meningkatkan kemahiran mengingat , mengesan dan menulis nilai murni di kalangan murid tahun enam

7/23/2019 MENINGKATKAN KEMAHIRAN MENGINGAT , MENGESAN DAN MENULIS NILAI MURNI DI KALANGAN MURID TAHUN ENAM

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+

]okmo}okjok > +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Koeo Wfktfido > EHCM ORD@ ADK OIZD

]odlc > 2? MDRFEAFQ 17?1


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Roto olvd aocozo iowhqok londok dkd omoioc cordi lfqno roto rfkmdqd lfbvoid kvldiok

mok dkjlorok tokj }dow%}dow ro}vkto }fioc roto kto}olok rveafqkto

]okmo}okjok > ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Koeo wfkvidr > EHCM QVRIFF ADK EHCM ROIIFC

]odlc > 2? MDRFEAFQ 17?1


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MFMDLORD

]fdr}defzo avo}+++++

Otoc mok dav }frotokj

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Efkjcomdd lvidoc }okwo oro nfev

Ldkd roo} rvlo afolcd rvmoc


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Rfldok ioeo }frdewok owd

Md moioe efehd eoro ioiv

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Rtvlv lf como} Diocd lfoko mfkjok d~dk mok idewoc lvkdokto mowo}ioc roto

efktdowlok Londok ]dkmolok dkd aojd efefkvcd rfaocojdok mod rtoo} vk}vl

efewfhifcd Dno~oc ronoko Evmo Wfkjonook #Aocoro Efiotv$ mfkjok Lfwvndok)

zoiovwvk }fwolro efioivd wfiaojod dk}okjok mok mvjook rfefknol fewo} }ocvk

tokj ioiv+

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Oizd rfiolv wfkrtooc wfktfido tokj }fioc aoktol efeafd }vknvl ono mok

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efkmowo}lok Dno~oc Ronoko Evmo Wfjvvok+

]fdeo lordc tokj }dmol }fcdkjjo avo} zojo Rflhioc Lfaokjrook ]fadkj

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evdm tokj }fidao} moioe wfktfidmdlok }dkmolok dkd+ ]ockdoc mdvbowlok lfoko

efflo }fioc efeafdlok lfnoroeo tokj rvkjjvc aodl lf}dlo roto efknoioklok

londok }dkmolok dkd+

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nfev vk}vl efeaok}v roto efkfvrlok wfkjondok dkd+ ]fdeo lordc }dmol }fcdkjjo

md o}or lfroaook mok rhlhkjok dr}fd mok okol%okol md veoc+

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rfboo iokjrvkj mok }dmol iokjrvkj moioe efknotolok wfktfidmdlok dkd+ Cokto Oiioc

rocono tokj mowo} efeaoior noro aodl loidok+

Rfldok mok }fdeo lordc+


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Drv Londok ?7

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Wfkjfkoiok 11

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Vndok Mdojkhr}dl 1:

Io}o Afiolokj Rflhioc 2?

Io}o Afiolokj Evdm 21

Wfiolrokook ]dkmolok 22

Vndok Wo 2=

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]dkmolok 2 67

Lofmoc Wfkjvewviok Mo}o 66

MOWO]OK MOK QF@IFLRD

Okoidrdr Mo}o 63

Wfaokmdkjok Wfkbowodok Vndok ]dkmolok ?) 1 mok 2 63

Vndok Whr 01

Wfaokmdkjok Wfkbowodok Vndok Whr mok Vndok Wo 02

Wfaokmdkjok Lfrfrvodok Lofmoc Wfkjonook 0:

LFRDEWVIOK

Dewidlord Londok :7

Bomokjok Wfkoeaocaodlok :1


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Bomokjok Londok Ioknv}ok :=

QVNVLOK :0

IOEWDQOK

RFKOQOD NOMVOI

?+ Nomvoi ? > Bo}o =7 Kdiod Evkd1+ Nomvoi 1> Rfkood Koeo Evdm ]ocvk 0 Kdioe2+ Nomvoi 2> Lfwv}vrok Vndok mdojkhr}dl=+ Nomvoi => Rfkood Evdm Mdwdidc Vk}vl Roewfi Londok6+ Nomvoi 6> Nomvoi Wfiolrokook ]dkmolok0+ Nomvoi 0 > Lfwv}vrok Vndok ]dkmolok ?:+ Nomvoi :> Lf}fokjok ifkjlow }fk}okj kdiod evkd3+ Nomvoi 3> Boo Efkvidr Kdiod Evkd4+ Nomvoi 4> Lfwv}vrok Vndok ]dkmolok 1?7+Nomvoi ?7> Eoloc Wfkbowodok Vndok ]dkmolok 2??+Nomvoi ??> Qflhm Wfkbowodok Vndok ]dkmolok ?)1 mok 2?1+Nomvoi ?1> Eoloc mok Wfo}vr Wfkbowodok Vndok Whr?2+Nomvoi ?2> Wfaokmdkjok Eoloc Vndok Wo mok Vndok Whr

RFKOQOD QONOC

Qonoc ? > Ehmfi Londok ]dkmolok Lfeedr Eb ]ojjom #?433$

Qonoc 1 > Eoloc Wfkbowodok Vndok Mdojkhr}dl

Qonoc 2 > Eoloc Wfkbowodok Vndok Wo

Qonoc = > Jo` Wfkbowodk Vndok ]dkmolok ?

Qonoc 6 > Wfbocok Wfkbowodok Roewfi Moioe Vndok ]dkmolok ?

Qonoc 0> Okoidro Wfkbowodok Roewfi Moioe Vndok ]dkmolok 1

Qonoc : > Wfkbowodok Bfefiokj mok Aodl


Qonoc 4 > Wfaokmdkjok Wfkbowodok Vndok ]dkmolok


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Qonoc ?7 > Wvo}o Eoloc Vndok ]dkmolok

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Qonoc ?1 > Wfaf~ook Nveioc Eoloc Md ok}oo Mvo Vndok

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Qonoc ?=> Wvo}o Eoloc Wfkbowodok Efkjdlv} Lofmoc Wfkjonook

RFKOQOD IOEWDQOK

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mok efkvidr viorok kdiod%kdiod evkd md loiokjok evdm%evdm }ocvk fkoe+ ]dknovok

ozoi }fioc mdiolrokolok efioivd wfefdlrook avlv }vidr evdm) lfwv}vrok vndok

aviokok)}fev avoi mok rhoi rfidmdl+ ]dknovok efkmowo}d aocozo oeod evdm tokj

}dmol mowo} efkjdkjo}d kdiod evkd mok efkvidr viorok mfkjk af}vi+Rfiodk d}v) evdm

nvjo mdmowo}d }dmol mowo} efkjfrok kdiod evkd tokj }fmowo} md moioe wf}dlok+

Roewfi londok }fmdd modwomo fewo} afior hokj evdm ]ocvk Fkoe Kdioe md

Rflhioc Lfaokjrook ]fadkj ]dkjjd) ]okoc Efoc) Lfiok}ok+ Lfwv}vrok vndok

mdojkhr}dl tokj mdnoioklok efkvknvllok evdm efkjcomowd eoroioc md Aocojdok B

Lf}or Wfkvidrok + Aojd efkjo}ord eoroioc d}v) roto }fioc efknoioklok }djo nfkdr

}dkmolok dod}v Lofmoc Eoqd Co`oi Kdiod Evqkd o}ov EOCOKDEV) @ocoe


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Lhkrfw Okmo HL mok Lfqow Nokjok ]ol Lfqow vk}vl efeor}dlok evqdm%evdm

mowo} efkjvorod rfevio lfeocdok aflfkook+ Mowo}ok londok efkvknvllok afiolv

wfkdkjlo}ok wfr}ord }fcomow rfevo evdm efioivd }dkmolok tokj mdiolrokolok+

Lofmoc wfkjonook tokj mdjvkolok dkd ahifc mdwol}dllok hifc jvv%jvv Aocoro

Efiotv tokj iodk moioe vroco efkdkjlo}lok lfeocdok evdm%evdm efflo

efkvidr viorok kdiod%kdiod evkd lf }ocow tokj ifadc aodl+

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vkmf}olfk+ ]cf }fobcdkj ef}chmr vrfm bok af wob}dbfm at h}cf Aocoro Efiotv

}fobcfr h` }cf rldiir }h fkcokbf }cfd r}vmfk}r dk zd}dkj fpdfzr poivfr }h jf} o

af}}f zd}dkj+


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WFKMOCVIVOK

Wfkjfkoiok

Kdiod evkd efvwolok wfloo wfk}dkj mok wfiv mdwvwvl lf moioe ndzo rf}dow

hokj+ Kdiod%kdiod evkd wfiv md}fowlok md wfdkjlo} ozoi iojd md loiokjok lokol%

lokol vk}vl efeor}dlok efflo efedidld avmd wflf}d tokj ivcv mfzoro kok}d

mfed lfrfnoc}fook cdmvw eortoolo} md Eoiotrdo+ Lfefk}fdok Wfkmdmdlok

Eoiotrdo }fioc efewflfkoilok kdiod evkd rfnol }ocvk 1776 rfzol}v wfvaocok

`heo} VWRQ mdiolvlok+ Wfvaocok `heo} dkd efktolrdlok Lf}or 1 Aocoro Efiotv

Wfkvidrok mdwfboclok lfwomo }djo aocojdok dod}v efidao}lok aocojdok O #efeadko

ideo oto} afmorolok joeao$) Aocojdok A #efkvidr lookjok$ mok aocojdok B

#efkvidr viorok kdiod evkd$+

Efkvv} Lfefk}fdok Wfkmdmdlok Eoiotrdo#177:$) efkvidr viorok kdiod

evkd efvwolok roioc ro}v modwomo }djo lfeocdok tokj wfiv mdlvorod hifc evdm%

evdm aojd Wfionook Aocoro Efiotv Lf}or 1+ Lfeocdok dkd tokj }fmowo} md

aocojdok B efefivlok evdm efeaobo wf}dlok tokj mdafdlok) efkjfrok kdiod

evkd mok rf}fvrkto efkvidr rfavoc viorok tokj ifkjlow moioe ro}v wffkjjok+

Eoloc tokj mdwfvk}vllok aojd aocojdok dkd doioc rfaoktol 17 eoloc+ Hifc tokj

mfedldok) evdm%evdm wfiv mdadeadkj hifc jvv mfkjok rfbvlvwkto vk}vl

efeor}dlok evdm%evdm mowo} efkjvorod lfeocdok efkvidr viorok mfkjok aodl+

Efioivd londok }dkmolok dkd) roto }fioc efknoioklok }djo nfkdr lofmoc

efkjono vk}vl efeor}dlok evdm%evdm tokj lvokj eocd dkd mowo} efkdkjlo}lok

lfeocdok efflo efioivd ol}dpd}d tokj olok mdnoioklok kok}d+


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Loeovmmdk Cn+ Cvrdk #?433$) afwfkmowo} }vidrok doioc aocoro tokj af}vidr

mfkjok ioeaokj%ioeaokj avktd+ Ndlo }vidrok d}v mdavktdlok rfevo do mdlo}olok

aocoro+ ]vidrok doioc oio} vk}vl efiocdlok `dldok mok wforook+ Do efvwolok

aocoro tokj }frvrvk tokj afvwo okjlod%okjlod lo}o mok oto}%oto}+ Efkvidr doioc

whrfr efeafdlok rdeahi%rdeahi jo`dl aojd efioeaokjlok aocoro moioe

efktvrvk wflo}ook) okjlod lo}o) oto} mok rf}fvrkto vkd}%vkd} tokj ifadc woknokj

efkjdlv} wfo}vok%wfo}vok }f}fk}v mfkjok efkvknvllok zoboko mok wfiocdok

dmfo tokj nfior }frvrvk+

Qoedkoc Cn+ Roaok #?436$ wvio afwfkmowo}) wfkvidrok doioc whrfr

wfiocdok wforook) `dldok) mok dmfo lf moioe afk}vl jo`dl #mdrvrvk rfcdkjjo

efioeaokjlok avktd aocoro tokj mowo} mdaobo mok mdòcoed eolrvmkto$+

Tocto H}ceok#1776$ afwfkmowo}) wfkvidr d}v mowo} efeafdlok lfòcoeok

lfwomo wfeaobo owoadio wfkvidr d}v mowo} efkjvorod lfeocdok efkvidr rfboo

efkmoioe moioe admokj wfkvidrok+ Wfkvidrok }fk}okj rfrvo}v tokj mdroewodlok d}v

nvjo mowo} efkto}olok wokmokjok o}ov dmfo moioe afk}vl wfkvidrok rvwoto

efeafdlok lfòcoeok lfwomo wfeaobo+

Nvdoc Ihkj #?447$) efkvidr omoioc rvo}v whrfr vk}vl efktoewodlok avoc

`dldok) dmfo o}ov wfkmowo} mfkjok }fwo} mok aflfrok lfwomo lcoiotol o}ov wfeaobo

mfkjok efkjjvkolok afk}vl jo`dl+ Dkd afeolko) aocok%aocok tokj md}vidr omoioc

rvo}v dmfo tokj }frdo} mok }frvo} owoadio mdnfiorlok moioe afk}vl wfkvidrok+

Lfvkdlok mok lotokto Aocoro Efiotv doioc lfoko aocorokto afrdò} mdkoedl

mok ahifc mdlfeaokjlok+ Aocoro Efiotv nvjo efewvktod kdiodkto tokj }frfkmdd

mok londok tokj efkmoioe wfiv mdiolvlok vk}vl efkjvorodkto+ Qfk}f}ok modwomo

d}v) eolok lf}or mvo Vndok Wfkbowodok rflhioc fkmoc #VWRQ$ }fioc mdwfboclok

modwomo ro}v aocojdok lfwomo }djo aocojdok dod}v aocojdok O) A mok B+ Hifc d}v

londok }dkmolok tokj roto noioklok dkd omoioc vk}vl efkdkjlo}lok lfeocdok evdm

vk}vl efkjfrok mok efkvidr kdiod evkd md moioe aocojdok B }frfav} tokj efknomd

eoroioc }fcomow rfadiokjok evdm+ Roto rfmo aocozo omo evdm%evdm tokj

efkjoioed lfrvlook vk}vl efkbod mok efkvidr kdiod evkd o}ov wfkjonook


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afmorolok wf}dlok }flr tokj mdafdlok+ Londok }dkmolok mdiolvlok }fcomow evdm%

evdm vk}vl efkbod mok efeavl}dlok lofmoc tokj aflfrok rvwoto evdm%evdm

aforo ifadc evmoc vk}vl efkbod kdiod%kdiod evkd modwomo wf}dlok tokj mdafdlok

lfwomo efflo+ Efioivd londok dkd) roto olok mowo} efeaok}v evdm%evdm

efkdkjlo}lok lfeocdok efflo md moioe aocojdok B tokj ojol rvlo vk}vl

md`ocoed mok mdnozoa+

Londok dkd efvwolok ro}v londok tokj mdnoioklok lf o}or evdm%evdm }ocvk

Fkoe Kdioe md Rflhioc Lfaokjrook ]fadkj ]dkjjd) ]okoc Efoc) Lfiok}ok+

Afmorolok eoloc vndok%vndok tokj ifwor }feorvl lf}dlo afomo md }ocvk fewo}

mok }ocvk ideo) mdmowo}d oeod evdm }dmol efkmowo} eoloc tokj }dkjjd vk}vl

wfionook Aocoro Efiotv Lf}or Mvo+ Efflo mdmowo}d efkmowo} eoloc tokj

fkmoc owoadio efknozoa rhoiok Aocoro Efiotv Lf}or Mvo Aocojdok B+ Eoloc

tokj mdwfhifcd hifc efflo md moioe aocojdok B wfkvidrok cokto md moioe

idkjlvkjok fkoe cdkjjo mvo afior rocono+ Dkd efkvknvllok aocozo efflo }dmol

mowo} efkjvorod lfeocdok efeavo} viorok owoadio wf}dlok kdiod evkd mdafdlok

lfwomo efflo+ Wfloo dkd afiolv lfevkjldkok afwvkbo modwomo lvokjkto

wfkmfmocok mdafdlok lfwomo efflo lf}dlo afomo md }ocvk fewo} iojd+

Efeokmokjlok rhoiok tokj aflod}ok mfkjok kdiod evkd dkd aov mdwflfkoilok

lf}dlo afomo md }ocvk fewo}) eolo rvmoc }fk}v omo evdm tokj }dmol mowo} afko%

afko efkjvorod lfeocdok dkd+ Wfloo dkd wfiv mdwfaf}vilok mfkjok rfjfo

rvwoto evdm%evdm mowo} efkjvrod rfevio lfeocdok dkd rfafive VWRQ+

Qf`iflrd Wfkjonook Mok Wfeafionook Ioiv

Afmorolok wfefco}dok roto }fcomow evdm%evdm ]ocvk Fkoe Kdioe)

mdmowo}d aocozo boo afiono efflo omoioc wfiaojod+ Aojd tokj ondk afiono) jvv

tokj efkjono }dmol efkjcomowd owo%owo eoroioc lfoko rfevo }vjorok tokj mdafd

olok mdrdowlok hifc efflo+ Koevk tokj efknomd eoroiockto doioc aojd evdm tokj

afrdlow wfeoior mok }dmol afmdrdwidk+


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Evdm%evdm tokj afrdlow wfeoior dkd mdmowo}d }dmol efktdowlok

}vjorok tokj mdafd hifc jvv+ Efflo eoior cfkmol efeaobo afviokjloid wf}dlok

tokj mdafd hifc jvv+ Qo}o%o}o evdm%evdm cokto efeaobo rfloid rocono wf}dlok

mok }dmol afvroco vk}vl efeaobo rfcdkjjo afko%afko `ocoe+ Wfloo dkd

efktfaoalok efflo lfow }fefkvkj lf}dlo efkvidr rfevo kdiod%kdiod evkd tokj

mdwfivlok+ Roto wfboto efflo nvjo }dmol efkjdkjo}d rfkood kdiod%kdiod evkd

tokj }fioc md}f}owlok hifc Lfefk}fdok Wfionook Eoiotrdo+

Rfiodk d}v) }fmowo} nvjo rfjfidk}d evdm tokj rvlo whk}fkj rflhioc }okwo

rfaoa%rfaoa tokj evkoroaoc+ Rf}dow edkjjv mdmowo}d efflo }dmol comd lf rflhioc

vk}vl ro}v o}ov mvo cod+ Rdlow dkd efktfaoalok efflo lfow lf}dkjjoiok lfoko

jvv Aocoro Efiotv olok efkjono olok efkjono }fk}okj }onvl efeavo} viorok dkd

rf}dow cod Qoav+ Nomd evdm%evdm tokj }dmol comd olok efkjcomowd eoroioc afro

lf}dlo efflo efknozoa rhoiok vndok kok}d+

]fmowo} nvjo }djo hokj evdm tokj koloi md moioe lfior dkd+ Efflo dkd

mdmowo}d rfioiv efkdeavilok eoroioc mdrdwidk md moioe lfior+ Evdm%evdm dkd rfioiv

efkjjokjjv olok tokj cfkmol afiono) efeavo} adrdkj lf}dlo jvv efkjono) }dmol

efktdowlok }vjorok tokj mdafd) }dmol efeafdlok }vewvok }fcomow wfkjonook

jvv+

Afmorolok wfefco}dok roto) }fmowo} nvjo lvewviok evdm md moioe

lfior dkd tokj }dmol eocv efktdowlok io}dcok tokj mdafd hifc jvv+ Io}dcok tokj

mdafd hifc jvv tokj rfwo}v}kto mdrdowlok md veoc mdmowo}d }dmol mdrdowlok+

Eoiocok efflo cokto olok af}dkmol efkdv rocono nozowok tokj mdavo} hifc

evdm%evdm iodk womo zol}v wojd rfafive eorvl lfior+

Omo nvjo evdm tokj rvlo lfivo lfior lf}dlo jvv ioeao} eorvl o}ovwvk

jvv omo }vjorok md wfnoao}+ Efflo dkd olok wfjd lf }okmor) eorvl lf moioe lfior

iodk tokj }domo jvv) aflfno%lfnook md lold ideo lfior o}ovwvk eorvl lf adidl%adidl

tokj }f}fk}v+ Rdlow dkdioc tokj efktfaoalok efflo lvokj eoro vk}vl

efkjviokjlond wfionook md moioe lfior lf}dlo lf}domook jvv+


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Mdrfaoalok evdm%evdm }ocvk fkoe dkd olok efkmvmvld VWRQ) roto

nvjo efkjcomowd eoroioc vk}vl efeavo} londok rfboo efkmoioe }fcomow efflo+

Lomokj%lomokj io}dcok tokj roto afd }dmol mdrdowlok hifc efflo+ Oiorok efflo

doioc efflo aforo rokjo} if}dc lfoko }fwolro efkjcomdd lfior }oeaocok

rfcdkjjo noe =+77 wf}okj mdroewdkj lfior eoioe tokj }oeo} womo noe 4+=6 eoioe+

Roto nvjo bvao efidco} afafowo avlv io}dcok evdm }fv}oeokto tokj

efidao}lok Aocoro Efiotv Wfkvidrok+ Aocoro Efiotv Wfkvidrok tokj }faocojd

lfwomo }djo aocojdok dod}v Aocojdok O #efeadko oto} afmorolok joeao$)

Aocojdok A #efkvidr lookjok$ mok Aocojdok B #efeavo} viorok kdiod%kdiod evkd$+

Roto mowo}d oeod evdm tokj eordc fkmoc }ocow wfkbowodokkto md moioe lf}djo%

}djo admokj dkd mok woidkj lf}oo rfloid womo Aocojdok B+ Hifc tokj mfedldok) roto

efeavo} lfwv}vrok vk}vl efknomdlok lfjojoiok evdm efeavo} viorok kdiod%kdiod

rfaojod wdidcok londok roto mfkjok }vnvok vk}vl efkdkjlo}lok eoloc wfkbowodok

efflo lcorkto md aocojdok B wfkvidrok+

@HLVR LONDOK

Efkvidr viorok efvwolok roioc ro}v lfeocdok moioe eo}o wfionook Aocoro

Efiotv tokj wfiv mdlvorod hifc evdm%evdm md wfdkjlo} rflhioc fkmoc afevio

}ocow mvo+ Evdm%evdm wfiv efkjdkjo}d mok aflfeoewvok vk}vl efktfkoodlok

=7 kdiod evkd rfaojodeoko tokj mdlfivolok hifc Lfefk}fdok Wfionook Eoiotrdo

efioivd Wvro} Wflfeaokjok Lvdlvive+ Efkvidr viorok efefivlok lfeocdok

lcvrvr tokj wfiv mdmfmoclok hifc jvv lf}dlo efkjono Aocoro Efiotv md moioe

lfior+

]dknovok roto efkmowo}d aocozo }fmowo} oeod md ok}oo evdm }ocvk Fkoe

Kdioe md Rflhioc Lfaokjrook ]fadkj ]dkjjd tokj eordc afive efkjvorod

lfeocdok efkvidr viorok kdiod evkd + Efflo mdmowo}d eordc }dmol dkjo} kdiod%kdiod

evkd mok }dmol ahifc efeadko oto}%oto} mfkjok af}vi lf}dlo efkvidr viorok+ Rfiodk


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?0

d}v evdm%evdm nvjo mdmowo}d }dmol eocd efkvidr oto}+ Oto} tokj md}vidr mdmowo}d

}dmol efewvktod lod}ok mfkjok wf}dlok tokj mdafd+

Hifc tokj mfedldok) roto afwfkmowo} ro}v londok }dkmolok wfiv mdnoioklok

vk}vl efeor}dlok fewo} afior hokj evdm tokj mdwdidc rfaojod roewfi mowo}

efkjvorod rfevio lfeocdok }frfav}+ Cordi londok dkd kok}d olok mowo} mdjvkolok

hifc jvv%jvv iodk vk}vl efidco} rfnovc eoko }dkmolok tokj mdiolvlok ahifc

efeaok}v evdm%evdm efkdkjlo}lok lfeocdok efkvidr kdiod evkd mok rf}fvrkto

olok efkdkjlo}lok wfkbowodok evdm moioe vndok o}ov wfwfdlrook tokj olok

mdnoioklok kok}d+

Hanfl}d` Londok

Londok }dkmolok roto efewvktod hanfl}d` rfwf}d afdlv}>

d+ Efkdkjlo}lok lfeocdok efkjdkjo}) efkjfrok mok efkvidr viorok kdiodevkd md loiokjok evdm ]ocvk Fkoe+

dd+ Efkjfkoiwor}d lofmoc efkjono woidkj aflfrok ahifc mdjvkolok vk}vlefkdkjlo}lok lfeocdok evdm+

ddd+ Efkjfrok wfvaocok }dkjlociolv whrd}d` evdm lf}dlo efkvidr viorokkdiod evkd rf}fioc londok rfifrod mdiolrokolok+

Rhoiok londok

d+ Omoloc evdm mowo} efkdkjlo}lok lfeocdok efkjdkjo}) efkjfrok mokefkvidr viorok kdiod evkd 8

dd+ Owoloc lofmoc efkjono woidkj aflfrok ahifc mdjvkolok vk}vlefkdkjlo}lok lfeocdok evdm%evdm efkjdkjo}) efkjfrok efkvidr

viorok kdiod%kdiod evkd 8

ddd+ Omoloc }fmowo} wfvaocok }dkjlociolv whrd}d` evdm lf}dlo efkvidrviorok kdiod evkd rf}fioc londok dkd rfifrod mdnoioklok8


17/87

?:

Drv Londok

@hlvr londok roto doioc efeaok}v evdm%evdm }ocvk fkoe efkjvlvclok

wfkjvorook efflo moioe lfeocdok efkjfrok kdiod evkd tokj }frdo} modwomo

eoliveo} tokj }frvo} modwomo wf}dlok tokj mdafdlok+ Afmorolok wfefco}dok

roto ) mdmowo}d evdm%evdm efkjcomowd eoroioc vk}vl efkbod mok efkto}olok

kdiod%kdiod evkd aojd lf}or wfkvidrok aocojdok B+ Evdm nvjo rvlo vk}vl

efkjcvodlok kdiod%kdiod evkd }frfav} rvwoto efknomd oto} tokj dkjlor) }fwo} mok

rfrvod mfkjok efkjjvkolok oto} rfkmdd+ Lfwfdco}dkok roto doioc evdm wfiv

efkbod mok efkjcvodlok kdiod%kdiod evkd }frfav} mfkjok dkjlor) }fwo} mok

rfrvod rf}o wfkvidrok efflo }dmol efiokjjo oocok tokj }fioc md}f}owlok dod}v

viorok }dmol efifadcd 67 wo}oc wflo}ook+

Efkjono evdm vk}vl efkbod mok efkjfrok kdiod evkd rfdkjloid efeafdlok

eoroioc lfwomo jvv+ Moioe aocojdok B wfkvidrok dkd) evdm wfiv efkbod)

efkjfrok mok efkjvior kdiod%kdiod evkd tokj }fmowo} moioe wf}dlok tokj

mdafdlok+ Wfiaojod r}o}fjd tokj mdjvkolok hifc jvv vk}vl efeor}dlok evdm%

evdm ahifc efkvidr viorok }frfav} mfkjok af}vi+ Zoiovwvk roto efkjfrok aoktol

eoroioc tokj mdcomowd hifc evdm }f}owd roto cokto efe`hlvrlok orwfl aflfkook

rfaojod aocok londok roto+ Londok dkd af}vnvok vk}vl efktfifrodlok eoroioc mok

efeaok}v evdm efkbod mok efkjfrok kdiod%kdiod evkd o}ov wfkjonook tokj

}fmowo} md moioe wf}dlok }flr rf}o efkjvior cordi bodok kdiod evkd }frfav}

mfkjok oto} tokj dkjlor) womo} mok rfrvod+

Lf}or wfwfdlrook Aocoro Efiotv wfkvidrok }faocojd lfwomo }djo aocojdok

dod}v aocojdok O) A mok B+ Koevk afjd}v) londok tokj dkjdk md`hlvrlok doioc womo

aocojdok B dod}v aocojdok efeavo} viorok kdiod evkd afmorolok wf}dlok }flr+

Afmorolok wfefco}dok roto moioe Vndok Afrfwomv Afloio #VAA$ @favod

ifwor) oeod evdm efkmowo} eoloc tokj fkmoc moioe aocojdok dkd+ Okoidrdr womo

lf}or rhoiok VAA efkmowo}d afafowo `ol}h evdm }dmol efkmowo} eoloc tokj

}dkjjd womo aocojdok dkd + Evdm mdmowo}d lfidv mfkjok kdiod evkd tokj }fmowo}

moioe wf}dlok }flr+ Evdm }dmol mowo} efkjfrok mok efkto}olok kdiod evkd tokj

}fmowo} md moioe wf}dlok+ Evdm nvjo }dmol mowo} efeavo} viorok moioe ro}v


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?3

wffkjjok mfkjok efkjjvkolok oto} tokj dkjlor) womo} mok afeolko+

Afmorolok wfefco}dok moioe wfkjonook mok wfeafionook roto md moioe

lfior) roto }fioc efkjfkoi wor}d afafowo `ol}h tokj efktfaoalok evdm }dmol

mowo} efkjfrok mok efkto}olok kdiod%kdiod evkd tokj mdwfivlok+ Efflo }dmol

efewvktod lfrvkjjvcok moioe efkvidr kdiod evkd+ Evdm%evdm mdmowo}d }dmol

eocv efeaobo afviokj loid moioe vroco vk}vl efkjfrok kdiod evkd tokj }fmowo}

md moioe wf}dlok tokj mdafd lfwomo efflo+ Wf}dlok tokj mdokoidrdr }fioiv evmoc

mok evdm lflvokjok dmfo vk}vl efkjfeaokjlokkto+ Roto nvjo efkmowo}d omo

evdm tokj cokto efktoidk rfevio wf}dlok tokj mdafd lfwomo efflo mfkjok

coowok jvv olok efeafd eoloc lordcok+

]fmowo} nvjo evdm tokj cokto efkvidr rfevio kdiod evkd tokj mdnvewod md

moioe wf}dlok moioe afk}vl vv}ok kheah+ Koevk afjd}v) owo tokj wor}dkto doioc

lfjojoiok evdm efkvidr viorok kdiod evkd nvjo efvwolok lfjojoiok rfhokj jvv

tokj efkjono+Ndlo jvv Aocoro Efiotv efkjono efkjjvkolok lofmoc tokj af}vi)

roto afwfkmowo} evdm%evdm }dmol olok efkjcomowd eoroioc afro vk}vl

efknozoa rhoiok aocojdok dkd+ Mfkjok mfedldok) roto aforo }fwokjjdi vk}vl

efewf}dkjlo}lok lfeocdok evdm lf}dlo efeavo} viorok kdiod%kdiod evkd ojo

efflo }dmol efkjcomowd lfrvlook md aocojdok dkd md moioe VWRQ kok}d+

Hifc d}v) wfkjvewviok mo}o ifadc ozoi }fioc mdiolrokolok efioivd

wfefco}dok moioe wfkjonook mok wfeafionook rf}o wfadkbokjok afroeo jvv%

jvv tokj efkjono evdm md lfior iodk+ Ro}v wfadkbokjok }fioc mdavo} aojd

efkjf}ocvd eoroioc tokj mdcomowd evdm moioe aocojdok B dkd+ Io}o afiolokj

evdm }feorvlioc eoliveo} mdd mok wfkbowodok efflo rfafive dkd nvjo mdrfeol

efioivd flhm tokj mdrdewok hifc jvv lfior+ Rfiodk d}v) ro}v vndok mdojkhr}dl }fioc

mdnoioklok aojd efkjfrok lfifeocok evdm moioe efkbod) efkjfrok mok efkjvior

kdiod evkd dkd+ Evdm%evdm tokj }fioc mdlfkoiwor}d efioivd vndok mdojkhr}dl dkd

}fioc mdnomdlok roewfi moioe londok roto+

Koevk afjd}v) roto toldk aocozo eoroioc dkd olok mowo} mdrfifrodlok ndlo

roto efkjjvkolok lofmoc tokj af}vi lf}dlo efkjono evdm efknozoa aocojdok B

dkd+ Owo tokj woidkj wfk}dkj doioc lfwolook jvv tokj efkjono+ Dkd omoioc lfoko


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?4

}fmowo} evdm tokj ahifc efknozoa mfkjok bfefiokj ) aodl) rfmfcoko mok ifeoc+

Jvv wfivioc efkjjvkolok lofmoc%lofmoc tokj aflfrok vk}vl efeaok}v evdm%

evdmkto+ Wfkmfmocok wfiv mdafd mdafd lfwomo evdm womo }ocvk fewo} iojd vk}vl

efeahifclok efflo afko%afko eocd efknozoa rhoiok tokj efidao}lok

aocojdok B dkd+ Wfkbowodok evdm olok efeafd lfrok tokj afro lfwomo wfr}ord

rflhioc lfoko londok dkd efidao}lok lfeocdok tokj mdvnd md moioe wfwfdlrook+

Londok dkd mdnoiok afmorolok afafowo wfkmflo}ok iodk o}ov mfkjok

efkjjoavkjlok wfiaojod lofmoc mok }flkdl rvwoto mowo} efkdkjlo}lok

lfaflfrokok wfkjonook mok wfeafionook+

Mf`dkdrd Dr}dioc

Kdio%kdiod Evqkd

Kdiod%kdiod evkd efvwolok oeoiok aodl tokj wfiv omo womo rf}dow hokj

rvwoto rfjoio }dkmolok efflo }dmol efktfifzfkj mod kheo%kheo rhrdoi tokj

mdlfcfkmold moioe eortoolo}+ Kdiod%kdiod evkd dkd mowo} efiocdlok dkrok

tokj vkjjvi mfed effoidrdlok edrd kordhkoi kfjoo+ Rfnono mfkjok d}v) rvanfl

Wfkmdmdlok Ehoi mok Wfkmdmdlok Drioe }fioc mdono md rflhioc%rflhioc vk}vl

efeafk}vl jfkford evmo tokj rfk}doro efkjoeoilok kdiod%kdiod evkd moioe

lfcdmvwok efflo+ Rfiodk d}v) dav aowo nvjo wfiv efeodklok wfokok wfk}dkj vk}vl

efeor}dlok zvnvmkto kdiod%kdiod evkd moioe mdd okol%okol efflo+

Kdiod%kdiod evkd wfk}dkj moioe lfcdmvwok vk}vl efiocdlok dkrok tokj

afolciol evido+ Rfrvkjjvckto afolciol evido oeo} md}vk}v} mod rvmv} avmoto)

wfomoaok mok ojoeo ld}o+ Oeoiok kdiod%kdiod evkd mowo} efeafk}vl dkrok tokj

rfdeaokj mod rfjd noreokd) fehrd) hcokd mok dk}fifl+ Ldkd) adiokjok wfiono md

kfjoo ld}o rfnveioc 6 nv}o hokj) ndlo }dmol md}fowlok mfkjok kdiod%kdiod evkd rfnol

md aokjlv rflhioc eolo efflo olok efknomd jfkford tokj olok efvjdlok kfjoo


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womo eoro lfiol+ Coi dkd lfoko) kdiod%kdiod evkd olok efkbfedklok rvoroko

lfcdmvwok tokj coehkd md Eoiotrdo+

Rfiodk d}v) wfiv omokto kdiod%kdiod evkd moioe lfcdmvwok omoioc vk}vl

efeafk}vl eortoolo} tokj afwfjokj }fjvc lfwomo onook ojoeo+ Lfwo}vcok

lfwomo ojoeo mowo} efeafk}vl dkrok evido tokj rfk}doro wo}vc lfwomo ]vcok mok

rf}do lfwomo kfjoo+ Hifc d}v) dav aowo wfiv efkfowlok kdiod%kdiod evkd

tokj }fmowo} moioe mhl}dk ojoeo eordkj%eordkj lf moioe ndzo okol%okol+

]oeaocok wvio) kdiod%kdiod evkd tokj afororlok ojoeo wfk}dkj vk}vl efeafk}vl

eortoolo} tokj afro}v womv+

Md wfdkjlo} rflhioc wvio) mdmdlok ehoi tokj whrd}d` mok kdiod evkd tokj

md}fowlok hifc jvv) olok mowo} efkjfiollok mdd wfiono modwomo }fnfaol moioe

wfiaojod wfkjovc kfjo}d` ivo tokj }dmol efeafdlok owo%owo `ofmoc mok eok`oo}+

Aflor Wfmoko Efk}fd) ]vk Rd M+ Eoco}cd Ehcoeom efewflfkoilok rvanfl

Wfkmdmdlok Ehoi md wfdkjlo} rflhioc fkmoc mok rflhioc efkfkjoc omoioc

af}vnvok efevwvl kdiod%kdiod evkd feono rfnol md aokjlv rflhioc+ Coi dkd

mfedldok lfoko kfjoo efefivlok jfkford tokj afwfkjf}ocvok) afzdaozo mok

afzozorok) afmdrdwidk) cfeoc }dkjjd) mfmdlord) af`dldok ivor rf}o whrd}d`+

Jvv%jvv mok lfomook rflhioc tokj lhkmvrd` ahifc efeaok}v woo wfiono

vk}vl efzvnvmlok kdiod evkd moioe mdd efflo+ Lfzvnvmok kdiod%kdiod evkd dkd

mowo} efiocdlok wfiono tokj bfefiokj avlok rocono moioe admokj olomfedl)

}f}owd nvjo admokj lhlvdlvive+ Rfaojod bhk}hckto) jvv%jvv tokj efkvknvllok

rdlow whrd}d` ahifc efknomd qhif ehmfi lfwomo woo wfiono+ ]oeaocok wvio) lfomook

rflhioc tokj lhkmvrd` mok ifkjlow mfkjok lfevmocok wfeafionook mowo}

efevmoclok woo wfiono afiono mok rf}fvrkto mowo} efevwvl rdlow whrd` moioe

mdd efflo+ Afjd}vioc bookto rflhioc mowo} efeaok}v woo wfionokto efknomd

rfhokj tokj efedidld kdio%kdiod evkd moioe mdd efflo+

]dmol mowo} mdko`dlok aocozo eortoolo} womo cod dkd }fioiv eo}fdoidr}dl

mok efefk}dkjlok lfefzocok+ Hifc d}v) }okjjowok rfrf}fkjoc wdcol tokj

efkjokjjow lhkhkkto kdiod lordc rotokj tokj ahifc md}vlo jok}d mfkjok co}o


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afkmo efvwolok ro}v lfrdiowok afro+ Rfafkokto) jfnoio rhrdoi tokj rfeoldk

afifivoro dkd afwvkbo modwomo lflvokjok lordc rotokj modwomo dav aowo efflo+

Dav aowo }fioiv rdavl mok }domo eoro vk}vl efkfowlok kdiod%kdiod evkd

lflfivojook rfwf}d lfrhwokok) omoa mok lfiolvok tokj aodl lfwomo okol%okol+

Hifc d}v) moioe vroco efevwvl kdiod evkd moioe mdd okol%okol) dav aowo wfiv

rfk}doro afrdlow wdco}dk }fcomow okol efflo aojd efeadko rfavoc lfivojo tokj

coehkd+

Lfrdewviokkto) roto rfiolv wfktfidmdl londok }dkmolok dkd afwfkmowo}

aocozo wfeok}owok }fcomow kdiod%kdiod evkd rfwf}d tokj mdrfkoodlok hifc LWE

wfiv mdcoto}d rfwfkvckto hifc rfivvc olto} Eoiotrdo+ Wfkjcoto}ok dkd wfk}dkj

vk}vl efeahifclok ld}o cdmvw rfboo coehkd mok oeok moeod md kfjoo dkd mok

efkjfiollok rvoroko }fjokj rfroeo olto} tokj afadiokj love+ Hifc d}v iokjloc

wfkfowok kdiod%kdiod evkd md }ocow ozoi dod}v lf}dlo evdm%evdm afomo md rflhioc

fkmoc omoioc omoioc oeo} rfrvod mdiolrokolok+

Nomvoi ? Bo}o =7 kdiod evkd


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23/87

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]dknovok Id}fo}v

]dknovok dkd omoioc afmorolok cordi mowo}ok rveaf%rveaf tokj mdwfhifcd

hifc wfkjlond tokj }fmocviv+ Efkvv} @o}deoc Feahkj #1773$ tokj }fioc

efknoioklok wfktfidmdlok tokj af}onvl Boqo Efkjvior Kdiod Evqkd o}ov

Wfkjonoqok Moqdwomo Wf}dlok #Aocojdok B Wfkvidrok$mdRflhioc Lfaokjrook Rd

Iokjo} + Moioe wfktfidmdlokkto ) afidov }fioc efe`hlvrlok vk}vl efkjcomlok

viorok evdm rvwoto }dmol }fioiv woknokj+ Rf}dmol%}dmolkto) adiokjok wflo}ook

}dmol ahifc efifadcd iowok wvivc wo}oc wflo}ook+ Afidov }fioc efkjfkoiwor}d

lfifeocok evdm%evdmkto moioe aocojdok dkd dod}v evdm rvlo efkjfrok kdiod

evkd tokj }frdo}+ Bhk}hc tokj mdafd }dmol omo lod}ok mfkjok wf}dlok tokj mdafd

moioe wf}dlok+ Moioe londok dkd) wfktfidmdl }fioc efkjfkoi wor}d lvewviok

rorookkto dod}v rfwvivc hokj evdm }ocvk fkoe+

Afmorolok londok%londok iodk) ok}ookto tokj }fioc mdnoioklok hifc Ehcm

Oi`od~oi Bcf Oivd #1770$ efkjfkod Wfkjoeoiok Kdiod%kdiod Evkd Moioe Loiokjok

Wfiono ]dkjlo}ok Fewo} Rflhioc Efkfkjoc Lfaokjrook ]oeok Vkdpfrd}d #1$ tokj

mdoeoilok moioe lfcdmvwok rfcoqdok+ ]vnvok londok dkd omoioc vk}vl efkjf}ocvd

wfkjoeoiok kdiod%kdiod evkd moioe loiokjok wfiono tokj mdoeoilok moioe

lfcdmvwok codok+ Wfktfidmdl dkjdk efidco} omoloc wfiono%wfiono efkjoeoilok kdiod

evkd tokj mdwfhifcd rfwoknokj wfeafionook moioe oeoiok codok) kdiod evkd

mhedkok mdoeoilok rf}o efkjf}ocvd omoloc wfkjoeoiok kdiod%kdiod evkd efioivd

wfeafionook efeafd lfrok whrd}d` }fcomow mdd wfiono+ Londok dkd mdiolvlok

}fcomow ?17 frwhkmfk tokj }fmdd modwomo wfiono%wfiono }dkjlo}ok fewo}

Rflhioc Efkfkjoc ]oeok Vkdpfrd}d #1$+

Roewfi londok mdwdidc rfboo ozol evmoc afmorolok lfwomo Nomvoi

Wfkfk}v Rod~ hifc Lfnbdf mok Ehjok #?4:7$+ Efkjjvkolok rhoi rfidmdl rfaojod

dkr}vefk londok tokjmdaocojdlok lfwomo Aocojdok O dod}v rhoiok aflod}ok io}o

afiolokj frwhkmfk mok Aocojdok A efkjokmvkjd d}fe%d}fe kdiod%kdiod evkd+ Cordi

londok efkvknvllok fkooe afior orwfl kdiod evkd tokj mdbomokj wfkfowokkto

hifc @oiro`oc Wfkmdmdlok Kfjoo moioe lvewviok wfkmdmdlok md}fow hifc wfiono


24/87

1=

vk}vl mdoeoilok md moioe lfcdmvwok coqdok+ Kdiod evkd lfrtvlvqok omoioc kdiod

evkd tokj woidkj mhedkok mdcoto}d hifc rf}dow wfiono+ Dewidlord lfwomo londok dkd

olok mowo} efiocdlok wfiono%wfiono tokj rfdeaokj mod rfjd noreokd) fehrd)

hcokd mok dk}fifl+

Londok iodk tokj ahifc mdidco} doioc Wfkfqowok Kdiod%kdiod Evkd LARE

Moioe Whrfr Wfkjonook Mok Wfeafionook Moioe Loiokjok Jvv%jvv Rodkr md

Iowok Avoc Rflhioc Efkfkjoc md Mofoc Nd}o tokj mdnoioklok hifc Evkdoc

Oceom Eo~vld #177=$+ Wfktfidmdl }fioc efkjoeadi rfoeod }vnvc wvivc hokj

jvv Rodkr tokj efvwolok frwhkmfk moioe londok dkd+ Wfkfowok kdiod%kdiod evkd

LARE moioe whrfr wfkjonook mok wfeafionook md loiokjok jvv%jvv Rodkr d}v

mdlond mod orwfl lhjkd}d`) }dkjloc iolv mok fehrd+ Cordi londok dkd mowo} efeaok}v

Lfefk}fdok Wfionook Eoiotrdo) Noao}ok Wfkmdmdlok Kfjfd) jvv%jvv) wdcol

rflhioc) dav aowo mok eortolo} aojd efkdkjlo}lok wfkfowok kdiod%kdiod evkd

moioe lfcdmvwok rfcodok+

]dknovok afqdlv}kto doioc Oeoiok Kdiod Evqkd Moioe Loiokjok wfionoq

efvwolok ro}v londok md ]ffkjjokv hifc Oamvi Qoceok Eocevm afroeo

Oedmdk ^dk #?443$ mod Noao}ok Wfkmdmdlok Eol}oa Wfjvvok Lvoio ]ffkjjokv+

Wfktfidmdl efkjlond lfefhrh}ok mdrdwidk moioe loiokjok wfiono tokj rfdkj

efknomd }hwdl wfavoiok mok mdrdolok md olcao%olcao+ Wfiono%wfiono ldkd)

lcorkto md wfdkjlo} rflhioc efkfkjoc lvokj efkjoeoilok kdiod%kdiod evkd

moioe lfcdmvwok rfcodok+ Ndlo eoroioc dkd jojoi mdo}ord) do olok efknomd ro}v

rdkmhe tokj rfdvr mok efknfnorlok lfcdmvwok afeortoolo} md kfjoo ld}o+ Rfnol

lfafiolokjok dkd) evkbvi afafqowo lvewviok rfwfq}d Aiobl Ef}oi) Wvkl) Eo}

Qfewd}) Ahcrdo mok rfaojodkto iojd tokj ahifc efqvk}vckto olciol wfionoq+ Hifc

d}v) wfktfidmdl bvao efidco} rf}olo} eokoloc oeoiok kdiod%kdiod evkd md loiokjok

wfiono%wfiono }dkjlo}ok fewo} mod mvo afior avoc rflhioc efkfkjoc md Kfjfd

]ffkjjokv rfaojod efzoldid lvewviok wfiono md rflhioc efkfkjoc+

Rhh}ok tokj }folcd doioc Wfkfqowok Kdiod Moioe Wfkjonoqok Jvqv Eo}feo}dl

Rflhioc Efkfkjoc hifc Ehcm V~d Mhioc #177:$+ Wfktfidmdl efknoioklok londok

lvoi}d}o}d` dkd af}vnvok vk}vl efknfionocd kdiod wfkjonook Eo}feo}dl md adidl monoc


25/87

16

hifc }djo hokj jvv Eo}feo}dl rflhioc efkfkjoc+ ]fmowo} }djo lo}fjhd v}oeo

kdiod dod}v kdiod wfkmdmdlok veve) kdiod Eo}feo}dl mok kdiod wfkmdmdlok Eo}feo}dl+

Jvv Eo}feo}dl }dkjlo}ok fewo} modwomo mvo avoc rflhioc efkfkjoc mod Mofoc

Lvoio Lvav Aov }fidao} moioe londok dkd+ Mowo}ok londok efkvknvllok aocozo

lf}djo%}djo wfrf}o }dmol efknomdlok wfkfowok kdiod rfaojod rvo}v wfloo tokj

wfiv mdkto}olok rfboo }frvo} moioe okbokjok wfkjonook+ Lfrfevo wfrf}o

efkto}olok kdiod tokj md}fowlok moioe wfkjonook moioe adidl monoc cokto rf}fioc

md}okto hifc roto rfafive o}ov rfifwor wfefco}dok+ Wfkfowok kdiod }fiolroko

moioe wfkjonook roeomo rfboo }frdo} o}ov }frvo}+ Lfaoktolok kdiod tokj

mdrfmod wfkfowok hifc wfrf}o doioc kdiod wfkmdmdlok veve) lcvrvrkto kdiod tokj

aflod} mfkjok wfeaokjvkok mdd rfwf}d kdiod af}fdeo lordc) cheo} mok toldk+

Rfevo wfrf}o }dmol efktfmod afiolv wfkfowok kdiod Eo}feo}dl moioe

wfkjonook) zoiovwvk }fmowo} mvo kdiod Eo}feo}dl) dod}v afrd`o} hanfl}d` mok

lf}favlook) }fiolroko rfboo }frdo} moioe wfkjonook Eo}feo}dl+ Wfkfowok kdiod

wfkmdmdlok Eo}feo}dl rfboo }frdo} }okwo mdrfmod hifc wfrf}o londok

efeaoad}lok kdiod `heoidr}dl) dkr}vefk}oi) fifpok) }fhf}dloi ) lfahifcbowodok mok

wfkdiodok+

EF]HMHIHJD LONDOK

Wfkjfkoiok

Londok tokj roto noioklok omoioc mdomow}ordlok modwomo Ehmfi Londok Lfeedr

Eb ]ojjom #?433$+ Afwokmvlok ehmfi dkd tokj efewvktod fewo} ld}ook) roto

}fioc efeavo} wfokbokjok ozoi mfkjok efknoioklok vndok mdojkhr}dl vk}vl

efkjfrok mofoc lfifeocok evdm) efiolroko }dkmolok efioivd afafowo lofmoc

wfkjonook) efeavo} wfefco}dok }fcomow }dkjlociolv mok wfkbowodok evdm lf}dlo

}dkmolok mdnoioklok+ Afmorolok mowo}ok tokj mdwfhifcd) roto efeavo} okoidrdr

vk}vl efkdiod lfaflfrokok }fcomow }dkmolok tokj }fioc mdnoioklok+

Efioivd wfkmflo}ok londok }dkmolok dkd) aocok londok mdlvewvilok efioivd

afafowo boo ok}ookto doioc vndok) wfefco}dok) rhoi rfidmdl mok rfkood rfeol+


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10

Rfboo vevekto londok }dkmolok dkd efkjjvkolok wfkmflo}ok okoidrdr mfrldw}d`

lvok}d}o}d` mok lvoid}o}d`+

Qflo Afk}vl Londok

Qflo afk}vl londok efvwolok ro}v r}o}fjd o}ov okbokjok aojodeoko vk}vl

efknoioklok rfrvo}v londok tokj efidao}lok wfedidcok mok wfeaocojdok roewfi+

Lofmoc lvoid}o}d` mdjvkolok vk}vl efkmowo} eoliveo} wfdaomd evdm%evdm ]ocvk

Fkoe Kdioe mok lofmoc lvok}d}o}d` mdjvkolok vk}vl efkmowo}lok eoliveo}

wfkbowodok mok wfeoroiocok evdm%evdm moioe lfeocdok efkbod mok efkvidr

viorok kdiod evkd vk}vl lf}or mvo Wfionook Aocoro Efiotv + Qflo afk}vl londok

dkd nvjo efkfokjlok owoloc mo}o mok aojodeoko mo}o mdlv}dw+ Londok dkd

afq`hlvrlok lofmoc Eoqd Coòi Kdiod Evqkd #EOCOKDEV$ efkjjvkolook

}flkdl io}dc }vad+

Nfkdr londok tokj olok roto noioklok doioc vk}vl efkdkjlo}lok lfeocdok

efkjdkjo}) efkbod mok efkvidr viorok kdiod evkd tokj }fmowo} md moioe wf}dlok+

Londok dkd afafk}vl lvoid}o}d` mfkjok efkjjvkolok mo}o moioe afk}vl òl}o oroi

rfwf}d tokj mdidco}) mdmfkjo mok mdaobo+ Mo}o afafk}vl lvok}d}o}d` nvjo mdjvkolok

moioe londok dkd+ Ro}v lfokjlo }fhd covr mdwdidc mok md}f}owlok vk}vl

efiolrokolok londok }dkmolok dkd+

Roto }fioc efedidc ehmfi Lfeedr mok Eb]ojjo} #?433$ efknfiorlok) aojd

rfrf}fkjoc lvewviok tokj rvmoc efokbokj }dkmolok) efflo ahifc efeviolok

iokjloc wf}oeo rfwf}d eoko tokj mdlfevlolok hifc ehmfi Ifzdk+ Zoiov

aojodeokowvk) efflo afwfkmowo} aocozo lfaoktolok lvewviok olok efeviolok

wfdkjlo} ozoi fìflrd aojd efeavo} }dknovok ozoi #dkd}doi qfbhkkodrrokbf$ }fcomow

rfrvo}v rd}vord rfaojod oror vk}vl efokbokj mok af}dkmol+ Ehmfi dkd md}vknvllok

moioe Qonoc ?+


27/87


28/87

13

mo}o%mo}o ozoi aojd efkmowo}lok joeaook ozoi }fk}okj eoroioc tokj mdcomowd

hifc evdm%evdm ]ocvk Fkoe Kdioe+

Womo wfdkjlo} lfmvo doioc efokbokj }dkmolok+ Roto }fioc efokbokj wfiok

}dkmolok vk}vl efkjo}ord eoroioc tokj }fioc mdlfkoi wor}d+ Hifc d}v) }flkdl

efkjcoòi rfevo kdiod evkd efkjjvkolok lom kdiod evkd) wfkfjvcok }fcomow

lhkrfw kdiod%kdiod evkd mok io}dcok }fokbokj efkvidr viorok }fioc mdrfmdolok hifc

roto vk}vl efkdkjlo}lok lfeocdok woo roewfi londok+ Womo wfdkjlo} lf}djo doioc

wfiolrokook md eoko roto olok efiolrokolok wfiok }dkmolok tokj }fioc mdokbokj+

Md moioe wfiok }dkmolok dkd roto }fioc efktfmdolok wfiaojod nfkdr ol}dpd}d tokj

evmoc mok efkodl vk}vl efeaok}v evdm%evdm efkjvorod lfeocdok efkvidr

viorok kdiod evkd+ Md moioe rf}dow wfiolrokook }dkmolok dkd) roto olokefknoioklok vndok wo mok vndok whr vk}vl efefco}d lfrok }dkmolok tokj

mdiolrokolok+ Vndok dkd af}vnvok efidco} wfaf~ook wfr}ord tokj afiolv lfwomo

roewfi+ Wfkjvewviok mo}o mdiolvlok aojd efidco} wfkbowodok evdm efioivd

wfaokmdkjok vndok wo mok whr+

Womo wfdkjlo} lf fewo} dod}v wfdkjlo} effìfl+ Md wfdkjlo} olcd dkd )

roto olok efkdiod lfaflfrokok }dkmolok tokj mdnoioklok+ Effìfl olok efidao}lok

okoidrdr mo}o%mo}o tokj mdwfhifcd efioivd vndok wo mok whr+ Efioivd okoidrdr mo}o dkd)roto olok mowo} efkjf}ocvd omoloc }dkmolok tokj roto noioklok d}v afnoto o}ov

rfaoidlkto+Jfivkjok lfmvo wfiv mdiolrokolok ndlo }dkmolok tokj wf}oeo }dmol

afcordi+ Lfokjlo lhkrfw dkd olok mdnomdlok wokmvok vk}vl efeahifclok roto

efknoioklok londok }dkmolok dkd rfcdkjjo rfifrod+

Lvewviok Roroqok

Roewfi tokj mdwdidc efvwolok evdm ]ocvk Fkoe Kdioe md Rflhioc

Lfaokjrook ]fadkj ]dkjjd) ]okoc Efoc) Lfiok}ok+ Lfior dkd efvwolok lfior

wf}oeo modwomo mvo lfior }ocvk fkoe+ Lfaoktolok evdm }fmdd modwomo

eortoolo} lfior adoro tokj }fmdd modwomo wfkmvmvl loewvkj+ Evdm%evdm md

moioe lfior dkd efewvktod lfeocdok efeaobo mok efkvidr mfkjok aodl+ Efflo

lfidco}ok ol}d`) edko} afiono mok efewvktod wfivokj vk}vl efkdkjlo} eonv md

moioe wfionook+


29/87


30/87


31/87

2?

?: KDL KOMDQOC A] KDL DRLOKMOQ ?7 10 ?0 3:

?3 KDL ÔCD]DI O^DQO A] ÔEQD : ?3 0 61

?4 KHHQOREO A] EHCM TVRH@@ 3 11 : 01

17 KHQRDLDK A] ÔLOQDO : ?0 0 =3

1? KVQO]DLOC A] EHCM ]OQED^D : 11 : 07

11 KVQ FIDOKO A] OÊDK 3 17 ?1 0112 KVQ @OQEDÔ A] QOÔID 3 11 ?1 :7

1= KVQ @O]DCOC FÔ]D A] COKV^D 6 ?2 : =1

16 KVQ RCOQDQO A] RCOOQD 3 1= ?1 :2

10 KVQ ÔD]VI A] EHCM DAQO 3 10 ?1 ::

1: KVQCVRKO EODROQOC A] ÔEQD 3 1= ?1 :2

13 KVQVI DITOKO A] ÔDM 3 11 ?1 :1

14 KVQVI RTOEDQOC A] EOKOR 3 1= ?1 :2

27 RD]D RTOCDQOC A] OAM QOCEOK : ?3 = =2

2? RVEOTTOC A] OAV ROEOC 3 11 ?7 0:

Wfkbowodok ]ocow Adiokjok Evqdm Wfqo}vr

7%17 Rokjo} Ifeoc % %

1?%24 Ifeoc % %

=7%64 Rfmfcoko ?7 21+2

07%:4 Aodl ?4 0?+2

37%?77 Bfefiokj 1 0+=

Nomvoi 2 md o}or efkvknvllok }ocow wfkbowodok evdm rf}fioc vndok

mdojkhr}dl mdnoioklok+ Mdmowo}d cokto mvo hokj evdm afomo md }ocow wfkbowodok

bfefiokj) rfeadiok afior hokj md }ocow aodl mok rfwvivc hokj md }ocow

rfmfcoko+ Wfkbowodok dkd efkvknvllok evdm%evdm efkjcomowd eoroioc vk}vl

efknozow rhoiok tokj mdlfevlolok md aocojdok B lf}or wfkvidrok Aocoro Efiotv+

Roto nvjo }fioc efeavo} wfkfid}dok }fcomow eoloc tokj mdmowo}d efioivd

vndok mdojkhr}dl dkd+ Afmorolok wfkfid}dok) roto mowo}d rfoeod fewo} hokj evdm

]ocvk Fkoe Kdioe efkjcomowd eoroioc vk}vl efknozoa rhoiok md aocojdok B tokj

efefivlok efflo efkjfrok mok efkvidr viorok moioe ro}v wffkjjok+

Afmorolok eoliveo} tokj mdwfhifcd efioivd vndok mdojkhr}dl dkd) eolo roto }fioc

efedidc rfoeod fewo} afior hokj evdm vk}vl mdnomdlok roewfi londok roto+


32/87


33/87

22

Qonoc 1 > Eoloc wfkbowodok vndok mdojkhr}dl

Io}o Afiolokj Rflhioc

Rflhioc Lfaokjrook ]fadkj ]dkjjd efvwolok rflhioc jfm O lo}fjhd ivo

aokmo+ Rflhioc dkd }fif}ol iowok ldihef}f mod Aokmo ]okoc Efoc+ Rflhioc dkd

}fif}ol md }fwd Rvkjod Lfiok}ok+ Nveioc jvv md rflhioc dkd omoioc rfoeod 21 hokj

eokoloio nveioc evdm 14? hokj tokj }fmdd modwomo 107 hokj evdm ifiold mok

?2? hokj evdm wffewvok+

Rflhioc dkd }fmdd modwomo mvo aihl aokjvkok aocov mok ? aihl aokjvkok

ioeo 2 }dkjlo}+ Rfevo adidl lcor }fmowo} md rflhioc dkd rfwf}d wvro} rveaf)eoleoi

rodkr) adidl lfeocdok cdmvw) adidl rvlok) adidl lhewv}f) adidl lfrdco}ok) adidl ev~dl

mok rfaojodkto iojd+ Hifc tokj mfedldok) lfevmocok md rflhioc dkd mdmowo}d rf}oo`

mfkjok rflhioc%rflhioc tokj }fmowo} md aokmo+

7

1

=

0

3

?7

?1

?=

?0

?3

17

:3

60

4

0 0 0:

0: :

=

?7

17


34/87


35/87


36/87

20

Qonoc 2 > Eoloc wfkbowodok vndok wo

Afmorolok lfwv}vrok tokj mdwfhifcd dkd ) roto mowo}d oeod md ok}oo roewfi

londok roto }dmol mowo} efkjdkjo}d kdiod%kdiod evkd+ Wfloo dkdioc tokj

efktfaoalok efflo }dmol afnoto efkvidr viorok kdiod evkd mfkjok aodl md moioe

aocojdok B+ Afmorolok onoc 2) mdmowo}d roewfi : woidkj fkmoc wfkbowodokkto

dod}v cokto afnoto efkmowo} 17 wfo}vr eoloc+ Eokoloio roewfi : wvio afnoto

efkbowod 67 wfo}vr+ Hifc tokj mfedldok) eolo roto }fioc efokbokj }djo wiok

}dkmolok vk}vl efeaok}v roewfi londok roto efkdkjlo}lok lfeocdok efflo

=7

=6

26

=7

=6

26

17

26

=7

26

27=7

27

67

7

?7

17

27

=7

67

07

R? R1 R2 R= R6 R0 R: R3 R4 R?7 R?? R?1 R?2 R?=


37/87


38/87

23

Joeao 1 > Wfiolrokook Lofmoc EOCOKDEV

Bhk}hc Aocok


39/87


40/87

=7

1 1 2? ::+6

2 2 13 :7

= = 27 :6

6 6 22 31+6

0 0 13 :7

: : 10 06

3 3 21 37

4 4 2= 36

?7 ?7 16 01+6

?? ?? 13 :7

?1 ?1 14 :1+6

?2 ?2 13 :7

?= ?= 21 37

Eoqloc(Wvqo}o =76(607 :1+2

Qonoc = > Jo` Wfkbowodok Vndok ]dkmolok ?

:6::+6

:7:6

31+6

:706

37

36

01+6

:7:1+6

:7

37

7

?7

17

27

=7

67

07

:7

37

47

R? R1 R2 R= R6 R0 R: R3 R4 R?7 R?? R?1 R?2 R?=


41/87


42/87

=1

]dkmolok 1

@ocoe Lhkrfw Okmo HL

Efioivd }dkmolok dkd) roewfi mdafd wfkmfmocok ifkjlow cvodok }fk}okj kdiod%kdiod

evkd tokj }fioc mdwfionod moioe moioe iokjloc wf}oeo+ Vk}vl }fvr efkodl

edko} evdm) roto }fioc efkjjvkolok ]EL #wfdrdok whzfq whdk}r$+ Wfkjjvkook

wfdrdokwhzfq whdk}r mdmowo}d mowo} efokjrokj edko} mok eh}dpord roewfi vk}vl

}fvr afiono+ Roewfi afwfivokj efidco}) efktfav}) efeaobo mok efeafdlok

wfkmowo} lf}dlo ol}dpd}d wfkjonook dkd afiokjrvkj md moioe adidl DB]+ Rfiodk d}v)

roewfi nvjo }vv} mdrfmdolok kh}o ifkjlow }fk}okj cvodok rf}dow kdiod evkd tokj

}fioc mdco`oi+ Vk}vl }vnvok wfkjvlvcok) roewfi nvjo mdlfcfkmold efiolvlok ol}dpd}d

af}vidr tokj }fioc mdrfmdolok hifc roto+]dkmolok 1 dkd }fioc mdiolrokolok womo ?7

Nviod 17?1 cdkjjo 1= Nviod 17?1+ ]flkdl dkd mdiolrokolok rfioeo ideo rfrd +

Ol}dpd}d ?

Wfknfiorok lhkrfw kdiod evqkd mok cvqodokkto+

Vk}vl efiolrokolok ol}dpd}d dkd) roto }fioc efktfmdolok rfkood ifkjlow kdiod evkd

mok cvodokkto lfwomo rf}dow roewfi+ Roewfi mdafd wfknfiorok }fk}okj lhkrfw dkd

efioivd wfkjjvkook DB] #whzfqwhdk}$+ Rfiodk d}v roewfi nvjo mdrfmdolok rfkood

ifkjlow tokj md}oewoi md moioe avlv ihj efflo+ Rfkood d}v wfiv mdaobo rf}dow cod

vk}vl efeahifclok efflo efk}o`rd eoliveo} tokj }fmowo} md moioe wf}dlok

kok}d+ Efioivd boo dkd) roewfi olok mowo} efeocoed rfwfkvckto lhkrfw kdiod evkd

tokj wfiv md`ocoed rfafive mowo} efkvidr viorok tokj aflvoid}d+ Afdlv} omoioc

rfkood kdiod evkd mok cvodok ifkjlow tokj }fioc mdrfmdolok hifc roto md moioe

ol}dpd}d ? dkd+


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==

rfld}o(efkfaor vewv}(efeaolo roewoc

EFKNOJO LFRDCO]OK Eolok eolokok aflcordo}( eolokok

rfdeaokj(afrvlok(afnhjdkj(afeodk aomedk}hk

EFKNOJO

LFRFIOEO]OK

Afco}d%co}d(efefdlro lfkmfook(efeokmokj lf

ldd mok lokok(efeolod }hwd lfifmo

RFEOKJO] WO]QDH]DL Afmdd owoadio efkmfkjo iojv Kfjoolv(efiozo} ]vjv Kfjoo(}fewo} afrfnooc

]OAOC(ROAOQ(

BFLOI

]dmol lfbfzo mfkjok

lfeo}dok(lfrvrocok(mvjook(mdfnfl(mdcdko(

mdavid

WFQOEOC(EVMOC

EFRQO

Af}okto lcoao(efktowo lozok

DLCIOR Efkhiol joknook(wfeafdok(efiolvlok rfrvo}v

}okwo efkjcoowlok aoiorok

LORDC ROTOKJ( RDEWO]D Efefivl okol(bvbv lfoko ioeo }ol nvewo(

efkjcvivlok mfeo lfwomo hokj edrldkQORDHKOI Efiolvlok rfrvo}v rf}fioc efedldlok

lfaodlokkto

]OO] ( WO]VC Efkjdlv} oocok(kordco} dav aowo(jvvEfkjdlv}

wfo}vok

RFEOKJO]

AFQEORTOQOLO](

LFNDQOKOK

Jh}hkj%hthkj lfkmvd ( ~dooc ndok rold}^dooc

lfeo}dokvbow }ol~docAfd eolokok lfwomo

ndok ( }hihkj ndok

AFQ]OKJJVKJNOZOA

Efeviokjlok co}o afkmo hokj ( efiolrokolok

}vjor ( efkfjv wfavo}ok kfjo}d`

AFQMDLOQD Efeavo} rfrvo}v wfloo rfkmdd }okwo

efkjcoowlok hokj iodk(jhrhl aonv(aorvc lorv}

LFAFAOROK Efkjfivolok wfkmowo} moioe wfadkbokjok)

efkbomokjlok rfrvo}v

AFQRDLOW RFMFQCOKO

Effkmoc mdd(}dmol rheahkj(}dmol afefjoc%

efjoc(aflhkjrd lfnotook mfkjok dav aowo(jvv

ADNOLROKO (ADNOL

AFQ@DLDQ (ADNOL

EFEAVO] LFWV]VROK

Af}dkmol mfkjok adnol ( efiolvlok rfrvo}v

rf}fioc af`dld+

AFQZOZOROK (

AFQBD]O%BD]O ]DKJJD (

AFQNDZO AFROQ

Dkjdk afnoto moioe cdmvw ( dkjdk efkjvaoc korda

lfivojo ( efioknv}lok wfionook lf efkoo

jomdkj( dkjdk efknomd mhb}h

MFMDLORD

Afedko} mok fio efkjhaoklok eoro mok }fkojo

moioe efiolvlok rfrvo}v tokj af`ofmoc (

aflfno mfkjok afrvkjjjvc%rvkjjvc

AFQMDLOQD

Efeavo} rfrvo}v wfloo rfkmdd }okwo

efkjcoowlok hokj iodk(jhrhl aonv(aorvc lorv}

AFQ]HIFQOKRD (

AFQ]HIOL OKRVQ

Efeoo`lok lfroiocok hokj ( aojd wdknoe wfkrfi

lfwomo lozok( }dmol aforo eooc o}or }dkmolok


45/87

=6

olok ( }dmol efkjoeadi co}d

EFEWVKTOD NO]D MDQD ]ocok iorol ( bfloi co}d ( }oaoc efkjcomowd

bvaook(dk}okjok(lfrvrocok

AFQOKD Efkto}olok lfafkook ( }hihkj hokj ifeor (

afiozok mfkjok wfknoco} ( wfknfkotoc

( efewf}ocoklok mddCHQEO] (

EFKJCHQEO]D

Efeafd roioe ( vbowok rfioeo}( efktowo

rfrfhokj mfkjok aodl ( aokjvk owoadio jvv

eorvl lf moioe lfior+

Ol}dpd}d 1

Adeadkjok Boqo Efkvidr Oto} Afqafk}vl Viorok

Efioivd ol}dpd}d dkd) roto }fioc efeadeadkj roewfi }fk}okj boo%boo cfkmol

efkvidr viorok afmorolok kdiod%kdiod evkd tokj mdrfkoodlok+ Roewfi mdadeadkj

boo%boo efkvidr oto} tokj af}vi+ Wfkjjvkook ld}o efr}d) ld}o cfkmolioc) ld}o

rfcoqvrkto mok ld}o wfqiv mdmfmoclok lfwomo roewfi vk}vl efeahifclok

efflo efkvidr oto}%oto} tokj af}vi lf}dlo efeavo} viorok ifkjlow+ Rfiodk mdafd

wfkmfmocok) roto nvjo efktvvc roewfi efeadko oto}%oto} afmorolok kdiod evkd

tokj roto afdlok lfwomo efflo+ Afdlv} omoioc bhk}hc%bhk}hc oto} tokj wfiv

md}vidr hifc roewfi lf}dlo efeavo} viorok kdiod evkd+ Roto }fioc efeadeadkj

roewfi efkvidr oto}%oto} tokj rfrvod afmorolok wf}dlok tokj mdaobo vk}vl

efkjfiollok viorok tokj }fwfrhkj+ Roto }fioc efeafdlok aoktol io}dcok

efeadko oto} afmorolok kdiod evkd tokj mdmowo}d md moioe wf}dlok+ Bo}o md

aozoc dkd efvwolok wokmvok tokj roto rfmdolok lfwomo rf}dow roewfi londok roto+

Omoioc mdcoowlok ojo roewfi mowo} efeaobo mok efewfaodld boo efkvidr

viorok efflo rfifwor dkd+

Nomvoi 3 > Boo Efkvidr Kdiod Evkd

Adi Kdiod Evqkd Boqo efkvidr Oto}

?+ Cheo}%efkjcheo}d Ld}o efr}d cheo} mok }oo} lfwomo dav aowo (

jvv ( hokj tokj ifadc }vo+

1+ ]hihkj%efkhihkj ( aok}v% Ld}o wfiv efeaok}v dav aowo efdkjoklok


46/87

=0

efeaok}v afaok kfflo+

Ld}o wfiv efeaok}v evdm%evdm ( omdl tokj

ifeoc moioe wfionook+

Ld}o wfiv efeaok}v hokj tokj efkjcomowdlfrvrocok( afeoroioc

2+ Af}okjjvkjnozoa Ld}o efr}d af}okjjvkjnozoa efknojo

lfafrdcok lfior( veoc ( oioe rfld}o ld}o+

Ld}o efr}d af}okjjvkjnozoa efktdowlok

lfno veoc tokj mdafdlok+

Ld}o efr}d efknomd rfhokj okol ( evdm tokj

af}okjjvkjnozoa+

=+ Efknojo lfafrdcok Ld}o efr}d rfk}doro efknojo lfafrdcok veoc

( rflhioc ( }fewo} }dkjjoi ( mdd rfkmdd

6 Efknojo lfrdco}ok Ld}o efr}d rfk}doro efknojo lfrdco}ok mdd

mfkjok eolok eolokok aflcordo}

0 Efkmfkjo kordco} Ld}o efr}d efkmfkjo kordco} jvv ( dav aowo (

hokj iodk+

: Cfeoc }dkjjd Ld}o efr}d afjovi efro mfkjok rfevo hokj+

Ld}o efr}d afavmd aocoro moioe wfjoviok+

Ld}o efr}d efkjolvd lfroiocok mdd rf}o

rokjjvw afvaoc+

3 Lordc rotokj Ld}o efr}d afrdlow rotokjlok mdd rfkmdd (

hokj iodk+

Ld}o efr}d aokjjo mok }oo} rf}do lfwomo kfjoo+

4 Aodl co}d Ld}o efr}d afrdlow afior lordcok }fcomowlfrvrocok hokj iodk+

Ld}o efr}d af}deaokj oro }fcomow lfrvrocok

hokj iodk+

Ld}o efr}d afevoc co}d efeafd aok}vok

lfwomo hokj iodk+

Ld}o rokjjvw efedk}o mok efeafd eoo`

lfwomo hokj iodk+


47/87

=:

?7+

Lfomdiok

Ld}o efr}d afrdlow omdi efeavo} rfrvo}v

wfloo+

??+ Afrhwok rok}vk Ld}o wfiv afrhwok rok}vk lfwomo jvv ( dav

aowo ( olok( hokj tokj ifadc }vo+

?1+ Efkjcojod eoro Ld}o efr}d efkjcojod eoro mfkjok

efiolvlok ol}dpd}d%ol}dpd}d tokj af`ofmoc+

?2+ Afndeo}%bfeo} Ld}o wfiv afndeo}%bfeo} mfkjok zokj (

afloiok od ( afloiok fifl}dl+

?= ondk Ld}o wfiv ondk efeaobo vk}vl ivivr mfkjok

bfefiokj+

?6

Nvnv Ld}o wfiv afrdlow nvnv efiolvlok rfrvo}v

mfkjok }dmol afbolow ahchkj+

?0 Afco}d%co}d Ld}o ef}d afco}d%co}d womo rf}dow eoro ( md

noiok oto ( rfeoro aflfno+

?: Lfrtvlvok Ld}o wfiv afrtvlv mowo} cdmvw mfkjok oeok+

Ld}o wfiv efkjfkokj noro dav aowo ( jvv ld}o+

?3 Af}hiol okrv Ld}o wfiv af}hiol okrv ok}oo ro}v mfkjok

tokj iodk+

?4 Af}fdeo lordc Ld}o wfiv efkjvbowlok }fdeo lordc o}or

aok}vok tokj mdafdlok+

17 Lfndokok Ld}o wfiv afrdlow lfndokok }fcomow ndok

}f}okjjo+

1? Lfrfmfcokook Ld}o wfiv afrdlow lfrfmfcokook womo rf}dow

eoro+

11 Afmdrdwidk Ld}o efr}d afmdrdwidk womo rf}dow eoro+

12 Rfeokjo} wo}dh}dl Ld}o wfiv bdk}o olok kfjoo mok afrtvlv

lfoko kfjoo ld}o oeok moeod+

Ld}o cfkmolioc afmdd }fjol lf}dlo

efktoktdlok iojv Kfjoqolv+

1= Afokd Ld}o wfiv afrdlow afokd efkjcomowd

boaook( eoroioc+

16

Efeo}vcd wfo}vok Ld}o efr}d efeo}vcd wfo}vok womo rf}dow


48/87

=3

eoro+

10 Aflfnoroeo Ld}o wfiv rfk}doro aflfnoroeo efiolvlok

rfrvo}v lfno+

Ol}dpd}d 2

Efkto}olok kdiod evqkd afqmoroqlok wfkto}ook

Md moioe ol}dpd}d 2) roto }fioc efktfmdolok io}dcok af}vidr tokj wfiv mdnozoa hifc

roewfi+ Roewfi mdlfcfkmold efkto}olok kdiod evkd afmorolok oto} tookj }fioc

mdrfmdolok hifc roto+ Mdmowo}d lfaoktolok roewfi londok roto }fioc afnoto

efktfkoodlok kdiod%kdiod evkd afmorolok oto}%oto} tokj roto rfmdolok md moioe

ifeaook lfno+ Roto }fioc efkjjvkolok wfkbowodok roewfi md moioe ol}dpd}d 2 dkd

vk}vl efidco} cordi mowo}ok }dkmolok 1+

Bhk}hc io}dcok ?

Adi Wfkto}ook Kdiod evqkd

? Rf}dow cod Oid efeaorvc rfkmdd wolodok

rflhiockto+1 Rf}fioc }domo lff}o tokj ioiv aovioc Oav

efidk}or noiok oto+

2 Eoeo} efkjvbowlok }fdeo lordc lfwomo

wfevmo tokj efkhihkjkto+

= Roeom efktfoclok mhewf} tokj mdnvewod md

}fwd noiok lfwomo jvvkto+

6 O~oco aokjvk }dmv rf}fioc noe ihbfkjkto

afavktd+

0 Lorde efkhihkj ndokkto tokj aov afwdkmoc

veoc+

: Rf}dow eoioe Qoeid efkjviokjlond wfionookkto

rfcdkjjo noe ??+77 eoioe+

3 ^vld afmdd }fjol lf}dlo efktoktdlok iojv

Kfjoqolv+

4 Oreoo }dmol efeoocd omdl ifioldkto tokj

rfiolv afrdlow koloi d}v+

?7 Rcoervmdk aflhkjrd afloiok mfkjok olokkto

tokj }fivwo efeaozo zokj lf rflhioc+


49/87

=4

Bhk}hc Rhoiok Vndok

Lfwv}vrok Vndok ]dkmolok 1

Afdlv} efvwolok lfwv}vrok wfkbowodok roewfi londok afmorolok vndok tokj

mdomolok md olcd }dkmolok 1+

Nomvoi 4> Lfwv}vrok Vndok ]dkmolok 1

Adi Roewfi Nozowok

Af}vi

Wfqo}vr


50/87

67

? ? ?0 37

1 1 ?= :7

2 2 ?0 37

= = 17 ?77

6 6 17 ?77

0 0 ?0 37

: : ?3 47

3 3 17 ?77

4 4 ?0 37

?7 ?7 17 ?77

?? ?? ?= :7

?1 ?1 17 ?77

?2 ?2 ?0 37

?= ?= 17 ?77

Eoqloc(Wvqo}o 1=0(137 3:+3


37

:7

37

?77 ?77

3747

?77

37

?77

:7

?77

37

?77

7

17

=7

07

37

?77

?17

R? R1 R2 R= R6 R0 R: R3 R4 R?7 R?? R?1 R?2 R?=


51/87

6?

Qonoc : > Wfkbowodok bfefiokj mok aodl

Lfwv}vrok vndok }dkmolok 1 efkvknvllok aocozo }fmowo} rfoeod mvo afior roewfi

#36+:&$ }fioc afnoto efkbowod }ocow wfkbowodok bfefiokj eokoloio mvo iojd

roewfi #?=+2&$ efkbowod }ocow aodl+ Rfoeod fkoe roewfi londok roto dod}v

roewfi =) roewfi 6) roewfi 3) roewfi ?7) roewfi ?1 mok roewfi ?= }fioc afnoto

efkmowo} eoloc rfo}vr wfo}vr+ Dkd efkvknvllok }ocow wfeocoeok efflo

}fcomow kdiod evkd }fioc afomo md }ocow tokj }faodl cordi }dkmolok tokj }fioc

mdiolvlok hifc roto+ Roewfi aflfkook mdmowo}d }fioc efeocoed cvodok }fk}okj

}fk}okj lhkrfw kdiod%kdiod evkd+ Roewfi 1 mok roewfi ?? wvio cokto afnoto

efkmowo} eordkj%eordkj }vnvc wvivc wfo}vr+ Roewfi dkd mdmowo}d eordc afive

mowo} efeocoed rfwfkvckto lhkrfw kdiod evkd owoadio mdrhoi hifc roto+ Roto olok

}fvr efknoioklok vroco%vroco rf}fvrkto vk}vl efeor}dlok mvo roewfi dkd mowo}

efkjvorod lfeocdok dkd+

Wvo}o lfrfivvcok eoloc tokj afnoto mdbowod aojd vndok }dkmolok 1 omoioc

3:+3 wfo}vr+ Wvo}o dkd efvwolok wfkdkjlo}ok rfaoktol ?2+4 wfo}vr afaokmdkj

vndok }dkmolok ? tokj mdomolok rfafive dkd+ Wfkdkjlo}ok dkd efeavl}dlok aocozo

wfkjjvkook ]EL moioe wfkjonook mok wfeafionook roto }fioc afnoto+ Roewfi

lfidco}ok aforo ifadc rfhkhl lf}dlo rfrd wfkjonook mdiolrokolook+ Mowo}ok vndok

}dkmolok 1 dkd efeavl}dlok aocozo lofmoc wfkjonook efkjjvkolok ]EL omoioc

lofmoc tokj woidkj aflfrok vk}vl efeaok}v efkdkjlo}lok lfeocdok evdm%

evdm vk}vl efkjfrok mok efkvidr viorok kdiod%kdiod evkd+

?1

1

WFKBOWODOK

BFEFQIOKJ

AODL


52/87

61

]dkmolok 2Lfqow Nokjok ]ol Lfqow

Ol}dpd}d dkd efidao}lok io}dc }vad efkvidr kdiod evkd mok }fioc mdiolrokolok womo 14Nviod 17?1 cdkjjo ?1 Hjhr 17?1+ ]flkdl dkd }fioc mdnoioklok rfioeo }vnvc rfrd

rfwoknokj }fewhc mvo edkjjv mok mdiolrokolok rfifwor zol}v rflhioc+Efioivd

}dkmolok lf}djo dkd) roto }fioc efktfmdolok afafowo rf} rhoiok tokj aflod}ok

mfkjokio}dcok efkvidr viorok+ ]fmowo} }djo iokjloc moioe }dkmolok 2 dkd+

Moioe iokjloc wf}oeo) roewfi mdedk}o efeaobo afafowo bhk}hc viorok

tokj }fioc rdow+ Rfaoktol ideo rf} bhk}hc nozowok }fioc mdrfmdolok vk}vl mdaobo

hifc roewfi+ Moioe iokjloc lfmvo wvio) roewfi mdmfmoclok mfkjok }flkdl

efkjjodr oto}%oto} tokj efewvktod kdiod evkd) efkjfkoiwor}d kdiod evkd mok

rf}fvrkto efkbo}o} ideo kdiod evkd md }fwd wf}dlok+ Roto efkjjvkolok }djo rfrd

wfkjonook vk}vl efio}dc roewfi rvwoto efknomd eocd efkjfrok kdiod evkd tokj

}fmowo} md moioe wf}dlok tokj mdaobo+Olcd rfloid) moioe iokjloc lf}djo aovioc

roewfi mdadeadkj vk}vl efkvidr viorok afmorolok kdiod%kdiod evkd tokj }fioc

efflo rfkoodlok md moioe iokjloc lfmvo }omd+ Roewfi mdadeadkj iokjloc mfed

iokjloc efkvidr viorok rfcdkjjoioc rfifrod+ Rfiodk d}v roewfi nvjo mdio}dc efkvidrviorok afwokmvlok oto} tokj }dmol ifkjlow+ Vk}vl }vnvok wfkjvlvcok) roto fioc

efktfmdolok }vnvc rf} wf}dlok tokj afaf~o vk}vl efeahifclok roewfi efeavo}

io}dcok ioknv}ok aojd }vnvok wfkfjvcok lfeocdok efkvidr viorok+


53/87


54/87

6=


Afmorolok mo}o md moioe nomvoi 4 mok onoc 3 md o}or) mdmowo}d eoloc wvo}o tokj

afnoto mdbowod hifc roewfi londok cokto 0:+6 wfo}vr rocono+ Wfkbowodok roewfi

moioe vndok }dkmolok 2 mdmowo}d efhrh}+ Dkd omoioc lfoko roewfi mdlfcfkmold

efkvidr rfkmdd viorok afmorolok wf}dlok tokj mdrfmdolok+ Rfoeod mvo afior

roewfi mdmowo}d }dmol mowo} efktfkoodlok ideo kdiod evkd tokj }fmowo} md moioe

wf}dlok+ Koevk afjd}v) roewfi 6 mok roewfi ?= tokj eordkj%eordkj efkmowo}

eoloc 37 wfo}vr mdmowo}d ahifc efkvidr viorok mfkjok aodl+

Cordi mowo}ok modwomo vndok }dkmolok 2 dkd efkvknvllok aocozo lfaoktolok

roewfi eordc afive mowo} efkjvorod rfwfkvckto lfeocdok efkjfrok mok efkvidr

viorok kdiod%kdiod evkd+ Rfaojod bhk}hckto roewfi 0 cokto afnoto efktfkoodlok

}djo kdiod evkd rocono lf}dlo vndok }dkmolok 2 dkd mdnoioklok+ Iodk%iodk kdiod evkd

tokj mdkto}olok hifc roewfi 0 mdmowo}d }dmol af}vi+ Roewfi 0 wfiv mdadeadkj

mfkjok ifadc jdo} iojd vk}vl efeahifclokkto efkjfrok kdiod evkd tokj }fwo}

rfifwor dkd+ Md roewdkj d}v nvjo roto mowo}d roewfi 0 lfow }dmol eorvl lf lfior

londok roto+ Rfiodk d}v) roewfi 0 nvjo omo afafowo loid }dmol efktdowlok io}dcok

tokj mdafdlok hifc roto+ Rd}vord dkd afaf~o ndlo mdaokmdkjlok mfkjok rfeokjo}

tokj md}vknvllok hifc roewfi =) roewfi 6) roewfi 4) roewfi ?1 )roewfi ?2 mok

0607

06

:6

37

6607

06:7

0706

:6 :7

37

7

?7

17

27

=7

67

07

:7

37

47

R? R1 R2 R= R6 R0 R: R3 R4 R?7 R?? R?1 R?2 R?=


55/87

66

roewfi ?=+ Lffkoe%fkoe roewfi dkd }fioc efkvknvllok edko} tokj }dkjjd lf}dlo

mdrvvc efeavo} io}dcok tokj roto afdlok+ Rfaoa d}vioc fkoe roewfi dkd }fioc

afnoto efkbowod eoloc tokj }dkjjd mok coewd }dkjjd lf}dlo rfrd ]dkmolok 2 dkd

mvnoioklo+ Hifc tokj mfedldok) roto olok }fvr efknoioklok vroco%vroco vk}vl

efeor}dlok roewfi londok tokj ifeoc dkd mowo} }fvr mdadeadkj vk}vl efkdkjlo}lok

wfkbowodok efflo+

Lofmoc Wfkjvewviok Mo}o

Lofmoc Wfefqco}dok

Lofmoc wfefco}dok efvwolok ro}v lofmoc wfktfidmdlok tokj mdjvkolok vk}vl

efkjvlv wfeahifc vaoc wfktfidmdlok+ Wfefco}dok nvjo efvwolok oi}fko}d` tokj

omo moioe efkjvewvi eoliveo} o}ov wfkjvewviok mo}o rfiodk rhoi rfidmdl mok

}fevmvjo+ Efioivd wfefco}dok) wfktfidmdl mowo} efkjoeo}d rfrvo}v }dkjloc iolv

rvanfl afwokmvlok wfeahifc vaoc%wfeahifc vaoc tokj }fioc mdlfkoi wor}d+

Wfokok wfktfidmdl doioc rfaojod wfefco}d }fcomow wfvaocok%wfvaocok }dkjloc

iolv) efkmfkjo) rf}o efidco} }dkjloc iolv rvanfl roeo omo mod novc o}ov mod

mflo}+ Efkjjvkolok lofmoc dkd) wfktfidmdl o}ov wfefco}d wfiv efefco}d roewfi%

roewfikto moioe }fewhc eoro tokj }fk}fk}v+

Lofmoc wfefco}dok rfrvod mdjvkolok lcvrvrkto owoadio wfktfidmdl efkjlond

wflfeaokjok }dkjloc iolv rfrvo}v vkd} rhrdoi) edroikto efkjlond wflfeaokjok

}dkjloc iolv lokol%lokol) lfrok lfrfrolok }fcomow lfbfkmfvkjok wfeafhk}olok)

lfrok lfadrdkjok }fcomow }dkjloc iolv ojfrd` mok lfadeaokjok md loiokjok

dkmdpdmv tokj efkjcomdd }fevmvjo+ Lofmoc wfefco}dok nvjo rfdkj mdjvkolok

moioe wfktfidook wol}dlve lovkrfidkj mok io}dcok efkjono md loiokjok lovkrfih

mok jvv wfio}dc+ Rfafive efeavo} wfefco}dok) wfktfidmdl wfiv efeavo}

wfokbokjok tokj aodl mok }fid}d+ Rf}dow wfefco}dok efr}dioc efewvktod }vnvok

}f}fk}v) mdiolvlok rfboo rdr}feo}dl) efewvktod `hlvr) mok efr}dioc mdbo}o}lok

rfboo owd mok af}vi+ Bo}o}ok tokj mdavo} efr}dioc }fwo}) roc) mok ahifc mdwfbotod+


56/87

60

]fev avoi

]fev avoi omoioc iojd ro}v lofmoc wfkjvewviok mo}o tokj mdjvkolok moioe

wfktfidmdlok lvoid}o}d` }feorvl wfktfidmdlok }dkmolok+ Aojodeoko wvk) wfiv

md}fjorlok aocozo }flkdl }fev avoi nvjo mdjvkolok moioe wfkjv}dwok mo}o moioe

wfktfidmdlok lvok}d}o}d`+ Bhk}hckto) jvv efkfev avoi evdm%evdm tokj mdmowo}d

lfow }dmol efktdowlok lfno veoc tokj mdafd+ ]flkdl }fev avoi ahifc mdnoioklok

md moioe adidl monoc+ ]fev avoi efidao}lok wfavoiok ok}oo wfktfidmdl mfkjok

jvv o}ov evdm aojd }vnvok efkmowo}lok eoliveo} tokj fifpok mfkjok londok+

Moioe wfktfidmdlok }dkmolok jvv rfiolv wfktfidmdl) olok efkfev avoi evdm

}fk}okj rdlow) edko}) wforook) lhkrfwrd) wfkjf}ocvok) wfkmowo} o}ov wfeocoeok

efflo }fk}okj wfkjonook tokj mdioivd+ Jvv evkjldk efkfev avoi efflo

rfafive) rfeoro o}ov md olcd wfkjonook o}ov eoko%eoko lheadkord tokj mdmowo}d

rfrvod+

Efioivd }fev avoi) mo}o tokj mdwfhifc modwomo wfefco}dok mowo}

mdwflvlvc mok mdwfifkjlowlok+ Dkd mdeolrvmlok rfaojod }qdokjviord tokj

af}vnvok vk}vl efkjfroc mo}o o}ov eoliveo} tokj mdwfhifc+

Mo}o%mo}o tokj mdlvewvilok md moioe londok }dkmolok dkd omoioc

afmorolok eoloc%eoloc tokj mdmowo}d md moioe afafowo rdd vndok tokj

mdnoioklok hifc roto efioivd vndok mdojkhr}dl) vndok wo mok vndok whr+ Mo}o%mo}o

tokj mdmowo}d dkd mdokoidrdr mod rf}dow orwfl vk}vl efkjfrok rfaookj wfkdkjlo}ok

wfkbowodok roewfi tokj mdnomdlok aocok londok dkd+ Mo}o%mo}o tokj mdmowo}d md

moioe vndok aflfkook olok mdavo} wfaokmdkjok afmorolok okjlo%okjlo mfkjok

wfr}ord rfafko roewfi+

Mo}o tokj afnoto roto lvewvilok d}v mdwfrfeaoclok moioe afk}vl

nomvoi mok onoc+ Afmorolok mo}o%mo}o tokj afnoto mdlvewvilok d}v roto efeavo}

okoidrdr rfboo }fwfdkbd aojd rf}dow roewfi tokj efknomd aocok londok roto+ Mo}o%

mo}o tokj mdokoidrdr d}v ahifc mdnomdlok vlvok omoloc }dkmolok tokj roto iolvlok

}fcomow roewfi d}v afnoto o}ov rfaoidlkto+

Vndok Mdojkhr}dl


57/87


58/87

63

Qonoc 4 > Wfaokmdkjok wfkbowodok vndok }dkmolok

Qonoc ?7 > Wvo}o eoloc vndok }dkmolok

Qonoc 4 mok onoc ?7 efkvknvllok mo}o%mo}o tokj mdlvewvi modwomo lfwv}vrok

Vndok ]dkmolok ?) Vndok ]dkmolok 1 mok Vndok ]dkmolok 2+ Mdmowo}d rfevo roewfi

}fioc efkjoioed wfkdkjlo}ok md moioe vndok tokj roto noioklok d}v+ Moioe Vndok

]dkmolok ?) roto mowo}d rfevo roewfi }fioc efkjoioed wfkdkjlo}ok wfkbowodok md

eoko }domo iojd roewfi tokj afomo md }ocow wfkbowodok ifeoc rfaojodeoko lf}dlo

efkmvmvld vndok mdojkhr}dl mocviv+ Lf}dlo Vndok ]dkmolok ? mdomolok) eoloc

wvo}o tokj afnoto mdbowod hifc roewfi londok roto doioc :2+4 wfo}vr+Rfevo roewfi

}fioc afomo wfkbowodok efevorlok+ Eoloc%eoloc tokj mdwfhifcd hifc efflo

7

17

=7

07

37

?77

?17

]dkmolok ?

]dkmolok 1

]dkmolok 2

:2+4

3:+3

0:+6

:0+=

7

17

=7

07

37

?77

]DKMOLOK ? ]DKMOLOK 1 ]DKMOLOK 2 WVQO]O


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64

omoioc md ok}oo fkoe cdkjjo rfwvivc + Wfkdkjlo}ok dkd rvkjjvc efeaokjjolok

roto lfoko roto mowo}d woo roewfi }fioc evio efkjdkjo}d kdiod%kdiod evkd tokj

rfwo}v}kto mdcoòi hifc rf}dow evdm rflhioc fkmoc+ Afmorolok wfefdlrook lf}or

nozowok vndok }dkmolok ?) roto mowo}d lfaoktolok roewfi ahifc efktfkoodlok md

ok}oo mvo wvivc ideo cdkjjo }djo wvivc mvo kdiod evkd tokj wfiv md}vidrlok womo

lf}or nozowok+ Hifc tokj mfedldok) roto olok efkfvrlok r}o}fjd vk}vl

efeor}dlok roewfi efkjcoòi kdiod%kdiod evkd rfwfkvckto+

Lf}dlo vndok }dkmolok 1 mdnoioklok) mdmowo}d }fioc afiolv wfkdkjlo}ok

}fcomow wfkbowodok+ Mdmowo}d oeod roewfi }fioc mowo} efktfkoodlok kdiod%kdiod

evkd mfkjok }fwo} afmorolok wfkto}ook tokj mdafd lfwomo efflo+ Wfkdkjlo}ok

wfkbowodok dkd lfevkjldkok mdrfaoalok hifc wfkjonook efkjjvkolok ]EL tokj

}fioc mdjvkolok hifc roto+ Wfkjjvkook ]EL md moioe wfkjonook }fioc

efktfaoalok roewfi ifadc efeocoed drd wfionook tokj roto roewodlok+ Wvo}o

wfkbowodok lfrfivvcok roewfi lf}dlo vndok }dkmolok 1 mdnoioklok omoioc 3:+3

wfo}vr+ Wfo}vrok dkd efvwolok ro}v wfkbowodok }f}dkjjd md ok}oo }djo }dkmolok

tokj }fioc mdnoioklok+

Koevk afjd}v) lf}dlo vndok }dkmolok 2 mdnoioklok) roto mowo}d wvo}o

wfo}vrok roewfi }fioc efhrh} lfwomo 0:+6 wfo}vr+ Lfefhrh}ok dkd afiolv

mdrfaoalok roto }fioc efkjjjvkolok lofmoc io}dc }vad+ Roto }fioc efktfmdolok

afafowo rf} wf}dlok tokj wfiv mdnozoa rfkmdd hifc roewfi }okwo rfaookj

adeadkjok iojd+ ]vnvok roto doioc rvwoto roewfi mowo} efeadorolok mdd efkvidr

viorok rfaojod wfrfmdook efkjcomowd wfwfdlrook VWRQ kok}d+

Wfo}vr wfkbowodok eoloc lfrfivvcok roewfi aojd lf}djo%}djo vndok doioc :0+=

wfo}vr+ Wfkbowodok dkd efkvknvllok aocozo hanfl}d` wf}oeo roto dod}v

efkdkjlo}lok lfeocdok evdm efkjdkjo} kdiod%kdiod evkd md loiokjok evdm }ocvk

fkoe }fioc afnoto mdbowod+ Koevk afjd}v roto eordc wfiv efkjjdo}lok vroco%

vroco iodk vk}vl efeor}dlok roewfi londok roto afko%afko efkjvorod lfeocdok

efkjdkjo}) efkjfrok mok efkvidr viorok kdiod evkd+ Roto wfiv efedk}o roewfi

efkjcoòi rfevio rfkood kdiod evkd tokj wfiv mddkjo} hifc rf}dow evdm md rflhioc

fkmoc lcorkto vk}vl evdm }ocow mvo+ Roto afwfkmowo} rfiojd rfkood kdiod evkd


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07

jojoi mddkjo} rfwfkvckto) rfiojd d}vioc evdm%evdm jojoi efknozoa mfkjok

bfefiokj rhoiok aocojdok B dkd+

Vndok Whr

Vndok whr }fioc mdnoioklok hifc roto womo ?0 Hjhr 17?1+ Vndok whr

efvwolok vndok olcd vk}vl efkdiod wfkbowodok olcd roewfi londok roto+

Lfwv}vrok vndok whr dkd olok mdjvkolok hifc roto vk}vl efkdiod lfaflfrokok

lofmoc wfkjonook tokj mdjvkolok hifc roto lf}dlo efknoioklok wfktfidmdlok

}dkmolok dkd+ Lfrfevo roewfi }fioc mdvnd efkjjvkolok wf}dlok rhoiok aocojdok B

tokj mdrfmdolok hifc roto+ Woo roewfi }fioc mdordkjlok modwomo evdm%evdm iodk

vk}vl efkjfiollok rfaookj jokjjvok lf}dlo efflo efknozoa rhoiok vndok whr

dkd+ Roto efedk}o woo roewfi efknozoa rhoiok rfaodl evkjldk vk}vl

efeahifclok efflo efkmowo} eoloc tokj rf}dkjjd evkjldk+ Md moioe vndok dkd

mdmowo}d roewfi }fioc afvroco efknozoa rhoiok tokj mdafdlok mfkjok wfkvc }fid}d+

Roto rvkjjvc afwvorco}d mfkjok lfnoroeo tokj mdafdlok hifc woo roewfi+

Joeaoq => Roewfi rfmokj efknoiokd vndok whr+

Nomvoi ?1> Eoloc mok wfo}vr wfkbowodok vndok whr

ADI ROEWFI EOQLOC WFQO]VR JQFM

? R? ?1 07 A

1 R1 ?= :7 A

2 R2 ?= :7 A

= R= ?0 37 O

6 R6 ?0 37 O

0 R0 ?1 07 A

: R: ?? 66 B3 R3 ?2 06 A


61/87

0?

4 R4 ?2 06 A

?7 R?7 ?2 06 A

?? R?? ?= :7 A

?1 R?1 ?0 37 O

?2 R?2 ?2 06 A

?= R?= ?0 37 O

WVQO]O WFKBOWODOKLFRFIVQVCOK

03+4&

Qonoc ?? > Wfo}vr wfkbowodok roewfi moioe vndok whr

Qonoc ?? md o}or efkvknvllok eoloc wfkbowodok roewfi moioe vndok whr tokj

mdnoioklok mdnoioklok hifc roto vk}vl efidco} wfkbowodok olcd roewfi rf}fioc }djo

nfkdr }dkmolok rfifrod mdnoioklok+ Afmorolok lfwv}vrok vndok whr mdmowo}d wfo}vrok

lfrfivvcok eoloc wfkbowodok roewfi omoioc 03+4 wfo}vr+ Wvo}o eoloc aojd

vndok whr mdmowo}d }fioc efkdkjlo} afaokmdkj Vndok ]dkmolok 2 }f}owd ifadc fkmoc

afaokmdkj Vndok ]dkmolok 1+ Lf}dlo vndok whr mdnoioklok) roto efkjjvkolok rhoiok

wfbvaook Vndok Wfkbowodok Rflhioc Qfkmoc 17?1+

Rfoeod fewo} roewfi dod}v roewfi =) roewfi 6) roewfi ?1 mok roewfi ?=

}fioc afnoto efkmowo} eoloc 37 wfo}vr+ Lffewo}%fewo} roewfi dkd mdmowo}d }fioc

afnoto efktfkoodlok ideo kdiod evkd tokj }fmowo} md moioe wf}dlok+ Efflo

nvjo ahifc efkvidr viorok mfkjok bfefiokj+

Roewfi 1) roewfi 2 mok roewfi ?? wvio afnoto efkmowo} eoloc :7 wfo}vr+

Lf}djo%}djo roewfi dkd cokto afnoto efktfkoodlok fewo} kdiod evkd tokj mdmowo}d

md moioe wf}dlok+ Oto}%oto} tokj mdadko wvio moioe }ocow wfkbowodok aodl+

07 :7:7

3737

07 6606

0606

:7

37

06

37

7

?7

17

27

=7

67

07

:7

37

47

R? R1 R2 R= R6 R0 R: R3 R4 R?7 R?? R?1 R?2 R?=


62/87

01

]fmowo} nvjo roewfi tokj efkmowo} eoloc md ok}oo 07 cdkjjo 06 wfo}vr+

Roewfi%roewfi aflfkook doioc roewfi ?) roewfi 0) roewfi 3) roewfi 4) roewfi ?7

mok roewfi ?2+ Roto mowo}d roewfi%roewfi aflfkook afnoto efktfkoodlok kdiod

evkd }f}owd viorok tokj md}vidr lvokj }fwo} mfkjok wfloo tokj }fmowo} md moioe

wf}dlok+ Hifc tokj mfedldok efflo jojoi efkmowo} eoloc tokj }dkjjd+ Eokoloio

roewfi : wvio efewvktod eoroioc }dmol mowo} efkjfrok kdiod evkd+ Mdo cokto

mowo} efktfkood mvo kdiod evkd rocono lf}dlo efkvidr viorok+ Kdiod%kdiod evkd iodk

tokj mdafd mdmowo}d lvokj }fwo}+ Roewfi dkd nvjo mdmowo}d eordc }dmol mowo} dkjo}

rfwfkvckto =7 kdiod evkd tokj }fmowo} mdmoioe bo}o kdiod evkd+

Okoidro Wfaokmdkjok Wfkbowodok Vndok Whr mok Vndok Wo

Nomvoi ?2> Wfaokmdkjok eoloc vndok wo mok vndok whr

ADI ROEWFI VNDOK WQO VNDOK WHR WFKDKJLO]OK

WFKBOWODOK

EOQLOCEOQLOC & EOQLOC &

? R? 3 =7 ?: 36 =6

1 R1 4 =6 ?: 36 =7

2 R2 : 26 ?0 37 =6

= R= 3 =7 ?0 37 =7

6 R6 4 =6 ?6 :6 27

0 R0 : 26 ?: 36 67: R: = 17 ?6 :6 66

3 R3 : 26 ?: 36 67

4 R4 3 =7 ?2 06 16

?7 R?7 : 26 ?0 :6 67

?? R?? 0 27 ?= :7 =7

?1 R?1 3 =7 ?6 :6 26

?2 R?2 0 27 ?: 36 66

?= R?= ?7 67 ?0 37 27

NVEIOC EOQLOC ?7= 11? ??:


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0=

Qonoc ?2> Wfaokmdkjok eoloc vndok wo mok vndok whr

Londok tokj roto noioklok dkd efkvknvllok wfkdkjlo}ok tokj

efeafokjrokjlok+ Cordi mod rfjd wfiolrokook tokj }fioc roto noioklok mdmowo}d

roewfi }fioc efkjvorod lfeocdok efkjfrok kdiod evkd md moioe }flr tokj mdaobo

mfkjok aodl+ Avl}dkto) wfkbowodok roewfi moioe vndok whr nvjo efkvknvllokwfkdkjlo}ok tokj oeo} lf}oo+

Afmorolok lf}djo%}djo r}qo}fjd tokj mvnoioklok) r}qo}fjd Eoqd Co`oi Kdiod

Evqkd }fioc mdlvorod hifc roewfi + Coi dkd lfoko) ol}dpd}d lvewviok tokj

mdnoioklok mowo} efkodl edko} roewfi vk}vl efiolrokolok ol}dpd}d mfkjok

afrvkjjvc%rvkjjvc+ ]oeaocok wvio ol}dpd}d dkd mdiolvlok mfkjok wfiolrokook

joknook md eoko roto efeafdlok comdoc lfwomo roewfi tokj woidkj aoktol mowo}

efktfkoodlok kdiod%kdiod evkd moioe }fewhc tokj md}f}owlok+

Wfaokmdkjok Lfrfrvodok Lofmoc Wfkjonook

=7

=6

26

=7

=6

26

17

26

=7

26

27

=7

27

67

36 36

37 37

:6

36

:6

36

06

37

:7

:6

36

37

7

?7

17

27

=7

67

07

:7

37

47

R? R1 R2 R= R6 R0 R: R3 R4 R?7 R?? R?1 R?2 R?=


65/87


66/87


67/87

0:

Wfiolrokook }dkmolok tokj lfmvo dod}v @ocoe Lhkrfw Okmo HL }fioc

efeafd lfòcoeok tokj ifadc lfwomo roewfi lfoko roewfi }fioc ahifc

efkjod}lok oto} mfkjok kdiod%kdiod evkd tokj }fmowo} md moioe oto}+ Lofmoc tokj

mdnoioklok hifc roto efkjjvkolok ]EL mdmowo}d }fioc efktfaoaloa roewfi londok

evmoc òcoe }fk}okj lhkrfw kdiod evkd afaokmdkj boo adoro tokj mdjvkolok hifc

jvv+ Hifc d}v woo wfkmdmdl wfiv efkjjvkolok DB] vk}vl efeaok}v efflo

efkjono mfkjok ifadc aflfrok mok mdrvlod hifc evdm+

Lfqow Nokjok ]ol Lfqow tokj efvwolok }dkmolok lf}djo roto afafk}vl

io}dc }vad }fokbokj wvio mdmowo}d }fioc efeafd wfivokj lfwomo roewfi }fk}okj

}flkdl tokj af}vi efkvidr viorok ifkjlow+ Efioivd lofmoc dkd) roewfi }fioc mdio}dc

efeaobo mocviv wf}dlok rfcdkjjo òcoe) efkjjodr oto} tokj efewvktod lod}ok

mfkjok kdiod evkd) efktfkood ideo kdiod evkd mok rf}fvrkto aovioc evio

efkvidr viorok ifkjlow moioe ro}v wffkjjok+ Roewfi tokj mdio}dc efkjjvkolok

afafowo rf} bhk}hc wf}dlok aflod}ok kdiod%kdiod evkd mdmowo}d rfeoldk eocd

efkvidr viorok owoadio io}dcok mdafd lfwomo efflo+ Hifc d}v woo jvv wfiv

efkjjvkolok lofmoc io}dc }vad vk}vl efeocdlok evdm%evdm efiolvlok rfrvo}v+

Bomokjok Wfkoeaocaodlok

Bomokjok tokj roto noioklok }fioc afnoto mdiolrokolok mok rf}dow }dkmolok tokj

mdjvkolok }fioc efeaok}v roewfi vk}vl efkokjokd eoroioc efkjfrok kdiod evkd

md moioe wf}dlok mok efkvidr viorok+Koevk mfedldok) }fmowo} bomokjok

wfkoeaocaodlok tokj ahifc mdiolvlok hifc wfkjlond rf}fvrkto aflod}ok mfkjok

eoroioc wfeadkook oto} afmorolok joeao dkd+

Ehmfi tokj roto jvkolok rfzol}v efknoioklok londok dkd doioc Ehmfi

Londok Lfeedr Eb ]ojjom #?433$+ Roto mowo}d wfkjjvkook ro}v jfivkj londok

rocono }fioc efeomod vk}vl efkdkjlo}lok lfvwotook roewfi moioe efkjfrok mok

efkvidr viorok kdiod evkd+Koevk mfedldok) wfkjlond ahifc efkfvrlok londok

efflo mfkjok efkjoeadi }dkmolok rvrviok dod}v jfivkjok lfmvo ndlo mowo}ok tokj

mdwfhifcd }dmol efevorlok o}ov }dmol afnoto+


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04

wfkjlond ahifc efedldlok iodk%iodk lofmoc tokj efkodl mok ifadc aflfrok vk}vl

efeor}dlok roewfi efkdkjlo} mod rfjd wfkbowodokkto+

Olcd rfloid roto dkjdk efkjfrthlok ojo admokj londok dkd mdwfivorlok

iojd lfwomo iodk%iodk orwfl tokj efidao}lok lfifeocok moioe eo}o wfionook Aocoro

Efiotv rfwf}d eoroioc }vidrok chmhc) wfkjjvkook }okmo aobo) efeadko oto}

eonevl) efkvidr lookjok af`heo} mok }dmol af`heo}) lfiokbook aobook mok

wfafkmocoook lo}o+ Londok dkd covr mdiolvlok vk}vl efkjfiollok eoroioc tokj

mdcomowd hifc evdm af}fvrok mok rf}fvrkto efknfnorlok wfkbowodok efflo md

moioe rfaookj vndok tokj aoloi mdomolok+

Lfrdewviokkto) londok }dkmolok covr mdiolvlok hifc rfevo wfkjlond tokj

dkjdk efkfvrlok londok dkd womo eoro olok mo}okj aojd efeor}dlok }fafk}vl ifadc

aoktol dkhpord vk}vl efkdkjlo}lok wfkbowodok moioe Wfkvidrok Aocoro Efiotv

VWRQ lfiol+ Rfaojod rfhokj jvv lcorkto tokj }fioc wfkoc efknoioklok londok

}dkmolok rfvewoeo dkd) omoioc mdcoowlok ojo mowo} efkfvrlokkto md rflhioc

eordkj%eordkj vk}vl efktfifrodlok eoroioc tokj mdcomowd hifc evdm%evdm md

rflhioc eordkj%eordkj+

QVNVLOK

Oamviioc Corrok+ #1770$+ Ehq`hihjd>Rdqd Wfkjonoqok mok Wfeafionoqok Aocoro

Efiotv+ Wf}oidkj Noto>Wfkfad} @ono Aol}d+

Oam+ Qocde Oam Qorcdm #177?$+ Kdiod%kdiod Evqkd Moioe Wfkmdmdlok >Efkjcomowd

Wfqvaocok mok Boaoqok Oio` Aoqv+ Lvoio Ivewv > V}vrok Wvaidbo}dhkr

Mdr}dav}hr Rmk+ Acm+

Oeo} Nvcod Ehodk #17?7$+ Wfkjjvaoiok Dr}dioc Diedoc moioe Aocoro Efiotv+ Lvoio

Ivewv > Mfzok Aocoro mok Wvr}olo+

O~eok Zok Bcdl#?436$+ Efkjono Aocoro Eoiotrdo Ndidm 1> Io}dcok Jvv Mok

Aocok+ Lvoio Ivewv > Mfzok Aocoro Mok Wvr}olo


70/87


71/87

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Rveaf Dk}fkf}>

c}}w>((zzz+dwai+fmv+et(AE(wfktfidmdlok(rfedkowowfr(1772(oaoceokE

WL]ll+wm`+#Mdolrfr womo ?6 Owdi 17?1$

c}}w>((zzz+`w+v}e+et(fWvro}Rveaf(wm` odi(w}ljcm`zW(EHCMOI@OD^OIOW

7?7172M1770]]W+wm`+

#Mdolrfr womo 27 Owdi 17?1$

c}}w>((ronoko+}dwhm+bhe(kdiod2+c}ei+#Mdolrfr womo 6 Efd 17?1$

c}}w>((o~oco32+aihjrwh}+bhe(17?7(73(`heo}%iowhok%londok%}dkmolok%

}fldkd+c}ei#mdolrfr womo ?6 Khpfeaf 17?1$

c}}w>((fwdk}r+v}e+et(??0??(?(LfrfmdookXJvvXWhjoeXWfkjdno~ocokXWfj

vvok+wm`#Mdolrfr womo 1 Nviod 17?1$

c}}w>((rcocokkoc+zhmwfrr+bhe(17?7(71(1:(}flkdl%efknozoa%wfkvidrok%

aocojdok%b(#Mdolrfr womo ?7 Nviod 17?1$

c}}w>((zzzdqoqo`fo%rd}dkv~viodlco~vild`id+aihjrwh}+bhe(

#Mdolrfr womo 2 Hjhr 17?1$

c}}w>((~oko~odkoi21+aihjrwh}+bhe(17?1(7=(boo%efkvidr%kdiod%evkd%

wfkjonook+c}ei#Mdolrfr womo ?2 Hjhr 17?1$

c}}w>((alff00+aihjrwh}+bhe(17?1(??(}flkdl%orrmoebvr%efeaok}v%efkdkjlo}lok+c}ei+#Mdolrfr womo ?= Nvk 17?1$
http://www.ipbl.edu.my/BM/penyelidikan/seminarpapers/2003/abrahmanMPKTkk.pdfhttp://www.ipbl.edu.my/BM/penyelidikan/seminarpapers/2003/abrahmanMPKTkk.pdfhttp://www.ipbl.edu.my/BM/penyelidikan/seminarpapers/2003/abrahmanMPKTkk.pdfhttp://www.fp.utm.my/ePusatSumber/pdffail/ptkghdfwP/MOHDALFAIZALAP010203D2006TTP.pdfhttp://www.fp.utm.my/ePusatSumber/pdffail/ptkghdfwP/MOHDALFAIZALAP010203D2006TTP.pdfhttp://www.fp.utm.my/ePusatSumber/pdffail/ptkghdfwP/MOHDALFAIZALAP010203D2006TTP.pdfhttp://sarjana.tripod.com/nilai3.htmlhttp://sarjana.tripod.com/nilai3.htmlhttp://azaha83.blogspot.com/2010/08/format-laporan-kajian-tindakan-terkini.htmlhttp://azaha83.blogspot.com/2010/08/format-laporan-kajian-tindakan-terkini.htmlhttp://azaha83.blogspot.com/2010/08/format-laporan-kajian-tindakan-terkini.htmlhttp://eprints.utm.my/11611/1/Kesediaan_Guru_Program_Pengijazahan_Perguruan.pdfhttp://eprints.utm.my/11611/1/Kesediaan_Guru_Program_Pengijazahan_Perguruan.pdfhttp://eprints.utm.my/11611/1/Kesediaan_Guru_Program_Pengijazahan_Perguruan.pdfhttp://shahannah.wordpress.com/2010/02/27/teknik-menjawab-penulisan-bahagian-c/http://shahannah.wordpress.com/2010/02/27/teknik-menjawab-penulisan-bahagian-c/http://shahannah.wordpress.com/2010/02/27/teknik-menjawab-penulisan-bahagian-c/http://wwwiqaqafera-sitinurzulaikhazulkifli.blogspot.com/http://wwwiqaqafera-sitinurzulaikhazulkifli.blogspot.com/http://zanazainal32.blogspot.com/2012/04/cara-menulis-nilai-murni-pengajaran.htmlhttp://zanazainal32.blogspot.com/2012/04/cara-menulis-nilai-murni-pengajaran.htmlhttp://zanazainal32.blogspot.com/2012/04/cara-menulis-nilai-murni-pengajaran.htmlhttp://bkree66.blogspot.com/2012/11/teknik-assdamcu

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