soalan 5 (1) - hamba abdi

8/19/2019 SOALAN 5 (1) - Hamba Abdi

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BINCANGKAN PROSES KEWUJUDAN DAN KEPENTINGAN AMALAN HAMBA ABDIDI KOLONIAL AMERIKA SYARIKAT SEBELUM TAHUN 1775.

PENGENALAN

Amalan ham a a !" !" #$l$n" Am%&"#a S'a&"#a( (%lah %&m)la *%m%n+a# (ah)n 1,1-.

P%&!a an an !" Am%&"#a ("!a# %&m)la *% a a" /%n+a+ahan #% Am%&"#a (%(a/" %&)*aha

)n()# m%n a(a*" a(a) m%m%n)h" #%/%&l)an (%na a )&)h 'an % "() m%n!%*a# !"

Am%&"#a /a!a #%("#a "(). O&an A0&"#a 'an !"+a!"#an ham a a!alah m%&%#a 'an

%&a*al !a&" A0&"#a Ba&a( (%&)(aman'a !a&" S%n% al N" %&"a G)"%na An $la Can $ !an

Ga $n. K% an'a#an ham a a !" "n" a!alah m%&%#a 'an %)l"( h"(am. Tam ahan la "

#%!a(an an m%&%#a #% )m" Am%&"#a "() )#anlah a(a* /"l"han m%&%#a *%n!"&"

*% al"#n'a #% an'a#an m%&%#a !"/a#*a !an !"2)l"# $l%h /%!a an A0&"#a !an A&a

)n()# !"+)al #% S%/an'$l P$&() al D)(2h !an P%&an2"* 'an m%m%&l)#an (%na a )&)h.

T%&!a/a( &ama" +) a an *a E&$/ah 'an %&*a"n )n()# m%n!a/a(#an ha#

/%&!a an an ham a a !" "n" !" /an(a" A0&"#a Ba&a(. S%+a# !"/%%nal#an /a!a (ah)n

1,734an /%&m"n(aan (%&ha!a/ (%na a ham a a !" )n()# m%m%n)h" #%/%&l)an (%na a

)&)h ma*"h ("!a# /$/)la& h"n a a#h"& a a! #%417. P%&!a an an ham a a !" m)la

m%l)a* *%+a# a al a a! #%416 !an !"an a& /$/)la*" m%&%#a m%n2a/a" 11 +)(a $&an

l% "h &ama" !a&"/a!a "m" &an E&$/ah8.1

S%la"n "() /%&!a an an ham a a!alah #$la $&a*" an(a&a $&an E&$/ah a(a) Am%&"#a

!%n an /%!a an A0&"#a. 9 Hal "n" %& an()n !%n an /%m%&"n(ah (%m/a(an !" mana

#% an'a#an /%!a an ham a 2$l$n"al ("n al *%2a&a #%#al !" #) ) (%/" /an(a" !an

%ah "n !%n an an"(a A0&"#a. Hal "n" *%2a&a ("!a# lan *)n m%n )#)h#an "#a(an

/%&!a an an !an #%#%l)a& aan. S%#"(a& a a! #%417 !an #%416 #$l$n" !" H"*/an"$la !an

Jama"2a !"h)n" $l%h -34133: $l$n an ham a.

1 S%+a# h"lan n'a m$n$/$l" R$'al A0&"2an C$m/an' !alam /%&!a an an ham a a !" /a!a (ah)n1,-7 +)mlah %#alan *%ma#"n %&(am ah. Pa!a (ah)n 1733 (%&!a/a( l% "h #)&an 95&" ) ham a a !" m%n%(a/ !" #$l$n"4#$l$n" Am%&"#a U(a&a. D)a #al" an!a +)mlah (%&*% )(a!alah l%la#".

2 O)( $0 Man'; A H"*($&' $0 (h% Am%&"2an P%$/l%

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En lan! m)la %)&an an. Hal "n" m%n'% a #an &ama" $&an #)l"( h"(am !" a a ma*)#

#% >"& "n"a. K%(" a &)*)han #%("!a#/)a*an ha(" !an /$(%n*" $&an a+" #)l"( /)("h

m%m )a( /%m %&$n(a#an !an /%&(am ahan /%n!)!)# m%ma#*a /%la!an m%n2a&"

/%#%&+a 'an l% "h m)!ah !"l%n()&. = S%la"n "() #% an'a#an ham a %&h)(an !a(an

!a&"/a!a $l$n an a*#a& 'an m%n an )& malahan (%&!a/a( +) a ana# 'a("m

an!)an /$l"("# ana# l)a& n"#ah !an +) a /%n+%na'ah 'an m%la&"#an !"&" !a&"/a!a

h)#)man an()n . P%nanaman (%m a#a) ()&)( m%ma#*a /%n )&)* la!an >"& "n"a

)n()# m%n2a&" /%m %#al 'an !"/%&2a'a" $l%h m%m %#al#an ham a 'an m)&ah

#%&ana (%m a#a) m%m%&l)#an /%n+a aan 'an "n(%n*"0. A#" a(n'a *%#"(a& (ah)n 17=3

"lan an ham a %&h)(an #)l"( /)("h *)*)( !an m%n+a!" ("!a# /%n("n la ". Pa!a (ah)n

1,75 *% an'a# "& "n"a "a"() #% an'a#ann'a l%la#"

!an %#%&+a #%&a* !%n an ()an m%&%#a !an *% "lan an %*a& la " a!alah ham a

%&h)(an #)l"( /)("h 'an m%m %&*"h#an (anah m%nanam m%n2an #)l !an m%n)a"

(%m a#a). H) )n an *%#*)al an(a&a $&an A0&"#a /%&" )m" In!"an !an E&$/ah +) a

(%lah m%m/%%nal#an *a() #)m/)lan 'an %*a& !an m%lah"an #%()&)nan 2am/)&

'an !"/an "l mulato .< S%l%/a* "() a&)lah $&an #)l"( h"(am a!alah ham a !an ("!a#

m%m/)n'a" ha#. Pa!a (ah)n 1733 "lan an ham a a !" A0&"#a (%lah m%l% "h" "lan an

ham a %&h)(an . T%&!a/a( 1- 333 $&an A0&"#a !" Ma&'lan0 !an >"& "n"a "a"() #"&a4#"&a

99: !a&"/a!a /$/)la*". S%l%/a* (ah)n 1733 /%nanaman (%m a#a) m)la m%n )na#an

l% "h &ama" (%na a ham a a !". T%(a/" )n()# m%n )#)h#an /%&ham aan !" >"& "n"a

a!alah ("!a# /%&l) m%n ham a#an *%*"a/a *% al"#n'a m%&%#a han'a /%&l) m%m %l"

*%*%$&an 'an *%m%man n'a ham a. M%&%#a +) a !%n an m)!ah m%n ) ah ham a

!%n an m%m %l" $&an a+".5 A#h"&n'a /%n+a+ah !" >"& "n"a m%m"l"#" 933 333 $&an

ham a /a!a (ah)n 1775.

O&an A0&"#a /%&(ama m)n2)l !" Ch%*a/%a#% /a!a (ah)n 1,1- nam)n % "() *(a()*n'a

("!a# !a/a( !"#%nal /a*(" !a&"/a!a (a&a0 $&an a+" #)l"( /)("h. Pa!a (ah)n 1,


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(ah)n 1733 ham a (%lah m%n"n #a( !an m%n+a!" !alam /$/)la*" Ch%*a/%a#% !an

#% an'a#ann'a !alam /%#%&+aan )&)h. S%#"(a& (ah)n 1,-3 R$'al A0&"2an C$m/an' *

m%m$n$/$l" /%a/alan !an /%n+)alan ham a (%lah m%n %m an #an /%m %#alan

ham a 'an (" a !" Ch%*a/%a#%. D" *am/"n "() /a!a (ah)n 1735 #$! )n!an 4)n!an

m%n %*ah#an #%!)!)#an ham a !alam ma*'a&a#a( !an m%n )#)& (a&a0 %&!a*aan

an *a. 7 Hal "n" m%m a a ma#*)! aha a /%&ham aan han'alah )n()# $&an #)l"(

h"(am !an /%&" )m" In!"an *aha+a. Tam ahan la " )n()# m%n*(a "l#an ma*'a&a#a(

Ch%*a/%a#% !an m%&%!a#an #%ma&ahan $&an #)l"( /)("h 'an m"*#"n /%la!an %l"(

m%n2"/(a *"*(%m #a*(a %&!a*aan &a*. S"*(%m "n" m%n(a#&"0#an $&an )#an #)l"( /)("h

("!a# la'a# )n()# % a* !an m%n+a!" &a#'a( "a*a *%&(a "!%n("(" %#*#l)*"0 han'a !" %&"#an

#%/a!a $&an #)l"( /)("h *aha+a. S"*(%m /%&ham aan *%m%n(a&a "*"$n; A H"*($&' $0 (h% Am%&"2an P%$/l%8 Th% Am%&"2an P%$/l%; C&%a("n A Na("$n an! A S$2"%('

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m%&%#a m%m %#al#an $&an Ba& a!$* !an $&an A0&"#a. Pa!a (ah)n 1,7, /a&a

/%!a an N% En lan! m%m%n)h#an /%(a# !" !alam #a/al m%&%#a !%n an m%n "*"

ham a a !" !a&"/a!a Ma!a a*2a& !an m%m a a m%&%#a *%+a)h ,333 a() m%&%n(a*"

*% %lah a&a( A(lan("#. N% En lan! +) a ()&)( (%&l" a( !alam /%&!a an an ham a a !"

an(a&a an *a. -

Im" &an E&$/ah (%lah m%n%m)#an /%l)an )n()# m%n )#)h#an #%!)!)#an *% a a"

/%(an" % a* !" #$l$n" *%/%&(" P%nn*'l?an"a +a!" "a m%n')#aan )n()# ()an (anah !"

*%la(an "n" )n()# m%n &%#&)( a(a) m%n %&ah#an m%&%#a *% a a" ham a %&h)(an .

Tam ahan la " *%l%/a* /%m %&$n(a#an Ba2$n !an la"n4la"n *"&" /%m %&$n(a#an *%&(a

#$n0l"# *$*"al 'an %&la#) *%#"(a& (ah)n1,73 #% an'a#an #%()a 2$l$n"al m)la &"*a)

m%n %na" /$(%n*" /%m %&$n(a#an !alam #alan an ham a %&h)(an .

K$l$n" G%$& "a 'an !"a*a*#an $l%h Jam%* O l%(h$&/% m%&)/a#an #$l$n" (%&a#h"&

In %&"*. I!%al"*m% !an /%n'a&anan m%n %na" #%*%lama(an m%m )a(#an O l%(h$&/%

m%n ha&am#an *%2a&a &a*m" /%&ham aan !" G%$& "a. O l%(h$&/% %&/%n!a/a( aha a

/%&ham aan a!alah m%mal)#an $&an #)l"( h"(am !an m%m )a(#an $&an #)l"( /)("h

mala* *%&(a m%n!%!ah#an #%/a!a &"*"#$ 'an !ah*'a(. Hal "n" %&ma#*)! aha a

a/a "la han'a $&an #)l"( h"(am *aha+a 'an m%n %&+a#an /%&(an"an "n" m%m )a(#an

$&an #)l"( /)("h "n" ("!a# m%la#)#an /%#%&+aan !an m%n+a!"#an m%&%#a mala*. J)*(%&)

/%n!%!ahan #%/a!a &"*"#$ 'an !ah*'a( a!alah a/a "la $&an #)l"( h"(am (%&lal) &ama"

ma*)# !" *%*% )ah #$l$n" *%2a&a lan *)n "a a#an m%n!%!ah#an %&la#)n'a ma*alah

*$*"al *%/%&(" m%n2)&" !an la"n4la"n.

Hal "n" !%m"#"an #%&ana $l$n an ham a a !" 'an ma*)# )#anlah han'a (%&!"&"

!a&"/a!a $&an "a*a malahan (%&!a/a( +) a an!)an /$l"("# !an +) a /%n+%na'ah.

Pa&l"m%n m%m )a(#an G%$& "a *a()4*a()n'a #$l$n" !" mana /%&ham aan !"halan .

Nam)n % "() *%l%/a* *%!%#a! %&)*aha #%&a* !alam m%man(a/#an %#$n$m" G%$& "a

a#h"&n'a O l%(h$&/% m%n'%&ah #alah !%n an !a*a& 'an %l"a) (%(a/#an. Pa!a (ah)n

1753 /%&ham aan !"*ah#an !an *%#a(an #% a(a* /%m"l"#an (anah %&a#h"&. Ha*"ln'a

%#$n$m" G%$& "a m%lam )n .

G)la !an ham a %& %&a# *%"&"n *%m%n+a# a a! #%41< a/a "la /%!a an I(al" m)la4

m)la m%n "m/$&( (% ) !a&"/a!a A*"a Ba&a( !an m%n!"&"#an la!an (% ) /%&(ama !"9 O)( $0 Man'; A H"*($&' $0 (h% Am%&"2an P%$/l%

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/)la) M%!"(%&&ann%an. D%m" #%/%n("n an )la $&an E&$/ah m%n+a+ah A0&"#a )n()#

m%n'"#*a $l$n an ham a. Salah *a() /&$!)# 'an !"/%%nal#an $l%h C$l)m )*

#%/a!a D)n"a Ba&) a!alah (% ) !an ("!a# lama #%m)!"an la!an (% ) %&$/%&a*" !"

/)la) H"*/an"$la.

Pa!a a aln'a $&an S%/an'$l 2) a m%n )na#an /%&" )m" In!"an *% a a" )&)h

/a#*a (%(a/" !"*% a #an $l%h /%n'a#"( !an /%/%&an an (%lah m%n )&an #an /$/)la*"

/%n+a+ah !an #%m)!"ann'a #%m al" m%n )na#an ham a a !" A0&"#a 'an

*%m%man n'a %#%&+a !" S%/an'$l. P%n %nalan (%ha!a/ ala( /%n "*a& %)a*a #)!a

*%#"(a& (ah)n 1513 m%n"n #a(#an /%&m"n(aan )n()# (%na a )&)h. Pa!a (ah)n 1516

S%/an'$l m%n am "l #%*%m/a(an (%&ha!a/ $l$n an ham a a !" P$&() "* !%n an

m%n am "l l%*%n )n()# m%m a a ham a #% Am%&"#a *%2a&a lan *)n !a&" A0&"#a. Hal

"n" %&ma#na P$&() "* (%lah !" an() $l%h /%m "a'a B%lan!a m%m "na /)*a(

/%n %l)a&an )la !" ("m)& la)( B&a "l 'an m%n+a!" 2$n($h #%/a!a #%2%#a/an !an

#%#%+aman /%n %#*/l$"(a*"an (%&ha!a/ )&)h A0&"#a. Pa!a (ah)n 1,33 /%&ham aan

A0&"#a (%lah +) a )+)! !" la!an H"*/an"$la !an B&a "l.

B%lan!a (%lah m%n )na#an /%n alaman m%&%#a !" B&a "l !an m%n+a!" (an )n +a a

!alam /%&(am ahan $l$n an ham a !" Am%&"#a. Pa!a (ah)n 1,=3 m%&%#a m%n'%&an

B&a "l !an m%n a al #%)n()n an !" #$l$n" "n" *%lama 93 (ah)n. K%mah"&an !alam

#% an an !an /%&!an an an m%n'% a #an m%&%#a mam/) m%n %m an #an /a*a&an

)la E&$/ah. Ba&an an #$m$!"(" *%/%&(" (%m a#a) #$/" (%h )la (%lah !"nama#an $l%h

*%+a&a an *% a a" /&$l%(a&"an h)n %&4#"ll%& .

Sa() la " !"m%n*" 'an %a"( &a/a( !%n an a#("?"(" /%&ham aan a!alah P%&!a an an

T" a S% " a(a) T&"an )la& T&a!% 'an m%l" a(#an Am%&"#a E&$/ah !an A0&"#a.

P%&!a an an T" a S% " "n" m%&)/a#an lal)an )n()# m%n!a/a(#an %#alan ham a.

Lal)an /%&(ama m%m a a "#an /a/an !an a&an an la"n !a&"/a!a N% En lan! #%

W%*( In!"%*. Mana#ala !" W%*( In!"%* /)la m%&%#a m%n am "l )la !an molasses !"

mana "a m%&)/a#an *"&a/ 'an !"/%& )a( !a&"/a!a (% ). Ia !" )na#an )n()# m%m )a(

rum . Da&"/a!a /a&a /%!a an W%*( In!"%* /)la m%&%#a m%m a a &)m *%na/an

*%& )# /%l)&) !an /%&ala(an #% A0&"#a Ba&a(. D" *"n" m%&%#a m%m/%&!a an #an

a&an an "n" )n()# m%n!a/a(#an ham a !an ham a4ham a !" a a #% W%*( In!"%* !"

mana "a m%&)/a#an (%m/a( m%&%#a !"+)al. Pa&a /%!a an m%n a)( #%)n()n an !an

m%m %l" l% "h an'a# molasses . M%&%#a !"/%&la#)#an !%n an % "() #%+am *%#al" !an

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*"#a/ /a&a /%!a an +) a % "() (ama# 'an mah)#an #%)n()n an *%&(a mah)

m%m a a ham a *%&ama" 'an m)n #"n.

KRONOLOGI KEWUDAN AMALAN HAMBA ABDI

1"& "n"a m%la&an /%&h) )n an *%#*)al /%l a a" an *a

1,-6 B&"(a"n m%m )#a /%&!a an an ham a #%/a!a *%m)a *a)!a a&n'a

1,-- S%/an'$l m%n )m)m#an l$&"!a *% a a" (%m/a( /%&l"n!)n an ham a a !" 'an

(%&l%/a*

1735 @>"& "n"a Sla?% C$!% !"!"&"#an

1719 Ham a a !" m%n"n #a( !" N% Y$

1759 S%2a&a &a*m" G%$& "a !" )#a #%/a!a /%n a !"an

1773* Wa#() #%m)n2a# /%&!a an an ham a a !" !" #$l$n"4#$l$n" In %&"*

1636 /%m a aan ma*)# ham a a !" #% Am%&"#a %&a#h"&

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KEPENTINGAN AMALAN HAMBA ABDI

Amalan ham a a !" /%&nah m%n+a!" an(a&a "n*("()*" 'an /%n("n a " #$l$n" Am%&"#a

S'a&"#a( *%h"n a#an ham a a !" !"la'an !%n an % "() #%+am *%#al" *%ma(a4ma(a

han'a )n()# m%n2a&" #%)n()n an an(a&a Am%&"#a S'a&"#a( E&$/ah !an A0&"#a.

Salah *a() #%/%n("n an amalan ham a a !" a!alah !a&"/a!a *)!)( %#$n$m". Wala)/)n

/a!a a aln'a #$l$n"4#$l$n" ("!a# %&m"na( )n()# m%n "m/$&( a(a) m%m a a ma*)#

ham a a !" nam)n m%&%#a a#h"&n'a (%&/a#*a a#)& !%n an !%*a#an %#$n$m" !" mana

m%&%#a m%m a a ma*)# +) a ham a a !" #% !alam #$l$n" m%&%#a. Hal "n" #%&ana

(anah /%&(an"an 'an l)a* /%&l) !"#%&+a#an !an m%m%&l)#an (%na a )&)h 'an &ama"

)n()# m%m )a( /%l a a" /%&"n #a( /%#%&+aan.

C$n($hn'a a/a "la %&la#) /%%m an an /%*a( !" !alam /%&)*ahaan %#$n$m"

(%m a#a) %&a* !an "+"&"n *%#"(a& (ah)n 17,6 *%h"n a (ah)n 1779 !" >"& "n"a

Ch%*a/%a#% Ca&$l"na U(a&a !an +) a G%$& "a. D%n an %&la#)n'a /%%m an an

/%&)*ahaan "n" ma#a l% "h an'a# la!an !" )#a m%n+a!"#an "lan an ham a a !" #"an

m%n"n #a(.

S%la"n "() +) a an(a&a 0a#($& la"n 'an m%n+a!"#an ham a a !" "n" /%n("n a!alah #%&ana

m%&%#a m)!ah !"/%&$l%h" ("!a# #"&alah *ama a!a m%&%#a !"2)l"# !"(a an !"("/)

mah)/)n a(a* #%&%laan m%&%#a *%n!"&". Hal "n" a!a #a"(ann'a !%n an T&"an )la& T&a!%

a(a) P%&!a an an T" a S% " "a"() 2a&a a(a)/)n #a%!ah ham a a !" !"/%&$l%h".

G$l$n an ham a !" a a !%n an !"/%n)h#an !" !alam /%(a# #a/al !an %la'a& %&" )4

&" ) a() +a)hn'a han'a )n()# !"+a!"#an *% a a" ham a a !" $&an #)l"( /)("h.

Tam ahan la " $l$n an ham a a !" ()&)( !"%#*/l$"(a*" $l%h ()an4()an m%&%#a. Hal "n"

#%&ana (%&!a/a( ()an4()an (anah 'an han'a m%m a'a& )/ah 'an *%!"#"( #%/a!a

ham a a !" !an a!a +) a ()an (anah 'an lan *)n ("!a# m%m a'a& )/ah m%&%#a.

An(a&a la"n #%/%n("n an amalan ham a a !" a!alah !a&" *)!)( *$*"al. J"#a !"l"ha( *%2a&a

m%n!alam *% %na&n'a "n" a!alah *alah *a() m%&)/a#an )*aha )n()# m%nam ah

"lan an /%n!)!)# #$l$n" !" Am%&"#a S'a&"#a(. K% an'a#an ham a a !" an"(a !an

l%la#" !""m/$&( %ah "n a(a) m%n+al"n#an h) )n an !%n an ma+"#an m%&%#a "a"()

$&an #)l"( /)("h.

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)&"a( 'an !"/%&$l%h" ha*"l /%ah "nan 2am/)&an "n" !"nama#an *% a a" m)la($.

M%&%#a +) a m%m %n()# *(&)#()& #%l)a& a 'an #)a( ala)/)n ()an (anah ("!a#

m%m %naan /%ah "nan an(a&a m%&%#a #%&ana ham a a !" $l%h !" %l" !"+)al

!" )n)h !an !"/%&la#)#an *%/%&(" a/a/)n *%&(a m%n)n+)##an m%&%#a lan *)n ("!a#

m%m/)n'a" ha#

S% a a" 2$n($h $l%h !"l"ha( a/a "la L$)"*a P"2 )%( (%lah m%lah"an (" a $&an ana#

ha*"l h) )n ann'a !%n an Jam%* W"ll"am "a"() ma+"#ann'a *%n!"&".

Wala) a a"mana/)n an"(a #)l"( /)("h 'an %ah "n !%n an ham a a !" *%2a&a

("!a# lan *)n +) a /%&l) m%m an() *)am"n'a )n()# %#%&+a. K% )+)!an @Sla?% C$!%

'an m%n*'a&a(#an aha a ham a a !" 'an %ah "n !an m%m/)n'a" ana# *%2a&a

("!a# lan *)n a#an ()&)( m% a&"*" *(a()* " ) a/an'a *% a a" ham a a !". J)*(%&) hal

"n" *an a( m%n )n()n #an ()an4()an (anah #%&ana ("!a# /%&l) la " m%m %l" ham a a !"

!an *%2a&a lan *)n m%n+"ma(#an %#$n$m" m%&%#a )n()# m%n %m an #an la " (anah

/%&(an"an m%&%#a.

KESIMPULAN

Da/a( !"*"m/)l#an aha a #% )+)!an amalan ham a a !" *%2a&a #%*%l)&)hann'a (%lah

an'a# m%m an() m%n %&a##an %#$n$m" !" #$l$n"al Am%&"#a S'a&"#a( *% %l)m (ah)n

1775. ala) a a"mana/)n ham a a !" A0&"#a 'an (%lah !" a a ma*)# #% #$l$n"al

Am%&"#a S'a&"#a( (%&/a#*a m%n'%*)a"#an !"&" !%n an ma*'a&a#a( #$l$n" m%m "na

*%m)la #%l)a& a m%m/%& a"#" aha*a !an m%n a*"m"la*"#an #% )!a'aan m%&%#a

!%n an #% )!a'aan Am%&"#a S'a&"#a( *%h"n a (%lah m% )+)!#an ma*'a&a#a( A0&"#a4

Am%&"#a. A#h"&n'a /a!a (ah)n 1636 #%/%n("n an ham a a !" !" Am%&"#a S'a&"#a(

*%ma#"n %)&an an !an *%!"#"( !%m" *%!"#"( /%&ham aan "n" (%lah !"ha/)*#an.

9

soalan 5 (1) - hamba abdi

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