malaysia independence

8/3/2019 Malaysia Independence

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Malaysia

INDEPENDENCE 1957


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INTRODUCTION

The independence of Malaysia is different from that

of the independence of other countries. It was a

peaceful independence attained by holding talks

with the British. Thus on 31 August 1957, Malaysia

got its independence from the United Kingdom.

Why Malaysia independence.

The important of Malaysia Independence.

The Road to the independent.


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THE ROAD TO

INDEPENDENCE

British Malaya Japanese Occupation

Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra

Aj-Haj Independence

The Formation of Malaysia


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British Malaya

The British withdrew from competition with theDutch following the Ambon Massacre of 1623.

The Dutch (allied with the Sultan of Johor)gained control of Malacca from the Portuguesein 1641, but did little with it. The principal Dutchinterest was to direct trade to Batavia (Jakarta).

The British first gained a foothold in Malaya in1786 when the Sultan of Kedah granted theisland of Penang to the East India Company.


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Japanese Occupation After the Japanese Occupation the Malayan Union was proposed to

unify the peninsula under one central administration. Singapore

remained a Crown Colony, but the other British settlements and

protectorates came under the administration of a British High

Commissioner in Kuala Lumpur. The traditional power of the Malay

rulers was restricted, and the large immigrant populations, namely theChinese and the Indians, were accorded citizenship in the new

federation.

Malay opposition to the Malayan Union proposal was powerful, and the

Malayan Union was quickly replaced with the Federation of Malaya and

preparations for self-government began.

But the Malayan Union gave rise to the United Malays National

Organisation (UMNO), then led by Dato' Onn Jaafar, the Menteri Besar

of Johor. Dato' Onn resigned when his idea to open UMNO to non-Malay

participation was opposed by a majority of UMNO members.


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Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Aj-Haj

Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Aj-Haj became UMNO's second president.The Tunku was aristocratic, an anglophile and popular among the non-Malays. He was considered ideal for the stewardship of a new nation,and it was him who steered the people of Malaya and Borneo towardspresent-day Malaysia.

However, the road to independence was not without obstacles, thebiggest of which was certainly the uprise of the communists, mostlyfrom Chinese quarters. In 1948, a state of Emergency was declaredwhen communist rebels in Sungai Siput murdered three Europeanplanters. The communists declared an armed struggle to liberate Malayafrom the British and started the bloodiest British undeclared war thatshould last twelve years. Eventually the communists were beatenthrough a combination of aggressive jungle warfare, the cutting-off ofsupplies and the establishment of multi-racial co-operation between therespective race-based parties in Malaya. Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaya'sfirst Prime Minister, declared the Emergency over in 1960.


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Malaysia Independence


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Malay Union

In 1945, the British proposed the Malay Union. The union was to be composed of the nine Malay states

plus Malacca and Penang, but not Singapore.

The nine Malay Sultans would surrender sovereignty tothe union. Laws would no longer require theirratification.

There would be common citizenship for Malays, Chineseand Indians born in Malaya or who had been residentsfor ten years.

A massive protest movement led to the formationof the United Malay National Organization(UMNO).


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Federation of Malaya

The strong reaction to the Malay Union led to a new structure

in 1948, the Federation of Malaya.

Retrocession of sovereignty to the Malay states.

Integration of the states and Malacca and Penang (but not

Singapore) into the new federation.

Citizenship rights restricted to Malays, only.


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Independence Delayed.

The British were withdrawing from everythingeast of Suez. India and Burma had already beengranted independence. Malaya was to be next.

Chinese Communist insurgency began in 1948leading to a declared state of emergency thatlasted until 1960. The Chinese saw the newfederation as imperiling their legal status. TheChinese revolution provided the model ofinsurgency and guerrilla warfare.

The vehicle was the Malayan Communist Party(MCP).


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Independence 1957 Malaya granted

independence in 1957,although the emergency

last until 1960. Tunku Abdul Rahman was

the first P.M. He was anEnglish educated princefrom Kedah. He serveduntil 1970.

He sought to give specialattention to Malays tomakeup for past neglect.

Tunku Abdul Rahman


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Federation of Malaysia 1963

An enlarged Malaysia was formed in 1963 from

Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak and Sabah.

The British sponsored this arrangement to improve the

viability of the state. Singapore, Sarawak and Sabahwere all British dependencies.

Sarawak and Sabah would balance the largely Chinese

population of Singapore, thus not threatening the

bargain. Singapore remained part of the federation for only two

years.


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MALAYSIA - INDEPENDENCE

AND ONWARD: 1957 - PRESENT In September 1963, Malaysia was officially

established and the Tunku was declared "Bapa

Malaysia" or the Father of Malaysia. The

National Flag was raised for the first time in all13 states and two federal territories of the new

nation on 16 September 1963. In Kota Kinabalu,

then still Jesselton, Tun Fuad Stephens read the

Proclamation of Independence of Sabah throughMalaysia. He was to be Sabahs first Chief

Minister, and later he became Sabahs third Yang

di-Pertua Negri, or Head of State.


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MALAYSIA - INDEPENDENCE

AND ONWARD: 1957 - PRESENT 31 August 1957 is a glorious day in Malaysia that

no Malaysian forgets. History has been made, asthe benefit of the independence is been seen in

every life of every living Malaysian. The Malaysiaindependence gives way to Malaysia's flag whichis based on that of the United States, a countrywhose democratic ideals the young nationsought to emulate upon gaining independence

from Great Britain in 1957. The 14 stripesrepresent Malaysia's states, while the square inthe upper left contains the moon and sun ofIslam.


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CONCLUSION

The now MALAYSIA you see today, was as aresult to the THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE.

Malaysia was a colony of

Portugal, Netherlands andBritain.

Is a constitutional (elected)monarchy, composed of 13states.

Population of 24.4 Million;58% Malay, 26% Chinese &7% Indian.

All Malays are Muslim.

Is the site of the PetronaTowers and Tunku Abdul

Rahman College.


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Malaya became independent in 1957. It became Malaysia

in 1961 when it incorporated Sarawak, Sabah and

Singapore. Singapore seceded peacefully in 1965.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

REFERENCES

Nigeria Library for International History Studies

Malaysia Vol.42, No.1, pp.421-425.

Africa Encyclopedia for Foreign Studies, pp.8194.

History of Malaysia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Malaysia.


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The End

malaysia independence

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