ppt-bio-f4-2015

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Section A

Bahagian A

Answer all questions in this section.

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini .

1. Diagram 1 below shows the structure of a plant cell.

Rajah 1 di bawah menunjukkan struktur satu sel tumbuhan.

Diagram1/Rajah 1

a) Name the cellular components labelled P, Q, R, S and T in Diagram 1.

Namakan komponen sel berlabelP, Q, R, S danT dalam Rajah 1.

[5 marks/5 markah]

a) Which cellular components are usually absent in animal cells?

Komponen sel yang manakah biasanya tidak terdapat dalam sel haiwan?

________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark/1 markah]

b) What cells of a plant contain a large number of organelle P?

Apakah sel tumbuhan yang mengandungi bilangan organelPyang banyak?

________________________________________________________________________[2 marks/2 markah]

c) Give onereason for your answer in (c).

Berikansatusebab bagi jawapan anda di(c).

________________________________________________________________________[1 mark/1 markah]

d) What does organelle T contain?

Apakah yang terkandung dalam organelT?

________________________________________________________________________[1 mark/1 markah]

f) Explain one role of structure T to a herbaceous plant.

Terangkan satu peranan struktur T kepada tumbuhan herba.

________________________________________________________________________[2 mark/2 markah]

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2. Diagram 2 shows the crossection of an organ in humans.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan keratan rentas organ pada manusia.

Diagram 2/Rajah 2

a. State the system that consists of the organ shown in diagram 2.

Nyatakan sistem yang mengandungi organ yang ditunjukkan pada rajah 2.

___________________________________________________________________________

(1 mark / 1 markah)

b. A group of students conducted a study on the organ. The following shows the finding of their

study.

Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan satu kajian terhadap organ itu. Berikut menunjukkan

penemuan bagi kajian mereka.

State the incorrect findings and explain your answers.

Nyatakan penemuan yang tidak benardan terangkan jawapan anda.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(2marks/2markah)

The organ is not responsible for human excretion.Organ ini tidak bertanggungjawab terhadap perkumuhan manusia.

The organ is made up of epithelial tissues, muscle tissues, connective tissues and nerve

tissues.

Organ ini terdi ri daripada tisu epithelia, ti su otot, tisu penghubung dan tisu saraf.

The organ is involved in human defense mechanism.

Organ ini terli bat dalam mekanisme pertahanan manusia.

The organ is made up of epidermis only.

Organ ini terdi ri daripada epidermi s sahaja.

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c) On Diagram 2 mark fourparts that are involved in detecting external stimuli.

Pada rajah 2 tandakan empat bahagian yang terlibat dalam pengesanan rangsangan

luar. (2mark/2 markah)

d) Parts X and Y of the organ are involved in homeostasis.Briefly explain how the labelled parts

carry out homeostatic function.Bahagian X dan Y pada organ itu terlibat dalam pengawalaturan dalam. Terangkan secara

ringkas bagaimanakah bahagian-bahagian yang berlabel itu menjalankan fungsi

pengawalaturan persekitaran dalam.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

(4marks/4markah)

e) i) State a structure of plant that has the same function as the organ in diagram 2.

Nyatakan satu struktur tumbuhan yang mempunyai fungsi yang sama seperti organ yang

ditunjukkan dalam rajah 2

___________________________________________________________________________

(1mark/1 markah)

ii) Explain how the structure stated in 1(e) (i) enables itself to function as the organ shown in

diagram 2.

Terangkan bagaimanakah struktur yang dinyatakan dalam 1(e)(i) membolehkannyaberfungsi seperti organ yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah 2.

__________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

( 2 marks / 2markah )

3.. Diagram 3 shows the condition of a plant when excess substance Y is added.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan keadaan pokok setelah bahan Y ditambah secara berlebihan.

Diagram 3/Rajah 3

a) Name substance Y.

Namakan bahan Y

______________________________________________________________________

(1mark/1 markah)

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b) i. Name the process that occurred.

Namakan proses yang berlaku

____________________________________________________________________

(1mark/1 markah)

ii Explain your answer in b(i) /terangkan jawapan anda in b(i).

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(4marks/4markah)

c) Draw the condition of the root hair cell when the plant is watered with plenty of water.

Lukis keadaan sel rambut akar apabila pokok itu disiram dengan air yang banyak.

(2marks/2markah)

d) Give one example of each process of passive transport and active transport in living

organisms.

Beri satu contoh untuk setiap proses pengangkutan pasif dan pengangkutan aktif dalam

organism hidup.

1. Simple diffusion

Resapan ringkas2. Facilitated diffusion

Resapan berbantu

3. OsmosisOsmosis

4. Active transport

Pengangkutan aktif

(4marks/4markah)

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4 Diagram 4 shows the organelles involved during the synthesis and secretion of an enzyme in

an animal cellRajah 4 menunjukkan organel-organel yang terlibat semasa sintesis dan rembesan suatuenzim dalam satu sel haiwan

Diagram 4.1/Rajah 4.1

a) Name the organelles labelled P and R

Namakan organel yang berlabel P dan R

P:______________________________________________________________________

R:______________________________________________________________________( 2 marks / 2 markah )

b) i) State the function of organelle S

Nyatakan fungsi organel S

________________________________________________________________________( 1 mark / 1 markah )

ii) Explain the role of organelle Q in the synthesis of the enzyme.Terangkan peranan organel Q dalam sintesis enzim

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________( 2 marks / 2 markah)

c) Explain how enzymes act in:Terangkan bagaimana enzim bertindak dalam:

i)Helping to cook meat:Memudahkan kerja memasak daging:

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________( 2 marks / 2 markah)

Enzymes are widely used in our daily life and industries

Enzim banyak digunakan dalam kehidupan seharian dan dalam

industri

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ii )Extracting agar from seeweeds.

Mengexstrak agar-agar daripada rumpai laut

_________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________( 2 marks / 2 markah )

d) Diagram 4.1 shows the structure of an enzyme and three substrates W,X, and Y.

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan struktur satu enzim substrat W,X dan Y.


Based on diagram 4.1 complete the schematic diagram below to show the mechanism ofenzyme action on a suitable substanceBerdasarkan rajah lengkapkan rajah skema di bawah bagi menunjukkan mekanismetindakan enzim ke atas substrat yang sesuai.

( 3 marks/ 3markah )

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5. Diagram 5 shows part of the stages of cell division P and Q in an animal cell.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada peringkat-peringkat pembahagian sel P dan Qdalam sel haiwan.

Diagram 5/Rajah 5

a) i ) State the importance of processes P and Q.Nyatakan kepentingan proses P dan Q

P:______________________________________________________________________

Q:______________________________________________________________________(2Marks/ 2 markah)

ii) Where do P and Q occur in animal?Dimanakah P dan Q berlaku dalam haiwan?

P:____________________________ Q:________________________________(2marks/2markah)

b) i) Name stages X and Y.

Namakan peringkat X dan Y

X:____________________________ Y:________________________________

(2marks/2markah)

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c) State two differences between processes P and Q.

Nyatakan duaperbezaan antara proses P dengan Q

(2marks/2markah)

d) The knowledge of process Q is applied in cloning . State twoadvantage and disadvantageof cloning.

Pengetahuan tentang proses Q telah diaplikasikan dalam pengklonan.Nyatakandua kebaikan dan keburukan pengklonan.

Advantage:__________________________________________________________________Kebaikan

__________________________________________________________________

Disadvantage :_______________________________________________________________Keburukan

_______________________________________________________________(4marks/4markah)

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Section B

Bahagian B

(40marks/40 markah)

6 The human body is made up of four major type of tissues ,namely

Badan manusia terdiri daripada empat jenis tisu yang utama , iaitua) muscle tissue / tisu ototb) epithelial tissues / tisu epithelialc) nerve tissues / tisu sarafd) connective tissues / tisu penghubung

Briefly explain how the tissues are formed and the function of each type of tissue.Terangkan secara ringkas bagaimanakah tisu itu terbentuk dan fungsi bagi setiap tisu itu

(20 marks/ 20 markah)

7. a) Explain the meaning of intracellular and extracellular enzyme

Terangkan makna enzim dalam sel dan enzim luar sel

(4marks /4markah)

b) Diagram 7 shows the production enzyme in the pancreas.

Rajah 7menunjukkan penghasilan enzim dalam pancreas

Diagram 7/Rajah 7

Explain the involvement of specific organelles in the diagram above in the production of this

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extracellular enzyme

Terangkan peranan organel dari rajah dalam penghasilan enzim luar sel

(6marks /6markah)

c) Name one of the pancreatic enzymes. Explain how the temperature and pH affect the action of thisenzyme.

Namakan satu enzim dari pancreas. Terangkan bagaimana suhu dan pH mempengarui aktiviti enzim

Ini.

(10marks/10 markah)

8. a) Diagram8.1 shows the structure of a unicellular organism which lives in a freshwater pond.

Rajah 8.1menunjukkan struktur satu organisma unisel yang hidup dalam kolam air tawar


Explain the function of X in osmoregulation.

Terangkan fungsi X dalam proses pengosmokawalaturan.

(4marks/4 markah)

b) Diagram 8.2 shows the structure of the plasma membrane and the concentration ofdifferent molecules inside and outside of a cell.

Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan stuktur membran plasma dan kepekatan molekul di dalam

dan di luar sel.


Based on Diagram 8.2 descibe the movement of molecules across the plasma

membrane into the cell.

Berdasarkan Rajah8.2 terangkan pergerakan molekul merentasi membran plasma

ke dalam sel.

(8 marks / 8 markah)

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c) Diagram 8.3 and Diagram 8.4 show two ways of preserving fish and vegetable .

Rajah dan Rajah 8.3 menunjukkan 8.4 duacara pengawetan ikan dan sayur.

Diagram 8.3 and Diagram 8.4

Explain how the preservatives are effective in the preservation of each type of the food.Terangkan bagaimana bahan-bahan pengawet itu berkesan dalam pengawetan setiap bahan

makanan tersebut.


9.

a) By referring to the statement given and your biological knowledge ,discuss the important of

water for life.

Dengan merujuk kepada kenyataan diberi dan pengetahuan biologi anda .bincangkan

kepentingan air pada manusia.


b)

Given four types of enzyme. Discuss the uses of this enzymes in daily life and industry.

Diberi empat jenis enzim. Bincangkan kegunaan enzim ini dalam kehidupan harian.

I) Protease III) Lipase

Protease Lipase

II) Amylase IV) Cellulase

Amilase Selulase


Water is the common name applied to the liquid form of the hydrogen and oxygen

compound . Water is one of natures important gifts to mankind .Essential to life ,a

persons survival depends on drinking water.

Air adalah nama biasa bagi bentuk cecair sebatian hidrogen dan oksigen .Air

adalah anugerah yang amat berharga bagi manusia .Penting untuk hidup ,

kemandirian manusia ber antun ada meminum air.

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Prepaired by Checked by Approved by

. .. .

(Pn Anna) (Pn Umi Kalsum ) (Pn Suria Hamzah )

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Skema Pemarkahan PPT BIO 2015 Ting 4

1 .(a) P: Chloroplast

Q: Cell wall

R: Mitochondrion

S: NucleusT: Vacuole

(b) The cell wall, chloroplasts and vacuole

(c) The palisade mesophyll cells and spongy mesophyll cells of leaves

(d) These cells carry out photosynthesis which requires chlorophyll which is contained in the

chloroplasts.

(e) Cell sap

(f ) Storage of food like oil and water.Some vacuole remove waste product.

2.

.

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3.a) Fertiliser

b) i. Plasmolysis

ii. Excess fertilizer cause the soil water to become hypertonic to the root hair cell,Water

molecules from root hair cells diffuse out to the soil by osmosis.The cells are

plasmolysed and wilting occurs.

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c) 1. Gaseous exchange between alveoli and blood capillaries.

2. Absorbtion of digested food in villus

3. absorbtion of water by root hair cells.

4. Intake of ions into the root hair cells

4

5.a) i. P : To produce gamete cell

Q: For growth and to repair damaged tissues

ii. P: In reproductive organs Q: In somatic cells / all the cell other

than reproductive cells

b). X: Metaphase Y: Anaphase

c)

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P Q

1.Crossing over between non-sister chromatidsoccurs

1. Crossing over does not occur.

2.Four daughter cells are produced at the endof the division

2. Two daughter cells are produced at theend of the division

d) Advantage :1 Large numbers of offspring can be produced in a shorter time.

2.The good qualities of the plants and animals can be selected and maintained in

the clones.

3.It ensures the continuity of hereditary traits from the parents to the clones.

Disadvantages:1. The resistance of the clones towards diseases and pest is the same.

If a clone is infected with a diseases by pest then all the clones will be

affected and die.

2. Cloning prevents natural selection

3.Cloning is carried out under controlled environment.If the external

environment changes , then the clones will be destroyed.

Section B

6. *Muscle tissue:The most abundant tissue in the body.It composed of cells called muscle fibres.

*There are three type of muscle tissues :smooth muscle .skeletal muscles and cardiac muscles

*smooth muscle along digestive tract and blood vessle responsible for involuntary actions such

as peristalsis.

*Skeletal muscle : Attached to the bones responsible for voluntary movements.contraction and

relaxation of skeletal muscels produce body movement

*Cardiac muscle: Form the contractile wall of the muscle.Contract to pump blood all parts of

the body

*Involve in involuntary action

* Epithelial tissueconsist of one or more layers of cells.The cells are tightly interconnected

and form a continuous layer over body surface for examples skin,inner lining of lungs and

digestive tract.

*A protective barrier against infection,mechanical injuries ,and dehydration.

*Epithelial cells in intestine form mucussecreting goblet cells which secrete mucus in

digestive tract helps in movement of faeces,

*Epithelial tissue that lines at trachea consist of elongated cells with hair like projections called

cilia helps in trapping dust particles

*Nerve tissuecomposed of neurons or nerve cells . Each nerones consist of a cell body and

nerve fibres called dendrites and axon.

*Neurones to detect stimuli and transmit electrical signals called nerve impulses tomuscle or

glands.

*Nerve tissues control and coordinate activities of the body.

*Connective tissueconsist of various type of cells and fibres separated by and extracellular of

matrix.

*Loose connective tissue bind epithelia to underlying tissues and holds organs in space.

*Dense fibrous connective tissue contain collagenous fibres found in tendons which connectmuscle and bones.

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*Cartilage a strong and flexible connective tissues covers end of bones.

* Cartilage act as cushions to absorb pressure at the end of bones.

*Bone consist of cells embedded in a matrix of collagen which are hardend by mineral deposits

Such as calcium.

*Bone provides protection to organs and support the body.

*Blood cells produce in the bone marrow located at the end of bone marrow.

*Blood has regulating , transporting and protective functions.

*Adipose tissue consist of tightly packed cells that stores fat.

*Adipose tissue act as an energy reserve and also provides insulation and protection.

7.

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8. a) - The contractile vacuole (X) regulates the osmotic pressure

- excesses water in the cell diffuses into the contractile vacuole by osmosis

- The contractile vacuole expand to collect the excess water

- when the contractile vacuole is full, it contracts to expel the excess water out to its

surrounding

b) Movement of potassium ions

F: By active transport

P1: Through carrier protein

P2: Against concentration gradient

P3: Use (metabolic) energy

P4: Result in accumulation

Movement of water molecules

F: By Osmosis

P1: Through phospholipid bilayer/pore protein/carrier protein

P2: From a region of higher water concentration //outside cell

has higher water concentration/ lower solute concentration

P3: Passive transport/ do not need energy

Movement of Vitamin E

F: By simple diffusion

P1: Through phospholipid bilayer

P2: From a region of higher (solute) concentration to a region

of lower (solute) concentrationP3: passive transport// do not need energy

c)-The fish is immersed in the salt solution which is hypertonic to the fish tissues

- More water diffuses out from the fish tissues into the salt solution by osmosis

- The fish become dehydrated.

- This prevents bacterial growth in the fish tissues.

- The bacterial cells are also plasmolysed

- The prevents decay of the fish

- Vegetables are immersed in vinegar which is acidic.

- Vineger diffuses into the vegetable tissues.- The vegetable tissues become acidic.

- The low pH prevents bacterial growth in the tissues.

- This prevents decay of the vegetable

9 a) -As a medium for the chemical reaction in the cell

- To help the transport of carbon dioxide , oxygen , food , hormons , and excretory materials.

- to retain osmotic pressure of blood and tissue fluid.

- To control body temperature true evaporation of sweat.

- to dilute toxic materials

- As a solvent for organic substances and mineral ions- As a lubricant of joints

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- To facilitate smooth movement of food during peristalsis

- For industries cleaning, cooling dissolving and ,hydroponic.

c)i)Protease -To tenderise tough meat

- In fish canning industry , to help discard hair from leather or fish scales

-

In cheese making to solidify milk .

ii)- Amylase -In te processing of fruit juices , chocolates and other food.

- In alcohol industry , added to digest starch before adding malt

- Remove stain containing starch. Exp souces ,ice cream and gravy

iii)- Lipase- In fats industry to produce glycerol and fatt acid.

- To separate and reduce fats in food like meat

- Effective in removing oil and grease

iv) Cellulase -has been added to brighten the colours.- It also soften the cloths.

- Prevents cloudiness during the storage of beers.

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