4. Dua persamaan perkataan ditunjukkan di bawah. Two word equations are shown below.

(a) Apakah proses X dan Y? What are processes X and Y?

(i) X: ................................................................................

(ii) Y: ................................................................................

(b) Namakan W dan Z. Name W and Z.

(i) W: .....................................................................................

(ii) Z; ..........................................................................................

(c) Berikan satu sifat khas Z .Give one special characteristic of Z.

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(d) Jika asid organik yang digunakan adalah asid etanoik, apakah Z?

I f the organic acid used is ethanoic acid, what is Z?

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4.4 Kelapa Sawit serta Kepentingannya kepada Pembangunan Negara

1. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas bagi buah kelapa sawit.

Diagram 4.1 shows section through an oil palm fruit.

(a) Pada Rajah 4.1, namakan bahagian i dan ii dalam kotak yang disediakan. Based on Diagram 4.1, name the parts labelled i and ii in the boxes provided.

(b) Bahagian manakah pada buah kelapa sawit yang menghasilkan paling banyak minyak? Which part of an oil palm fruit produces the most oil?

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(c) Namakan proses penghasilan minyak kelapa sawit daripada buah kelapa sawit.

Name the process of obtaining palm oil from oil palm fruits.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(d) Namakan satu bahan berkhasiat yung terdapat dalam buah kelapa sawit. Name one nutritional substance found in palm oil.

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(e) Tandakan ( / ) barangan yang diperbuat daripada kelapa sawit pada Rajah 4.2.

Tick (V), in Diagram 4.2, the items made from palm oil.

2. Rajah 4

menunjukkan langkah-langkah dalam proses pengekstrakan minyak kelapa sawit di dalam makmal.

Diagram 4 shows steps in an extraction process of palm oil in a laboratory.

(a) Namakan setiap peringkat pada Rajah 4. Name each stage in Diagram 4.

(i) Peringkat/Stage P : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Peringkat/Stage Q: .............................................................

(iii) Peringkat/Stage R: ..............................................................

(b) Pada peringkat manakah bakteria dan kulat dibunuh?At which stage are the bacteria and fungi killed?

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(c) Namakan peringkat selepas peringkat R.

Name the stage after stage R.

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(d) (i) Apakah S? What is S? .....................................................................................................

(ii) Namakan dua vitamin yang terdapat dalam S. Name two vitamins found in S.

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(e) Rajah 5 menunjukkan keratan rentas buah kelapa sawit. Diagram 5 shows the cross-section of an oil palm fruit.

Labelkan bahagian yang menghasilk.in banyak S.

Label the part that produces a lot of S.

(a) State the hypothesis that can be made from this experiment. Nyatakan hipotesis yang boleh dibuat daripada eksperimen ini.

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(b) State the variables in this experiment.

Nyatakan pembolehubah dalam eksperimen ini.

(i) Controlled variable/Pembolehubah dimalarkan:

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(ii) Manipulated variable/Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan:

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(c) Based on this experiment, which rubber is more elastic? Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, getah manakah yang lebih elastik?

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3. Diagram 3.1 shows an experiment to study the effect of vinegar and ammonium solution on latex. Diagram 3.2 shows the result of the experiment after 30 minutes.

Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan cuka dan larutan ammonia ke atas lateks. Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen selepas 30 minit.

(a) Write down one observation from the result of this experiment. Tulis satu pemerhatian daripada kepulusan eksperimen ini.

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(b) State one inference based on the observation in Diagram 3.2. Nyatakan satu inferens berdasarkan pemerhatian di Rajah 3.2.

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(c) State one constant variable in this experiment.Nyatakan satu pemholehubah yang dimalarkan dalam eksperimen ini.

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(d) State one hypothesis for this experiment. Nyatakan satu hipotesis hagi eksperimen ini.

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(e) State the operational definition for acid. Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi asid.

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BAHAGIAN C: SOALAN ESAI

1. (a) State four differences between saturated fat and unsaturated fat. Nyatakan empat perbezaan antara lemak tepu dengan lemak tak tepu.

(b) Diagram 12 shows three examples of organic compounds used in daily life.Rajah 12 menunjukkan tiga contoh sebatian organik yang digunakan dalam kehidupan harian.

Study the objects in Diagram 12 and construct the concept of organic compounds. Your answer should be based on the following aspects:Kaji objek dalam Rajah 12 dan bina konsep sebatian organik. Jawapan anda hendaklah berdasarkan aspek berikut:

(i) Identify two common characteristics / Kenal pasti dua ciri sepunya

(ii) Give one other example of organic compound/ Beri satu conloh lain sebatian organik

(iii) Give one example of inorganic compound and state one characteristic. Beri satu contoh sebatian tak organik dan nyatakan satu ciri

(iv) Relate the common characteristic to construct the concept of organic compound Hubungkaitkan ciri sepunya untuk membina konsep sebatian organik