mrsm-biologi-k1-spm-09

8/13/2019 MRSM-BIOLOGI-K1-SPM-09

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4551/1 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA SULIT

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1 The diagram shows a typical cell.Rajah menunjukkan suatu sel tipikal.

What is X?

Apakah X?

A RibosomeRibosom

B Golgi apparatusJasad Golgi

C MitochondrionMitokondria

D ChloroplastKloroplas

2 Which of the following are plant organs?Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan organ tumbuhan?

I Leaf

Daun

II Root

Akar

III Epidermis

Epidermis

IV Xylem

Xilem

A I and IIB I and IIIC II and IVD III and IV

X


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3 The diagram shows an animal cell.Rajah menunjukkan sel haiwan.

Which of the following statements is trueabout structure X?

Antara berikut, yang manakahbenartentang struktur X?

A It allows only water to pass through itIa membenarkan hanya air melaluinya

B It does not allow any substances to pass through itIa tidak membenarkan mana-mana bahan melaluinya

C It allows only selected substances to pass through itIa hanya membenarkan bahan-bahan terpilih sahaja melaluinya

D It allows all substances to pass through itIa membenarkan semua bahan melaluinya

4 Which of the following solutions has the lowest osmotic pressure?Antara larutan berikut, yang manakah mempunyai tekanan osmosis yang paling

rendah?

A Pipe waterAir paip

B Distilled waterAir suling

C 0.1% sucrose solutionLarutan sukrosa 0.1%

D 0.5% sucrose solutionLarutan sukrosa 0.5%

X


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5 The diagram shows diffusion in potato cells.Rajah menunjukkan resapan dalam sel kentang.

What is solution X and solution Y ?

Apakah larutan X dan larutan Y ?

Solution X

Larutan X

Solution Y

Larutan Y

A Distilled water

Air suling

Distilled water

Air suling

B 10% sucrose solution

Larutan sukrosa 10%

10% sucrose solution

Larutan sukrosa 10%

C Distilled water

Air suling

10% sucrose solution

Larutan sukrosa 10%

D 10% sucrose solution

Larutan sukrosa 10%

Distilled water

Air suling

Solution X

Larutan X

PotatoKentang

Solution Y

Larutan Y

Solution X

Larutan X

Potato

KentangSolution Y

Larutan Y

Cover

Penutup

Cover

Penutup

Before experiment

Sebelum eksperimen

After experiment

Selepas eksperimen


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6 The diagram shows three types of protein structure.Rajah menunjukkan tiga jenis struktur protein.

X Y Z

Which of the following is the correctexample ?

Antara berikut, yang manakah contoh yangbetul?

X Y Z

A Enzyme

Enzim

Keratin

Keratin

Haemoglobin

Hemoglobin

B Keratin

Keratin

Haemoglobin

Hemoglobin

Enzyme

EnzimC Enzyme

Enzim

Haemoglobin

Hemoglobin

Keratin

Keratin

D Keratin

Keratin

Enzyme

Enzim

Haemoglobin

Hemoglobin

7 The diagram shows the synthesis of an enzyme in a cell.Rajah menunjukkan proses sintesis enzim dalam sel.

What will happen if organelle T is not present?

Apakah yang berlaku jika tiada organel T?

A Energy cannot be generatedTenaga tidak dapat dihasilkan

B Enzyme cannot be synthesizedEnzim tidak dapat disintesiskan

C Proteins synthesized cannot be modifiedProtein yang telah disintesiskan tidak dapat diubahsuai

D Proteins synthesized cannot be transportedProtein yang telah disintesiskan tidak dapat diangkut

Plasma membrane

Membran plasma

Enzyme

Enzim

Nucleus

Nukleus

T


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8 The diagram shows part of the contents of a cell nucleus.Rajah menunjukkan sebahagian kandungan dalam nukleus sel.

What is K?

Apakah K?

A ChromosomeKromosom

B GeneGen

C ChromatidKromatid

D Double helix DNADNA heliks ganda dua

9 The diagram shows the different stages of mitosis.Rajah menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat yang berbeza dalam mitosis.

Arrange the diagrams in the correct sequence.

Susun rajah tersebut dalam urutan yang betul.

A PQRSB QRPSC SRQPD SRPQ

P Q R S

K


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10 The diagram shows the homologous chromosomes in organisms P and Q beforemeiosis.

Rajah menunjukkan kromosom homolog dalam organisma P dan Q sebelum meiosis.

Organism P Organism Q

Organisma P Organisma Q

Which of the following shows the product of fertilisation between organism P and Q?

Antara berikut yang manakah merupakan hasil persenyawaan antara organisma Pdan organisma Q?

A B

C D


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11 The diagram shows the molecular structure of three food classes.Rajah menunjukkan struktur molekul tiga kelas makanan.

Which food classes do X, Y and Z belong to?

Dalam kelas makanan manakah X, Y dan Z berada?

X Y Z

A Carbohydrate

Karbohidrat

Protein

Protein

Lipid

Lipid

B Protein

Protein

Lipid

Lipid

Carbohydrate

Karbohidrat

C Protein

Protein

Carbohydrate

Karbohidrat

Lipid

Lipid

D Lipid

Lipid

Carbohydrate

Karbohidrat

Protein

Protein

12 Which of the following food pyramids fulfills the needs of a growing child?Antara piramid makanan berikut, yang manakah memenuhi keperluan seorang kanak-kanak yang sedang membesar?

A B

C D

X Y Z

FatLemak

Protein

Protein

Carbohydrate

Karbohidrat

Fruits

Buah-buahan

Fat

Lemak

Protein

Protein

Carbohydrate

Karbohidrat

Fruits

Buah-buahanFat

Lemak

Protein

Protein

Carbohydrate

Karbohidrat

Fruits

Buah-buahan

Fat

Lemak

Protein

Protein

Carbohydrate

Karbohidrat

FruitsBuah-buahan


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13 The diagram represents a chemical equation for digestion.Rajah mewakili persamaan kimia untuk proses pencernaan.

+ +

What are P and Q ?

Apakah P dan Q ?

P Q

A Sucrose

Sukrosa

Galactose

Galaktosa

B Sucrose

Sukrosa

Fructose

FruktosaC Starch

Kanji

Galactose

Galaktosa

D Starch

Kanji

Glucose

Glukosa

14 A patient had his gall bladder removed. Choose the most suitable menu for thispatient.

Seorang pesakit telah dibuang pundi hempedunya. Pilih menu yang paling sesuai

untuk pesakit tersebut.

Menu 1 Menu 2 Menu 3 Menu 4

Satay

Sate

Peanut sauce

Kuah kacang

Papaya

Betik

Nasi lemak

Nasi lemak

Cucumber

Timun

Teh tarik

Teh tarik

Roti canai

Roti canai

Fish curry

Kari ikan

Ice cream

Ais krim

Steamed fish

Ikan kukus

Rice

Nasi

Fruit jelly

Agar-agar buah

A Menu 1

B Menu 2

C Menu 3

D Menu 4

P QSucrase

Sukrase

Water

Air

Glucose

Glukosa


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15 The diagram shows a longitudinal section of a villus.Rajah menunjukkan keratan memanjang vilus.

Which of the following nutrients are found in P?

Antara nutrien berikut, yang manakah dijumpai di dalam P?I Glucose

Glukosa

II Amino AcidAsid Amino

III FatLemak

IV Vitamin DVitamin D

A I and III dan II

B III and IVIII dan IV

C I, II and IVI, II dan IV

D

II, III and IVII, III dan IV

P


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16 The following information shows the effects of macronutrient deficiency in plants.Maklumat berikut menunjukkan kesan kekurangan makronutrien dalam tumbuhan.

What is the macronutrient ?

Apakah makronutrien tersebut ?

A Potassium C Magnesium

Potasium Magnesium

B Nitrogen D Sulphur

Nitrogen Sulfur

17 The following statements refer to stage X during photosynthesis.Pernyataan berikut merujuk kepada peringkat X semasa fotosintesis.

Hydrogen ions are producedIon hidrogen dihasilkan

ATP is producedATP dihasilkan

Water molecules are broken downMolekul air terurai

What is stage X?

Apakah peringkat X?

A Decomposition of hydrocarbonsPereputan hidrokarbon

B Reduction of carbon dioxidePenurunan karbon dioksida

C Photolysis of waterFotolisis air

D Production of glucosePenghasilan glukosa

Reduced protein synthesisSinstesis protein berkurangan.

Yellow-edged leavesHujung daun bewarna kuning

Premature death of plantsKematian tumbuhan di peringkat awal


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18 The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.Graf menunjukkan kesan keamatan cahaya ke atas kadar fotosintesis.

Referring to curve J and K, what can you deduce about the rate of photosynthesis?

Merujuk kepada lengkung J dan K, apa yang boleh dirumuskan tentang kadar

fotosintesis?

A It is not influenced by the concentration of carbon dioxideIa tidak dipengaruhi oleh kepekatan karbon dioksida

B It is limited by the concentration of carbon dioxideIa dihadkan oleh kepekatan karbon dioksida

C It is limited by the light intensityIa dihadkan oleh keamatan cahaya

D It is not influenced by temperatureIa tidak dipengaruhi oleh suhu

19 The following measurements were made during an experiment to determine the energyvalue of a peanut.

Pengukuran berikut dibuat semasa eksperimen untuk menentukan nilai tenaga kacang

tanah.

What is the energy value of the peanut ?

Apakah nilai tenaga kacang tanah ?

A 567 J/gB 540 J/gC 22.68 J/gD 128.6 J/g

Mass of peanut = 2 gJisim kacang tanah

Mass of water = 10 gJisim air

Initial water temperature = 28oCSuhu awal air

Final water temperature = 55oCSuhu akhir air

Rate of

photosynthesisKadar

fotosintesis

Light intensity

Keamatan cahaya

J

K


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20 Which of the following processes occurs during gaseous exchange between the alveolusand the blood capillary?

Proses manakah yang berlaku semasa pertukaran gas antara alveolus dan kapilari

darah?

A Active transportPengangkutan aktif

B Simple diffusionResapan ringkas

C OsmosisOsmosis

D Facilitated diffusionResapan berbantu

21 The diagram shows the relationship between photosynthesis and cell respiration.Rajah menunjukkan hubung kait antara fotosintesis dan respirasi sel.

X Y

What are X and Y?

Apakah X dan Y?

X Y

A Glucose , oxygen

Glukosa , oksigen

Glucose , carbon dioxide

Glukosa , karbon dioksida

B Glucose , carbon dioxide

Glukosa , karbon dioksida

Glucose , oxygen

Glukosa , oksigen

C Glucose , oxygen

Glukosa , oksigen

Water , carbon dioxide , ATP

Air , karbon dioksida , ATP

D Starch , energy

Kanji , tenaga

Carbon dioxide

Karbon dioksida

RespirationRespirasi

Photosynthesis

Fotosintesis


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22 The diagram shows paddy plants in a paddy field.Rajah menunjukkan tumbuhan padi dalam sawah.

What are the products of respiration in the leaves and roots?

Apakah hasil respirasi pada daun dan akarnya?

Products of respiration in leaves

Hasil respirasi di daun

Products of respiration in roots

Hasil respirasi di akarA Carbon dioxide and water

Karbon dioksida dan air

Lactic acid and carbon dioxide

Asid laktik dan karbon dioksida

B Carbon dioxide and water


Ethanol and carbon dioxide

Etanol dan karbon dioksida

C Lactic acid and carbon dioxide

Asid laktik dan karbon dioksida

Carbon dioxide and water


D Ethanol and carbon dioxide

Etanol dan karbon dioksida

Carbon dioxide and water


23 Which of the following organisms is a parasite?Antara berikut, yang manakah parasit ?

A B

C D


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24 Which of the following are adaptations by the Sonneratia sp.to be able to grow in themangrove swamp?

Antara berikut, yang manakah penyesuaian Sonneratia sp. untuk membolehkannya

tumbuh di paya bakau?

I Thick and succulent leavesDaun yang tebal dan sukulen

II Vivipary

Vivipariti

III Buttress roots

Akar banir

IV High osmotic pressure in the cell sap

Tekanan osmosis dalam sap sel tinggi

A I and III dan II

B I and IIII dan III

C I, II and IIII, II dan III

D I, II and IVI, II dan IV

25 A student wants to estimate the size of the population of rats in a paddy field. Heinstalls traps evenly in the paddy field and successfully captures 40 rats. The rats are

marked with a dot of cellulose paint and then released. Three days later, he installs

the traps again. This time, a total of 20 rats are captured. 10 of them have cellulose

markings. What is the estimated population size of rats in the paddy field?

Seorang pelajar ingin menganggarkan saiz populasi tikus di sawah padi. Beliau

memasang perangkap di serata sawah padi dan berjaya menangkap 40 ekor tikus.

Tikus-tikus tersebut ditanda dengan menggunakan cat selulosa dan dilepaskan

semula. Tiga hari kemudian beliau memasang semula perangkap dan berjaya

menangkap 20 ekor tikus. 10 daripadanya bertanda. Apakah anggaran saiz populasi

tikus di sawah padi tersebut?

A 80B 60C 40D 20


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26 The chart shows the pathway of nitrogen cycle in leguminous plants.Carta menunjukkan kitaran nitrogen bagi tumbuhan legum.

What are processes J, K and L?

Apakah proses J, K dan L?

J K L

A Nitrification

Nitrifikasi

Nitrogen fixation

Pengikatan nitrogen

Denitrification

Denitrifikasi

B Nitrogen fixation

Pengikatan nitrogen

Denitrification

Denitrifikasi

Nitrification

Nitrifikasi

C Denitrification

Denitrifikasi

Nitrification

Nitrifikasi

Nitrogen fixation

Pengikatan nitrogen

D Denitrification

Denitrifikasi

Nitrogen fixation

Pengikatan nitrogen

Nitrification

Nitrifikasi

Nitrogen in atmosphere

Nitrogen di atmosfera

Inorganic nitrogen in soil

Nitrogen bukan organik dalam tanahOrganic nitrogen in leguminous plants

Nitrogen organik pada tumbuhan legum

Organic nitrogen in animals

Nitrogen organik dalam haiwan

K

LJ


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27 In an experiment to determine the Biochemical Oxygen Demand, a sample of lake waterwas found to have a high BOD value.

What does the above situation tell?

Di dalam eksperimen untuk menentukan Keperluan Oksigen Biokimia, sampel dari air

tasik di dapati mempunyai nilai BOD yang tinggi.Apakah yang diterangkan oleh situasi di atas?

I The water is pollutedAir tersebut tercemar

II The number of aquatic organism is lowBilangan organisma akuatik rendah

III The water has a high oxygen contentAir tersebut mempunyai kandungan oksigen yang tinggi

IV Microorganisms are abundantTerdapat mikroorganisma

A I and II

I dan II

B I and III

I dan III

C I and IVI dan IV

D II and IV

II dan IV


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28 Which of the following are the effects of ozone depletion?Antara berikut yang manakah adalah kesan penipisan ozon?

I Melanoma

Melanoma

II Snow storms

Ribut salji

III Phytoplankton is killed

Fitoplankton mati

IV The rate of photosynthesis increases

Kadar fotosintesis meningkat

A I and III dan II

B I and IIII dan III

C II and IVII dan IV

D III and IVIII dan IV


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29 The diagram shows organism X and organism Y.Rajah menunjukkan organisma X dan organisma Y.

Organism X Organism Y

Organisma X Organisma Y

How do both organisms adapt themselves to transport substances efficiently

into and out of their bodies?

Bagaimanakah kedua-dua organisma dapat mengadaptasi diri untuk pengangkutan

bahan masuk dan keluar dari badan dengan berkesan?

I Y expels waste products by simple diffusionY menyingkirkan bahan buangan melalui resapan ringkas

II Y has a specialized medium to transport substancesY mempunyai medium yang khusus untuk pengangkutan bahan

III X has projections and folds in its organsX mempunyai unjuran dan lipatan pada organnya

IV X has many specialized structures to expel waste productsX mempunyai struktur khusus untuk menyingkirkan bahan buangan

A I and II

I dan II

B II and III

II dan III


D I, III and IV

I, III dan IV


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30 The diagram shows a longitudinal section of the human heart.Rajah menunjukkan suatu keratan membujur jantung manusia.

Which of the labelled parts A, B, C andDpumps blood to all parts of the body?

Antara bahagian berlabelA, B, C danD yang manakah mengepam darah ke seluruh

badan?

31 The schematic diagram shows an incomplete mechanism of blood clotting.Rajah menunjukkan mekanisma pembekuan darah yang tidak lengkap.

What are P and Q?

Apakah P dan Q?

P Q

A Fibrinogen

Fibrinogen

Prothrombin

Protrombin

B Prothrombin

Protrombin

Fibrinogen

Fibrinogen

C Fibrinogen

Fibrinogen

Thromboplastin

Tromboplastin

D Thromboplastin

Tromboplastin

Fibrinogen

Fibrinogen

PThrombin

Trombin

QFibrin

Fibrin

A

B

C

D


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32 The diagram shows a stomata.Rajah menunjukkan stoma.

Which of the following factors will cause the stomata to open wider?

Antara faktor berikut, yang manakah akan menyebabkan stoma terbuka dengan lebih

luas?

I The starch content increases

Kandungan kanji bertambah

II Water diffuses into the guard cells

Air meresap masuk ke dalam sel pengawal

III The osmotic pressure of the guard cells increases

Tekanan osmosis sel pengawal meningkat

IV There is no light

Tiada cahaya

A II and IIIB II and IVC III and IVD I, II, III and IV

33 The diagram shows the bones of a human.Rajah menunjukkan tulang-tulang pada manusia.

Which of the following forms a ball and socket joint?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah membentuk sendi lesung dan soket?

A P and RB Q and RC P and SD Q and S

RP SQ

Guard cell

Sel pengawalStoma

Stoma


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35 The diagram shows a motor neuron.Rajah menunjukkan neuron motor.

What is the function of the structure labelled X?

Apakah fungsi struktur yang berlabel X?

A To assist in the metabolism of the cell bodyUntuk membantu metabolisma badan sel

B To supply nutrients to the cell bodyUntuk membekalkan nutrien ke badan sel

C To facilitate rapid transmission of impulsesUntuk membantu pemindahan impuls dengan lebih cepat

D To direct impulses towards one directionUntuk mengarahkan pergerakan impuls satu hala

36 Which of the following parameters cannotbe detected by the receptors in the body?Antara yang berikut, parameter yang manakah yangtidakdapat dikesan oleh reseptor

di dalam badan?

A Blood pressureTekanan darah

B Body temperatureSuhu badan

C Partial pressures of carbon dioxide and oxygenTekanan separa karbon dioksida dan oksigen

D Blood amino acid levelParas asid amino darah

X


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37 Which of the following transmits impulses from the afferent neuron to the efferentneuron?

Antara berikut, yang manakah menghantar impuls daripada neuron aferen ke neuron

eferen ?

A SynapseSinaps

B DendriteDendrit

C AxonAkson

D InterneuronInterneuron

38 Which is nota reason for why plants need support?Antara berikut yang manakahbukanmerupakan sebab tumbuhan memerlukan

sokongan?

A To show off their flowers for pollinationMenonjolkan bunga untuk pendebungaan

B The leaves must be properly positioned for photosynthesisDaun mesti berada pada kedudukan sesuai untuk fotosintesis

C The fruits must be in a strategic position for effective seed dispersalBuah mesti berada pada kedudukan strategik untuk membolehkan penyebaran biji

benih yang berkesan

D Climbers have tendrils to help them climb upTumbuhan memanjat mempunyai sulur paut untuk membantu mereka memanjat

39 The formation of urine involves the following processes exceptPembentukan air kencing melibatkan proses berikutkecuali

A ultrafiltrationultraturasan

B reabsorbtionpenyerapan semula

C secretionrembesan

D excretionperkumuhan


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40 Which of the following is nota function of auxins?Antara berikut, yang manakahbukanfungsi auksin?

A Promoting growth of plants and fruitsMerangsang pertumbuhan dalam tumbuhan dan buah

B Producing bushy plantsMenghasilkan banyak daun pada tumbuhan

C Promoting the ripening of fruitsMerangsang pemasakan buah

D ParthenocarpyPartenokarpi

41 The diagram shows part of spermatogenesis.Rajah menunjukkan sebahagian daripada proses spermatogenesis.

Which of the following is trueabout process X, cell P and process Y?Antara yang berikut, yang manakahbenartentang proses X, sel P dan proses Y?

Process X

Proses X

Cell P

Sel P

Process Y

Proses Y

A Mitosis

Mitosis

Spermatogonium

Spermatogonium

Meiosis II

Meiosis II

B Mitosis

Mitosis

Spermatogonium

Spermatogonium

Meiosis I

Meiosis I

C Meiosis I

Meiosis I

Primary spermatocyte

Spermatosit primer

Meiosis II

Meiosis II

D Meiosis IIMeiosis II

Secondary spermatocyteSpermatosit sekunder

Meiosis IIMeiosis II

2n

2n

n

n

2n

n

2n

n

Germinal epithelial cells

Sel germa epitelium

P

Growth

Pertumbuhan

Y

X


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43 The diagram shows the secretion of two types of hormones during the menstrual cyclein a female.

Rajah menunjukkan rembesan dua jenis hormon semasa kitar haid seorang perempuan.

0 7 14 21 28

Which of the following statements are correct ?

Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar ?

I A drop in the level of hormone J induces a drop in the level of hormone K

Penurunan aras hormon J merangsang penurunan aras hormon K

II A rise in the level of hormone K stimulates ovulation

Peningkatan aras hormon K merangsang pengovulan

III A drop in the level of hormone K stimulates menstruation

Penurunan aras hormon K merangsang haid

IV A rise in the level of hormone J repairs the endometrium lining

Peningkatan aras hormon J merangsang pembaikan lapisan endometrium

A I and III dan II

B I and IVI dan IV

C II and IIIII dan III

D III and IVIII dan IV

Hormone level

Aras hormon

Time (day)

Masa (hari)

Hormone J

Hormon JHormone K

Hormon K


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44 The diagram shows the longitudinal section of a shoot tip.Rajah menunjukkan keratan memanjang hujung pucuk.

Which zone undergoes elongation?

Zon manakah yang menjalani pemanjangan?

A Zone IVZon IV

B Zone IIIZon III

C Zone IIZon II

D Zone IZon I

Zone I

Zone II

Zone III

Zone IV


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45 The graph shows a sigmoid growth curve.Graf menunjukkan lengkung pertumbuhan sigmoid.

Which statements about the growth are true?

Pernyataan yang manakahbenar tentang pertumbuhan tersebut?

I The growth rate is fastest at QKadar pertumbuhan adalah paling cepat di Q

II The growth rate is slowest at RKadar pertumbuhan adalah paling perlahan di R

III The growth rate decreases at SKadar pertumbuhan menurun di S

IV The growth rate is constant at PKadar pertumbuhan adalah malar di P

A I and IIII dan III

B I and IVI dan IV


D I, III and IVI, III dan IV

P Q R S

Time (week)

Masa (minggu)

Weight (kg)

Berat (kg)


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P p

Q

R

q

r

S R

46 Which of the following are characteristics of plants that undergo secondary growth?Antara berikut, yang manakah ciri-ciri tumbuhan yang mengalami pertumbuhan

sekunder?

I The stem is big and thick

Batang pokok besar dan tebal

II The stem is woody

Batang pokok berkayu

III The growth rings are not clear

Gelang pertumbuhan tidak jelas

IV Cork is present in the stem

Gabus terdapat dalam batang pokok

A I and IIB III and IVC I, II and IVD I, II, III and IV

47 The diagram shows genes carried on a pair of homologous chromosomes.Rajah menunjukkan gen pada sepasang kromosom homolog.

What does Q and q represent?

Apakah yang diwakili oleh Q dan q?

A Homozygous allelesAlel homozigot

B Heterozygous allelesAlel heterozigot

C Linked genesGen terangkai

D Recessive allelesAlel resesif


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48 Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the early development of azygote?

Antara berikut yang manakah menunjukkan turutan yang betul bagi perkembangan

awal zigot?

A BlastocystfoetusmorulaBlastosistafetusmorulaB Morulafoetusblastocyst

Morulafetusblastosista

C FoetusmorulablastocystFetusmorulablastosista

D MorulablastocystfoetusMorulablastosistafetus

49 Which of the following statements about continuous variation is not true?Antara berikut, kenyataan manakah yangtidakbenar tentang variasi selanjar?

A It has intermediate charactersMempunyai ciri-ciri perantaraan

B The characters can be measuredCiri-ciri boleh diukur

C It is not affected by the environmentTidak dipengaruhi oleh persekitaran

D It is controlled by a large number of genesDikawal oleh banyak gen


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SULIT 32

50 A person with Downs Syndrome is born with 47 chromosomes in each of his/her cells,instead of 46 chromosomes.

Seorang individu yang menghidap Sindrom Down dilahirkan dengan 47 kromosom

dalam setiap selnya, bukan 46 kromosom.

Which of the following can cause this?

Antara berikut, yang manakah boleh menyebabkan keadaan ini?

A Chromosomal mutation happened during the production of the egg cell or spermMutasi kromosom berlaku semasa penghasilan sel telur atau sperma

B More than one sperm fused with one egg during fertilisationLebih daripada satu sperma telah mensenyawakan satu telur semasa

persenyawaan

C Radiation caused a change in the structure of the spermRadiasi telah menyebabkan perubahan struktur sperma

D The mother was exposed to harmful chemicals during pregnancyIbu telah terdedah kepada bahan kimia berbahaya semasa mengandung

mrsm-biologi-k1-spm-09

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