SELAT MELAKA DAN SELAT MELAKA DAN KESELAMATAN SERANTAUKESELAMATAN SERANTAU

ISKANDAR SAZLANISKANDAR SAZLANPENYELIDIK KANANPENYELIDIK KANAN

MARITIME INSTITUTE OF MALAYSIAMARITIME INSTITUTE OF MALAYSIA

11.. MerupakanMerupakan salahsalah satusatu laluanlaluan utamautama ekonomiekonomi duniadunia

2.2. 25% 25% jumlahjumlah perdaganganperdagangan duniadunia

3.3. BilanganBilangan kapalkapal melaluimelalui SelatSelat MelakaMelaka

2003 2003 62,33462,33420022002 62,393 62,393 20012001 59,31459,31420002000 55,95555,955

1.1. MenghubungiMenghubungi 20 20 pelabuhanpelabuhan terminal terminal kontenakontena utamautamaduniadunia didi Asia Asia PasifikPasifik

2.2. 54% 54% pergerakanpergerakan kontenakontena duniadunia

Hong Kong (1)Hong Kong (1)Singapore (2)Singapore (2)PusanPusan (3)(3)Shanghai (4)Shanghai (4)KaoshiungKaoshiung (5)(5)ShenzhenShenzhen (6)(6)Port Port KlangKlang (12)(12)Manila (19)Manila (19)Tokyo (20)Tokyo (20)

UNCTAD 2002UNCTAD 2002

1.1. MenjadiMenjadi lebihlebih kritikalkritikal didi masamasa hadapanhadapan -- ChinaChina

2.2. 2002 2002 puratapurata 45 VLCC 45 VLCC setiapsetiap harihari –– lebihlebih 10 10 jutajuta tong tong minyakminyak

3.3. MenjelangMenjelang 2010 2010 dijangkadijangka meningkatmeningkat kepadakepada 60 VLCC60 VLCC

4.4. 80% petroleum 80% petroleum JepunJepun

5.5. LaluanLaluan alternatifalternatif tidaktidak effisyeneffisyenkurangnyakurangnya kemudahankemudahan pelayaranpelayaranlebihlebih jauhjauh dan dan meningkatkanmeningkatkan koskosterdedahterdedah kepadakepada ancamanancaman lanunlanun

SelatSelat Melaka dan Melaka dan InstrumenInstrumen PerundanganPerundanganAntarabangsaAntarabangsa

1.1. 27 27 OktOkt. 1969. 1969Agreement between the Government of Malaysia and the Agreement between the Government of Malaysia and the Government of Indonesia on Delimitation of the Continental Government of Indonesia on Delimitation of the Continental Shelves between the two countriesShelves between the two countries

2.2. 17 Mac 197017 Mac 1970Treaty between the Republic of Indonesia on Malaysia on the Treaty between the Republic of Indonesia on Malaysia on the Delimitation of boundary of territorial waters of the two nationDelimitation of boundary of territorial waters of the two nations s at the Straits of Malaccaat the Straits of Malacca

3.3. 16 Nov 197116 Nov 1971Joint Statement of the Government of Indonesia, MalaysiaJoint Statement of the Government of Indonesia, Malaysiaand Singaporeand Singapore

4.4. 21 21 DisDis 19711971Agreement between Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia Agreement between Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia relating to the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf relating to the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf Boundaries in the Northern Part of the Straits of Boundaries in the Northern Part of the Straits of MalaccaMalacca

5.5. 24 24 OktOkt 19791979Treaty between the Kingdom of Thailand and Malaysia Treaty between the Kingdom of Thailand and Malaysia Relating to Delimitation of the Territorial Seas of the Two Relating to Delimitation of the Territorial Seas of the Two CountriesCountries

6.6. 21 21 DisDis 19791979Peta Peta MenunjukanMenunjukan SempadanSempadan PerairanPerairan dan dan Pelantar Pelantar BenuaBenua MalaysiaMalaysia

7.7. 19 Nov 198119 Nov 1981IMCO Assembly Resolution on Navigation through the Straits IMCO Assembly Resolution on Navigation through the Straits of Malacca and Singaporeof Malacca and Singapore

8.8. 14 14 OktOkt 19961996UNCLOS IIIUNCLOS III

UNCLOS 1982UNCLOS 1982BahagianBahagian IIIIIIStraits Used for International NavigationStraits Used for International NavigationArtikel Artikel 3838

11 ……all ships and aircraft enjoy the right of all ships and aircraft enjoy the right of transit passagetransit passage....

22 ……transit passage means the exercise in transit passage means the exercise in accordance with this Part of the freedom of accordance with this Part of the freedom of navigation and navigation and overflight overflight solely for the solely for the purpose of purpose of continuouscontinuous and and expeditiousexpeditious transit transit of the straitsof the straits……

IsuIsu--Isu Isu Semasa Semasa

Jenayah Rentas SempadanJenayah Rentas Sempadan•• PelanunanPelanunan•• PenyeludupanPenyeludupan

Unsur Pihak KetigaUnsur Pihak Ketiga

Pertikaian SempadanPertikaian Sempadan MaritimMaritim

Rompakan Rompakan dan dan Pelanunan Pelanunan di Selat di Selat Melaka 2003Melaka 2003

Asia Tenggara: 2000Asia Tenggara: 2000

Number of Incidents, Malacca Straits

74

172 3 0 1 1

18

01020304050607080

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Year

Num

ber

Comparison of IMB and MECC Data: Strait of Malacca, 1993-2002

12

40

43 2 3 0 1 2

75

18114754

1

185

17

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Year

MECC

IMB

PenyeludupanPenyeludupan

Berkait rapat dengan Berkait rapat dengan lainlain--lain lain unsur unsur jenayahjenayah

Kemasukan pendatang tanpa izinKemasukan pendatang tanpa izin, , barangan bercukaibarangan bercukai ((rokokrokok, , alkoholalkohol, , tekstiltekstil), ), dadahdadah, , senjata apisenjata api, , petroleum.petroleum.

REGIONAL MARITIME SECURITY REGIONAL MARITIME SECURITY INITIATIVE INITIATIVE –– SELAT MELAKASELAT MELAKA

Terletak di tengahTerletak di tengah--tengah peta operasitengah peta operasi US Pacific FleetUS Pacific Fleet

KenyataanKenyataan Thomas FargoThomas Fargo

“…“… Expeditionary forces (naval and marine Expeditionary forces (naval and marine forces), collected with appropriate highforces), collected with appropriate high--speed lift speed lift and interdiction assets, ensure we can respond and interdiction assets, ensure we can respond with regionally tailored power in short with regionally tailored power in short noticenotice……tailored air packages, based and launched tailored air packages, based and launched from capable maritime platform from capable maritime platform …… provide provide security in littoral regionssecurity in littoral regions…”…”

1 Jun 2003, Shangri1 Jun 2003, Shangri--la Dialoguela Dialogue

“…“… this initiative will this initiative will complement other effortscomplement other effortsalready underway to enhance security in places like already underway to enhance security in places like Singapore and Malaysia Singapore and Malaysia …… we need to gain an we need to gain an awareness of the Maritime Domain awareness of the Maritime Domain …… particularly particularly important in the challenging littoral regions of important in the challenging littoral regions of Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia…… I have to say this initiative appears I have to say this initiative appears to have very broad appealto have very broad appeal……

“…“… We are We are moving towardmoving toward a Strategic a Strategic Framework Agreement with Singapore Framework Agreement with Singapore …… these these alliance are focused on alliance are focused on guarding Southeast Asiaguarding Southeast Asiafrom from terrorism, piracy, drugs, and other transterrorism, piracy, drugs, and other trans--national threatsnational threats …”…”

13 Feb. 2004: Remarks at Singapore Command and Staff 13 Feb. 2004: Remarks at Singapore Command and Staff College, SingaporeCollege, Singapore

“…“… RMSI is RMSI is USPACOMUSPACOM’’ss effort to effort to operationalizeoperationalizethese initiative these initiative …… working first with other navies working first with other navies of the region, our approach is to assess and then of the region, our approach is to assess and then provide detail plans to build and synchronize provide detail plans to build and synchronize interagency and international capacity to fight interagency and international capacity to fight threats threats …… we have found this concept we have found this concept well well receivedreceived by our friends and allies in the region.by our friends and allies in the region.””

““ …… Singapore Singapore …… with outspoken support for a with outspoken support for a strong US presence in Southeast Asia...strong US presence in Southeast Asia...””

31 Mac 2004: Testimony before the House of Armed 31 Mac 2004: Testimony before the House of Armed Services Committee, Washington D.CServices Committee, Washington D.C

Penafian Penafian

“…“…II’’m told that it was m told that it was misreportedmisreported and then and then repeated, as happens in liferepeated, as happens in life…… and pretty soon it and pretty soon it becomes fact almost...Ibecomes fact almost...I’’m not going to get into m not going to get into it. Whatit. What’’s important is that we have a lot of s important is that we have a lot of friends and a lot of good allies in the region, friends and a lot of good allies in the region, and the United States is not going to be doing and the United States is not going to be doing anything that we havenanything that we haven’’t discussed with them t discussed with them and coordinated with and cooperated withand coordinated with and cooperated with…”…”

Donald Rumsfeld, 3 Jun 2004Donald Rumsfeld, 3 Jun 2004

22 “…“… there are lots of strange stories. We have there are lots of strange stories. We have no no intentionsintentions in the Straits of Malaccain the Straits of Malacca…”…”

James A. Kelly, US Assistant Secretary of State for East James A. Kelly, US Assistant Secretary of State for East Asia and Asia Pacific, 11.Asia and Asia Pacific, 11.MeiMei.2004.2004

3.3. “…“… it will not be US forces that do thatit will not be US forces that do that. It will not . It will not be US forces coming down unnecessarily and do be US forces coming down unnecessarily and do anything aggressive..anything aggressive..””

Adm. Walter Doran, Commander US Pacific Fleet, 6.Jun Adm. Walter Doran, Commander US Pacific Fleet, 6.Jun 20042004

InstrumenInstrumen RMSIRMSI

Capt. William Wesley, Capt. William Wesley, PengarahPengarah RancangRancang dan dan PolisiPolisi, Pacific Fleet , Pacific Fleet menyatakanmenyatakan matlamatmatlamat asalasalRMSI RMSI ialahialah membinamembina rangkaianrangkaian negaranegara--negaranegaraserantauserantau untukuntuk mengenalpastimengenalpasti, , memantaumemantau dan dan mengekangmengekang jenayahjenayah rentasrentas sempadansempadan mengikutmengikutperundanganperundangan antarabangsaantarabangsa dan dan domestikdomestik..

maklumatmaklumat yang yang diterimaditerima membolehkanmembolehkan agensiagensiterbabitterbabit menguatkuasakannyamenguatkuasakannya didi perairanperairanwilayahwilayah masingmasing--masingmasing..

RMSI dan RMSI dan SelatSelat MelakaMelaka

PerananPeranan SingapuraSingapura

MempromosikanMempromosikan AmerikaAmerika SyarikatSyarikat

Status Status hubunganhubungan ketenteraanketenteraan

PangkalanPangkalan logistiklogistik dan dan ChangiChangi

PenggantunganPenggantungan maritimmaritim –– ekonomiekonomi $474 $474 billion 2003billion 2003SektorSektor petroleum petroleum menyumbangmenyumbang $58.2 $58.2 iaituiaitupeningkatanpeningkatan 15% 15% padapada tahuntahun 20032003

pro pro aktifaktif tahaptahap keselamatankeselamatan serantauserantau –– PSI & PSI & SUASUA

mengaitkanmengaitkan perlanunanperlanunan dan dan keganasankeganasanmaritimmaritim –– DewiDewi MadrimMadrim

nonnon--statestate--actoractor

strategistrategi maritimmaritim

peningkatanpeningkatan fasafasa tenteratentera lautlaut –– kuasakuasabarubaru ASEANASEAN

Vietnam

2 X Super LynxThailand

1 X Lafayette Class

3 X Sjoormen ClassSingapore

Philippines

Myanmar

2 X Meko 100 FGS3 X Super Lynx 2 X AS 555 SN

4 X AS 555 SN3 X Super Lynx

Malaysia

Indonesia

Cambodia

2 X Yarrow FSBrunei

200520042003

Vietnam

Thailand

1 X Lafayette Class1 X Lafayette Class1 X Lafayette Class

Singapore

Philippines

Myanmar

1 X Scorpene6 X SU 30MKM

1 X Scorpene1 X Agosta12X SU 30MKM

Malaysia

Indonesia

Cambodia

Brunei

200820072006

TekananTekanan keke atasatas MalaysiaMalaysia

MengutarakanMengutarakan konsepkonsep RMSI RMSI melaluimelaluiperbincanganperbincangan negaranegara terpilihterpilih sahajasahaja

MengaitkanMengaitkan perlanunanperlanunan//rompakanrompakan didi lautlautdengandengan aktivitiaktiviti pengganaspengganas

CubaanCubaan mengelirukanmengelirukan status status SelatSelat Melaka Melaka

CSI CSI –– eksporteksport senjata senjata

PSIPSI

Tindakan Tindakan MalaysiaMalaysia

Coordinated patrolCoordinated patrol•• Melaka StraitsMelaka Straits--Singapore Coordinated Singapore Coordinated

Patrols (MSSCP)Patrols (MSSCP)•• MalaysiaMalaysia--IndonesiaIndonesia--SingapuraSingapura

Penubuhan Agensi Penguatkuasaan Penubuhan Agensi Penguatkuasaan Maritim MalaysiaMaritim MalaysiaMenolak penglibatan langsung oleh Menolak penglibatan langsung oleh pihak asing pihak asing ((Amerika SyarikatAmerika Syarikat, India, , India, JepunJepun))

Pertikaian Sempadan Pertikaian Sempadan MaritimMaritim

MalaysiaMalaysia--IndonesiaIndonesiaTafsiran baru mengenai Tafsiran baru mengenai persempadanan maritim berdasarkan persempadanan maritim berdasarkan UNCLOS IIIUNCLOS III•• Bahagian Bahagian 2, 2, Artikel Artikel 3 3 –– 12 12 batu nautikabatu nautika•• Kedudukan Kedudukan Pulau Jarak dan Pulau PerakPulau Jarak dan Pulau Perak

Perluasan Perluasan ZEE Indonesia ZEE Indonesia di Selat di Selat MelakaMelaka

KesimpulanKesimpulan

AdanyaAdanya usahausaha--usahausaha sistematiksistematik

MembabitkanMembabitkan isu perlanunanisu perlanunan dan dan keganasan keganasan •• Keganasan maritimKeganasan maritim

DominasiDominasi SelatSelat MelakaMelaka

TerimaTerima kasihkasih