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RAJALEB ISATSERP ,ISAVITOM ISUBIRTNOK ALOP NADIIX SALEK AWSIS TANIM PADAHRET AUT GNARO HUSA

1 NKMS AHASUARIWREB KUTNU KOPED

ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnU nakujaiD nakididneP anajraS raleG helorepmeM

S margorP imonokE nakididneP idut

O : hel

itseR itutsaiwD

800423170 : MIN

NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGORP IMONOKE

LAISOS NAUHATEGNEP UMLI NAKIDIDNEP NASURUJ

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

2102

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i

RAJALEB ISATSERP ,ISAVITOM ISUBIRTNOK ALOP NADET AUT GNARO HUSA IIX SALEK AWSIS TANIM PADAHR

1 NKMS AHASUARIWREB KUTNU KOPED

ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnU nakujaiD nakididneP anajraS raleG helorepmeM

S margorP imonokE nakididneP idut

O : hel

itseR itutsaiwD

800423170 : MIN

NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGORP NOKE IMO

LAISOS NAUHATEGNEP UMLI NAKIDIDNEP NASURUJ

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

2102


ii


iii


vi

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

kadit ini silut ayas gnay ispirks awhab aynhuggnuses nagned nakataynem ayaS

ayrak taumem aigab uata n ayrak malad naktubesid halet gnay ilaucek ,nial gnaro

.haimli ayrak aynkayal anamiagabes ,akatsup ratfad nad napituk

2102 rebmetpeS 70 ,atrakaygoY

siluneP

itutsaiwD itseR


v

NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL

AYRAK ISAKILBUP SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI

: amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY

amaN : itutsaiwD itseR

awsisahaM romoN 0 4231 70 : 80

naakatsupreP adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nauhategnep umli nagnabmegnep imeD

aS satisrevinU jreb ayas haimli ayrak amrahD atan : ludu

GNARO HUSA ALOP NAD RAJALEB ISATSERP ,ISAVITOM ISUBIRTNOK

KUTNU KOPED 1 NKMS IIX SALEK AWSIS TANIM PADAHRET AUT

AHASUARIWREB ayas naikimed nagneD .nakulrepid gnay takgnarep atreseb

inU naakatsupreP adapek nakirebmem kutnu kah amrahD atanaS satisrev

kutneb malad aynalolegnem ,nial aidem kutneb malad nakhilagnem ,napmiynem

id aynnakisakilbupmem nad ,satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem ,atad nalakgnap

i atnimem ulrep apnat simedaka nagnitnepek kutnu nial aidem uata tenretnI irad nij

aman nakmutnacnem patet amales ayas adapek itlayor nakirebmem nupuam ayas

.silunep iagabes ayas

.aynranebes nagned taub ayas gnay ini naataynrep naikimeD

atrakaygoY id taubiD ,

laggnat adaP rebmetpeS 70 102 2

nakataynem gnaY

( itutsaiwD itseR )


iv

OTTOM

halada irid ayacrep asar ikilimem kutnu icnuk ataK“

naklucnumem nad habureb kutnu iridnes adna nauamek

nakamatugnem nagned irid malad irad nagnorod

”asarem adapirad rikipreb

kadit adna akam ,aynialumem hanrep kadit adna akij“

s naka hanrep ”sesku

araduas ,uti aneraK - haliridreb ,hisakek gnay ukaraduas

naajrekep malad ulales haltaig nad ,hayog nagnaj ,huget

nautukesrep malad awhab ,uhat umak babeS !nahuT

ais kadit umhayap hirej nahuT nagned - .ais

( 85:51 roK 1 )

doG htiw roF

mi eb llahs gnihtoN elbissop

)73:1 ekuL(


iiv

nahabmesreP namalaH


iiiv

KARTSBA

GNARO HUSA ALOP NAD RAJALEB ISATSERP ,ISAVITOM ISUBIRTNOK KUTNU KOPED 1 NKMS IIX SALEK AWSIS TANIM PADAHRET AUT

AHASUARIWREB

itutsaiwD itseR amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

3102

eP gnay isubirtnok ada hakapa iuhategnem kutnu naujutreb ini naitilen

nakifingis auT gnarO husA aloP nad rajaleB isatserP ,isavitoM padahret taniM awsiS ahasuariwreb kutnu kopeD 1 NKMS id IIX salek .

naitilenep sinej nakapurem ini naitileneP gnay susak iduts d nakanaskali nalub adap iraurbeF 2102 . IIX salek awsis halada ini naitilenep irad isalupoP gnay

251 halmujreb kinket nagned awsis gnilpmas modnar elpmis atad nalupmugneP .renoiseuk nakanuggnem .aynsatilibaer nad satidilav ijuid halet gnay ataD

lanaid ed sisi geR ijU nakanuggnem nagn .adnagreB iser lisaH ini naitilenep awhab nakkujnunem : ( )1 isavitoM isubirtnokreb

padahret nakifingis taniM awsiS ahasuariwreB kutnu 6,93 rasebes %3 )2( isatserP rajaleb padahret nakifingis isubirtnokreb taniM awsiS asuariwreB kutnu ah rasebes

%02,13 )3( , auT gnarO husA aloP padahret nakifingis isubirtnokreb taniM awsiS ahasuariwreB kutnu %71,92 rasebes .


xi

TCARTSBA

EHT FO NOITUBIRTNOC NOITAVITOM , GNINRAEL TNEMEVEIHCA DNA TNI ’STNEDUTS SDRAWOT GNISRUN FO NRETTAP EHT FO TSERE

NEVELE HT EDARG STNEDUTS FO 1 LOOHCS LANOITACOV KOPED OT EHT OD NE T ER PIHSRUENERP

itutsaiwD itseR amrahD atanaS ytisrevinU

3102

si yduts siht fo evitcejbo ehT rehtehw enimreted ot si ereht tnacifingis a noitubirtnoc fo m noitavito , a emeveihc tn dna p fo nretta eht sdrawot gnisrun

tseretni fo gniod eht tne er pihsruenerp htnevele eht fo g edar neduts 1 fo stkopeD loohcS lanoitacoV .

epyt ehT dna yduts esac a si yduts siht fo detcudnoc ni 2102 yraurbeF . ehTnoitalupop yduts siht fo 251 erew stneduts nevele eht fo ht fo euqinhcet ehT .edarg

saw atad eht gnitcelloc modnar elpmis gnilpmas euqinhcet d ehT . noitcelloc ata a saw eriannoitseuq detset neeb dah taht fo tset gnisu yb ytidilav ytilibailer dna .

D ata dezylana erew yb gnisu noisserger elpitlum tset . fo stluser ehT taht wohs yduts siht : )1( etubirtnoc noitavitom s yltnacifingis

ot stneduts tseretni ’ ot od pihsruenerpertne , %36,93 )2( stnemeveihca gninrael etubirtnoc , ot yltnacifingis stneduts tseretni ’ ot od pihsruenerpertne , %02,13 , )3(

aP fo nrett gnisrun etubirtnoc s yltnacifingis ot ot tseretni ’stnedutspihsruenerpertne , %71,92 .


x

RATNAGNEP ATAK

nad asauK ahaM gnaY nahuT adapek naktajnap silunep rukuys nad ijuP

tamhar nahapmil alages sata hisaK ahaM - tapad silunep aggnihes ayN

nad isatserP ,isavitoM isubirtnoK “ ludujreb ini ispirkS .ini ispirks nakiaseleynem

kutnu kopeD 1 NKMS IIX saleK awsiS taniM padahret auT gnarO husA aloP

tarays utas halas ihunemem kutnu nakujaid nad silutid ini ispirkS .”ahasuariwreB

jraS raleg helorepmem .imonokE nakididneP idutS margorP nakididneP ana

iagabreb irad amasajrek nad nautnab takreb dujuwret ini ispirkS siluneP

.silunep isavitomem nad ,utnabmem ,gnibmibmem nanekreb halet gnay kahip

lunep ini natapmesek malad uti kutnU apacu nakiapmaynem nigni si hisak amiret n

: adapek

.1 takreb nakhapmilem ulales gnay sutsirK suseY nahuT - aggnihes ayN

.racnal nagned nakiaselesret tapad ini ispirks

.2 .D.hP ,.dE.M ,mikraS .T .srD kapaB , nad naurugeK satlukaF nakeD ukales

rakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU nakididneP umlI .at

.3 kapaB .S.M ,onoylaD hugeT .C .rD , gnay ,I gnibmibmep nesod ukales

,nagnibmib nakirebmem itah nasulutek nad naitregnep hunep nagned

.ini ispirks nasilunep malad isavitom atres ,naras ,kitirk

.4 .iS.M ,.E.S ,nawamraD ardnI kapaB , ,II gnibmibmeP nesoD ukales

aidesreb halet nad ,tahesan ,nagnibmib alages sata hisakamiret

.ini ispirks nakiaseleynem malad utkaw nakgnaulem

.5 kapaB cS.M ,dP.S ,neyaduM .V.M.Y ,. hisak amiret ,ijugnep nesod ukales

.silunep adapek nakirebid gnay naras nad nagnukud alages sata


ix

.6 okoJ kapaB ,.iS.M ,.oyociW irad kartsba nagnibmib sata hisak amiret

.kapab

.7 kaynab halet gnay )nitiT kabM( imonokE nakididneP idorP tairaterkeS

.silunep adapek isamrofni nakirebmem nad utnabmem

.8 kapaB ,idaiteS akE .srD ukales kopeD 1 NKMS halokeS alapeK

ay atrakaygoY silunep adapek naitilenep niji nakirebmem halet gn

.itiletid gnay kipot iauses atad helorepmem tapad aggnihes

.9 ubI ,inisraW kopeD 1 NKMS naahasuariwek upmagnep urug ukales

nakubisek hagnetid silunep igab utkaw nakgnaulem halet gnay atrakaygoY

.rajagnem

.01 uleS halet gnay atrakaygoY kopeD 1 NKMS IIX salek awsis hur

.naitilenep utnabmem

.11 aniR ukamaM nad matoY onosraD ukkapaB ( atnicret ukaut gnaro audeK

hisak aumes salabmem upmam gnay nakadnit nad atak adaiT .)itnatsiR

t“ paites nad lairetam ,naitahrep ,aod ,gnayas nailak gnay ”hulep sete

.ini umkana kutnu nakraulek

.21 leumaS atres iniarggnA aniN ukrapi kakaK nad otnayajiW idneR ukkakaK

.uktagnameynep idajnem nad gnukudnem hadus gnay ayajiW tnecniV

.31 anuratotraM raseb agrauleK nad irkaS gnabmaB raseb agrauleK ,

hisakamiret amales nakireb nailak gnay tagnames alages taub nad aod sata

.ini

.41 nameT - ,ybbeD ,aliN ,ylliW retarF( 7002 natakgna uknagnaujrepes namet

uhZ ,anoM ,nirtahC ,ahcI ,ardneH ,aziR ,naiD ,raggnE ,aysaT ,ahcE ,aiL

,rajaF ,akiF ,uhz ,naiD firA ,xigU ,atnihS ,yluY ,onsirT ,notnA ,iniR ,

halet gnay tagnames atres amasajrek nagnukud ,nautnab sata lld ,irdneH


iix

aumes sata nad ini ispirks naanrupmeynep sesorp malad nakirebid

atik supmak id masreb hailuk atik amales awat adnac nad nagnanek

.atnicret

.51 kadit gnay kahip aumeS nagnukud sata utasrep utas naktubes uka tapad

ini ispirks nasilunep malad nakirebid halet gnay .

malad nagnarukek nad nahalasek kaynab hisam iradaynem siluneP

gnay naras nad kitirk nakparahgnem silunep ,uti anerak helO .ini ispirks

i ispirks raga nugnabmem ini ispirks agomes naD .kiab hibel idajnem in

.aynitsem anamiagabes taafnamreb tapad

3102 iraurbeF 52 ,atrakaygoY

,siluneP

itutsaiwD itseR


iiix

ISI RATFAD

NAMALAH LUDUJ ................................ ................................ ...................... i

GNIBMIBMEP NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH ................................ ............... ii

MALAH NAHASEGNEP NA ................................ ................................ ......... iii

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP ................................ .......................... vi

ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP ................................ ............. v

OTOM ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ iv

NAHABMESREP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ...... iiv

KARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... iiiv

TCARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ... xi

RATNAGNEP ATAK ................................ ................................ .................... x

ISI RATFAD ................................ ................................ ................................ .. iix i

NAULUHADNEP I BAB ................................ ................................ .............. 1

.A gnakaleB rataL halasaM ................................ ................................ 1

.B halasaM nasumuR ................................ ................................ .......... 7

.C halasaM nasataB ................................ ................................ ............ 7

.D naitileneP naujuT ................................ ................................ ........... 8

.E naitileneP taafnaM ................................ ................................ .......... 8

IROET NASADNAL II BAB ................................ ................................ ........ 01

.A naahasuariweK ................................ ................................ .............. 01

.1 naahasuariweK naitregneP ................................ ......................... 01

.2 naahasuariweK pakiS nad awiJ ................................ ................... 01

.3 ahasuariW nareP nad isgnuF ................................ ...................... 11

.B itiD ahasuariW ayngnitneP nakididneP nanayaleP igeS iraD uajn ... 21


vix

.1 nakididnep isgnuf nad naujut gnatnet nauajniT ........................... 21

.2 aisunam naklisahgnem malad lamrof nakididnep naupmameK -

ahasuariw aisunam ................................ ................................ ..... 31

.C awsiS rajaleB isatserP ................................ ................................ .... 41

.D rotkaF - jaleB isatserP ihuragnepmeM gnay rotkaf ra ......................... 51

.1 lanretnI rotkaF ................................ ................................ ........... 71

.2 lanretnI rotkaF ................................ ................................ ........... 81

.E rajaleB isavitoM ................................ ................................ ............. 81

.1 isavitoM naitregneP ................................ ................................ ... 81

.2 sineJ - isavitoM sinej ................................ ................................ .... 91

.F husA auT gnarO aloP nareP ................................ ........................... 22

.G kanA awiJ nugnabmeM malaD auT gnarO fitkefE araC ................. 92

.H auT gnarO igreniS ................................ ................................ ......... 13

I . taniM ................................ ................................ ............................... 33

.J rotkaF - ahasuariwreB kutnU taniM ihuragnepmeM gnay rotkaf ....... 43

.K uluhadreT naitileneP lisaH ................................ ............................. 53

.L rikifreB akgnareK ................................ ................................ .......... 63

.M sisetopiH ................................ ................................ ........................ 73

NAITILENEP EDOTEM III BAB ................................ ................................ .. 83

.A naitileneP sineJ ................................ ................................ .............. 83

.B naitileneP isakoL ................................ ................................ ............ 83

.C ejbO nad kejbuS naitileneP k ................................ .......................... 93

.D lepmaS nalibmagneP kinkeT nad lepmaS ,isalupoP ....................... 93

.1 isalupoP ................................ ................................ ..................... 93

.2 lepmaS ................................ ................................ ....................... 04


vx

.3 lepmaS nalibmagneP kinkeT ................................ ....................... 14

.E lanoisarepO isinifeD nad lebairaV ................................ ................. 24

.F ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT ................................ ............................. 34

.G satilibaileR nad satidilaV ijU ................................ .......................... 54

.H ataD sisilanA kinkeT ................................ ................................ ...... 05

.1 kisalK ismusA ijU ................................ ................................ ...... 05

.2 adnagreB sisilanA ................................ ................................ ...... 25

VI BAB ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 65

.A kopeD 1 iregeN KMS harajeS ................................ ....................... 65

.B kopeD 1 iregeN KMS nakididneP nautaS naujuT nad ,isiM ,isiV ... 75

.C kopeD 1 iregeN KMS nakididneP metsiS ................................ ....... 85

.D KMS mulukir4uK kopeD 1 iregeN ................................ ................ 95

.E kopeD 1 iregeN KMS awsiS ataD ................................ .................. 16

.F kopeD 1 N KMS kisiF nanugnaB ................................ ................... 26

.G kopeD 1 iregeN KMS rajagneM rajaleB sesorP ............................. 46

.H nakididneP satilisaF ................................ ................................ ....... 56

.I nareP - halokeS id awsiS ajreniK tapaD gnay narep ........................... 66

.J lebmeP gnatneT salikeS naahasuariweK naraja ................................ 76

V BAB ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 17

.A ahasuariwreb taniM ispirkseD ................................ ........................ 17

.B naitileneP lebairaV lisaH ispirkseD ................................ ................ 47

.1 awsiS isavitoM gnatneT ataD ispirkseD ................................ .... 47

.2 awsiS rajaleB isatserP gnatneT ataD ispirkseD .......................... 67

.3 rO husA aloP gnatneT ataD ispirkseD auT gna .......................... 77

.4 rajaleB taniM gnatneT ataD ispirkseD ................................ ...... 97


ivx

.C ataD sisilanA ................................ ................................ ................. 18

.D F ijU ................................ ................................ ............................... 78

.E adnagreB isergeR sisilanA ................................ ............................. 98

.F nahabmeP ................................ ................................ ....................... 19

putuneP IV ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 59

.A nalupmiseK ................................ ................................ ................... 59

.B naitileneP nasatabreteK ................................ ................................ ... 69

.C naraS ................................ ................................ ............................. 69

AKATSUP RATFAD ................................ ................................ ..................... 89

NARIPMAL


iivx

LEBAT RATFAD

III lebaT awsiS ataD 1 - kopeD 1 NKMS iwsiS ................................ ............... 93

isiK 2.III lebaT - renoiseuK nanusuyneP isik ................................ ................... 34

trekiL alakS nakrasadreB gnirokS 3.III lebaT ................................ ................. 54

naitileneP lebairaV satidilaV ijU namukgnaR 4.III lebaT ............................... 74

1.VI lebaT wsiS ataD kopeD 1 NKMS a ................................ ......................... 16

nimaleK sineJ nakrasadreB nednopseR satitnedI 1.V lebaT ............................ 17

nasuruJ nakrasadreB nednopseR satitnedI 2.V lebaT ................................ ....... 27

laggniT tapmet lasA nakrasadreB nenopseR satitnedI 3.V lebaT .................... 27

ataR ialiN nakrasadreB nednopseR satitnedI 4.V lebaT -R narajaleP ataM ata

2102/1102 nuhaT naahasuariweK ................................ ................. 37

awsiS rajaleB isavitoM naialineP 5.V lebaT ................................ ................... 47

rajaleB lisaH naialineP 6.V lebaT ................................ ................................ ... 67

auT gnarO husA aloP naialineP 7.V lebaT ................................ ...................... 77

rajaleB taniM naialineP 8.V lebaT ................................ ................................ . 97

ijU nasutupeK narutA 9.V lebaT isalerokotuA ................................ ............... 28

)nostaW nibruD( awsiS taniM isalerokotuA ijU lisaH 01.V lebaT ................... 38

11.V lebaT ahasuraiwreb awsis tanim satisitsadeksoreteH ijU lisaH

)knaR namraepS ( ................................ ................................ ......... 58

21.V lebaT ahasuariwreB awsiS taniM satireinilokitluM ijU lisaH ................. 78

A 31.V lebaT avon ................................ ................................ .......................... 88

41.V lebaT awsiS taniM kutnu adnagreB reiniL naamasreP ............................ 98


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.A halasaM gnakaleB rataL

amatrep retsemes adap aisenodnI id naajrekaganetek naadaeK

aynada nakkujnunem 1102 nuhat nagned nakrabmagid gnay nakiabrep tikides

atres ,ajrekeb gnay kududnep kopmolek natakgninep aynada nanurunep

uggnagnep takgnit .nar ajrek natakgna halmuj ,1102 iraurbeF nalub adaP

atuj 9,2 rasebes kian gnaro atuj 4,911 iapacnem naadaek gnidnabid gnaro

.0102 iraurbeF naadaek gnidnabid gnaro atuj 4,3 kian nad 0102 sutsugA

,3 rasebes habmatreb 1102 iraurbeF adap ajrekeb gnay kududneP gnaro atuj 1

naadaek gnidnabid gnidnabid gnaro atuj 9,3 habmatreb nad ,0102 sutsugA

.ulal gnay nuhates naadaek ( moc.swenamir.www ) m adap SPB yevrus turune

j 7,7 tatacret aisenodnI id naruggnagnep takgnit ,1102 sutsugA .gnaro atu

1102 iraurbeF adap inkay ,aynmulebes yevrus lisah irad nurunem ini akgnA

gnaro atuj 21,8 rasebes . nanurunep atres ajrek aganet halmuj natakgnineP

nakkianem halet naruggnagnep akgna ajreK natakgnA isapisitraP takgniT

es nesrep 31,2 rasebes )KAPT( .rihkaret nuhat utas edoirep amal nairetnemeK

nahubmutrep naktegranem )poknemeK( hagneneM liceK ahasU nad isarepoK

%2 rasebes laedi halmuj iuapmalem naka naped nuhat aisenodnI ahasuariw

56.821.6 uata %5,2 akgna submenem inkay ,kududnep isalupop halmuj irad 5

.gnaro


2

ahasuariw nahubmutrep ,)SPB( kitsitatS tasuP nadaB atad nakrasadreB“

uata %65,1 inkay ,%2 rasebes laedi akgna itakednem ripmah aisenodnI

anerak ,iapacret asib nakarikrep imak tubesret tegraT .gnaro 502.707.3

poknemeK irad gnukudnep margorp kaynab ahasuariw nakatpicnem kutnu -

,urab ahasuariw

paites takgninem ulales aisenodnI id naruggnagnep akgna halmuJ

nagned naktiakid ulales tubesret naruggnagnep akgna natakgnineP .aynnuhat

nolac kudorpmem gnay agabmel ukales )nakididnep agabmel( halokes - nolac

net idajnem )urug ,halokeS alapeK( halokeS alolegnep araP .tubesret ajrek aga

nakhab ,isitilop ,nakididnep tamagnep uti kiab kahip aumes natoros

natamat naklisahgnem tapad kadit paggnaid anerak iridnes hatniremep -

idajret naruggnagneP .satilaukreb gnay natamat naajrekep nagnapal anerak

uata ,ada gnay ajrek natakgna halmuj gnupmanem upmam kadit aidesret gnay

nagned gnidnabes kadit ajrek aganet nahabmatrep ujal nial atak nagned

.naajrekep nagnapal nahubmutrep

isasilaminimem kutnu kididnep agabmel iagabes halokeS

naahasuariweK nakididneP nakirebmem halada tubesret naruggnagnep

( pihsruenerpertne iggnit gnay tirips lakeb ikilimem awsis arap aggniheS .)

gnaulep naktaafnamem upmam nad okiser gnuggnanem inareb ,iridnam utiay

hadum kadit awij ikilimem atres nupapa licekes halokeS iD .hareynem

id rutkurtsret hadus naahasuariwek nakididneP )KMS( naurujeK hagneneM

lanoisaN nakididneP nemetrapeD nakhaB .9991 nuhat kajes mulukiruk malad

utaus nakrucnulem naurujeK hagneneM nakididneP tarotkeriD iulalem


3

rgorP utiay susuhk margorp nakgnabmekid ini margorP .ahasuariW saleK ma

gnisam aynnailhaek margorp nagned iauses KMS id - aggniheS .gnisam

gnisam - idajnem gnay nailhaek margorp hilimem tapad halokes gnisam

isnetop nakgnabmegnem kutnu naknikgnumem gnilap gnay naluggnu

P .awsis ahasuariw anakene ahasuariw salek margorp amatu n

( pihsruenerpertne ) nakgnabmegnem nad nugnabmem sesorp adap halada ini

utaus inukenem rajaleb KMS awsis arap aynmalad id anamid ahasuariw awij

nakumenem ,halasam isatagnem ,iridnes ahasu alolegnem nagned ahasu sinej

ik ta - ini margorp malaD .fititepmok araces seskus hiarem ahasu malad taik

abocnem nad gnacnarem ,ahasu gnaulep tahilem inareb kutnu gnorod id awsis

kutnU .aynnugnabid nigni gnay ahasu sinej utauses nakisasilaerem

awsis ,ahasu gnadib nugnabmem malad aynnasagag helo anibid nad hitalid

kap nupuam isitkarp aganet uata urug arap gnadib id namalagnepreb gnay ra

naahasuariwek .

( naahasuariwek nakididneP pihsruenerpertne ) aguj ulrep ini

iapmas nakhab nad AMS ,PMS ,DS irad ialum nakgnabmekid aynarik

apA .iggniT naurugreP nakididneP nautaS takgniT mulukiruK nagned igal

)PSTK( ,ini gnarakes iakapid gnay iridnes nusuynem tapad halokes

gnisam nahutubek nagned iauses aynmulukiruk - tagnas akam ,gnisam

akididnep ilakes naknikgnumem naahasuariwek n .aynmalad id nakisargetniid

malaD tubesret pihsruenerpertne/naahasuariwek nakididnep aynnaanaskalep

ataigek iulalem uata lakol nataum narajalep malad ek nakkusamid asib n-

.relukiruk artske nataigek ialum hadus atrakaygoY kopeD 1 NKMS


4

is ataynreT .tubesret naahasuariwek nakididnep nakparenem aws - aynawsis

ynitukignem kutnu ilakes saisutna tagnas naasuariwek nakididnep anerak a

( pihsruenerpertne ) naupmamek nakgnabmegnem tapad tubesret slliks tfos

.akerem

paretid nagneD naahasuariwek nakididnep aynnak halokes id -

tapadnem aynawsis arap akam ,halokes pukuc gnay nauhategnep lakeb nak

naka akam ,lisahreb ini naahasuariwek nakididnep akiJ .ahasuariwreb gnatnet

nawahasuariw lucnum - natapmesek nakirebmem gnay urab nawahasuariw

.ajrek aganet kaynab pareynem tapad aggnihes nial gnaro adapek ajrek

ikimed nagneD akgna ignarugnem tapad naka gnusgnal kadit araces akam na

nad nakgnabmegnem malad hatniremep utnabmem nad naruggnagnep

aragen akam ujam aragen idajnem kutnU .aragen naimonokerep taukrepmem

nawahasuariw nakrihalem kaynab surah atik - babes ,urab nawahasuariw

nawahasuariw nesrep aud ikilimem alibapa ujam nakatakid aragen haubes

11 ratikes tapadret ,aynlasim ,takireS akiremA iD .aynkududnep halmuj irad

nad ,nesrep 7 ratikes ,arupagniS ,kududnep halmuj irad nawahasuariw nesrep

.nesrep 81,0 ratikes urab aisenodnI ayntaas hadus akam uti babes helO

halokes - nakididnep nakmananem ialum naurujeK halokeS susuhkret halokes

awsis adapek inid kajes pihsruenerpertne uata naahasuariwek - aynawsis

nawahasuariw rihal kaynab naka itnan aggnihes - gnay adum nawahasuariw

m nad huggnat tubid tagnas gnay iridna .aisenodnI nugnabmem kutnu nakhu


5

halasaM akerem kana gnatnet aut gnaro nakhulekid ulales gnay

nakaes - nagnabmekrep nad nahubmutrep faraT .rihkareb hanrep kadit naka

kadit ukalirep nahabureP .kana irid adap nahaburep nakidajnem halet naka

adnat nakkujnunem kadit kana alibapa aut gnaro igab halasam idajnem

gnay adnat nakkujnunem halet kana alibapa ,ipatet nakA .nagnapmiynep

.aut gnaro naigabes igab samec taubmem naka fitagen lah ek haragnem

miynem gnay kana ukalirep padahret nanagnaneP naajrekep nakapurem gnap

.nakididnep nad awij umli gnatnet susuhk nauhategnep nakulremem gnay

nakparetid tapad gnay husa alop iagabreb nakparenem ajas tapad aut gnarO

alop alibapA .agraulek napudihek malad - aut gnaro nakparetid gnay alop

a gnay akam ,urilek naka nakhab ,kiab gnay ukalirep aynnakub idajret nak

.kana ukalirep kurub habmatrepmem gnudnakret kana husagnem malad iD

nahital kutnebmem ,nutnas napos ,nakididnep alup - bawaj gnuggnat nahital

nerak ,gnitnep tagnas aut gnaro nanarep inis iD .ayniagabes nad araces a

kutnebmem naka aynnakadnit iulalem aut gnaro kadit nupuata gnusgnal

.irah naidumek id aynnakadnit atres kana pakis nakutnenem nad kana kataw

gnisaM - iridnesret husa alop ikilimem ajas utnet aut gnaro gnisam

ini laH .kana ukalirep nakharagnem malad ratal helo huragnepid tagnas

laisos naadaek ,pudih nairahacnep atam ,aut gnaro nakididnep gnakaleb

aut gnaro husa alop ,nial atak nagneD .ayniagabes nad ,tadaitsi tada ,imonoke

aut gnaro husa alop alup naikimeD .gnagadep nagned amas kadit inatep

ididnepreb gnay aut gnaro husa alop nagned adebreb hadner nak

,majek/sarek gnay alop nagned nakparenem gnay adA .iggnit nakididnepreb


6

hamel alop iakamem gnay alup ada ,numaN .naasarepreb kadit nad ,rasak

,retilim metsis iakamem gnay alup adA .gnayas hisak nad ,tubmel gnay

saget nakadnit nad namukuh irebid gnusgnal naka halasreb aynkana alibapa

macamreB .)retiroto alop( - ini aut gnaro nakparetid gnay husa alop macam

kutneb adap gnutnagreb tagnas - .kana ukalirep nagnapmiynep kutneb gnarO

t gnay husa alop hilimem tapad aut aut gnarO .aynkana igab laedi nad tape

igab kurub tabika awabmem naka husa alop nakparenem halas gnay

tapad nakparahid aut gnaro naparenep ajas utneT .kana awij nagnabmekrep

gnay husa alop nakparenem uata anaskajib gnay husa alop nakparenem

kadites - ynkadit kataw nad awij kasurem uata narucnahek awabmem kadit a

.kana gnaroes

iulaleM .aut gnaro nahusa hawab id gnabmekreb nad hubmut kanA

ainud lanegnem nad aynnagnukgnil nagned isatpadareb kana ,aut gnaro

nil id ukalreb gnay pudih naluagrep alop atres aynratikes inI .aynnagnukg

nakutnebmep igab amatrep rasad nakapurem aut gnaro helo nakbabesid

.kana idabirp


7

.B nasumuR M halasa

kutnu akam ,nahalasamrep gnakaleb ratal nakrasadreB

malad nakanahredesid ulrep ini naitilenep nasahabmep malad hadumrepmem

r kutneb haubes : utiay ,ada gnay halasam halasam nasumu

.1 ada hakapA nakifingis gnay isubirtnok adap padahret awsis isavitom tanim

IIX salek awsis kopeD 1 NKMS ?ahasuariwreb kutnu

.2 ada hakapA gnay isubirtnok nakifingis adap rajaleb isatserp awsis padahret

tanim salek awsis IIX ahasuariwreb kutnu kopeD 1 NKMS ?

.3 ada hakapA gnay isubirtnok nakifingis adap awsis aut gnaro husa alop

padahret tanim s iwreb kutnu kopeD 1 NKMS IIX salek awsi ?ahasuar

.C halasaM nasataB

halada itiletid gnay nahalasamreP kopeD 1 NKMS awsis

atrakaygoY kopeD 1 NKMS awsis ahasuariwreb tanim hilimem itileneP .

isnetepmok iaynupmem gnay awsis huaj aparebes tahilem nigni nakanerakid

kiratret hibel raga akerem gnorodnem nad ahasuariw malad nujret

.aynitnan ahasuariwreb alek nakpaisrepid ajagnes aguj KMS awsiS kutnu k

aganet idajnem reirak gnajnej iulalem kiab naajrekep nagnapal ikusamem

uata iridnes ahasureb ,iridnam idajnem nupuam hagnenem takgnit id ajrek

nalipmartek nagned ilakebid ulrep KMS awsis uti kutnU .atsawsariwreb -

artek adap haragnem gnay nalipmartek iridnam nad ajrek nalipm

.)atsawsariwreb(


8

.D naitileneP naujuT

p naujuT itilenep nakharagnem kutnu arac halada ini naitilene

nad salej araces nakujaid halet gnay halasam nasumur adap nakrasadreb idaj ,

u kutn ada hakapa iuhategnem isubirtnok ,isavitom tserp nad ,awsis rajaleb isa

aut gnaro husa alop IX salek awsis tanim padahret NKMS 1 D kutnu kope

ahasuariwreb .

.E naitileneP taafnaM

amaturet ,kahip aumes igab anugreb tapad nakparahid ini naitileneP

kahip igab - :ini tukireb kahip

.1 p igaB silune :

H aitilenep lisa iagabes ,nauhategnep habmanem kutnu anugreb tapad ini n

id iroet pakgnelep iagabes nakisakilpaid tapad aggnihes .hailuk ukgnab

.ahasuariwreb malad sitkarp hakgnal

.2 s igaB awsi :

B nagned ruabmem ,isasilaisosreb rajaleb kana hitalem tapad ahasuariwre

nagnukgnil sulul haletes idaJ .inid kajes takaraysam nad halokes akerem

nakhaB .takaraysam nad nagnukgnil nagned isatpadareb nahasusek kadit

.inid kajes isatpadareb upmam halet anerak igal isatpadareb ulrep kadit


9

.3 s igaB haloke :

P ad nad upmam nakparahid ini naitilene tap idajnem igab nakusam

malad satilauk naktakgninem kutnu rasad iagabes ,awsis nad halokes

.ahasuariwreb malad awsis nakrajagnem

.4 p igaB acabme :

S gnay acabmep helo naktaafnamid ini naitilenep irad lisah agome

uata naacab nahab iagabes kiab ,nagnitnepekreb nahabmat iagabes

fer e .isner


01

II BAB

IROET NASADNAL

.A naahasuariweK

.1 naitregneP K naahasuariwe

( naahasuariweK pihsruenerpertne nad fitaerk naupmamek halada )

iracnem kutnu ayad rebmus nad ,taik ,rasad nakidajid gnay fitavoni

rekcurD turunem naahasuariwek itnI .seskus ujunem gnaulep nayruS( ,a

3002 )31: nad urab gnay utauses nakatpicnem kutnu naupmamek halada

aynatpicret imed fitavoni nakadnit nad fitaerk narikimep iulalem adebreb

.gnaulep halada )ruenerpertne( ahasuariw ,ukalirep sitiretkarak iges iraD

egnem ,alolegnem ,nakiridnem gnay akerem nad ,nakgnabm

halada ahasuariW .iridnes kilim ahasu uata naahasurep nakagabmelem

nagned nial gnaro igab ajrek nagnapal nakatpicnem asaib gnay akerem

awhab ismusa gnudagnem ,sata id isinifed iraD .aynnakayadrebmem

nnarikip nad laka tahes gnay gnaro paites irajalepmem tapad ay

.ahasuariw gnaroes idajnem asib nad naahasuariwek

.2 naahasuariweK pakiS nad awiJ

gnaro helo nakukalid aynah fitavoni nad fitaerk sesorP - gnay gnaro

ikilimem gnay gnaro utiay ,fitavoni nad fitaerk naidabirpek ikilimem

ep nad ,pakis ,awij r ic nagned ,naahasuariwek ukali ir - hunep )1( :iric

,simitpo ,nanaikayek hunep halada aynrotakidni ,irid ayacrep


11

,fitaisini ikilimem )2( ;bawaj gnuggnat ,nilpisid ,nemtimokreb

)3( ;fitka nad ,kadnitreb malad natakec ,igrene hunep halada aynrotakidni

ikilimem lisah adap isatneiro sata iridret aynrotakidni ,isatserpreb fitom

aynrotakidni ,nanipmimepek awij ikilimem )4( ;naped ek nasawaw nad

;kadnitreb malad huggnat nad ,ayacrepid tapad ,adeb lipmat inareb halada

ihrep hunep nagned okiser libmagnem inareb )5( nad nad nagnut

.nagnatnat iakuynem

.3 ahasuariW narep nad isgnuF

,natakednep aud iulalem tahilid tapad ahasuariw narep nad isgnuF

aud ikilimem ahasuariw ,orkim araceS .orkam nad orkim araces utiay

( umenep iagabes utiay ,narep rotavonni ( anacnerep nad ) rennalp .)

gnay utauses nakatpicnem nad nakumenem ahasuariw ,umenep iagabeS

.ayniagabes nad ,isasinagro ,edi ,arac ,igolonket ,kudorp itrepes ,urab

ahasu nad nakadnit gnacnarem narepreb ahasuariw ,anacnerep iagabeS

ial nad ,urab gnay ahasu igetarts nakanacnerem ,urab n- araceS .nial

naataremep ,narumkamek nakatpicnem halada ahasuariw narep ,orkam

nisem iagabes isgnufreb gnay ajrek natapmesek nad ,naayakek

.arageN utaus naimonokerep nahubmutrep


21

.B nakididneP nanayaleP igeS iraD uajnitiD ahasuariW ayngnitneP

.1 net nauajniT nakididnep isgnuf nad naujut gnat

hurules nagnabmekrep utnabmem kutnu nakgnusgnalid nakididneP

tapad uti aisunam naikimed nagned aggnihes aisunam naidabirpek kepsa

iapacnem kutnU .arethajes gnay iridnes aynnapudihek nakahasugnem

nakididnep ,tubesret naujut raga nagnolotrep nakirebmem ahasureb

nakididnep uti kutnU .idabirp nagnabmekrep imalagnem aisunam

nahital nakirebmem - inamsaj atres ,isingok ,retkarak padahret nahital

idabirp nakdujuwem halada nakididnep naujuT .aisunam - upmam idabirp

iridnes irid gnolonem naikimed nagned aggnihes ,nial gnaro nupuata

halada nakididnep isgnuF .arethajes gnay aisunam napudihek haldujuwret

kepsa alages nagnabmekrep gnajnunem gnay isidnok nakirebmem

raga nagnolotrep iagabes halaynah nakididneP .aisunam naidabirpek

snetop nagned tapad aynrihka aisunam ,ada gy idabirp satisapak nad i

.nial gnaro naarethajesek sata bawajgnuggnatreb ,iridnam araces pudih

tapad akam ,tubesret nakididnep isgnuf atres naujut irad uajnitiD

em halet nakididneP .ahasuariw ayngnitnep itra naka naklupmiynem idajn

bawajgnuggnat idajnem aguj uti gnipmas id nad ,gnitnep nahutubek

kiab akam ,arethajes napudihek nakdujuwem tapad aisunam ragA .aisunam

aynkadneh nakididnep helorepmem gnay nupuam nakirebmem gnay

ed ahasuariw gnatnet namahamep atres nagnadnap ikilimem ayniapacret im

aisunam nadujuwrep awhab nial atak nagneD .nakididnep rihka naujut

.nakididnep naujut naiapacnep gnajnunem ahasuariw


31

.2 aisunam naklisahgnem malad lamrof nakididnep naupmameK - aisunam

ahasuariw

et atik iregen id takaraysam atoggna raseb naigabeS tapadret hal

naradasek nakididnep ayngnitnep padahret nakdujuwem ahasu malad

jeseK .arethajes hibel pudih a aynah iapacid tapad kadit pudih naareth

.kiab bisan nakparahgnem nad uggnunem libmas nagnat ukapreb nagned

b iulalem iapacid surah pudih naarethajeseK gnay naajrekeP .ajreke

itrareb gnay utauses naklisahgnem utnet muleb aisunam nakanaskalid

idajnem aisunam naajrekep ragA .arethajes napudihek nadujuwrep igab

.rajaleb kaynab surah aisunam ,fitkefe

atic iapacnem akgnar malaD - bmolreb gnaro kaynab ,pudih atic a-

halokes id nakidididnep hupmenem abmol - kutnU .lamrof halokes

halokes iracnem aisunam ,pudih naarethajesek iapacnem - nad halokes

hibel gnay lamrof nakididnep takgnitek iapmas narajagnep helorepmem

haletes lahadaP .nanabrognep kaynab iatresid nagned iggnit tamat

hasileg naigabeS .urab nahalasamrep nagned igal napadahreb ,halokes

hibel gnay takgnit ek iduts naktujnalem tapad kutnu hayap hasusreb nad

apa kutnu gnatnet salej gnay nagnayab iaynupmem apnat iggnit

nial gnay naigabeS .aynitnan uti iduts natujnalek natilusek ipadahgnem

anas ek naajrekep ramalem nagned naajrekep helorepmem ahasu malad

nad ,naajrekep helorepmem lisahreb gnay tikides aynah numan ,iram ek

atres tanim ,takab nagned iauses utnet muleb nuputi naajrekep

em tapad kadit aguj atiK .aynnaupmamek naataynek padahret atam putun


41

nakididnep natamat/nasulul raseb naigabes irad idabirp utum gnatnet

iaseles taas lamrof nakididnep natamat/nasulul arap nakaynabeK .lamrof

iracnem kutnu aynah naajrekep iracnem ayapureb kutnu gnurednec iduts

segnem nagned gnau .ikilimid gnay nailhaek nad naupmamek nakgnipma

upmam nad uam gnay lamrof nakididnep natamat arap gnaraJ

iridnes irid igab kiab ,naajrekep nakgnabmegnem nad nakatpicnem

nataigek kutnu nupuata ,nial gnaro igab nupuam - .ahasuariw nataigek

.C rajaleB isatserP iS aws

nahaburep utaus imalagnem awsis ,rajagnem rajaleb sesorp malaD

aynadA .pakis nad nalipmaretek ,namahamep ,nauhategnep gnadib malad

helo naklisahid gnay awsis rajaleb isatserp irad tahilid tapad ini nahaburep

nagnalu laos nakajregnem nataigek irad awsis gnay sagut nakajregnem nad

inkay atak aud gnudnagnem rajaleb isatserp ataK .urug helo nakirebid

nupmem gnay ”rajaleb“ nad “ isatserp“ ti anerak helO .adebreb itra iay u

naksalejid uti atak audek aynkiab ada ”rajaleb isatserp“ naitregnep mulebes

utas aynitra .utasrep

itkub utas halas nakapurem awsis helorepid gnay rajaleb isatserP

okesid awsis rajaleb nalisahrebek nakkujnunem gnay isatserp ianegneM .hal

,rajaleb )3;4891( lekniW itkub nakapurem rajaleb isatserp awhab nakatagnem

eb nakgnadeS .iapacid gnay ahasu utaus iagabes nakitraid iridnes rajal

urab naupmamek ayntapadid nagned nahaburep naklisahgnem gnay sativitka

.helorepid gnay


51

halada isatserp awhab nakataynem ,)12:4991( haramajD turuneM

gnay dirum naujamek nad nagnabmekrep gnatnet nakididnep naialinep

kreb akerem adapek nakijasid gnay narajalep nahab naasaugnep nagned naane

ialin nad - .mulukiruk malad id tapadret gnay ialin

akgna dujuw malad rajaleb isatserP - irad helorepid gnay akgna

sagut ,naiju ,nagnalu - rajaleb isatserp irad narukugnep lisah nakapurem sagut .

iapacid gnay isatserp hadner iggnit rukugnem kutnu ,namalagnep turuneM

halokes id narajalep itukignem malad awsis .ropar ialin nakanugid naiaru iraD

id tapadnep nakapurem rajaleb isatserp awhab naklupmisid haltapad sata

ad ,iapacid halet gnay lisah utaus ialin nagned nakkujnutid mizal n - gnay ialin

.utnetret asam malad tapadid nad ropar malad mutnacret

.D rotkaF - rajaleB isatserP ihuragnepmeM gnay rotkaf

radas nakhab nad lanekid halet gnay nataigek utaus halada rajaleB

kutnu aisunam nakukalid helob kadit uata nauhategnep nakgnabmegnem

ukalirep alop malad nahaburep aynada nagneD .lah kaynab gnatnet aynirid

nakapurem ini rajaleb sesorP .rajaleb idajret halet nakadnanem gnay halini

.raul id nakiskasid tapad kadit gnay latnem nataigek

B sesorp utaus iagabes rajale malad patet fitaler gnay nahaburep

nial ilha turunem nakgnadeS .namalagnep irad lisah iagabes udividni ukalirep

aynada nagned iadnatid gnay sesorp utaus halada rajaleb ” awhab naktubesid

bureP .)5:3002,otnawruP( ” gnaroeses irid adap ukal hakgnit nahaburep naha

itrepes kutneb iagabreb malad nakkujnutid tapad rajaleb sesorp lisah iagabes


61

,napakacek ,nalipmaretek ,ukal hakgnit nad pakis ,namahamep ,nauhategnep

kepsa atres - nakrasadreB .rajaleb gnay udividni malad ada gnay nial kepsa

ed gnatnet tapadnep aparebeb awhab naklupmisid tapad tubesret rajaleb isinif

anam id udividni nakukalid gnay radas ahasu sesorp utaus halada rajaleb

)namahamep nad nauhategnep malad( ukal hakgnit nahaburep naklisahgnem

.lah utaus gnatnet

da rajaleb isatserp )77 :3891( higgniS turuneM lisah hala

ahasu nakanaskalem haletes gnaroeses helo iapacid gnay mumiskam - ahasu

lisah halada rajaleb isatserp )09 :0002( rawzA turunem nakgnadeS .rajaleb

iretam iasaugnem malad gnaroeses lamiskam - .nakrajaid halet gnay iretam

52 :2002( onoijduM nad itaymiD iagabes rajaleb lisah nakisinifednem )1

arp taas adap nakgnidnabid kiab hibel gnay latnem nagnabmekrep takgnit -

nahab nagned tiakret tubesret latnem nagnabmekrep takgniT .rajaleb

sinej adap dujuwret tubesret latnem nagnabmekrep takgniT .narajalep - sinej

anar rajaleb isatserp nial atak nagneD .rotomokisp nad ,fitkefa ,fitingok h

kepsa itupilem gnay kidid atresep padahret narukugnep irad lisah halada

rajagnem rajaleb sesorp itukignem haletes rotomokisp nad fitkefa ,fitingok

emurtni nakanuggnem nagned rukuid gnay gnay nial nemurtsni uata set n

.naveler

isatserp awhab naklupmisid tapad sataid tapadnep aparebeb iraD

,nauhategnep apureb ,awsis iapacid halet gnay lisah halada rajaleb

sesorp imalagnem tubesret awsis haletes pakis nahaburep nad ,nalipmaretek

neP .rajaleb lisah naialinep nagned nakukalid tapad rajaleb isatserp narukug


71

libmagnem kutnu sesorp utaus halada naialineP .huruleynem araces rajaleb

iulalem helorepid gnay isamrofni nakanuggnem nagned nasutupek

set nemurtsni iulalem gnay kiab rajaleb lisah narukugnep .set non nupuam

naruku turunem rukuid rajaleb lisaH - urug helo nakutnetid hadus gnay naruku

.halokes nad

naujamek ialinem )1( :kutnu nakanugid tapad rajaleb lisah seT

halasam iracnem )2( nad rajaleb - aynnarilig adap gnay rajaleb malad halasam

iakapid tapad nad itaymiD( narajalebmep sesorp ikiabrepmem kutnu

.)952 :2002 ,onoijduM F rajaleb isatserp uata lisah ihuragnepmem gnay rotka

rotkaf audeK .lanretske rotkaf nad lanretni rotkaf utiay ,kopmolek aud malad

dni rajaleb sesorp malad ihuragnepmem gnilas tubesret aggnihes udivi

.rajaleb lisah satilauk nakutnenem

.1 lanretni rotkaF

rotkaf halada lanretni rotkaF - irid malad irad lasareb gnay rotkaf

lanretni rotkaF .udividni rajaleb lisah ihuragnepmem tapad nad udividni

kaF .sigolokisp nad sigoloisif rotkaf itupilem ini gnay halada sigoloisif rot

halada amatu gnay sigolokisp rotkaF .kisif isidnok nagned nagnubuhreb

nretni rotkaF .takab nad ,pakis ,tanim ,isavitom ,awsis nasadrecek

padahret pakis )3( ,rajaleb isartnesnok )2( ,rajaleb isavitom )1( :itupilem

ek )4( ,rajaleb naupmamek )5( ,rajaleb nahab halognem naupmam

lisah ilaggnem naupmamek )6( ,rajaleb lisah nahelorep napmiynem

lisah kujnu uata isatserpreb naupmamek )7( ,napmisret gnay rajaleb


81

naasaibek )01( ,aisnegeletni )9( ,awsis irid ayacrep asar )8( ,rajaleb

,rajaleb atic )11( nad - .)062 :2002 ,onoijduM nad itaymiD( awsis atic

.2 lanretske rotkaF

nagnukgnil utiay aud idajnem nakgnologid tapad lanretske rotkaF

nagnukgnil itupilem laisos nagnukgniL .laisos non nagnukgnil nad laisos

.agraulek nad ,takaraysam ,halokes laicos itupilem laisos non nagnukgniL

rotkaf nad ,gnaret gnay ranis uata rages aradu itrepes haimala nagnukgnil

tala ,halokes gnudeg itrepes rajaleb takgnarep utiay latnemurtsni - tala

nial nad ,narajalebmep ledom ,ukub ,halokes narutarep ,mulukiruk ,rajaleb

gabes )2( ,rajaleb anibmep iagabes urug )1( :itupilem nretske rotkaF .aynia

nagnukgnil )4( ,naialinep nakajibek )3( ,narajalebmep anaras nad anarasarp

ledom )6( halokes mulukiruk )5( nad ,halokes id awsis laicos

.)062 :2002 ,onoijduM nad itaymiD( naarajalebmep

.E rajaleB isavitoM

.1 isavitoM naitregneP

“ atak irad lasareb isavitom halitsI erevom itrareb gnay ”

kutnu iradasid gnay ahasu utaus halada isavitoM .”nakkaregnem“

ai raga gnaroeses ukal hakgnit agajnem nad nakharagnem nakkareggnem

s kadnitreb kutnu gnorodret naujut uata lisah iapacnem tapad aggnihe

.)0991 ,otnawruP( utnetret


91

gnay halasam aparebeb aratna id utas halas halada isavitoM

.halokes id narajalebmep sesorp malad awsis nad urug helo ipadahid

s irid malad lativ tagnas gnay nretni kepsa halada isavitoM ayajnaS .awsi

tagnas gnay kepsa halada isavitom awhab nakakumegnem )531 :8002(

nikgnum kadit ,isavitom aynada apnaT .awsis narajalebmep kutnu gnitnep

naktikgnabmem ,uti anerak helO .rajaleb kutnu nauamek ikilimem awsis

d narep utas halas nakapurem isavitom sesorp paites malad urug sagut na

.narajalebmep

naknikgnumem gnay nagnorod iagabes nakitraid tapad isavitoM

aynah uti nagnoroD .utauses nakukalem uata kadnitreb kutnu awsis

( nakhutubmem asarem gnay awsis irid malad lucnum nikgnum deen .)

sarem gnay awsiS kutnu ayniridnes nagned karegreb naka hutub a

naktikgnabmem akgnar malad uti babes helO .aynnahutubek ihunemem

nad namalagnep ayngnitnep nakkujnunem tapad surah urug ,isavitom

rajaleb naka awsis naikimed nagned ,awsis napudihek igab rajaleb iretam

ah nakub ipatet naka naijup uata ialin helorepmem kutnu radekes ayn

.aynnahutubek ihunemem kutnu nanigniek helo gnorodid

.2 sineJ - isavitoM sineJ

alup tapad nad udividni irid malad irad lubmit tapad isavitoM

lubmit gnay isavitoM .aynirid raul huragnep tabika lubmit irid malad irad

irad lubmit gnay isavitom nakgnades ,kisnirtni isavitom iagabes tubesid

.kisnirtske isavitom iagabes tubesid raul


02

)a kisnirtnI isavitoM

udividni irid malad irad tabika iagabes lubmit ini isavitom sineJ

irad nagnorod naaskap ada apnat iridnes nauamek sata ipatet ,nial gnaro

umli helorepmem nigni anerak rajaleb uam kana aynlasiM .iridnes

nad asgnab ,asun igab anugreb gnaro idajnem nigni nad nauhategnep

.nial gnaro irad nahurus ada apnat rajaleb nijar ai ,uti anerak helO .aragen

gnay tukireB ret rajaleb kutnu kisnirtni isavitom malad kusam

:halada nial aratna

)1 .saul hibel gnay ainud ikidileynem nigni nad uhat nigni nagnoroD

)2 nad aisunam adap ada gnay fitaerk nad fitisop tafis aynadA

ujam kutnu nanigniek

)3 nihes isatserp iapacnem kutnu nanigniek aynadA naktapadnem agg

gnaro irad nagnukud - ,urug ,aut gnaro aynlasim ,gnitnep gnaro

.namet

)4 gnay nauhategnep uata umli iasaugnem kutnu nahutubek aynadA

nial nad ,aynirid igab anugreb - .nial

)b kisnirtskE isavitoM

ul irad gnatad gnay rotkaf halada kisnirtske isavitoM irid ra

sineJ .rajaleb kutnu nauamek padahret huragnep irebmem ipatet udividni

aynada anerak hakapa ,udividni tabika iagabes lubmit ini isavitom

isidnok nagned aggnihes nial gnaro irad naaskap uata ,nahurus ,nakaja

s nakukalem uam ai aynrihka naikimed gnay .rajaleb uata utause


12

raga aynaut gnaro helo hurusid ai anerak rajaleb uam gnaroeses aynlasiM

nial kisnirtske isavitoM .aynsalek id amatrep takgnirep tapadnem

ledom naiakamep ,urug nadalet ,bitret atat ,narutarep ,naijup aynlasim

abes nial nad ,narajalebmep .ayniag

iagabes urug helo iakapid tapad narajalebmep ledom iagabreB

ledoM .awsis rajaleb isavitom naktakgninem kutnu arac utas halas

gnay narajalebmep ledom utas halas nakapurem fitarepook narajalebmep

takgninem uata naktikgnabmem kutnu naktaafnamid tapad isavitom nak

naruta ikilimem ini narajalebmep ledoM .awsis rajaleb - sugilakes naruta

kutnu awsis isavitom naktakgninem tapad gnay naagrahgnep aguj

nairebmeP .amasreb araces nakpatetid anerak tubesret naruta itukignem

aguj kiabret kopmolek kutnu naagrahgnep naktakgninem upmam

nataigek malad isapisitrapreb atres tuki kutnu awsis isavitom

utas malad namet amases nagned utnabmem gnilas ,narajalebmep

nad kiabret kopmolek idajnem tapad aynkopmolek raga kopmolek

.naagrahgnep helorepmem

( lekniW 4891 akataynem )502 : tapad urug awhab n

lanoisavitom ayad gnudnagnem gnay anaras iagabreb nakanugrepmem

,naijup itrepes nakparetid ajagnes nagned gnay anaras adA .kisnirtske

gnay anaras alup adA .namukuh nupuam lairetam haidah ,naagrahgnep

anoisavitom ayad gnudnagnem iuhatekid l, gnusgnal kadit nupiksem

lekniW .kiab gnay ialin nairebmep aynlasim ,uti kutnu nakanacnerid


22

( 4891 : isavitom naktikgnabmem kutnu arac aparebeb naknaraynem )502

.tukireb iagabes kisnirtske

)1 awsis raga naujutreb gnay kiab fitnesni iagabreb nakanuggneM

trepmem nairebmep itrepes tapet gnay ukalirep naknaha

gnay ukalirep nakitnehgnem kutnu fitnesni nupuam naagrahgnep

.namukuh nairebmep aynlasim tapet kadit

)2 naajrekep nad nagnalu naajrekep nakilabmegnem nad iskerogneM

ok iatresid ,nikgnum takgnises utkaw malad hamur kifiseps ratnem

.tubesret nagnalu lisah ianegnem

)3 malad nagniasrep uata isitepmok kutneb iagabreb nakanuggneM

.fitarepook rajaleb nataigek nagned isanibmok

.F auT gnarO husA aloP nareP

idajnem aut gnaro husa alop kutneb igabmem )79:4002( oyiraD

,tapme utiay :

.1 retirotO husA aloP )detneiro tnerap(

iriC - aut gnaro naruta alages naknakenem ,ini husa alop irad irc

anemes kadnitreb aut gnarO .kana helo itaatid surah - tapad apnat ,anem

hatnabmem helob kadit nad turunem surah kanA .kana helo lortnokid

ay apa padahret kana ,ini lah malaD .aut gnaro helo nakhatnirepid gn

haloes - kadit tukat asarem ,fitaisini gnaruk ai aggnihes ,”tobor“ idajem halo

isisid ipatet naluagrep malad rednim ,irid hadner ,samecnep ,irid ayacrep

d nakiralem uata ,lakan ,katnorebmem asib kana ,nial ,naataynek irad iri


32

gnay kana ,aynfitisop iges iraD .abokran nakanuggnem nagned aynlasim

inkay nilpisid idajnem naka gnurednec ,ini husa alop malad kididid

nakkujnunem uam aynah ai ,idaj asib ipatet nakA .narutarep itaatnem

ut gnaro napadah id nanilpisidek ,nial aracibreb aynitah malad lahadap ,a

.nial kadnitreb nad pakisreb kana ,aut gnaro gnakaleb id akitek aggnihes

idaJ .aut gnaro itah nakgnaneynem kutnu aynah atames aynnaujut uti laH

.umes gnay nahutapek nad nanilpisidek ikilimem gnurednec kana

.2 husA aloP fisimreP )deretnec nerdlihc(

id agraulek napatetek nad naruta alages inkay ,ini husa alop tafiS

.aut gnaro nakhelobrepid kana helo nakukalid gnay apA .kana nagnat

kadnitreb gnurednec kanA .kana nauamek alages iturunem aut gnarO

anemes - wagnep apnat , anem ajas apa nakukalem sabeb aI .aut gnaro nasa

naruta nagned nilpisid gnaruk kana ,nial fitagen isis iraD .naknigniid gnay -

nasabebek nakanuggnem upmam kana aliB .ukalreb gnay laisos naruta

nay gnaroes idajnem naka kana akam , bawaj gnuggnatreb araces tubesret g

.aynisasilautka nakdujuwem upmam nad fitaisini ,fitaerk ,iridnam

.3 sitarkomeD husA aloP

nasutupek utauS .rajajes kana nad aut gnaro aratna nakududeK

kanA .kahip haleb audek nakgnabmitrepmem nagned amasreb libmaid

a ,bawaj gnuggnatreb gnay nasabebek irebid helo nakukalid gnay apa aynitr

gnuggnatrepid tapad nad aut gnaro nasawagnep hawabid surah patet kana

anemes taubreb tapad kadit kana nad aut gnarO .larom araces nakbawaj -

nakbawaj gnuggnatrepmem kutnu hitalid naayacrepek irebid kanA .anem


42

aynnakadnit alages idajnem naka kana ,ini husa alop irad fitisop tabikA .

bawaj gnuggnatreb ,nial gnaro iayacrepmem gnay udividni gnaroes

nakadnit padahret - tabika numaN .rujuj ,kifanum kadit ,aynnakadnit

,aut gnaro satiroto naawabiwek gnorgnorem gnurednec naka kana ,fitagen

.aut gnaro nad kana nakgnabmitrepid surah utauses alages ualak

.4 lanoisutiS husA aloP

alop epit utas halas nakparenem kadit aut gnaro ini husa alop adaP

araces husa alop nakparenem aut gnaro nanikgnumek ipateT .utnetret husa

nakiausesid nad sewul ,lebiskelf gnay isidnok nad isautis nagned

.uti taas gnusgnalreb

colruoH turuneM malad k 111 : 6991( ahohT - nakakumegnem )211

: inkay ,aynkana padahret aut gnaro husa alop sinej agit ada

retirotO husA aloP .1

agned kana husagnem arac nagned iadnatid retiroto husa aloP n

naruta - ukalirepreb kutnu kana askamem ilakgnires ,tatek gnay naruta

irid aman sata kadnitreb kutnu nasabebek ,)aut gnaro( aynirid itrepes

narikip rakutreb nad isakinumokreb kajaid gnaraj kanA .isatabid iridnes

awhab paggnagnem aut gnaro ,aut gnaro nagned hadus aynpakis aumes

gnay husa aloP .kana nagned nakgnabmitrepid ulrep kadit aggnihes raneb

,sarek gnay namukuh naanuggnep nagned iadnatid aguj retiroto tafisreb

alages rutaid aguj kana ,nadab namukuh nakanuggnem kaynab hibel

gnay naruta nagned naulrepek nakukalrebid patet hisam nad tatek

malad nakrasebid gnay kanA .asawed aisu kajnignem hadus nupiksem


52

ugar gnay tafis nagned raseb naka ini macames anasaus - hamel ,ugar

.ajas apa gnatnet nasutupek libmagnem puggnas kadit nad naidabirpek

itarkomeD husA aloP .2 s

aut gnaro naukagnep aynada nagned iadnatid sitarkomed husa aloP

ulales kadit kutnu natapmesek irebid kana ,kana naupmamek padahret

adapek nasabebek irebmem tikides aut gnarO .aut gnaro adap gnutnagret

ana ,aynirid igab kiabret gnay apa hilimem kutnu kana nakragnedid k

tukgnaynem gnay amaturet naaracibmep malad naktabilid ,ayntapadnep

kutnu natapmesek irebid kanA .iridnes uti kana napudihek nagned

hitalreb tikides imed tikides aggnihes aynlanretni lortnok nakgnabmegnem

es irid adapek bawaj gnuggnatreb kutnu irebid nad naktabilid kanA .iridn

.aynpudih rutagnem malad isapisitrapreb kutnu natapmesek

.3 husA aloP evisimreP

araces kana kididnem aut gnaro arac nagned iadnatid ini husa aloP

irebid ai ,adum uata asawed gnaro iagabes paggnaid kana ,sabeb

naraggnolek .ikadnehekid gnay ajas apa nakukalem kutnu aynsaulsaules

nakirebmem kadit aguj ,hamel tagnas kana padahret aut gnaro lortnoK

halet gnay apa aumeS .aynkana igab itrareb pukuc gnay nagnibmib

aruget naktapadnem ulrep kadit nad raneb halada kana helo nakukalid ,n

.nagnibmib uata nahara


62

72 :3002( aytesarP - aut gnaro husa alop kutneb igabmem )23

: utiay ,tapme idajnem

fitatirotua nahusagnep aloP .1

kutneb nagned amas ripmah ini nahusagnep alop aynmumu adaP

)6991( ahohT nad )4002( oyiraD helo sitarkomed husa alop lah numan

ianegnem nahabmat aynada utiay ini husa alop nakadebmem gnay

nakadnit helo isadnalid surah kana naped asam awhab namahamep -

kana nagnitnepek naksatiroirpmem aut gnarO .inik asam nakadnit

ugar kadit ,aynirid nagnitnepek nagned nakgnidnabid - em ugar nakiladnegn

aguj aut gnarO .kurub ukalirepreb kana alibapa rugenem inareb ,kana

ikilimem raga kana nahutubek nagned iauses kana ukalirep nakharagnem

nalipmartek nad nauhategnep ,pakis - irasadnem naka gnay nalipmartek

apudihek nad pudih ignuragnem kutnu kana .gnatadnem asam id n

retiroto nahusagnep aloP .2

kutnu kana tutnunem aut gnaro ,ini nahusagnep alop adaP

nakaynabeK .aut gnaro helo nakutnetid gnay kaltum radnats ihutamem

kana - nad isnetepmok ikilimem ini retiroto nahusagnep alop irad kana

uggnatreb pukuc irid kiranem gnurednec nakaynabek numan ,bawaj gn

.irid ayacrep gnaruk kapmat nad natnops gnaruk ,laisos araces


72

ajnamep uata rabaynep nahusagnep aloP .3

nahusagnep aloP gnem kadit aut gnaro ,ini ne kana ukalirep nakilad

agnabmekrep nahutubek nagned iauses hanrep kadit ,kana naidabirpek n

kanA .kana rugenem inareb kadit uata rugenem - alop nagned kana

kana nakgnidnabid fisnopser nad kigrene hibel gnurednec ini nahusagnep -

gnaruk kapmat akerem numan ,retiroto nahusagnep alop nagned kana

nam( laisos araces gnatam nad iridnes irid nakgnitnemem ,fislupmi ,)aj

.)gnegnec( irid ayacrep gnaruk

ratnalenep nahusagnep aloP .4

amas nakhab uata gnaruk aut gnaro ,ini nahusagnep alop adaP

nakraibid kanA .kana sikisp nagnabmekrep nakiludepmem kadit ilakes

aro ,iridnes gnabmekreb aynnagnitnepek naksatiroirpmem hibel aguj aut gn

nagnabmekrep nagnitnepeK .kana nagnitnepek adap irad iridnes

nagned kubis ulalret gnay aut gnaro kaynab ,nakiabaret kana naidabirpek

kanA . nasala macam iagabreb nagned iridnes aynnataigek - ratnalret kana

ini kana nakapurem - tabo naanuggnep tabilret laisnetop gnilap gnay kana -

laH .aynnial lanimirk nakadnitnakadnit nad )abokran( gnaralret natabo

anamid kana naadaek nakiabagnem gnires aut gnaro nakanerakid tubesret

na anamid uhat kadit uata iludep kadit gnires ai ka - nagned ,adareb aynkana

kana apais - kutneb nagneD .tubesret kana apa gnades ,luagreb akerem kana

gnaro helo nakitahrepid kadit asarem kana tubesret ratnalenep husa alop

.aynnaknigniid gnay apa sata utauses alages nakukalem ai aggnihes ,aut

u aparebeb iraD husa alop kutneb ianegnem sata id ilha arap tapadnep naiar


82

husa alop agit tapadret aynrasad adap awhab naklupmisid tapad aut gnaro

sitarkomed husa alop ,retiroto husa alop utiay aut gnaro nakparetid gnay

p kutneb agitek iraD .)fisimrep( sabeb husa alop nad aut gnaro husa alo

gnilap ialinid sitarkomed husa alop awhab nagnurednecek ada ,tubesret

malad ,naikimed numaN .nial gnay hus alop kutneb nakgnidnabid kiab

,anrupmes gnay husa alop nakapurem nakub ini sitarkomed husa alop

ay lah ada aguj nupanamiagab babes gnay itrepes lanoisutis tafisreb gn

malad aut gnaro ada kadit awhab ,)3002( oyiraD sugA helo nakakumekid

kididnem malad husa alop utas nakanuggnem aynah aynkana husagnem

kadit awhab nagnuredneek ada ,naikimed nagneD .aynkana husagnem nad

sa alop kutneb ada gnaro ipatet aut gnaro helo nakparetid inrum gnay hu

nakiausesid tubesret husa alop kutneb agitek nakanuggnem tapad aut

ini naitilenep malaD .uti taas idajret gnay isidnok nad isautis nagned

a alop utiay aut gnaro husa alop kutneb agit adap ucagnem silunep hus

alop kutneb agitek huragnep nupadA .fisimrep nad sitarkomed ,retiroto

sativitka itupilem halada awsis nairidnamek padahret aut gnaro husa

arac ,kana kididnem arac nagnurednecek ,agraulek malad nakididnep

ragnepreb gnay aut gnaro pudih arac nad husagnem gnusgnal araces hu

.rajaleb malad kana nairidnamek padahret

malad awsis nairidnameK padahret aut gnarO husa aloP huragneP

ihuragnepid atres agraulek irad lawareb kana adap nairidnameK rajaleb

b gnay halaut gnaro ,agraulek malad iD .aut gnaro husa alop helo narepre

kutnu kana nakharagnem utnabmem nad ,gnibmibmem ,husagnem malad


92

malad narepreb turut aguj nakididnep ainud nupikseM .iridnam idajnem

patet agraulek ,iridnam kutnu kana adapek natapmesek nakirebmem

nu kana kutnebmem malad amatrep nad ralip nakapurem aliB .iridnam kut

lisahreb kadit ini amatu nad amatrep gnay aut gnaro nakididnep naka akam

malad iridnam gnaruk gnay ukalirep nad pakis naklubminem tapad

halkadit ,iridnam idajnem kana idajnem kana husagnem uata kididnem

pid surah gnay lah kaynab ada hadum gnaro helo nikgnum inides nakpaisre

raseb haltagnas aut gnaro nareP .kana husagnem uata kididnem akitek aut

nakparahid aut gnaro ,gnaroeses nairidnamek nakutnebmep sesorp malad

nakgnabmegnem tapad raga kana adap natapmesek nakirebmem tapad

d gnay naupmamek libmagnem ,fitaisini libmagnem rajaleb ,aynikilimi

rajaleb nad nakukalid nigni gnay apa ianegnem nasutupek

.aynnataubrep alages nakbawajgnuggnatrepmem

.G araC kanA awiJ nugnabmeM malaD auT gnarO fitkefE

.1 kana inameneM

malad raseb huragnep aynup natabahasreP halada nameT .kana awij

nad rajaleb gnilas nial amas utaS .nial gnay aynnamet igab nimrec

.rajagnem

.2 kana itah nakaribmeggneM

kanA .kana awij malad nakmugagnem nasek aynup naaribmegeK -

nakasarem autgnaro nakhaB .naaribmegek iakuynem kana

agned naaribmegek apaisgnarab aynhuggnuseS“ .akerem ayngnair n


03

idajnem aggnihes aynnanurutek kana itah nakgnaneynem ahasureb

ai tarihka id aggnihes gnanes asarem ayntaubmem naka hallA ,gnanes

raneb - )rikasA unbI .RH( ”.gnanes asarem naka raneb

.3 m nad tahes isitepmok nugnabmeM adapek nalabmi irebme

ayngnanemep .

.4 irebmeM p tapad babes ,kana irid malad gnitnep huragnep aynup naiju

ikiabrepmem tapec aggnihes aynisome nad naasarep nakkareggnem

.naharamek nakub ,naijup nakireB .aynnahalasek

.5 uarug adnesreb nad adnacreB

g adnes nad adnaC nad kana awij nagnabmekrep utnabmem naka uaru

,nakureynem was hallulusaR .madnepret gnay aynisnetop nakrihalem

”uarug adnesreb kajaid halkadneh licek kana aynup apaisgnaraB“

)rikasA unbI R.H(

.6 kana irid naayacrepek nugnabmeM

udnem kutneb malad nakukalid inI kana adap mazza‘ nataukek gnuk

,asaupreb kana nakasaibmem ,aisahar agajnem hitalem aynlasim

haimli naayacrepek nugnabmem ,laisos naayacrepek nugnabmem

ahasureb awij nugnabmem ,)akigol(

.7 kiab gnay naliggnap nagned liggnameM

.8 kana nanigniek a ut gnaro aynalakad naatnimrep ihunemem surah a

aynisome nakhubmunem kutnu fitkefe arac nakapurem aguj inI .kana

.autgnaro padahret aynawij tabmanem nad


13

.9 suret nagnibmiB - surenem

asam ,nial kulhkam aumes gnidnabiD .apul nad halas gnires ,kanA

kana - ilap gnay halada aisunam kana kadnehek aumes inI .gnajnap gn

amirenem irid nakpaisrepmem kutnu utkaw iagabes pukuc raga ,hallA

netalet araces surah autgnarO .)tairays lukimem nabijawek( filkat

kanak asam adap kana gnibmibmem - ,atakreb du’saM unbI .aynkanak

kana( akerem halnakasaiB“ - kana nakiabek anerak ,nakiabek nagned )

”.)aynnaasaibek( tada idajnem naka gnay haluti

.01 narajagnep malad pahatreB

nakhatnireP“ .talahs kutnu kana kididnem taas adap aynhotnoC

akerem hallukup nad nuhat hujut aisureb akitek talahs kutnu umkana

)talahs naggne akij( )duwaD ubA RH( ”.nuhat hulupes rumureb akitek

.H auT gnarO igreniS

iagabreb nagned igrenisreb ulrep autgnaro kana kididnem malaD

ini igreniS .autgnaro nasatabretek aparebeb ianrupmeynep iagabes ,kahip

toggna hurules ,amatreP :nagned nakukalid aynaratnaid ,kekak( agraulek a

nial nad ,ibib ,namap ,kenen - alop nakisidnokgnem surah autgnarO .)nial

gnay aggnihes nial gnay agraulek atoggna helo imahapid asib raga aynhusa

,audeK .gnugnib kana aggnihes ruis gnapmis kadit kana helo amiretid

didnep isutitsni /halokes naktapadnem kana anamid nial lamrof naki

kutnu fitaisinireb autgnaro akij kiab hibel nakA aynaudek nakididnep

aynlasim ,halokes kahip nagned snetni hibel gnay isakinumok nilajnem


23

,agiteK .aynsalek ilaw urug nagned uata gnilesnok urug nagned

ikes nagnukgnil ’naktaafnamid’ asib nagnukgniL .)takaraysam( aynrat

.kana laisos naupmamek hasagnem kutnu autgnaro

husa aloP 91( kcolruH turunem aut gnaro 69 idajnem nakirogetakid )

malad huragnepreb gnay ,fisimrep nad sitarkomed ,retiroto : utiay ,agit

dabirpek nakutnebmep utaus lubmit tubesret husa alop iraD .kana nai

.agraulek utaus malad aynnakparetid tabika lucnum gnay urab ukalirep

nagned kana sativitka alages lortnognem aut gnaro ,retiroto husa alop adaP

kana taubmem ,aut gnaro adap hutap ulales kana tutnunem ,tatek

em nad aut gnaro helo nakutnetid gnay radnats nagned irid nakiauseyn

uam taas ijupid kadit kana ,naruta raggnalem kana alib sarek mukuhgnem

anerak kana nanigniek nakitahrepmem kadit atres ,utauses nakukalem

yntabikA .aynkadnehek nakaskamem gnurednec aut gnaro naktikaynem a

nakanaskalem kadit nad kebmagn kana gnadakret aggnihes kana itah

asar aynada kadit ,madned nad tukat asar naklubminem ,aut gnaro hatnirep

kutnu iserga ukalirep lubmit aggnihes aut gnaro adapek gnayas hisak

nialeS .aut gnaro kadnehek gnatnenem napudihek isakilpa malad uti

irahes - naklucnumem gnurednec retiroto nahusa malad gnay ajamer ,irah

ukalirep irad gniledom iagabes ratikes nagnukgnil adapek iserga ukalirep

irebmem aut gnaro ,sitarkomed husa alop adaP .aynadapek aut gnaro

na adap natapmesek nahasilegek ,nahulek ,tapadnep nakatagnem kutnu ka

naka kana uti nialeS .nakparahid kana anamiagab naksalejnem nad

malad gnay ajamer igab ayntabikA .nahalasek nakukalem alib mukuhid


33

nad aynaut gnaro irad naitahrep naktapadnem asarem sitarkomed nahusa

ednec iauses kadit gnay nakadnit nakukalem malad nakgnus uata ulam gnur

gnay nakadnit nakukalem ajamer aynasaiB .aut gnaro kadnehek nagned

akerem iserga ukalirep nupuam aut gnaro kadnehek nagned iauses kadit

husa alop adaP .akerem aut gnaro irad iynubmes araces aut gnaro ,fisimrep

nakaideynem aynah nagned iridnes isaluger taubmem kana nakraibmem

.tnemhsinup nad drawer aynada kadit atres ,kana nakulrepid gnay rebmus

sabeb asarem fisimrep nahusa malad gnay ajamer igab ayntabikA

aipmalem kusamret aynalages nakukalem nad ayniserga ukalirep naks

akerem anamalib nial gnaro itahesanid alib huca kat huca asarem

.nahalasek nakukalem

.I taniM

utaus nakutnenem tapad gnay sigolokisp rotkaf nakapurem taniM

gnay sigolokisp rotkaf utaus nakapurem aguj uti nialeS .gnaroeses nahilip

nakajregnem gnay gnaroeseS .gnaroeses nalisahrebek kutnu gnitnep tagnas

lisah helorepmem naka aynmumu adap ,tanim iatresid naajrekep utaus

.tanimreb kadit gnay akerem adap irad kiab hibel gnay

utnu kejbus adap patenem kaga gnay nagnurednecek halada taniM k

gnanes asarem nad utnetret lah uata gnadib adap kiratret asarem

uti gnadib adap gnupmmicekreb )03;3891 ,lekniW( . id naiaru nakrasadreB

sata iagabes nakitraid tapad ahasuariwreb kutnu awsis tanim akam

riwreb hilimem kutnu awsis haragnem gnay nagnurednecek irad ahasua


43

gnay ,KMS irad sulul haletes iggnit naurugrep ek naktujnalem adap

awhab naasarep nad ,kiratret ,gnanes naasarep aynada nagned iadnatid

.aynnahutubek adap tukgnasreb ahasuariwreb

.J rotkaF - ahasuariwreb kutnu tanim ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf

uruneM amataiG t )6;0991,amataiG( nakgnologid tapad tanim

:aud idajnem

)1 kisnirtni araces taniM

irad lubmit gnay tanim nakapurem kisnirtni araces taniM

isatserp ,ispesrep ,pakis huragnep apnat iridnes udividni irid malad

snejeletni nad nimalek sinej ,takab ,rajaleb .i

)2 kisnirtke araces taniM

tabika lubmit gnay tanim nakapurem kisnirtke araces taniM

nial aratna lubmit kisnirtke araces taniM .udividni raul irad huragnep

huragnep anerak namet nad aut gnaro tanim ,imonoke gnakaleb ratal

.ayabes

ces kadit tanim aynlucnuM abit ara - kutnebret naknialem ,abit

sesorp nad isasilaisos ,nakididnep sesorp iulalem gnabmekreb nad

ini lah malaD .agraulek malad id nad ,takaraysam ,halokes id iskaretni

)46;0891( eraippaM idnA ratal helo ihuragnepid tanim nakatagnem

,nagnukgnil gnakaleb .namalagnep nad ,laisos sutats ,imonoke takgnit


53

lah malad ,gnaroeses tanim ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf kaynaB

silunep ini lah malad ipateT .ahasuariwreb kutnu tanim halada ini

ajas rotkaf agit libmagnem nigni aynah :utiay ,

.a isavitoM

.b rajaleb isatserP

.c husa aloP aut gnaro

.K uluhadreT naitileneP lisaH

gnuyapiS nawainruK suitangI 02( 01 “ ludujreb gnay ) huragneP

nagnukgniL isidnoK nad auT gnarO naajrekeP sineJ ,irtsudnI ketkarP

.ahasuariwreB kutnu KMS awsiS taniM padahret naujut ikilimem ini ”

iuhategneM tkarp huragnep nad aut gnaro naajrekep sinej ,irtsudni ke

awsis tanim padahret nagnukgnil isidnok KMS .ahasuariwreb kutnu

id gnay irtsudni ketkarp awhab naksalejnem aynnaitilenep malaD

halokes nakada nad nauhategnep ,nasawaw nakgnabmegnem tapad

alipmaretek nakgnabmegnem idajnem malad aynsusuhk ,nanipmimepek n

gnakaleb ratal irad nagnukud nagned anamid seskus gnay ahasuariw gnaroes

kutnu nakrajagnem naka ahasuariwreb gnay aut gnaro naajrekep

fisudnok gnay nagnukgnil napudihek nagned utnabid nagned ahasuariwreb

ukgnil inkay tanim nakhubmunem tapad gnay laggnit tapmet nagn

.ahasuariwreb


63

.L rikifreb akgnareK

.1 isubirtnoK .ahasuariwreb kutnu awsis tanim nagned rajaleb isavitom

,taubreb kutnu gnaroeses nagnurednecek nakapurem isavitoM

t utaus iapacnem kutnu iapacnem kutnu kadnitreb nagneD .nauju

kutnu awsis nagnurednecek halada awsis rajaleb isavitom naikimed

isatserp utiay rajaleb naujut iapacnem anug rajaleb nataigek nakukalem

.rajaleb iapacnem upmam awsis nakparahid ,iggnit rajaleb isavitom akiJ

ggnihes ,kiab gnay rajaleb isatserp kutnu raseb gnay tain lubmit a hilimem

ahasuariwreb

.2 isubirtnoK tanim nagned rajaleb isatserp awsis .ahasuariwreb kutnu

awsis helo iapacid gnay lisah utaus nakapurem rajaleb isatserP

ialin nagned nakkujnutid gnay utnetret edoirep asam adap - gnay ialin

etret .awsis rajaleb lisah ropar ukub adap ar gnay rajaleb isatserP

,keybo utaus padahret tanim ihuragnepmem tapad naka awsis helorepid

.ahasuariwreb kutnu tanim halada aynaratnaid utiay

.3 isubirtnoK tanim nagned aut gnaro husa alop aratna awsis kutnu

ahasuariwreb

ihuragnepmem gnitnep gnay rotkaf nakapurem aut gnaro husa aloP

uata natutnut aynada nagned anerak ,ahasuariwreb kutnu lah malad awsis

aut gnaro husa alop anamiagab atres aut gnaro irad nagnukud irad utkaw

alop ihuragnepmem naka aguj gnarakes aggnih licek malad kana rikip

,naknigniid gnay apa hilimem niales hilimem kutnu nakrikimem

.iggnit naurugrep ek iduts naktujnalem gnay nataukek nakapurem taniM


73

keybo adap naitahrep naktasumem gnaroeses nakbabeynem tapad

.utnetret

ini tukireb akam ,sata id naiaru iraD rikifreb akgnarek nakapurem

.naitilenep nakukalem malad silunep nakanugid naka gnay

awsis rajaleb isavitoM = 1X : nagnareteK

awsis rajaleb isatserP = 2X

aut gnaro husa aloP = 3X

awsis taniM = Y ahasuariwreb

.G sisetopiH

.1 isubirtnok adA gnay nakifingis adap padahret awsis rajaleb isavitom

.ahasuariwreb kutnu kopeD 1 NKMS awsis tanim

isubirtnok adA .2 gnay nakifingis dap a isatserp tanim padahret awsis rajaleb

.ahasuariwreb kutnu kopeD 1 NKMS awsis

isubirtnok adA .3 y gna nakifingis adap tanim padahret aut gnaro husa alop

.ahasuariwreb kutnu kopeD 1 NKMS awsis

1X

2X

3X

Y


83

III BAB

NAITILENEP EDOTEM

.A naitileneP sineJ

iduts halada ini naitilenep malad nakukalid gnay naitilenep sineJ

susak tubesret keybus anamid ,utnetret keybus gnatnet naitilenep utiay ,

gnay nalupmisek akam ,atrakaygoY kopeD 1 NKMS halokes id utiay satabret

.itiletid gnay keybus adap ukalreb aynah helorepid

.B naitileneP isakoL

.1 naitileneP isakoL

,atrakaygoY kopeD 1 NKMS nakukalid naka ini naitileneP .lJ

namelS kopeD ojrahowugaM aratU daorgniR . ,nasala nagneD t nauju

nautas takgnit nakididnep p adap ucagnem kopeD 1 N KMS id nakididne

mumu naujut p utiay nakididne m ,nauhategnep ,nasadrecek naktakgnine

itukignem nad iridnam pudih kutnu nalipmartek atres ,ailum kalhka

.aynnaurujek nagned iauses tujnal hibel nakididnep

lakeb nakirebmem surah halokes tubesret naujut irad isneukesnoK

nad tujnal hibel iduts kutnu naumliek idajnem nasulul nakpaisrepmem

ainuD nahutubek nagned iauses nad ladnah gnay ajrek aganet

nakanaskalem kopeD 1 N KMS akam ,)KD/ID/UD( ajreK/irtsudnI/ahasU

id nakanaskalid gnay nakididnep utiay ,)GSP( adnaG metsiS nakididneP

nad halokes id utiay tapmet aud ahasu ainud ,irtsudni ainud id atres ,

.ajrek ainud lanoiseforp nailhaek nakididnep naaraggneleynep kutneB


93

margorp aratna norknis nad sitametsis araces nakudamem gnay

helorepid gnay nailhaek naasaugnep margorp nad halokes id nakididnep

ekeb nataigek iulalem ajreK/irtsudnI/ahasU ainuD id gnusgnal ajr ,

gnay nagnubuh ada apa iuhategnem kutnu gnitnep ini naitilenep aggnihes

amirenem awsis haletes ahasuariwreb kutnu awsis tanim naka nakifingis

.ahasuariwreb gnatnet narajalep atam

.C naitileneP kejbO nad kejbuS

jbuS kopeD 1 NKMS awsis halada ini naitilenep malad ke

atam rajaleb lisah naropal halada ini naitilenep kejbo nakgnades ,atrakaygoY

awsis naahasuariwek narajalep IX salek 02 nuhat adap 01 - 102 1 gnarakes ,

.IIX salek id hupmenem gnades tubesret awsis

.D ,isalupoP aS lepmaS nalibmagneP kinkeT nad lepm

.1 isalupoP

nagned iauseS .naitilenep keybo nahurulesek nakapurem isalupoP

awsis halada ini naitilenep malad isalupop akam itiletid gnay halasam -

naicnir nagneD .awsis 942 kaynabes IIX salek kopeD 1 NKMS iwsis

kireb iagabes :tu 1.III lebaT

awsiS ataD - kopeD 1 N KMS iwsiSatrakaygoY

saleK nasuruJ awsiS halmuJ

IIX

KA 1 63 2 63

PA 1 53 2 53 3 53

MP 1 63 2 63


04

.2 lepmaS

aynah silunep akam ,saul itiletid surah gnay isalupop gnubuhreB

halmujes nakanuggnem malad ,lepmas iagabes hilipid gnay nednopser

.awsis 942 halmujreb gnay awsis irad libmaid aynlepmas ini naitilenep

iakapid asib gnay ratfad taubmem )6002 :narakeS( nagroM nad eicjerK

J .lepmas halmuj nakutnenem kutnu tapad isalupop irad lepmas halmu

atekid sumur nakanugnem nagned iuh iagabes ,nagroM nad eicjerK

:tukireb

.III sumuR 1

nagnareteK :

n lepmas naruku =

N isalupop naruku =

X2 tardauk ihC ialin =

P isalupop isroporp =

d naagudnep talag =

.a n nakanuggnem anerak ,%59 naladnaek takgnit ismusA X iali 2 148,3 =

.1 sabeb tajared adap 50,0 = α iakamem aynitra gnay

.b nagnutihrep malad nakkusamid gnay isalupop namagarek ismusA

1(P halada - .5,0=P anamid ,)P

.c .)50,0=d( %5 naagudnep talag ialin ismusA


14

sumur nakrasadreb ,naikimed nagneD pad nagroM nad eicjerK ta

awsis 942 halmujes isalupop irad ,ini naitilenep malad lepmas iuhatekid

:tukireb iagabes halada

.lepmas idajnem naka gnay awsis 251 uata

.3 lepmaS nalibmagneP kinkeT

halada ini naitilenep malad lepmas nalibmagnep kinkeT elpmis“

nar ”gnilpmas mod kopmolek pait irad lepmas nalibmagnep kinket utiay ,

pait aggnihes ,kaca araces libmaid lepmas nad - ikilimem keybus pait

lah malaD .lepmas atoggna iagabes libmaid kutnu amas gnay natapmesek

ini 942 halmujreb halada aynisalupop D 1 NKMS id awsis kope

251 halmujreb aynlepmas nad ,atrakaygoY arac nakanuggnem libmaid

942 irad idaJ .idnuid uata modnar isalupop idnu id tubesret KMS awsis

251 libmaid nad aman tubesret naidnugnep iraD .lepmas - aman gnay awsis

251 halmujes raulek lepmas nakidajid gnay uti .


24

nad aut gnaro husa alop ,rajaleb isavitom atad helorepmem kutnU

roks nagned trekiL alaks nagned renoiseuk nakanugid awsis tanim

isatserp atad helorepmem kutnu nakgnadeS .1 nad 2,3,4,5 naturureb

irad ialin lisah apureb isatnemukod nakanugid awsis rajaleb adap ropar

.1102/0102 kimedaka nuhat

.E lebairaV lanoisarepO isinifeD nad

malad lebairav nakrisfanem malad nahalasek idajret kadit ragA

gnisam aratna isakifitnedi naksalejid ulrep akam naitilenep - lebairav gnisam

: utiay naitilenep malad

.1 halada sabeb lebairaV babes idajnem uata ihuragnepmem gnay lebairav

V .nednepedni lebairav nahaburep gnay ini lah malad lebaira : halada itiletid

.a rajaleb isavitoM halada )1X( kutnu iadnatid gnay ahasu naiakgnar

utnetret naujut nad lisah iapacnem .

.b halada )2X( rajaleb isatserP ,nagnalu iulalem iapacid halet gnay lisah

sagut - .aynnial rajaleb lisah narukugnep nad sagut

.c aut gnaro husa aloP halada )3X( kana nagned aut gnaro iskaretni - aynkana

kididnem nad surugnem malad naitahrep ,ialin ,pakis ,iserpske kusamret

.akerem kana

.2 ebairaV tabika idajnem gnay uata ihuragnepid gnay lebirav halada takiret l

halada ini naitilenep malad lebairaV .sabeb lebirav aynada anerak taniM

awsis .)Y( taniM nagnurednecek halada ahasuariwreb kiratret asarem kutnu

nupmicekreb gnanes asarem nad riwreb malad g .ahasua


34

.F ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT

nakanaskalem kutnu nakulrepid gnay atad helorepmem malaD

atad nalupmugnep edotem akam ,atrakaygoY kopeD 1 NKMS naitilenep

: tukireb iagabes halada nakanugid gnay

.a )tekgnA( renoiseuK

nakapurem renoiseuK ad nalupmugnep kinket nakukalid gnay at

silutret naataynrep uata naaynatrep takgnarepes irebmem arac nagned

kutnu nakanugid ini renoiseuK .aynbawajid kutnu nednopser adapek

atad naklupmugnem gnay ahasuariwreb kutnu awsis tanim naka

a alop nad isatserp ,isavitom helo ihuragnepid aut gnaro hus isiK . - isik

:tukireb iagabes tahilid tapad ini naitilenep nemurtni

2.III lebaT

isiK - renoiseuk nanusuynep isik

lebairaV rotakidnI ritub romoN + -

awsis rajaleb isatserP ataR - salek ropar ialin atar rajaleb isavitoM .a tsnI :kisnir

- rajaleb lawdaJ - lah tatacneM - gnitnep gnay lah - nakragnednem nasob kadit nad gnaneS

urug nasalejnep - atic iapacnem kutnu nanignieK - atic

rajaleb nagned - gnay laos padahret hareynem gnatnaP

tilus - aumes nakajregnem kutnu ayapureB

urug irad RP/laos - ynatreB kadit gnay iretam gnatnet a

itregnemid - nasalejnep amaskes nagned kamiyneM

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


44

irad helorep id gnay rotakidnI takiret lebairav nad sabeb lebairav

kutneb nagned )renoiseuk( naaynatrep ratfad malad habuid tubesret

gnay naaynatrep nakapurem pututret naaynatreP .pututret naaynatrep

nabawaj fitanretla nakaideynem nagned nakgnabmekid - ataD .nabawaj - atad

urug irad - irah pait halokes ek gnatad ahasureB - atam ukub imahamem nad acabmeM

narajalep - sagut nakiabagneM - halokes sagut - kutnu aynah halokes nataigeK

hazaji helorepmem - initur iakuyneM halokes id nataigek sat

.b :kisnirtskE - nial namet tahilem gnatnatreT

isatserpreb - rajaleb malad urug nagnukuD

9

01

11 21 31

41

51

aut gnaro husa aloP .a retirotO - isakinumoK - ubek nahunemeP nahut - nilpisid napareneP

.b sitarkomeD - isakinumoK - nahutubek nahunemeP - nilpisid napareneP

.c fisimreP - isakinumoK - nahutubek nahunemeP - nilpisid napareneP

4,2

71,01 61,51,31

8 3, 1,

11 9 02,91, 5 7,6,

21 81,41

ahasuariwreb taniM .a nakiratreteK .b gnanes naasareP .c ignieK nataigek malad tabilret kutnu nan

ahasuariwreb .d gniasreb kutnu tagnameS .e nairidneP .f bawaj gnuggnatreb nanignieK .g iridnes irid ayacreP

,1 3,2 8,5,4 7,6

9

01 11

,31,21 51,41


54

ad helorepid gnay surah gnay fitatitnauk atad nakapurem ini naitilenep mal

kutnu nakanugrepid gnay narukugnep kinkeT .fitatitnauk atad idajnem habuid

itnauk atad habugnem nakanuggnem nagned halada fitat alakS .trekil alaks

tnet gnaroeses pakis rukugnem kutnu nakanugid trekil .laisos anemonef gna

helo kifiseps araces nakpatetid halet laisos anemonef ,naitilenep malaD

.naitilenep lebairav iagabes tubesid ayntujnales gnay ,itilenep sata naialineP

nabawaj - d.s 1 takgnit nagned rukuid nednopser helo nakirebid gnay nabawaj

takgnit ,5 :tukireb iagabes halada aynnabawaj

3.III lebaT

trekiL alakS nakrasadreB gnirokS

nabawaJ airetirK rokS

fitisoP fitageN ulaleS 5 1 gnireS 4 2

gnadaK - gnadak 3 3 gnaraJ 2 4

hanrep kadiT 1 5

.G satilibaileR nad satidilaV ijU

.1 satidilaV ijU

a satidilav ijU irad nadilavek takgnit iuhategnem kutnu halad

.atad nalupmugnep malad nakanugid gnay )renoiseuk( nemurtsni ijU

meti hakapa iuhategnem kutnu nakukalid ini satidilav - gnay meti ijasret

raneb renoiseuk malad - nakpakgnugnem upmam raneb apa itsap nagned

naka gnay .itiletid


64

paites isalerokgnem arac nagned helorepid ini satidilav ijU roks

lisah naidumek ,lebairav rotakidni roks latot nagned rotakidni isalerok

.50,0 nakifinigis farat adap sitirk ialin nagned nakgnidnabid utauS

upmam alibapa dilav nakatakid nemurtsni naknigniid gnay apa rukugnem

atad anam huajes nakkujnunem nemurtsni satidilav aynhadner iggnit nad

gnay lebairav gnatnet narabmag irad gnapmiynem kadit lupmukret gnay

.duskamid

halada nakanugid gnay araC“ : )831:4002( onoyiguS turuneM

metI asilana nagned ritub paites adap ada gnay ialin paites anamid ,

naaynatrep ritub hurules ialin latot nagned nakisalerokid naaynatrep

“ isalerok sumur nakanuggnem nagned lebairav utaus kutnu tcudorp

tnemom ”. > gnutih r ialin halada dilav paggnaid kutnu muminim tarayS

irad aratna atayn gnay isalerok aynada nakataynem anerak elbat r ialin

kadit tubesret akam lebat r < gnutih r alibapA .tubesret elbairav audek

.dilav

tihrep nupadA isalerok nagnu tnemom tcudorp , sumur nagned

: )8991 :otnukirA( helo nakakumekid gnay itrepes

2.III sumuR

nagnareteK :

r Y lebairav nagned X lebairav aratna isalerok neisifeok = Y lebairav latot roks =

X lebairav pait roks = n nednopser halmuj =


74

nagnutihrep lisah irad helorepid gnay isalerok neisifeoK

nhadner iggnit nakkujnunem .rukuid gnay nemurtsni satidilav takgnit ay

isalerok r agrah nagned gnidnabid ini isalerok neisifeok ialin ayntujnaleS

tnemom tcudorP n = kd nagned lebat adap - .%5 isakifingis farat nad 2

r ialin akiJ gnutih r adap irad raseb hibel lebat amil akam , im isnemid awsis tan

ahasuariwreb kutnu .dilav nakatakid

.III lebaT 4 naitilenep lebairav satidilav iju namukgnaR

lebairaV R meti - latot R lebat nagnareteK isavitoM

1_ritub 908. 873,0 dilaV

ritub 2_ 018. 873,0 dilaV













51_ritub 487. 873,0 dilaV taniM










84







51_ritub 486. 873,0 ilaV d husa aloP










ritub 01_ 027. 873,0 dilaV









91_ritub 117. 73,0 8 dilaV

02_ritub 496. 873,0 dilaV nagned haloid ataD :rebmuS swodniw rof 61 SSPS 2102 nuhat ,

id lebat iraD irad naaynatrep meti hurules awhab tahilret sata

nakkujnunem tanim nad aut gnaro husa alop ,isavitom lebairav hurules

naaynatrep 05 kaynabes awhab ini nasutupek nalibmagneP .hihas halada

ialin nakgnidnabmem nagned nakukalid - r neisifeok ialin gnutih gnisam -

r neisifeok ialin nagned ritub gnisam lebat )n( kaynabes atad halmuj nagneD .


94

02 kaynabes akam 50,0 uata %5 nanikayek tajared nad nednopser

helorepid r ialin lebat naijugnep lisah iraD .)953:4891 ,idaH( 873,0 rasebes

r neisifeok ialin nahurulesek awhab helorepid gnutih adap irad raseb hibel

r lebat r( gnutih r > lebat awhab naklupmisid tapad naikimed nagneD .)873,0 =

im lebairav naaynatrep ritub nahurulesek gnaro husa alop nad isavitom ,tan

dilav halada aut .

.2 satilibaileR ijU

iuhategnem kutnu nakduskamid satilibailer iju nakgnadeS

nagned uata ,aynnaanuggnep malad ruku tala isnetsisnok aynada nial atak

alibapa netsisnok gnay lisah iaynupmem tubesret ruku tala nakanugid

ilakreb - .adebreb gnay utkaw adap ilak

satilibailer iju kutnU“ :)541:8991( otnukirA turuneM nakanugid

kinkeT ahplA hcabnorC ladnah nakatakid tapad nemurtsni utaus anamid ,

uata 6,0 rasebes ahpla uata naladnaek neisifeok ikilimem alib )lebailer(

el .hib

nagnutihrep ini naitilenep adaP sumur nakanuggnem satilibailer

:tukireb iagabes )831 :8991 ,otnukirA( ahpla

3.III sumuR

nagnareteK : r tt α/ i satilibilaer = nemurtsn

k meti halmuj = s∑ 2

i latot roks snairav halmuj = s2

i .i ek meti kutnu nednopser snairav =


05

nakirebmem akij lebailer nakatakid lebairav uata kurtsnok utauS

neisifeok ialin ahplA hcabnorC mamI malad 7691 ,ylannuN( 06,0 >

j idaJ .)24:1002 ,ilazohG neisifeok ialin aki ahplA hcabnorC raseb hibel

nad ,dilav nakatakid tapad tubesret naataynrep ritub akam ,06,0 adap irad

isatserp ,isavitom lebairav kutnu satilibailer lisaH .aynkilabes alup utigeb

:tukireb iagabes halada aut gnaro husa alop nad rajaleb

iD isnem ahplA hcabnorC nagnareteK

1X 308.0 lebaileR

2X 208.0 lebaileR

3X 338.0 lebaileR

.H ataD sisilanA kinkeT .

sisilana halada nakanugid gnay atad sisilana kinket nupupadA

lebairav aud irad hibel naktabilem gnay iserger sisilanA .adnagreb iserger

epedni mulebeS .00.61 isrev SSPS nagned sisilanaid naka ini ataD .nedn

iju nagned uluhad hibelret naijugnep aynada ulrep akam sisilanagnem

.satisitsadeksoreteh iju nad ,satireinilokitlum iju ,isalerokotua

.1 kisalK ismusA ijU

.a satireinilokitluM ijU

satirenilokitluM lebairav nagnubuh halada - sabeb lebairav

naujutreb satireinilokitlum ijU .aynnial gnay nagned utas aratnaid

aynada nakumetid iserger ledom nagned hakapa ijugnem kutnu

idajret kadit kiab gnay iserger ledoM .sabeb lebairav ratna isalerok

iF( satireinilokitlum : )4002 :suadr


15

4.III sumuR

nakanugid ,satireinilokitlum aynkadit idajret iuhategnem kutnU

: tukireb iagabes nautnetek

satireinilokitlum idajret akam ,5 > FIV akiJ

satirenilokitlum idajret kadit akam ,5 < FIV akiJ

.b isitsadeksoreteH ijU sat

aynada isketednem kutnu nakukalid satisitsadeksoreteH ijU

lebairav irad naracnap uata narabeynep - kutnu aguj uti nialeS .lebairav

naamaskaditek idajret iserger ledom haubes malad hakapa ijugnem

nay natamagnep ek natamagnep utas irad laudiser irad nairav akiJ .nial g

,patet nial gnay natamagnep ek natamagnep irad laudiser irad nairav

tubesid adebreb snairav akij nad ,satisitsadekomoh tubesid akam

idajret kadit halada kiab gnay iserger ledoM .satisitsadeksoreteh

satisitsadeksoreteh ijU .satisitsadeksoreteh ini naitilenep adap

nakanugid tapad ini edoteM .knaR namraepS isalerok ijU nakanuggnem

.licek lepmas nupuam raseb lepmas kutnu

: halada ini iju nakukalem rudesorP

)1 ialin helorepid ,iserger ledom utaus iserger lisah iraD - e( laudiser ialin i)

)2 at tahilem apnaT /+( laudiser adn - ini laudiser ialin nanusus ,)

iserger ledom malad ada gnay sabeb lebairav nagned nagnipmadreb

.riskatid gnay


25

salejnep lebairav nagned laudiser aratna iggnit gnay r ialiN

aynada nakujnunem yticitsadecsoreteh . raepS gnutihgnem araC knaR nam

a tukireb iagabes halad :anajduS( )5002

5.III sumuR

K nagnarete :

ρ namraepS isalerok neisifeok = b ∑ i lebairav nagned utas gnay lebairav aratna tardauk halmuj =

nial gnay n lepmas aynkaynab =

nakanugid ,satisitsadeksoreteh aynkadit idajret iuhategnem kutnU

: tukireb iagabes nautnetek

,0 > gnutih satilibaborp akiJ .a satisitsadeksoreteh idajret kadit akam 50

satisitsadeksoreteh idajret akam 50,0 < gnutih satilibaborp akiJ .b

.2 adnagreB sisilanA

naktabilem gnay iserger sisilana nakapurem adnagreb sisilanA

.nednepedni lebairav aud irad hibel

.a erger naamasrep iracnem kutnU aud irad hibel nakanuggnem gnay is

: tukireb iagabes halada nednepedni lebairav

b + a = Y 1X 1 b + 2X 2 b + 3X 3 6.III sumuR


35

nagnareteK :

Y = ahasuariwreb awsis taniM a N= ubmus reinil sirag aratna nagnotoprep adap Y iali

Y lakitrev b ,1 b ,2 b3 = neisifeoK natakgninep akgna nakkujnunem gnay iserger

ad id gnay nedneped lebairav nanurunep nupuata nakras.nednepedni lebairav adap

X1 awsis rajaleb isavitoM = X2 awsis rajaleb isatserP = X3 aut gnaro husa aloP =

.b F ijU

neisifeok padahret isnakifingis naijugneP aumes isalerok

nednepedni lebairav padahret nedneped lebairav iju nakanuggnem tapad

: )5002 anajduS( sumur nagned F

R 2 k / =F 7.III sumuR 1( – R2 n( / ) – k – )1

: nagnareteK

F adahret nedneped lebairav aumes isalerok neisifeok = lebairav pnednepedni

k nednepedni lebairav halmuj = n lepmas atoggna aynkaynab =

.c kifingiS ijugnem kutnU adnagreb iserger neisifeok isna t iju nakanugid

: )91 :7002 ,irafiglA( sumur nagned

= t R 8.III sumu


45

:nagnareteK

T nutih t ialin = irac id gnay g B iserger neisifeok =

bS ukab nagnapmiS = nakanugid )b( iserger neisifeok isnakifingis ijugnem kutnU

: tukireb iagabes nautnetek nagned %5 atayn farat

H o araces sabeb lebairav irad nakifingis gnay huragnep ada kadit =

av padahret laudividni .takiret lebair

Ha laudividni araces sabeb lebairav irad nakifingis gnay huragnep ada =

.takiret lebairav padahret

:aynnalupmiseK

T gnutih T ≥ lebat H kalonem nagned nakifingis iserger neisifeoK = o

T gnutih T ≤ lebat gned nakifingis kadit iserger neisifeok = H amirenem na a

: utiay isnakifingis ialin nakrasadreb naijugnep airetirK

)1 nakatagnem gnay aH akam 50,0 = α ialin < satilibaborp ialin akiJ

sabeb lebairav aratna nakifingis gnay huragnep ada kadit awhab

.kalotid takiret lebairav padahret laudividni araces

)2 iJ nakatagnem gnay oH akam 50,0 = α ialin > satilibaborp ialin ak

araces sabeb lebairav aratna nakifingis gnay huragnep ada awhab

.amiretid takiret lebairav padahret laudividni

ialin padahret nednepedni lebairav aumes huragnep aynraseB

tapad nedneped lebairav neisifeok aynraseb irad iuhatekd


55

R( isanimreted 2 nesisifeok aynraseB .iserger naamasrep )

lon itakednem nikameS .1 nagned iapmas 0 halada isanimreted

R( isanimreted neisifeok aynraseb 2 ,iserger naamasrep utaus )

nepedni lebairav aumes huragnep licek nikames ialin padahret ned

aynraseb utas itakednem nikames ,aynkilabeS .nedneped lebairav

R( isanimreted neisifeok 2 raseb nikames ,iserger naamasrep utaus )

.nedneped lebairav padahret nednepedni lebairav aumes huragnep


65

AB I B V

MUMU NARABMAG

.A kopeD 1 iregeN KMS harajeS

.on KS nagned 2591 nuhat adap nakiridid kopeD 1 iregeN KMS

amanreb uti utkaw adap ,2591 rebmetpeS 01 laggnat adap 25/baK/89913

adaP .atrakaygoY ludiK nagnowoG id isakolreB .atrakaygoY 1 iregeN AEMS

91 nuhat ojrahowugaM ek hadnip atrakaygoY 1 iregeN AEMS isakol 28

.namelS kopeD

:romoN dubkidneM KS nakrasadreB teraM 7 laggnat ,7991/O/130

1 iregeN KMS idajnem aman itnagreb atrakaygoY 1 iregeN AEMS 7991

namelS ,kopeD ,ojrahowugaM ,aratU daorgniR tamalareB .kopeD ,

E ,366588 )4720( ilimixaF ,36588 )4720( plet ,28255 ,atrakaygoY - : liam

moc.oohay@atsedkms uata moc.koped1kms@ofni :etisbew ,

www moc.koped1kms. helo kujnutid 8002 nuhat ialum kopeD 1 N KMS .

idajnem )sankidpeD( lanoisaN nakididneP nemetrapeD halokeS nasitniR

nailhaek margorp )agit( 3 iaynupmem gnay )IBSR( lanoisanretnI radnatsreB

nailhaeK margorP utiay ,nakaraggnelesid gnay )KP( kA isartsinimdA ,isnatnu

.nalaujneP nad narotnakreP


75

.B kopeD 1 iregeN KMS nakididneP nautaS naujuT nad ,isiM ,isiV

.1 : kopeD 1 iregeN KMS isiV

iawaiP ,isatserP rikugneM luggnU ,itrekeP iduB malaD nutnaS

isitepmoK ipadahgneM vititepmoC ,elbaveihcA ,luftcepseR( )elba

.2 :kopeD 1 iregeN KMS isiM

)a .ailum kalhkareb gnay halokes ayadub nakgnabmegneM

)b .lanoisanretnI faratreB halokeS nakdujuweM

)c gniniarT desaB ecnetepmoC natakednep nagned MBP nakanaskaleM

naluggnuek nad utum natakgninep adap isatneirorewb gnay )TBC(

d iauses .ajrek ainud natutnut nagne

)d 0002 : 1009 OSI utuM nemejanaM metsiS nakisatnemelpmigneM

.3 :kopeD 1 iregeN KMS naujuT

.a mumu naujuT

)1 lanoisanretni faratreb KMS liforp ayniapacreT

)2 natamat utum natakgninep atres isnaveler nad utum naktakgnineM

isnatnuka KP

)3 askalreT isnatnuka KP awsis iagabes isnetepmok isakifitres aynan

)4 kahip helo isnatnuka KP natamat aynparesreT - gnay kahip

hagnenem takgnit ajrek aganet nakhutubmem

)5 iju isakifitres iulalem ”hctam dna knil“ nakajibek aynnanaskalreT

wsis igab yrtsudni radnats isnetepmok .isnatnuka KP a


85

.b :susuhk naujuT

)1 gnadib lanoisan naiju adap isnetepmok iju tapmet iagabeS

YID isnivorp id isnatnuka fitkudorp

)2 lanoisaN nadaB iagabes rosesa iagabes takifitres ikilimem uruG

iseforP isakifitreS

)3 eL irad isnetepmok isakifitres helorepmem awsiS isakifitreS agabm

isnatnukA iseforP

)4 isnatnuka KP adap retneC gninraeL iagabes isgnufreb isnatnuka KP

YID isnivorp id

.C metsiS kopeD 1 iregeN KMS nakididneP

kopeD 1 N KMS id nakididneP nautas takgnit nakididnep naujuT

iay nakididneP mumu naujut adap ucagnem hagnenem nakididneP naujuT :ut

atres ,ailum kalhka ,nauhategnep ,nasadrecek naktakgninem halada naurujek

tujnal hibel nakididnep itukignem nad iridnam pudih kutnu nalipmartek

.aynnaurujek nagned iauses

rebmem surah halokes tubesret naujut irad isneukesnoK lakeb naki

aganet idajnem nasulul nakpaisrepmem nad tujnal hibel iduts kutnu naumliek

ajreK/irtsudnI/ahasU ainuD nahutubek nagned iauses nad ladnah gnay ajrek

nakanaskalem kopeD 1 N KMS akam ,)KD/ID/UD( metsiS nakididneP

gnay nakididnep utiay ,)GSP( adnaG id utiay tapmet aud id nakanaskalid

.ajrek ainud nad ,ahasu ainud ,irtsudni ainud id nad halokes kutneB

araces nakudamem gnay lanoiseforp nailhaek nakididnep naaraggneleynep


95

margorp nad halokes id nakididnep margorp aratna norknis nad sitametsis

naasaugnep id gnusgnal ajrekeb nataigek iulalem helorepid gnay nailhaek

.ajreK/irtsudnI/ahasU ainuD

.D mulukiruK KMS kopeD 1 iregeN

nad nataigek anacner takgnarepes nakapurem mulukiruK

nakanugid gnay arac atres narajalep nahab nad isi ianegnem narutagnep

modep iagabes mulukiruK .rajagnem rajaleb nataigek naaraggneleynep na

nad rajagnem rajaleb nataigek sesorp racnalrepmem kutnu nakduskamid

gnay nasulul nakapaisrepmem kutnu iduts margorp nagnabmegnep anibmem

.mulukiruk natutnut nagned iauses lipmaret nad pakac

iregeN KMS mulukiruK nakanuggnem hadus ini taas kopeD 1

nakididneP nautaS takgniT mulukiruK nagned tubesid gnay uata 6002

nad )KBK( 4002 mulukiruk nagnabmegnep nakapurem PSTK .)PSTK(

id nakgnabmekid nad helo nususid gnay lanoisarepo mulukiruk nakapurem

gnisam - gnisam naujuT :isireb gnay ,halokeS etimoK nad nakididneP nautas

nautaS takgniT mulukiruK natauM nad rutkurtS ,nakididneP nautaS

ialum hadus ini PSTK .subaliS nad ,nakididneP rednelaK ,nakididneP

ned iapmas X salek ialum 7002/6002 narajalep nuhat adap nakparetid nag

lah tukireB .IIX salek - :PSTK nagned natiakreb gnay lah

.1 :itupilem gnay ,isI radnatS nagned iauses margorP rutkurtS

a ailum kalhka nad amagA narajalep atam kopmoleK

b naidabirpek nad naaragenagrawek narajalep atam kopmoleK


06

c tegnep umli narajalep atam kopmoleK igolonket nad mala nauha

d akitetse narajalep atam kopmoleK

e natahesek nad ,agarhalo ,inamsaj narajalep atam kopmoleK

f lakol natauM

g nagnabmegnep nad reirak nagnibmib ek nakharaid( irid nagnabmegneP

)sativitaerk

.2 rajaleb nasatnutek radnatS

a tes rajaleb nasatnuteK utas malad nakpatetid halet gnay rotakidni pai

0 aratna rasikreb rasad isnetepmok – laedi nasatnutek airetirK .%001

gnisam kutnu - %57 rotakidni gnisam

b kutnu laminim rajaleb nasatutnek nakanuggnem kopeD 1 N KMS

fitamron narajalep atam kopmolek , rp nad fitpada ,7 fitkudo 50 .

kopeD 1 iregeN KMS isnatnukA nailhaeK margorP mulukiruK

gnadnU nakrasadreb nususid - gnatnet 3002 nuhaT 31 romon gnadnU

gnatnet 5002 nuhaT 91 romon hatniremeP narutareP ,naajrekaganetek

PNSB gnatnet 4002 nuhaT 32 romoN hatniremeP narutareP ,PNS .

.3 nasululek radnatS

a narajalebmep margorp hurules nakiaseleyneM

b hurules kutnu rihka naialinep adap kiab laminim ialin helorepmeM

atam kopmolek ,ailum kalhka nad amaga kopmolek narajalep atam

arajalep atam kopmolek ,naidabirpek nad naaragenagrawek narajalep n

narajalep atam kopmolek ,igolonket nad mala nauhategnep umli

.natahesek nad ,agarhalo ,inamsaj narajalep atam kopmolek ,akitetse


16

c halokes naiju suluL

d :airetirk nagned ,lanoisan naiju suluL

)1 ,5 muminim narajalep atam 3 kutnu lanoisan naiju ialiN 52

)2 iju ialiN 5,7 muminim fitkudorp na

)3 ataR - fitkudorp naiju ialin habmatid tubesret ialin agitek atar

5 muminim 5, .

.E kopeD 1 iregeN KMS awsiS ataD

.VI lebaT 1

awsiS ataD - kopeD 1 N KMS iwsiS

atrakaygoY


X

KA

PA

MP

1

2

3

1

2

3

1

2

63

63

63

73

83

63

63

73

IX

KA

PA

1

2

1

63

63

53


26

awsiS ataD - kopeD 1 N KMS iwsiS

atrakaygoY


MP

2

3

1

2

53

53

63

63

IIX

KA

PA

JP

1

2

1

2

1

2

3

63

73

53

53

33

63

33

halmuJ 687

2102 ,remirp ataD :rebmuS

.F kopeD 1 iregeN KMS kisiF nanugnaB

ab pukuc gnay kisif nagnukgnil ikilimem kopeD 1 iregeN KMS ki

katelret iridnes ini halokes isakoL .rajagnem rajaleb sesorp kutnu namayn nad

awemitsI hareaD ,namelS ,kopeD ,ojrahowugaM aratU daorgniR nalaJ id

m 012.61 hanat saul nagned atrakaygoY 2 15301 nanugnab apnat nahal saul ,

m 2 m 9585 nanugnab saul nad 2 gabeS . .aud takgnitreb ini halokes gnudeg nai


36

nagned tawaret nanugnab isidnok ,nenamrep gnologret nanugnab isidnoK

.kiab

salek gnaur isidnoK .gnaur 32 irad iridret nahurulesek salek halmuJ

malret kadit ,kiab pukuc tubesret salek paites kutnu aradu isalukriS .kiab uap

susuhK .narajalebmep sesorp igab pukuc gnay nagnukud irebmem nad kases

.retupmok nad CA ipakgnelid lanoisanretni radnatsreb nasitnir salek

nial aratna ,aynnial anarasarp nad gnaur tapadret salek gnaur nialeS

:tukireb iagabes

.1 halokeS alapeK gnauR

.2 gnauR margorP auteK

nailhaeK

.3 halokeS alapeK likaW gnauR

.4 urug rotnaK/ urug gnauR

.5 )UT( ahasU ataT gnauR

.6 nad nagnibmiB nanayal gnauR

)KKB( gnilesnoK

.7 umaT gnauR

.8 halokeS etimoK gnauR

.9 utnab tala nad aidem gnauR

MBP

.01 SKU gnauR

.11 naakatsuprep gnauR

.21 awsiS isarepoK gnauR

ws( )nayala

.12 namloot gnauR

.22 margorp iauses susuhk gnauR

aynnailhaek

.32 tapmet / iskudorp tinu gnauR

k nataige

.42 asahab gnauR

.52 nalipmartek gnauR

.62 naineseK gnauR

.72 abres gnudeG / aluA gnauR

anug

.82 )telioT( idnaM ramaK gnauR

.92 nitnaK gnauR

.03 SISO gnauR

.13 dijsaM

.23 & netsirK amagA gnauR

kilohtaK


46

.31 talA gnauR - agar halo tala

.41 gnadug gnauR

.51 muirotarobaL gnauR

retupmoK

.61 aideM itluM gnauR

.71 retupmok muirotarobaL gnauR

.81 lekgneb gnauR

.91 oiduts gnauR

.02 tala gnauR - kitkarp tala

.33 rupaD gnauR

.43 nanamaeK soP gnauR

.53 agar halo gnauR

.63 nad isalatsni anarasarP

il nagniraj kirts

.73 nopelet nagniraj anarasarP

.83 tenretni anarasarP

.93 nalaj seska anarasarP

.G rajagneM rajaleB sesorP kopeD 1 iregeN KMS

gnisam kutnu rajagnem lawdaj nususid halet kopeD 1 N KMS iD -

,urug gnisam aggnihes rajaleb sesorp ini lawdaj aynada nagned nakparahid

gnem urug irah paiteS .kiab nagned nalajreb tapad raja - ek gnatad ulales urug

kadit nupiksem anerak rajagnem kadit uti irah adap nupiksem halokes

lah nakajregnem tapad uaileb rajagnem - nagned natiakreb gnay nial lah

iskerognem aynlasim ,rajagnem rajaleb nataigek taubmem uata sagut ialin

urug halokes ek kusam kadit uti irah adap alibapA .nairah nagnalu laos

awsis adapek sagut nakirebmem nad halokes kahip uhatirebmem aynasaib

KMS id urug araP .rajaleb tapad patet awsis gnosok maj akitek aggnihes

s ini kopeD 1 iregeN gnay urug tapadret ilakes gnaraj itkubret nilpisid hadu

.niji apnat raulek uata nesba


56

.H satilisaF nakididnep

id ada gnay rajaleb satilisaF kopeD 1 iregeN KMS :nial aratna

.1 draob etihw nad silut napaP

nakanugid kutnu iadamem pukuc aidesret gnay silut napaP sesorp malad

rajaleb - hagnet id katelret nad rajagnem - .salek naped gnidnid hagnet

.2 rajaleb isruk nad ajeM

utigeb nupiksem ,amal pukuc hadus awsis rajaleb isruk nad ajem isidnoK

tahilret hisam salek aparebeb iD .rajaleb kutnu nakanugid asib hisam patet

belek .nakanugid kadit gnay isruk nad ajem nahi

.3 iramlA

ukub napmiynem kutnu nakanugid salek paitesid iramlA - .narajalep ukub

rekol nakaidesid lanoisanretni radnatsreb nasitnir salek kutnu susuhK

.utapes tapmet nad awsis paites kutnu

.4 rajaleb rebmuS

rajaleb rebmuS :itupilem ini halokes id ada gnay

.a .namaz nagnabmekrep itukignem gnay mulukiruK

.b naakatsupreP

araces ukub iskelok ikilimem kopeD 1 iregeN KMS naakatsupreP

narajalep ukub naigabmep nagned 735.71 kaynabes nahurulesek

2 sket non gnajnunep ukub ,990.31 kaynabes nad ,075 isnerefer 617

)9002/8002 nuhat naukubmep atad turunem( 2511 naacab ukub

.c muirotarobaL

.nailhaek margorp paites kutnu muirotarobal tapadreT


66

.d tenretni nagniraJ

awsis arap ,sitarg araces seskaid tapad gnay tenretni nagniraj taweL

b rebmus iracnem tapad tawel haimli lanruj uata lekitra apureb rajale

malad hadum nad tapec pukuc ikilimid gnay nagniraJ .tubesret anaras

.awsis utnabmem hibel tapad aggnihes aynnaseskagnep

.5 gnajnunep aideM

narajalebmep nataigek gnajnunep aidem tapadret kopeD 1 iregeN KMS iD

atna ,kitek nisem ,rotaluklak nisem ,potpal ,DCL rotkeyorP ,PHO nial ar

,retsiger hsac .ayniagabes nad

.I nareP - gninem tapad gnay narep halokes id awsis ajrenik naktak

.1 naijup nad naagrahgneP

O adeb adebreb gnay arac ikilimem rajagnep nupuam aut gnar

ubmunem kutnu aguj namukuh nagned nialeS .kana rajaleb isavitom nakh

lucnum asib isavitoM .naijup uata naagrahgnep nagned nakukalid tapad

uata iatreynem gnay kayal gnay naijup uata naagrahgnep tapadret akij

.narajalebmep isadnalem t gnaro( hamur id nad )urug( halokes iD )au

nakirebmem arac nagned isavitom nakirebmem tapad aynkadites

.naijup nad naagrahgnep

.2 aut gnaro nareP

nalisahrebek padhret huragnepreb tagnas agrulek nagnukgniL

nad napudihek igab amatu nad amatrep huragneP .awsis rajaleb


76

ek halada gnaroeses nagnabmekrep nad utkaw kaynaB .agraul

.agraulek nagned iskaretnireb nad apmujreb kutnu kana igab natapmesek

igab aynhuragnep raseb tagnas tubesret ini iskaretni nad naapmujreP

,namaj nagnabmekrep nagned gnirieS .gnaroeses isatserp nad ukalirep

it gnires naataynek malad isgnuf naresegrep tapadret halel asaret kad

p nakaynabeK .aynkana nakididnep aut gnaro narep aut gnaro ara

nepes nakhareynem lahadaP .halokes adap aynkana nakididnep aynhu

gnay rajaleb tagnames nad naitahrep nakirebmem aut gnaro aynsurahes

pad aggnihes hibel utkaw anerak kana rajaleb isavitom naklucnumem ta

malad aut gnaro natabilretek .halokesid adap irad kaynab hibel hamurid

naitahrep apureb kiab ,nakahasuid ulrep rajaleb isavitom nakhubmunem

laudividni araces isatserpreb nupuam hamurid kana adapek nagnibmib

nakitahrepmem atres ,aynnataigek nad halokes padahret fitkelok nad

halada aut gnarO .rajaleb sesorp malad kana imalaid gnay natilusek

igab nakididnep aynaraggnelesret nanikgnumek akubmep iagabes

m aut gnarO .akerem igab urug iagabes narepreb atres aynkana upma

hunep ,kiab nagned isakinumokreb upmam ,kiab nagned kididnem

ipadahid gnay natilusek nad nahutubek uhat ,kana padahret naitahrep

kana nagned kiab nagnubuh nakatpicnem upmam nad kana - naka aynkana

rajaleb kutnu kana nanigniek padahret raseb huragnepreb uata

.aynkilabes


86

.3 rajagnep nareP

rajagnep nareP a atresep irid malad isavitom naktikgnabmem halad

naktikgnabmem malad amatu igetartS .rajaleb fitka nikam raga aynkidid

sad adap rajaleb isavitom a katelret aynr .iridnes uti rajalep uata urug adap

ktikgnabmeM narep anamiagab katelret aynah kadit rajaleb isavitom na

artes satifitaerK .aynihuragnepmem gnay lah kaynab numan ,rajagnep

awsis arap igab isaripsni idajnem upmam surah rajagnep satifitka

ayrakreb ,rajaleb kutnu isavitom ucapret hibel naka awsis aggnihes nad

tawel awsis rajaleb isavitom taukrepmem sagutreb rajagneP .isaerkreb

isknas ,narajalep naijaynep - .aynawsis idabirp nagnubuh nad isknas

malad kana naktaiggnem gnay lah nakukalem rajagnep ini lah malaD

agnep nareP .rajaleb eb isavitom alolegnem kutnu raj l gnitnep tagnas raja

naupmameK .rajaleb satifitka iagabreb iulelem nakukalid tapad nad

asar naktikgnabmem upmam gnay ledom aynirid nakidajnem rajagnem

tesa nakapurem kidid atresep irid malad napuggnasek nad uhat nigni

.isavitom naktikgnabmem malad amatu

.4 K nagnukgnil isidno

takaraysam atoggna iagabeS m nepret tapad awsis aka ga helo hur

agnukgnil tapmet ,mala naadaek apureb ratikes nagnukgniL .ratikes n

isidnok uti anerak helO .ratikes nagnukgnil nad ayabes naluagrep ,laggnit

gnepmem turut tahes gnay nagnukgnil jaleb isavitom ihura .ra

nukgnil kisif kitsiretkaraK naaidesretek nad nauakgnajretek ,rajaleb nag

isavitom takgnit ihuragnepmem tapad iretam nad aisunam ayad rebmus


96

ignarugnem uata kutnebmem tapad aguj nagnukgnil nad gnaroeses

narajalebmep naamirenep isidnok nad namayn ,nama gnay nagnukgniL .

.rajaleb kutnu nagnorod nakhubmunem tapad iridnes nakiausesid asib

,nahudagek itrepes nakgnaneynem gnaruk gnay nagnukgnil aynkilabeS

kutnu satisapak uggnaggnem tapad isavirp aynada kadit nad nauacakek

m nad isartnesnokreb kutnu nanigniek nakhubmune .rajaleb kadit

taas nagnipmadnep nagned kidid awsis isavitom nakatemeM

salek tawel isartsinimda naatanep nad ahasu nasitnir kutneb nakutnenem

rajagnem rajaleb sesorp isaulave nakadagnem ketkarp iatresid ahasuariw

kinumokgnem nad nagned aut gnaro adapek kidid awsis isnetop nakisa

kidid awsis nagnabmekrep gnikgnar taubmem ,tapet gnay husa alop

malad isatserp katecnem kutnu nauamek ikilimem awsis aggnihes

.halokes id rajagnem rajaleb nataigek

.J ikeS ahasuariweK narajalebmeP gnatneT sal na

.1 mumU araceS uruG nataigeK

es rajagnem uruG .aynnarajalep maj nagned iaus id gnadaK

salek gnaur rajagnem urug , nakanuggnem urug ipatet DCL rotkeyorp

gnaraj t tala naktaafnamem urug nakanerakid tubesre ulalret muleb

alebmep nakanaskalem urug idaj ,iasaugnem edotem nagned aynah naraj

nakanuggnem nagned salek naped id nakgnarenem nad ,etkid ,hamarec

kadit awsis raga edotem ikilimem urug naikimed nupualaW .silut napap

narajalep itukignem nasob naahasuariwek nakadagnem nagned utiay

khacemem kutnu kopmolek isuksid nagned uata susak iduts laos na


07

naniamrep - ,utnetret naniamrep urug kutnu awsis naksagunem aguj

halakam taubmem iridnes/kopmolekreb ahasu taubmem nad gnay

G .salek naped id nakisatneserpid naidumek id naahasuariwek uru

pukuc hadus kopeD 1 NKMS malad fitaerk iretam nakirebmem

rajalep ,na saisutna idajnem nad nasob asarem kadit awsis aggnihes

narajalebmep nataigek itukignem .

.2 mumU araceS awsiS nataigeK

isartnesnok numan rajaleb halada aynutnet awsis nataigeK

nakukalid gnay nataigek ajas ada nurunem awsis rajaleb ad id salek mal

narajalep taas nagned nasob awsis nakanerakid ini lah gnusgnalreb

taas adap ipateT .urug helo nakrajaid gnay edotem - awsis utnetret taas

urug akitek iretam amirenem gnusgnal tapad nad isartnesnok tagnas

y edotem nakanuggnem iretam naksalejnem uata nakgnaneynem gna

tapad awsis naidumek nad awsis naitahrep kiranem tapad gnay

lah tatacnem gnusgnal - id urug helo nakiapmasid gnay gnitnep lah

.salek naped jalebmep itukignem awsis taniM naahasuariwek nara

sis anerak iuhatekid tapad uti lah iggnit tagnas tagnas aw

nakajregnem ulales awsis ,urug nakiapmasid gnay apa nakitahrepmem

sagut - .utkaw tapet nad kiab nagned sagut


17

V BAB

NASAHABMEP NAD ATAD SISILANA

.A ispirkseD ahasuariwreB taniM

renoiseuk narabeynep iulalem helorepid ini naitilenep malad ataD

kopeD 1 NKMS IIX salek awsis 251 adapek ralpmeske 251 kaynabes

a renoiseuk 251 kaynabes ilabmek gnay renoiseuk halmuJ .namelS tapad uat

nopser nakatakid aumes ,nednopser 251 nabawaj nakrasadreB .%001 etar

.pakgnel araces isiid naaynatrep ritub

helorepid anerak remirp atad nakapurem ini naitilenep irad ataD

aran irad gnusgnal D .rebmus ini naitilenep malad ata iridret irad 3, utiay atad

gnatnet isireb gnay .aut gnaro husa alop nad awsis tanim ,awsis isavitom iraD

atad nakijaynem naka itilenep ,ini tukireb naiaru - irad helorepid gnay atad

adahret renoiseuk narabeynep iulalem naitilenep lisah 1 NKMS awsis 251 p

namelS kopeD pmas iagabes .sisetopih nakitkubmem kutnu naitilenep le

adnagreb iserger edotem nakanuggnem nagned nakukalid sisetopih naijugneP

.0.61 isrev SSPS margorp iulalem nopser ispirksed halada tukireB id gnay ned

:nagnapal id helorep

1.V lebaT

j nakrasadreb nednopser satitnedI nimalek sine

nimalek sineJ halmuJ esatneserP

ikaL - ikal 21 8,7 %

naupmereP 041 2,29 %

latoT 251 %001

:rebmuS nahalo lisaH 102 , 2


27

ebaT l 1.V awhab nakkujnunem naigabes nednopser raseb gnay

jalep atam itukignem naupmerep halada naahasuariwek nara NKMS anerak , 1

purem kopeD sinejreb satiroyam aynawsis gnay naurujek halokes naka

naupmerep nimalek .

2.V lebaT nasuruJ nakrasadreb nednopser satitnedI


2.V lebat iraD 21 nakrasadreb nednopser satitnedi nakkujnunem

tnu nasuruj 3 irad salek idajnem kutnu hilipret gnay awsiS .IIX salek ku

.salek 21 irad 251 kaynabes nednopser

3.V lebaT

nakrasadreb nednopser satitnedI lasa haread/laggnit tapmet lasa

lasa hareaD halmuJ YID 511

YID rauL 73 latoT 251


lebat iraD 3.V nakapurem .kopeD 1 NKMS awsis lasa haread

.atrakaygoY awemitsI hareaD irad lasareb awsis nakaynabeK gnay awsiS

awsiS ataD - kopeD 1 N KMS iwsiSatrakaygoY

saleK nasuruJ

halmuJ wsiS a

IIX

KA 1 22 KA 2 22

PA 1 12

PA 2 22

PA 3 22

MP 1 22

MP 2 12

halmuJ 251


37

ajrekeb gnades gnay aut gnaro itukignem nakaynabek ,YID raul irad lasareb

.YID haread id

V lebaT .4

ar ialin nakrasadreb nednopser satitnedI at - atar

2102/1102 nuhat naahasuariwek narajalep atam

nasuruJ atar ialiN - atar 1KA 3,67 2 KA 8,77 1 PA 5,57 2 PA 4,57 3 PA 5.67 1 MP 2.87 2 MP 6,77

:rebmuS lisaH nahalo 102 , 2

4.V lebat iraD halet gnay nednopser awhab nakkujnunem

ep atam itukignem atar id nad narajal - atar ialin ,salek pait atar - gnay atar

narajalep atam ialin radnats nakapurem gnay 07 sataid helorepid

.naahasuariwek

aniM ahasuariwreb malad awsis t ahasu ketkarp akitek tahilret

kutnebmeM .naahasuariwek gnisam ,kopmolek aparebeb - gnisam kopmolek

iaynupmem id nakisatneserp id naidumek gnay ahasu nasitnir utas irad hibel

.urug nad awsis naped


47

.B lisaH ispirkseD naitileneP lebairaV

.1 awsiS isavitoM gnatneT ataD ispirkseD

ritub irad nednopser nabawaj atad nakijasid naka ini tukireB - ritub

trep :naayna

lepmas halmuJ 1 : 25

meti/ritub halmuJ : 51 naaynatrep

nabawaj fitanretla roks halmuJ 5 :

iapacid nikgnum gnay iggnitret rokS : 51 = 5 x 57

iapacid nikgnum gnay hadneret rokS : 51 = 1 x 51

agned roks nakutnenem halada ayntujnales hakgnaL :arac n

nagnutihreP rokS

66 x % 57 = 5,94

)05 idajnem naktalubiD( 05 – 001

65 x % 51 = 4,8


% 65 hawab iD 7 <

aT 5 .V leb

naialineP awsiS rajaleB isavitoM

rokS isneukerF esatnesreP irogetaK

05 – 001 98 65,85 % mreB isavito

8 – 94 65 48,63 % isavitomreb pukuC

7 < 7 6,4 % kadiT isavitomreb

halmuJ 451 % 001

: rebmuS D 2102 ,haloid ata


57

5.V lebat nakrasadreB naialinep gnatnet awsis rajaleb isavitom sata id

atam itukignem gnay nednopser raseb naigabes awhab nakkujnunem narajalep

naahasuariwek awhab ialinem awsis isavitom halada isavitomreb utiay rasebes

8,63 rasebes ,%85,85 gnatnet ialinem %4 awsis rajaleb isavitom halada pukuc

6,4 nad isavitomreb ialinem nednopser % kadit awsis rajaleb isavitom

.isavitomreb

eb gnay awsiS awsis halada isavitomr ,rajaleb lawdaj iaynupmem

lah tatacnem - neddnem nasob kadit nad gnanes ,gnitnep gnay lah nakrag

gnatnap ,urug nasalejnep ayapureb ,tilus gnay laos padahret hareynem

y iretam gnatnet aynatreb ,urug irad hamur naajrekep aumes nakajregnem gna

asib aggnihes ,urug irad nasalejnep kamiynem naditregnem id kadit

ahasuariwreb kutnu awsis tanim naklubminem .

gnadak awsis halada isavitomreb pukuc gnay awsiS - gnadak

lah tatacnem ,rajaleb lawdaj iaynupmem - kadit nad gnanes ,gnitnep gnay lah

eddnem nasob gnay laos padahret hareynem gnatnap ,urug nasalejnep nakragn

aynatreb ,urug irad hamur naajrekep aumes nakajregnem ayapureb ,tilus

,urug irad nasalejnep kamiynem naditregnem id kadit gnay iretam gnatnet

kutnu awsis tanim ayngnaruk naklubminem asib aggnihes .ahasuariwreb

hanrep kadit gnay awsis halada isavitomreb kadit gnay awsiS

lah tatacnem ,rajaleb lawdaj iaynupmem - tnep gnay lah kadit nad gnanes ,gni

nem nasob gnay laos padahret hareynem gnatnap ,urug nasalejnep nakragned

aumes nakajregnem ayapureb ,tilus aynatreb ,urug irad hamur naajrekep

,urug irad nasalejnep kamiynem naditregnem id kadit gnay iretam gnatnet

gnay iretam imahamem nad pakgnanem kutnu tilus ulalret awsis aggnihes


67

sesorp itukignem nasob nad kiratret kadit awsis taubmem nad ,nakiapmasid

jaleb kutnu awsis tanim aynada kadit naklubminem tapad nad rajagnem ra

.ahasuariwreb

.2 awsiS rajaleB isatserP gnatneT ataD ispirkseD

6.V lebaT rajaleB lisaH naialineP


67 - 99 56 24 % 67, kiaBlamitpO/ilakeS

06 - 57 18 82,35 % B /kia M lamini

06 > 6 69,3 % gnaruK

251 % 001

t nakrasadreB 6.V leba rajaleB lisaH naialinep gnatnet sata id

getak halada raseb gnilap gnay irogetak esatnesrep lamitpo/ilakes kiab iro

82,35 laminim/kiab irogetak ,%67,24 utiay tak nad ,% lada gnaruk iroge ha

69,3 rasebes .%

naigabes alibapa lamitpo/ilakes kiab nakatakid awsis rajaleb lisaH

alibapa kiab nakatakid ,awsis helo iasaukid tapad narajalep nahab raseb

nad ,awsis helo iasaukid tapad gnay narajalep nahab naigabes aynah

p nahab alibapa gnaruk nakatakid iasaukid tapad gnay tikides aynah narajale

.awsis helo


77

.3 husA aloP gnatneT ataD ispirkseD gnarO T au

waj atad nakijasid naka ini tukireB ritub irad nednopser naba - ritub

:naaynatrep



uJ la roks halm nabawaj fitanret 5 :

iggnitret rokS iapacid nikgnum gnay : 02 = 5 x 001

et rokS iapacid nikgnum gnay hadner : 02 = 1 x 02

:arac nagned roks nakutnenem halada ayntujnales hakgnaL

nagnutihreP rokS

66 x % 001 = 66 66 – 001

65 x % 001 = 65 65 – 56

% 65 hawab iD 55 <

7 .V lebaT

naialineP husA aloP T gnarO au


6 6 – 001 39 16 , 81 % narepreB

65 – 56 15 33 , 65 % narepreB pukuC

02 < 8 62,5 % narepreB kadiT

halmuJ 251 % 001

: rebmuS D 2102 ,haloid ata

at nakrasadreB 7.V leb autgnaro narep naialinep gnatnet sata id

halada autgnaro narep gnatnet naialinep awhab nakkujnunem pukuc


87

65,33 rasebes ,%81,16 rasebes utiay narepreb narep padahrret naialinep %

ro 62,5 nad narepreb halada autgna .narepreb kadit halada %

o husa aloP ar gn kana nasawagnep malad narepreb nakatakid aut

narutarep taubmem malad kana nakatrestukignem ulales alibapa halada

uam ulales ,kana halasam nakhacemem utnabmem ulales ,agraulek

,kana nanigniek uata tapadnep nakgnabmitrepmem nad nakragnednem

aynanem ulales irahes nataigek gnatnet nak - ulales ,kana adapek irah

adapek kiab kadit nad kiab gnay nataubrep gnatnet nasalejnep nakirebmem

nagned iauses halokes nahutubek ihunemem ulales autgnaro nad ,kana

.akerem naupmamek

wagnep malad narepreb pukuc nakatakid autgnarO halada kana nasa

gnadak aynah gnay autgnaro - malad kana nakatrestukignem gnadak

gnadak ,agraulek narutarep taubmem - nakhacemem utnabmem uam gnadak

uata tapadnep nakgnabmitrepmem nad nakragnednem ,aynkana halasam

gnadak aynah kana nanigniek - nanem ,ajas gnadak nataigek gnatnet nakay

irahes - halokes nahutubek ihunemem uam nad ,irah paites kadit aguj irah

.nagnabmitrep hunep nagned

halada kana nasawagnep malad narepreb kadit nakatakid autgnarO

taubmem malad kana nakatrestukignem hanrep kadit gnay autgnaro

narutarep halasam nagned iludep uam hanrep kadit ,agraulek - gnay halasam

tapadnep nakgnabmitrepmem uam hanrep kadit ,aynadapek kana nakatirecid

nataigek gnatnet kana adapek aynatreb hanrep kadit ,kana nanigniek uata

irahes - .aynirah


97

.4 aleB taniM gnatneT ataD ispirkseD raj

waj atad nakijasid naka ini tukireB ritub irad nednopser naba - ritub

:naaynatrep



uJ nabawaj fitanretla roks halm 5 :

iggnitret rokS iapacid nikgnum gnay : 51 = 5 x 57

et rokS ikgnum gnay hadner iapacid n : 51 = 1 x 51

:arac nagned roks nakutnenem halada ayntujnales hakgnaL

nagnutihreP rokS

66 x % 57 = 5,94 %


65 x % 51 = 4,8 %


% 65 hawab iD 7 <

.V lebaT 8

naialineP rajaleB taniM


05 – 001 59 5,26 % tanimreB

8 – 94 55 81,63 % tanimreB pukuC

7 < 2 23,1 % tanimreB kadiT

halmuJ 251 % 001

2102 ,haloid atad : rebmuS

.V lebat nakrasadreB 8 jaleb tanim naialinep gnatnet halada sata id ra

utiay tanimreb irogetak halada raseb gnilap gnay irogetak esatnesrep ,%5,26


08

81,63 tanimreb pukuc irogetak irogetak nad ,% rasebes halada tanimreb kadit

23,1 .%

nakatakid awsiS naahasuariwek narajalep adap tanimreb halada

t ulales gnay awsis sagut naklupmugnem utkaw tape - a ulales ,sagut fitk

narajalep itukignem ,urug irad gnitnep gnay nasalejnep tatacnem ulales ,

,ialumid narajalep mulebes iretam irajalepmem nad nakpaiynem ulales

ukub ikilimem ,natilusek ada akij aynatreb ulales - ukub ahasuariwek na hibel

d tagnamesreb ulales ,utas irad narajalep itukignem mala , nagned gnanes

naahasuariwek narajalep ,nial gnay narajalep adapirad hadum asarid anerak

em ulales nad narajalep iretam gnalugn akitek halokes id nakrajaid gnay

.hamur id adareb hadus

id awsiS narajalep adap tanimreb gnaruk nakatak naahasuariwek

gnadak gnay awsis halada - sagut naklupmugnem nad nakajregnem gnadak

gnadak ,urug helo nakirebid gnay - gnay nasalejnep tatacnem uam gnadak

iretam irajalepmem uam kadit ipatet iretam nakpaiynem uam ,gnitnep

gnadak nad ,ialumid narajalep mulebes uluhad hibelret - gnadak uam

narajalep gnalugnem .hamur id hadus akitek

kadit nakatakid awsiS naahasuariwek narajalep adap tanimreb halada

gnay sagut naklupmugnem nad sagut nakajregnem hanrep kadit gnay awsis

g nakirebid ,urug helo nakirebid gnay nasalejnep tatacnem hanrep kadit ,uru

narajalep mulebes iretam irajalepmem nad iretam nakpaiynem hanrep kadit

kadit ,ialumid naahasuariwek narajalep nagned gnanes kaynab ulalret anerak

alugnem uam hanrep kadit nad ,iroet lafahgnem nakrajaid gnay narajalep gn

.hamur id hadus akitek halokes id


18

.C ataD sisilanA

.1 isalerokotuA ijU

ada reinil iserger ledom hakapa ijugnem naujutreb isalerokotua ijU

nahalasek nagned t edoirep adap uggnaggnep nahalasek aratna isalerok

s edoirep adap uggnaggnep t( aynmulebe - akam isalerok idajret akiJ .)1

,itarajuG( isalerokotua iju irad sumuR .isalerokotua melborp ada nakamanid

991 :7002 - :tukireb iagabes halada )321

V sumuR . 1

anamiD T aneraK .isavresbo halmuj halada d arik - nagned amas arik

1( 2 - ,)r anamid r ,udiser irad lepmas isalerokotua halada d nakkujnunem 2 =

ialiN .isalerokotua ada kadit d 4 nad 0 aratna id katelret ulales . kitsitats akiJ

iagabeS .fitisop laires isalerok itkub ada ,2 irad gnaruk laisnatsbus araces

ad gnaruk akij ,sitkarp rasak naruta .mrala kutnu babeynep ada nikgnum ,0.1 ir

licek ialin d turutreb - atar ,halitsi nahalasek nakkujnunem turut - taked ,atar

akiJ .fitisop isalerokreb uata ,nial amas utas ialin >d nahalasek halitsi 2

turutreb - atar ,halada turut - mas utas ialin adebreb huaj ,atar utiay ,nial a

ijugnem kutnU .fitagen isalerokreb fitisop isalerokotua adap α ,isnakifingis

kitsitats iju d sitirk ialin hawab nad sata nagned nakgnidnabid ( d α ,L nad d α ,U )


28

lebaT V.9

isalerokotua iju nasutupek narutA

lon ssisetopiH nasutupeK akiJ iT fitisop isalerokotua ada kad kaloT d < d < 0 L

fitisop isalerokotua ada kadiT ada kadiT nasutupek

d L d ≤ d ≤ u

isalerokotua ada kadiTevitagen

kaloT 4 – d L 4 < d <

isalerokotua ada kadiTevitagen

ada kadiTnasutupek

4 – du 4 ≤ d ≤ - dL

rokotua ada kadiT fitisop isale nad evitagen

kalot nagnaJ D u 4 < d < - du

,sitirk ialiN d α ,L nad d ,α ,U isnakifingis takgnit turunem isairavreb

,)α( .iserger naamasrep malad rotkiderp halmuj nad ,isavresbo halmuj

skelpmok halada akerem isavireD - adnem aynasaib kitsitats akerem naktap

sket naripmal irad - .kitsitats sket

:nostaw nibrud naijugnep haread halada ini tukireB

aH isalerokotua halasam tapadreT :


38

lebaT V. 01

otuA ijU lisaH isalerok awsiS taniM

nibruD( – )nostaW

yrammuS ledoM b

ledoM R qS R erau

R detsujdA

erauqS

fo rorrE .dtS

etamitsE eht nibruD - nostaW

1 465. a 913. 503. 074.7 024.1

husa aloP ,isavitoM ,isatserP ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .a

taniM :elbairaV tnednepeD .b :rebmuS lisaH 2102 ,nahalo

ebes )d( WD helorepid naijugnep lisah iraD ,1 ras 024 nagned

lepmas halmuj nagned 50,0 nakifingis takgnit = N 251 k( sabeb lebairav nad

= 3 nibruD nakutnetid tapad akam ,) - es Ud nagned utiay lebat nostaW raseb

7,1 257 1 rasebes Ld nad 8496, ialin tapadid aggniheS . ld<wd<0 uata

0< 024,1 < 8496,1 aggnihes iserger malad naklupmisid tapad ada kadit

.fitisop isalerokotua

.2 satisitsadeksoreteh ijU

ledom malad hakapa ijugnem naujutreb satisitsadeksoreteh ijU

ek natamagnep utas laudiser irad ecnairav naamaskaditek idajret iserger

akiJ .nial gnay natamagnep ecnairav ek natamagnep utas laudiser irad

adebreb akij nad satisitsadekomoH tubesid akam ,patet nial natamagnep

halada kiab gnay iserger ledoM .satisitsadeksoreteH tubesid

atad nakaynabeK .satisitsadekomoH noitcessorc gnudnagnem naijugneP

tisitsadeksoreteh isautis ilikawem gnay atad nupmihgnem ini atad anerak sa

.)7002 :ilazohG( )raseb nad ,gnades ,licek( naruku iagabreb

nakukalid tapad satisitsadeksoreteH aynada isketednem kutnU

aynada isketednem kutnu araC .knaR namraepS isaleroK iju iulalem


48

ad satisitsadeksoreteh kifarg tahilem nagned nakukalid tap tolprettacs utiay

ubmus anamid ,tubesret kifarg adap utnetret alop aynkadit ada tahilem nagned

iskiderpid gnay Y ialin halada Y ubmus nad )DERPZ( laudiser halada X

.)DISERS(

:sisilana rasaD

.1 repes ,utnetret alop ada akiJ kitit it - utnetret alop kutnebmem ada gnay kitit

halet akam ,)tipmeynem naidumek rabelem ,gnabmolegreb( rutaret gnay

.satisitsadeksoreteh idajret

.2 kitit atres salej gnay alop ada kadit akiJ - id nad sata id rabeynem kitit

akam Y ubmus adap )lon( 0 ubmus hawab .satisitsadekoreteh idajret kadit

:naijugneP airetirK

akiJ gis pmysa gnisam adap . - ,%5 < nednepedni lebairav gnisam

.satisitsadeksoreteh imalagnem akam

:isalerok isakifingis ijU


58

.1 aratna isaleroK isavitom nagned husa alop

oH aratna isalerok ada kadiT : tom isavi nagned husa alop .

aH : aratna isalerok adA isavitom nagned husa alop .

.2 aratna isaleroK isavitom nagned isatserp

oH aratna isalerok ada kadiT : isavitom nagned isatserp

aH : aratna isalerok adA isavitom nagned isatserp

sadeksoreteh naijugnep lisaH satisit ahasuariwreb kutnu tanim

id lebat adap tahilid tapad knaR namraepS isaleroK iju nakanuggnem nagned

:ini hawab

lebaT V. 11 adeksoreteH ijU lisaH satisits ahasuraiwreb awsis tanim )knaR namraepS (

lebairav aumes awhab nakkujunem sataid lebat adap nakrasadreB

.50,0 irad raseb hibel aynialin naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay nednepedni

nakanugid gnay iserger naamasrep malad awhab naklupmisid tapad ini laH

it satisitsadeksoreteh idajret kad ata lasam ada kadit u .satisitsadeksoreteh ha

isavitoM aloP isatserP

dezidradnatsnUlaudiseR

'namraepSohr s

isavitoM noitalerroCtneiciffeoC 000.1 - 830. 891. * 990.

2( .giS - )deliat . 146. 370. 322.

aloP noitalerroCtneiciffeoC - 830. 000.1 071. * - 140.

2( .giS - )deliat 146. . 260. 216.

isatserP noitalerroCtneiciffeoC 891. * 071. * 000.1 - 0. 32

2( .giS - )deliat 370. 260. . 287.


noitalerroCtneiciffeoC 990. - 140. - 320. 000.1

2( .giS - )deliat 322. 216. 287. . 2( level 50.0 eht ta tnacifingis si noitalerroC .* - .)deliat

251 = N esiwtsiL .a ,nahalo lisaH :rebmuS 2102


68

T irad hibel )gis( nakifingis ialin uata nakifingis gnay gnutih t ialin ada kadi

)50,0 > p( 50,0 ialin alibapA - raseb hibel isnakifingis ialin irad fo level

tnacifingis tisitsadeksoreteh idajret kadit naklupmisid akam .sa id lebat iraD

ngis ialin awhab tahilret sata lebairav isnakifi isavitom ,0 rasebes 322 , lebairav

husa alop ,0 rasebes 216 lebairav , isatserp ,0 rasebes 287 . hibel ialin aumeS

kadit naklupmisid tapad akam 50,0 irad raseb satisitsadeksoreteh idajret .

.3 uM ijU nilokitl i satire

tluM i lebairav nagnubuh halada satirenilok - aratnaid sabeb lebairav

ijugnem kutnu naujutreb satireinilokitlum ijU .aynnial gnay nagned utas

.sabeb lebairav ratna isalerok aynada nakumetid iserger ledom nagned hakapa

it kiab gnay iserger ledoM idajret kad .nednepedni lebairav aratna id isalerok

lebairav akam ,isalerokreb gnilas nednepnedni lebairav akiJ - kadit ini lebairav

isalerok ialin gnay nednepedni lebairav halada lanogotro lebairaV .lanogotro

lon nagned amas nednepedni lebairav amases ratna . isketednem kutnU

satireinilokitluM halasam aynada iserger ledom malad id akanuggnem naka n

,ini naitilenep malaD .FIV iju/arac u nagnubuh hakapa nakutnenem kutn

okitlum halasam sabeb lebairav audek ialin tahilem halada satireinil .FIV

)1 it akam ,01 < FIV akiJ satireinilokitlum idajret kad

)2 satireinilokitlum idajret akam ,01 > FIV akiJ


78

baT le V.12 ilokitluM ijU lisaH satirein eB awsiS taniM ahasuariwr

lah helorepid ,sataid SSPS tuptuo nakrasadreB - :tukireb iagabes lah

FIV raseB ecnareloT nad )rotcaF noitalfnI ecnairaV( lebat adaP .

stneiciffeoC tahilret 1 sata id ada FIV akgna ,sabeb lebairav agitek kutnu

( isavitom = 960,1 ; husa alop = 111,1 ; isatserp ,1 = .)021 ialin nakgnadeS

ecnareloT ( 1 irad gnaruk isavitom ,0 = 539 ; husa alop = 009,0 ; isatserp =

,0 398 ger ledom awhab naklupmisid tapad naikimed nagneD .) tubesret iser

.satiraenilokitlum alajeg idajret kadit

.D F ijU

nakanugid tapad ayniserger ledom hakapa ijugnem kutnu ini ijU

.tnedneped lebairav iskiderpmem kutnu padahret naijugnep mulebes numan

la sisetopih nad lon sisetopih nakutnetid ,nakukalid sisetopih aynfitanret

.uluhad

oH : nagned iserger ledom m aut gnaro husa alop nad isatserp ,isavito

kutnu awsis tanim iskiderpmem kutnu nakanugid tapad kadit

.ahasuariwreb .

stneiciffeoC a

ledoM

dezidradnatsnUstneiciffeoC

dezidradnatSstneiciffeoC

T .giS

ytiraenilloCscitsitatS

B tS rorrE .d ateB cnareloT

e FIV

1 )tnatsnoC( 475.69 000. 8E559.1 000.

isavitoM - 583. 000. - 744. - 8E963.1 000. 539. 960.1

aloP - 721. 000. - 952. - 7E977.7 000. 009. 111.1

isatserP - 953. 000. - 281. - 7E134.5 000. 398. 021.1


0.1 00 000. 528. 8E216.2 000. 000.1 000.1

taniM :elbairaV tnednepeD .a 2102 ,nahalo lisaH :rebmuS


88

aH : nagned iserger ledom m aut gnaro husa alop nad isatserp ,isavito

em kutnu nakanugid tapad .ahasuariwreb kutnu awsis tanim iskiderpm .

: tukireb iagabes lisah helorepid nakukalid gnay F ijU iraD

lebaT V.13

AVONA b

ledoM serauqS fo muS fD erauqS naeM F .giS

1 noissergeR 459.0671 3 589.685 285.3 510. a

laudiseR 315.05242 841 558.361

oT lat 764.11062 151

isavitoM ,aloP ,isatserP ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .a

taniM :elbairaV tnednepeD .b

2102 ,nahalo lisaH :rebmuS

F tapadid ,tset F uata AVONA iju iraD gnutih halada 285,3 nagned

N nasabebek tajared nad %5 = )α( isakifingis farat -m- = 1 251 – 3 – = 1 841

76,2 nakifingis akgna adap ( moc.sserpdrow.ogainahcidianuj//:ptth ). haleteS

F gnutih F nad lebat ialin nakgnidnabmem ayntujnales hakgnal akam ,iuhatekid

F gnutih F nagned lebat F alibapA . gnutih F > lebat ada awhab nakataynid tapad akam

nep F alibapa aynkilabes ,nakifingis hurag gnutih F < lebat nakataynid tapad akam

kadit awhab kutnu awsis tanim iskiderpmem kutnu nakanugid tapad

.ahasuariwreb F helorepid nagnutihrep lisah iraD gnutih = 285,3 F nakgnades lebat

76,2 F aynitra , gnutih F > lebat akam , awhab nakataynid tapad isatserp ,isavitom

aut gnaro husa alop nad awsis tanim iskiderpmem kutnu nakanugid tapad

kutnu ahasuariwreb idaj ,amiretid aH nad kalotid oH itrareb ini lah malaD .

awhab naklupmisid tapad aut gnaro husa alop nad isatserp ,isavitom d tapa

iskiderpmem nakanugid kutnu awsis tanim .ahasuariwreb


98

.E adnagreB isergeR sisilanA

.1 na lisaH adnagreb reinil iserger sisila

kadit ada iuhategnem kutnu nakukalid sisetopih naijugneP n ay

isubirtnok aut gnaro husa alop nad isatserp ,isavitom amasreb araces -s ama

adahret p awsis tanim gnay adnagreb reinil iserger nakanuggnem nagned

:ini hawabid tahilid tapad

lebaT V.14 kutnu adnagreB reiniL naamasreP awsiS taniM stneiciffeoC

ledoM

dezidradnatsnU stneiciffeoC

dezidradnatS stneiciffeoC

T .giS B rorrE .dtS ateB

1 )tnatsnoC( 475.69 506.01 601.9 000.

isavitoM - 583. 060. -0 744. - 873.6 000.

aloP - 721. 530. -0 952. - 426.3 000.

isatserP - 953. 241. -0 281. - 035.2 210.

tnednepeD. elbairaV : iM an t

adnagreb reinil naamasrep lebat nakrasadreB , ( )78:6002 ,ilazohG

sisilanaid gnay ateb neisifeok ialin akam isalerok adap utiay dezidradnats

stneiciffeoc lebairav anerak - naitilenep malad lebairav ini iaynupmem kadit

.gnutih nautas N erauqs R iali R ialin ulal iakapid kadit lebat adap erauqs

molok adap ateb neisifeok irad isalumuka lisah halada nakanugid gnay

nats stneiciffeoc dezidrad utiay rasebes - irad helorepid gnay 888,0 - (+744,0 -

(+)952,0 - .)281,0

yrammuS ledoM b

ledoM R erauqS R

R detsujdA

erauqS

rorrE .dtS fo

etamitsE eht

nibruD -

nostaW

1 465. a 913. 503. 074.7 024.1

aloP ,isavitoM ,isatserP ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .a

taniM :elbairaV tnednepeD .b


09

rasebes halada tanim padahret isavitom isubirtnoK - uata 744,0

rasebes - : 744,0 - awhab itra gnudnagnem uti laH .%33,05 =%001 x 888,0

asebes isubirtnok irebmem isavitom kutnu awsis tanim padahret %33,05 r

.ahasuariwreb p ialin akam 50,0=α isnakifingis takgnit adaP padahret

0,0( nailebmep 00 ,)50,0 (α < ) ini naitilenep amatrep sisetopih aggnihes

utiay aynnaranebek amiretid awsis isavitom reb isubirtnok nakifingis araces

et padahr ahasuariwreb kutnu awsis tanim .

op isubirtnoK rasebes halada tanim padahret aut gnaro husa al

- ,0 952 rasebes uata - ,0 952 : - =%001 x 888,0 71,92 gnudnagnem uti laH .%

awhab itra aut gnaro husa alop rasebes isubirtnok irebmem 71,92 padahret %

.ahasuariwreb kutnu awsis tanim akifingis takgnit adaP akam 50,0=α isn

p ialin 0,0( nailebmep padahret 00 < ) 50,0 (α ), audek sisetopih aggnihes

utiay aynnaranebek amiretid ini naitilenep awsis isavitom reb isubirtnok

padahret nakifingis araces ahasuariwreb kutnu awsis tanim .

im padahret awsis isatserp isubirtnoK rasebes halada tan - ,0 281 uata

rasebes - ,0 281 : - =%001 x 888,0 02,13 awhab itra gnudnagnem uti laH .%

awsis isatserp rasebes isubirtnok irebmem 02,13 awsis tanim padahret %

.ahasuariwreb kutnu p ialin akam 50,0=α isnakifingis takgnit adaP padahret

nailebmep 0,0( 1 .)50,0 (α < )2 ini naitilenep agitek sisetopih aggnihes

utiay aynnaranebek amiretid awsis isatserp reb isubirtnok nakifingis araces

padahret ahasuariwreb kutnu awsis tanim .

lebat nakrasadreB aynraseb yrammus ledom detsujda R2 rasebes

,0 503 ( uata 03 ,5 )% hab nakkujnunem ini laH . nagnabmus esatnesorp aw uata

isubirtnok nednepedni lebairav husa aloP nad rajaleb isatserP ,isavitoM(


19

aut gnaro ret ) ( nedneped lebairav padah ahasuariwreb kutnu tanim rasebes )

03 ,5 id gnay nednepedni lebairav isairav uatA .% d nakanug ledom mala

( aut gnaro husa aloP nad rajaleb isatserP ,isavitoM naksalejnem upmam )

rasebes 03 ,5 sairav % ( nedneped lebairav i ahasuariwreb kutnu awsis tanim ) .

rasebes aynasis nakgnadeS 5,96 lebairav helo naksalejid uata ihuragnepid %

nakkusamid kadit gnay nial .ini naitilenep ledom malad

.F nasahabmeP

id atad aumes haletes nad nakukalid gnay naitilenep nakrasadreB

lisah nad naitilenep lisah aumes nakiarugnem naka siluneP .sisilana

:aynnahalasamrep nagned iauses sisilana

.1 isubirtnoK adap awsis isavitom awsis tanim ahasuariwreb kutnu

raD ,helorepid halet gnay atad i kopeD 1 NKMS awsis awhab

mem akerem nakkareggnem nad gnorodnem gnay fitisop iskaer iaynup

.ahasuariwreb kutnu y lah aud adA ,awsis isavitom ihuragnepmem gna

amatrep kisnirtske huragnep utiay rad gnatad gnay udividni irid raul i

huragnep irebmem ipatet rajaleb kutnu nauamek padahret itrepes ,

nataigek malad isapisitrapreb atres tuki kutnu awsis isavitom

utas malad namet amases nagned utnabmem gnilas ,narajalebmep

opmolek idajnem tapad aynkopmolek raga kopmolek bret k nad kia

.naagrahgnep helorepmem tabika iagabes lubmit ini isavitom sineJ

idni ,udiv asib gnaro irad naaskap uata ,nahurus ,nakaja aynada anerak

nakukalem uam ai aynrihka naikimed gnay isidnok nagned aggnihes nial


29

.rajaleb uata utauses huragnep ,audeK kisnirtni gnay iagabes lubmit

p ada apnat iridnes udividni irid malad irad tabika irad nagnorod naaska

nial gnaro ridnes nauamek sata ipatet i , nad gnanes naasarep ada itrepes

narajalep amirenem taas nasob kadit sagut nakajregnem ayapureb ,

ad iaseles iapmas narajalep atam itukignem ulales ayapureb n

.naahasuariwek

M isavitom naktikgnabme aguj nad narep utas halas nakapurem

narajalebmep sesorp paites malad urug sagut , tapad surah urug

napudihek igab rajaleb iretam nad namalagnep ayngnitnep nakkujnunem

ed ,awsis kutnu radekes aynah nakub rajaleb naka awsis naikimed nagn

kutnu nanigniek helo gnorodid ipatet naka naijup uata ialin helorepmem

.aynnahutubek ihunemem tapad sisilana nad naitilenep lisah iraD

awhab naklupmisid awsis upmam isavitomem irid ayn wsis ,iridnes a

tapad lah nakukalem - ay lah nugnabmem atres fitaerk nad fitisop gn

aggnihes ,ujam hibel kutnu nanigniek tubesret lah ihuragnepmem naka

isubirtnok aynraseb tanim awsis kutnu .ahasuariwreb

.2 isubirtnoK adap awsis rajaleb isatserp kutnu awsis tanim

ahasuariwreb

tapad utiay isatserp irad lucnum gnay awsis huragnep nupadA

atar ialin irad tahilid - ,narajalep atam hupmenem awsis haletes atar

narajalep atam nagnalu nad ketkarp S .naahasuariwek S awsi 1 NKM

ikilimem kopeD saisutna tom nad em padahret isavi iagabreb ,lah macam

rajagnem rajaleb sesorp itrepes nad notonom kadit gnay gnusgnal ketkarp


39

nagnapal id , aggnihes rajaleb atres nakasarem tapad aguj awsis

.ahasuariwreb irad nagnutnuek helorepmem nad ialumem anamiagab

akididnep aynada nagneD awsis arap nakparahid naahasuariwek n tapad

sulul hadus akerem taas uata gnarakes irad ialum ahasuariwreb ialumem

taasid agrahreb gnay narajalebmep utaus idajnem tapad aggnihes ,itnan

id halet gnay atad iraD .sinsib naknalajnem nad ialumem naka awsis

tapad atar , - sib nad satnut ialin helorepmem awsis atar nakatak id a

B .naksaumem nakrasadre irad ruku id gnay isatserp narajalep atam ialin

naahasuariwek kopeD 1 NKMS awsis awhab naklupmisid tapad tubesret

iaynupmem namelS isubirtnok .ahasuariwreb kutnu tanim

.3 oK isubirtn aut gnaro husa alop adap ahasuariwreb kutnu awsis tanim

gnisaM - gnisam o iaynupmem aut gnar alop d pakis ipadahgnem mala

alibapA .kana malad id husa alop nakparenem malad halas aut gnaro

,agraulek kana gnabmek hubmut adap kapmadreb naka tubesret lah . iraD

nakparenem gnay aut gnaro kaynab ,renoisiuk iulalem helorepid gnay atad

op irebmem nagned ,sitarkomed gnay husa al gnuggnatreb gnay nasabebek

bawaj kana adap surah patet kana helo nakukalid gnay apa aynitra ,

epid tapad nad aut gnaro nasawagnep hawabid araces nakbawaj gnuggnatr

gnay aut gnarO .larom padahret sitarkomed husa alop nakukalrebmem

kana nagnabmekrep kutnu fitisop gnay kapmad awabmem naka inikayid

kana tubesret kutnu isavitom iaynupmem hadus kana akitek ,idaJ .

al kadit araces akam ,ahasuariwreb t aut gnaro gnusgn nakirebmem hale

ek nad nagnukud ep naayacr naknalajnem kutnu kana adapek kutneb haubes


49

aut gnaro nasawagnep malad nagnibmib nagned ahasuariw kaynaB .

p gnaroes akitek naklubmitid gnay huragne kutnu hilimem kana

utaus aynada apnat ahasuariwreb asarem kana taubmem gnay naaskap

nad gnanes kadit kadit .ayninalajnem taas namayn tubesret laH

erakid an nak akerem nad iridnes irid malad irad isavitom ikilimem

irad nagnukud nagnukgnil ahasuariwreb malad naujut nad tanim aggnihes

idajnem hibel nad tauk am .uj


59

IV BAB

PUTUNEP

.A nalupmiseK

atad nasahabmep nad atad sisilana nakrasadreB - lisah atad

:awhab nalupmisek kiratid tapad akam ,sata id naitilenep

.1 adA isubirtnok nakifingis gnay gnatnet tanim padahret awsis isavitom

ahasuariwreb kutnu awsis nakkujnutid ini laH . taas awsis nauamek adap

awsis ,askapret apnat nakukalid gnay rajagnem rajaleb sesorp itukignem

lisah naktapadnem nad taig nagned nagnalu nad sagut nakajregnem aguj

ahasuariwreb ketkarp adap awsis naatrestukiek uata naridaheK .kiab gnay

tapad saisutna gnay .iggnit gnay isavitom aynlucnum nakkujnunem

.2 adA isubirtnok nakifingis gnay padahret awsis rajaleb isatserp gnatnet

aumes ripmah nakanerakid ini laH .ahasuariwreb kutnu awsis tanim

s narajalep atam ialin helorepmem nednopser idajnem gnay awsi

y naahasuariwek awsis ,nagnapal ketkarp taas saisutnA .naksaumem gna

awsis awhab nakkujnunem ini laH .lamiskam gnay ahasu nakirebmem

.nakukal akerem gnay ahasu irad iggnit gnay tanim iaynupmem

.3 adA isubirtnok nakifingis gnay padahret aut gnaro husa alop gnatnet

awsis tanim nahurulesek araces nakkujnutid ini laH .ahasuariwreb kutnu

,isarkomed tafisreb halada nakirebid gnay husa alop awhab nagned

bawaj gnuggnatreb gnay nasabebek irebmem .


69

.B naitileneP nasatabreteK

ial aratna nasatabretek aparebeb tapadret ,ini naitilenep malaD :n

.1 utiay lebairav agit adap nakukalid aynah naitileneP isavitom , isatserp

rajaleb nad aut gnaro husa alop ahasuariwreb kutnu awsis tanim padahret ,

gnay lebairav kaynab hisam lahadap padahret isubirtnokreb awsis tanim

ahasuariwreb kutnu aynlasim sos sutats lai .nagnukgnil nad

.2 rudnum idajnem naitileneP ,halokes kusam muleb awsis naigabes nad

id anerak nak awsis - nagnalu inalajnem gnades awsis retsemes ggnihes a

agnalu rubil haletes nakukalid naitilenep .n

.C naraS

naras nupadA -s nakiapmasid nigni gnay nara nep malad halada naitile

:tukireb iagabes

.1 igaB halokeS

S faratreb halokes nasitnir iagabe kopeD 1 NKMS ,lanoisanretni

gnajnunem kutnU .kiab gnay satilisaf nad nanayalep nakirebmem hadus

nakirebmem nagned utiay narajalebmep sesorp malad awsis satifitka

y lausiv oidua utkaw id iakamem tapad awsis aumes aggnihes pukuc gna

.naamasreb gnay kiabrep aynada nagned nakparahiD na - nakiabrep

tanim habmanem naka tubesret awsis ahasuariwreb kutnu .


79

.2 uruG igaB

gnires hisam ,kopeD 1 NKMS id naahasuariwek urug rajagnem araC

akanuggnem urug uti niales ipateT .hamarec edotem n ikilimem

sativitaerk rajagnem malad , sativitaerk kutnu edotem nakatpicnem

urug nakanugid gnay narajalebmep aidem ,kiranem gnay narajalebmep

hibel idajnem salek anasaus habugnem tapad urug ,magar akenareb

niheS .kiab wsis tanim naktakgninem naka agg a nad rajaleb malad

.kiab hibel nagned ahasuariwreb nakparenem


89

AKATSUP RATFAD

.8991 .imisrahuS ,otnukirA naitileneP rudesorP .araskA aniB .TP :atrakaJ .

.0002 .rawzA igolokisP alakS nanusuyneP tsuP :atrakaygoY . .rajaleP aka

.4002 .seogA ,oyiraD ajameR nagnabmekreP igolokisP ailahG :atrakaJ . .aisenodnI

.2002 .onoijuM nad itaymiD narajalebmeP nad rajaleB .atpiC akeneR :atrakaJ .

.6002 .mamI ,ilazohG SSPS margorP nagned etairavitluM sisilanA isakilpA .

nU :gnarameS .orogenopiD satisrevi

.6991 .B,E ,kcolruH nagnabmekreP igolokisP : napudiheK natneR gnajnapeS .aggnalrE : atrakaJ

.3791 .B.E ,kcolruoH tnempoleveD tneselodA .ahsukagoK .lliH warG cM :oykoT .

.dtL

.3002 .gnobmeT ,aytesarP laedI nahusagneP aloP :atrakaJ . aideM .xelE.odnitupmoK

.0991 .otnawruP gnudnaB .nakididneP igolokisP .ayraK ajameR :

6002 .amU ,narakeS . sinsiB kutnu naitileneP igolodoteM abmelaS :atrakaJ .

.tapmE

.3891 .higgniS nagnabmekreP igolokisP .ailuM gnunuG KPB.TP :atrakaJ .

.0102 .higgniS tS .SSPS nagned isakilpA & pesnoK kirtemaraP kitsita :atrakaJ.aidemarG.TP

.0102 .nawainruK suitangI ,gnuyapiS naajrekeP sineJ ,irtsudnI ketkarP huragneP

kutnu KMS awsiS taniM padahret nagnukgniL isidnoK nad auT gnarOahasuariwreB . ispirkS evinU :atrakaygoY . .amrahD atanaS satisr

.4002 .onoyiguS naitileneP kutnU kitsitatS .atebaflA : gnudnaB .

.3002 .anayruS ujuneM sesorP nad taiK ,sitkarP namodeP utauS naahasuariweK

seskuS .tapmE abmelaS :atrakaJ .


99

,bibahC .M ,ahohT nakididnep isaulavE kinkeT arG ajaR .TP , ,adasreP odnif.6991 ,atrakaJ

.3891 .SW ,lekgniW rajaleB isaulavE nad nakididneP igolokisP :atrakaJ .

.aidemarG

.4891 .SW ,lekgniW rajaleB isaulavE nad nakididneP igolokisP :atrakaJ ..aidemarG

oytesarp//:ptth -h- liated_lekitra/di.ca.rianu.bew.11tsf - 70954 - NAKIDIDNEP -

rotkafrotkaF lmth.rajaleb isavitom padahret huragnepreb gnay

spb/4/3501191/338141/70/50/2102/daer/moc.kited.ecnanif//:ptth - halmuj -naruggnagnep - id - aisenodni - 167 - atuj - nurut -6


1 naripmaL

renoisiuK


RENOISIUK

idutS margorP nakididneP imonokE

nasuruJ nakididneP umlI nauhategneP laisoS

satlukaF naurugeK nad umlI nakididneP

satisrevinU amrahD atanaS

atrakaygoY

nagneD ,tamroh

nagneD alages nahadnerek itah halnaknanekrep ayas adap natapmesek ini

nohomem adapek araduaS - iraduaS kutnu nakgnaulem utkaw kanejes nagned

nakirebmem tapadnep nad napaggnat padahret naaynatrep - naaynatrep adap

renoisiuk tukireb ini iauses nagned nanikayek ,tapadnep atres gnay naadaek

es .aynraneb

naujuT irad naitilenep ini atames - atam aynah kutnu naujut anamid ,haimli

tapadnep araduas - iraduas tubesret naklupmis imak naka malad kutneb ispirks

: ludujnagned

agneP d rajaleB isatserP ,isavitoM hur eT auT gnarO husA aloP na padahr

awsiS taniM u kopeD 1 N KMS IIX saleK ahasuariwreB kutn .

satA nautnab araduas - iraduas malad bawajnem naaynatrep - id naaynatrep

hawab nakpacugnem imak ,ini kaynab .hisakamiret

,atrakaygoY iraurbeF 102 2

imak tamroH

itutsaiwD itseR


renoisiuK

halireB adnat ( gnalis x adap ) katok turunem gnay nabawaj araduas

iauses gnilap nagned nabawaj .araduas

.1 rajaleB isavitoM

oN naaynatreP ulaleS gnireS gnadaK- gnadak gnaraJ kadiT

hanrep .1 ,rajaleb lawdaj taubmem ayaS

ayas rajaleb gnajnunem kutnu

.2 lah tatacnem ayaS - lah gnitnep nesod helo naksalejid gnay

natatac ukub malad

.3 nasob kadit nad gnanes asareM nasalejnep nakragnednem alib

nesod

4. nagned ahasureb ayaS ikilim ayas gnay naupmamek

atic iapacnem kutnu - ayas atic

5. gnay laos naktapadnem aliBhareynem gnatnap ayas ,tilus

6. helo RP/sagut nakirebid taaSyapureb ayas ,urug a kutnu

laos aumes nakiaseleynemiaseles iapmas

7. urug adapek aynatreb ayaS gnay narajalep iretam gnatnet

itregnemid kadit

8. nagned kamiynem ayaS amaskes raga ,urug nasalejnep

gnay iretam imahamem tapadnakirebid

9. ek gnatad ahasureb ayaS kadit raga ,irah paites halokes

narajalep iretam nalaggnitek

01 . imahaem nad acabmem ayaS nupualaw ,narajalep atam ukub

nasob ayas taubmem uti lah

11 . sagut nakiabagnem ayaS - sagut gnay ada mulebes ,hakokes

aynrugenem

.21 aynah halokes ayas turuneM hazaji helorepmem kutnu

31 . satinitur iakuynem ayaShalokes id nataigek

.41 alib gnatnatret asarem ayaSisatserpreb nial namet tahilem


51 . alib rajaleb gnanes hibel ayaS narajalebmep gnukudnem urug

ayas 5 4 3 2 1

.2 auT gnarO husA aloP

oN naaynatreP ulaleS gnireS gnadaK -gnadak

gnaraJ kadiThanrep

.1 gnaro awhab asarem ayaS nagned ipaggnanem aut

nahulek gnatnet itah gnanes halokesid imala ayas gnay

.2 naka uhat asarem aut gnarO ayas nahutubek alages aynatreb hanrep apnat

ayas adap uluhad

.3 ,tabmalret gnalup ayas akiJ naka aut gnao nakaynanem

gnalup ayas nasala apatabmalret

.4 gnaro ,ayas agraulek malaD rutagnem gnay halaut

kana naulrepek aumes -aynkana

.5 kadit uata gnalup ayaS kadit aut gnaro ,hamurekaynnakiludrepmem hanrep

.6 ayas nakraibmem aut gnarO niamreb utkaw satab apnat

.7 kadit ayas nairahes akiJ aut gnaro,hamurid kapman

aynnakraibmem naka

.8 nakitahrepmem aut gnarOnahutubek - ayas nahutubek

.9 naka aut gnarO ayas adap naksalejnem

helob kadit ayas apagnem tural iapmas niamreb

malam

.01 askiremem akus aut gnarOgnarab - apnat ayas gnarab

uluhad hibelret aracibrebayas nagned

.11 gnorodnem aut gnarO itukignem ayas taas hunep

naabmolrep utaus


.21 napaggnareb aut gnarO nataigek awhab

kadit relukilukartskeayas igab gnitnep

.31 akij haram naka akereM tapad kadit ayas

hatnirep nakanaskalem nasalejnep atnimem apnat

ayas irad

.41 aut gnaro ,ayas turuneM nakitahrepmem gnaruk

nahutubek - ayas nahutubek

.51 nakbijawid ayas ini amaleS naruta iturunem kutnu

aut gnaro tapad apnat tapadnep nakakumegnem

ayas

.61 nakpatenem aut gnarO hamur id ajrek naigabmep

itaatid surah nad

.71 akus gnaruk ayas aut gnarO ayas adap nakuhatirebmem

nad nahibelek gnatnet ayrak lisah nagnarukek

ayas

.81 imalagnem ayas taaS malad natilusek

sagut nakajregnem - sagut kadit aut gnaro ,halokes

aynnakiludrepmem

.91 ayas naktabilem aut gnarO taubmem nigni akij

hamur id urab narutarep

.02 aut gnaro ,ayas turuneM tapadnep paites iagrahgnem

.nakakumek ayas gnay

.3 ahasuariwreB taniM

oN naaynatreP ulaleS gnireS gnadaK -

gnadak gnaraJ kadiThanrep

.1 nigni tagnas ayaS tapad raga ahasuariwreb

ajrek nagnapal nakatpicnemnial gnaro igab nad iridnes

2. ahasuariwreb kutnu ugar ayaS kadit itnan tukat anerak


seskus ahasuariwreb malad 3. ahasuariwreb uam kadit ayaS

id ajrekeb nigni anerakutnetret naahasurep

4. ukub acabmem gnanes ayaS ahasuariwreb seskus hasik

habmanem tapad anerakahasuariw ianegnem nasawaw

5. namet ada akij gnanes ayaS gnay kutnu kajagnem

ahasuariw akubmem

6. itukignem gnanes kadit ayaS nagnubuhreb gnay nataigek

id naahasuariwek nagnedhalokes

7. ahasuariwreb naggne ayaSlicek aynlisah anerak

8. gnubanem gnanes ayaS kutnu lakeb iagabes

ahasu akubmem

9. ahasu akubmem nigni ayaS uggnunem adap irad iridnes

naajrekep nagnowol

01 . gnaro nalisahrebkaditeK kadit ahasuariwreb malad hatap ayas taubmem naka

ahasuariwreb kutnu tagnames

11 . ikilimem gnaruk ayaS kutnu nemtimok

ahasuariwreb

21 . ayas ahasuariwreb nagneD gnuggnatreb kutnu rajaleb

ahasu alolegnem malad bawaj

31 . naras nakitahrepmem ayaS ahasuariwreb kutnu aut gnaro

KMS tamat haletes

41 . idajnem tukat kadit ayaS nupualaw nawahasuariw

utnenem kadit aynlisah

51 . ayaS ahasu nagned nikay lisahreb naka sarek gnay gnay ahasuariw idajnem

seskus


2 naripmaL

satilibailernadsatidilavijU


taniMsatilibaileRnadsatidilaV

yrammuS gnissecorP esaC

N %

sesaC dilaV 02 8.85

dedulcxE a 41 2.14

latoT 43 0.001 eht ni selbairav lla no desab noiteled esiwtsiL .a

.erudecorp

scitsitatS ytilibaileR

s'hcabnorCahplA smetI fo N

308. 51

metI - scitsitatS latoT

fi naeM elacS

deteleD metI

fi ecnairaV elacS

deteleD metI

metI detcerroC -

noitalerroC latoT

derauqS elpitluM

noitalerroC

s'hcabnorC

metI fi ahplA

deteleD

1_ritub 59.55 799.03 4. 32 479. 908.

2_ritub 57.65 288.92 4. 18 779. 018.

3_ritub 09.65 865.72 224. 218. 197.

4_ritub 53.75 555.82 955. 669. 487.

5_ritub 06.65 488.82 153. 979. 697.

6_ritub 55.65 286.82 553. 299. 697.

7_ritub 01.65 977.92 673. 589. 597.

8_ritub 07.65 358.82 4. 61 199. 997.

9_ritub 03.65 472.72 605. 509. 487.

01_ritub 05.65 000.72 994. 688. 487.

11_ritub 59.65 787.62 705. 179. 487.

21_ritub 03.65 509.72 945. 559. 387.

31_ritub 06.65 741.82 993. 879. 397.

41_ritub 57.65 677.72 156. 619. 877.

51_ritub 01.65 488.72 125. 679. 487.


scitsitatS elacS

naeM ecnairaV noitaiveD .dtS smetI fo N

06.06 741.23 076.5 51

isavitoMsatilibaileRnadsatidilaV yrammuS gnissecorP esaC

N %

sesaC dilaV 02 4.17

dedulcxE a 8 6.82

latoT 82 0.001 eht ni selbairav lla no desab noiteled esiwtsiL .a

.erudecorp


ahplA s'hcabnorC smetI fo N

208. 51


metI fi naeM elacSdeteleD

fi ecnairaV elacSdeteleD metI

metI detcerroC -noitalerroC latoT

ahplA s'hcabnorCdeteleD metI fi

1_ritub 50.45 298.22 924. 347. 2_ritub 52.45 052.32 804. 127. 3_ritub 58.45 920.42 054. 517. 4_ritub 02.35 985.22 963. 007. 5_ritub 50.45 286.81 826. 446.

6_ritub 09.35 352.91 725. 756. 7_ritub 03.45 246.02 014. 676. 8_ritub 59.35 162.81 266. 736. 9_ritub 09.25 488.32 794. 517.

01_ritub 05.45 248.12 793. 986. 11_ritub 57.35 930.12 173. 186.



scitsitatS elacS


57.75 176.32 568.4 51

HUSA ALOP

yrammuS gnissecorP esaC

N %

sesaC dilaV 02 7.66

dedulcxE a 01 3.33

latoT 03 0.001 .a eht ni selbairav lla no desab noiteled esiwtsiL

.erudecorp


s'hcabnorCahplA smetI fo N

338. 02


fi naeM elacS

deteleD metI fi ecnairaV elacS

deteleD metI metI detcerroC -

noitalerroC latoT

s'hcabnorC metI fi ahplA

deteleD


5_ritub 01.96 853.36 484. 027. 6_ritub 03.96 985.36 393. 427. 7_ritub 01.96 741.56 825. 037. 8_ritub 03.07 985.55 126. 396. 9_ritub 07.96 008.35 057. 086.

01_ritub 53.07 543.06 883. 027. 11_ritub 59.96 313.56 835. 447. 21_ritub 54.96 675.06 844. 317. 31_ritub 58.07 166.86 954. 167. 41_ritub 52.07 541.55 195. 496. 51_ritub 07.07 509.75 963. 617.

61_ritub 09.07 590.66 044. 957.


71_ritub 04.07 488.26 535. 827.

81_ritub 09.96 240.35 597. 576. 91_ritub 59.07 663.85 034. 117. 02_ritub 51.07 431.65 336. 496.

scitsitatS elacS


58.37 679.66 481.8 02


3 naripmaL

satilamronijulisaH


ijU satilamron

yrammuS ledoM b

ledoM R erauqS R R detsujdA

erauqS eht fo rorrE .dtS

etamitsE

1 465. a 913. 503. 074.7

aloP ,isavitoM ,isatserP ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .a taniM :elbairaV tnednepeD .b

AVONA b

ledoM serauqS fo muS fd erauqS naeM F .giS

1 noissergeR 495.1683 3 891.7821 760.32 000. a

laudiseR 227.8528 841 208.55 latoT 613.02121 151


stneiciffeoC a

ledoM

stneiciffeoC dezidradnatsnU dezidradnatS

stneiciffeoC

t .giS B rorrE .dtS ateB

1 )tnatsnoC( 475.69 506.01 601.9 000.

isavitoM - 583. 060. - 744. - 873.6 000.

aloP - 721. 530. - 952. - 426.3 000.

isatserP - 953. 241. - 281. - 035.2 210.

taniM :elbairaV tnednepeD .a


satireinilokitlumijU

stneiciffeoC a

ledoM

scitsitatS ytiraenilloC

ecnareloT FIV

1 isavitoM 539. 960.1

aloP 009. 111.1

isatserP 398. 021.1 taniM :elbairaV tnednepeD .a

snoitalerroC tneiciffeoC a

ledoM isatserP isavitoM aloP

1 snoitalerroC isatserP 000.1 - 312. - 682.

isavitoM - 312. 000.1 491.

aloP - 682. 491. 000.1

secnairavoC isatserP 020. - 200. - 100.

isavitoM - 200. 400. 000.

aloP - 100. 000. 100.


stneiciffeoC a

ledoM

dezidradnatsnUstneiciffeoC

dezidradnatSstneiciffeoC

T .giS

ytiraenilloCscitsitatS

B rorrE .dtS ateB cnareloT

e FIV

1 )tnatsnoC( 475.69 000. 8E559.1 000.

isavitoM - 583. 000. - 744. - 8E963.1 000. 539. 960.1

aloP - 721. 000. - 952. - 7E977.7 000. 009. 111.1

isatserP - 953. 000. - 281. - 7E134.5 000. 398. 021.1


000.1 000. 528. 8E216.2 000. 000.1 000.1



satisitsadeksoretehijulebaT

isavitoM aloP isatserP


mraepSohr s'na

isavitoM noitalerroCtneiciffeoC

000.1 - 830. 891. * 990.

2( .giS - )deliat . 146. 370. 322.

aloP noitalerroCtneiciffeoC

- 830. 000.1 071. * - 140.

.giS 2( - )deliat 146. . 260. 216.

isatserP noitalerroCtneiciffeoC

891. * 071. * 000.1 - 320.

.giS 2( - )deliat 370. 260. . 287.


noitalerroCtneiciffeoC

990. - 140. - 320. 000.1

2( .giS - )deliat 322. 216. 287. .

2( level 50.0 eht ta tnacifingis si noitalerroC .* - .)deliat

251 = N esiwtsiL .a

2102 ,nahalo lisaH :rebmuS


isalerokotuaijU

yrammuS ledoM b



etamitsE nibruD - nostaW

1 465. a 913. 503. 074.7 024.1


AVONA b

ledoM fo muS serauqS fD erauqS naeM F .giS

1 noissergeR 495.1683 3 891.7821 760.32 000. a

laudiseR 227.8528 841 208.55 latoT 613.02121 151


stneiciffeoC a

ledoM

stneiciffeoC dezidradnatsnU dezidradnatS

stneiciffeoC


1 )tnatsnoC( 475.69 506.01 601.9 000.

isavitoM - 583. 060. - 744. - 873.6 000.

aloP - 721. 530. - 952. - 426.3 000.

isatserP - 953. 241. - 281. - 035.2 210.


scitsitatS slaudiseR a

muminiM mumixaM naeM noitaiveD .dtS N

eulaV detciderP 62.52 31.25 93.93 750.5 251

eulaV detciderP .dtS - 597.2 815.2 000. 000.1 251

detciderP fo rorrE dradnatS

eulaV 016. 692.2 071.1 613. 251

eulaV detciderP detsujdA 53.42 86.25 93.93 470.5 251


laudiseR - 384.61 606.91 000. 693.7 251

laudiseR .dtS - 702.2 526.2 000. 099. 251

laudiseR .dutS - 242.2 646.2 000. 200.1 251

laudiseR deteleD - 510.71 429.91 700. 975.7 251

laudiseR deteleD .dutS - 372.2 207.2 200. 900.1 251

ecnatsiD .lahaM 510. 772.31 089.2 981.2 251

ecnatsiD s'kooC 000. 840. 600. 010. 251

eulaV egareveL deretneC 000. 880. 020. 410. 251



3 naripmaL

isergerijU


isergerijU

yrammuS ledoM b



etamitsE nibruD - nostaW

1 465. a 913. 503. 074.7 024.1


AVONA b

ledoM serauqS fo muS fd erauqS naeM F .giS

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