laporan mekanika fluida h-05

8/10/2019 Laporan Mekanika Fluida H-05

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FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC EXPERIMENTAL REPORT

MODULE H-05

FLOW RATE MEASUREMENT

GROUP 22

Daniel Andia Wi!i"ana #$0%&$'0'%

John William Horasia 1306437082

Raihan Alisha Nabila 1306437126

Fikri Dwisatrio 1306437132

Sabrina Nrl Hi!a"ah 130643714#

Nam$ o% Assistant & Rs!i A%ar

Dat$ o% '()$rim$nt & No*$mb$r 1+ 2014

Dat$ o% A))ro*al &

S,or$ &

Assistant-s Si.natr$ &

LA(ORATORY OF HYDRAULIC) HYDROLOGY) AND RI*ER

CI*IL ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENT

ENGINEERING FACULTY

UNI*ERSITAS INDONESIA

DEPO+ 20#&


2/20

FLOW RATE MEASUREMENT

#, O!e./ie

D$monstratin. *arios t")$ o% basi, %low rat$ m$asr$m$nt-s workin. )rin,i)l$s thro.h,om)arison o% s$*$ral ,on%i.rations as w$ll as n!$rstan!in. th$ ,hara,t$risti,s o% basi,

%low rat$ m$asr$m$nt/

2, (a"i. T1e34

arios m$tho!s o% %li!-s %low rat$ m$asr$m$nt ha*$ b$$n !$*$lo)$! in a,,or!an,$

with th$ir s)$,i%i, )r)os$s/

$ntrim$t$r+ ori%i,$ )lat$+ an! )itot )i)$ ar$ s$*$ral $i)m$nt that ar$ tili$! to

m$asr$ th$ %low rat$ thro.h a )i)$/

D$ri*in. %rom th$ $rnoll"-s $n$r." $ation+ w$ ma" obtain&

For *$ntrim$t$r an! ori%i,$ )lat$&

Q=Cd A2[2 g (h1h2 )]

1/2[1(A2A1)2

]1 /2

Wh$r$&

5 %low rat$ thro.h )i)$

! 5 $m)iri,al %low rat$ ,o$%%i,i$nt obtain$! %rom obs$r*ation

A1 5 ,ross s$,tional ar$a o% )i)$-s o)$nin. inl$t

A2 5 ,ross s$,tional ar$a o% )i)$-s $n! otl$t

h1 5 )r$ssr$ h$a! m$asr$! %rom th$ manom$t$r o% th$ )i)$-s o)$nin. inl$t

h2 5 )r$ssr$ h$a! m$asr$s %rom th$ manom$t$r o% th$ )i)$-s $n! otl$t

For )itot )i)$&

Q=Cd A2[2 g (h1h2 )]1/2

Dimana &

5 %low rat$ thro.h )i)$

! 5 $m)iri,al %low rat$ ,o$%%i,i$nt obtain$! %rom obs$r*ation

h1 5 )r$ssr$ h$a! m$asr$! %rom th$ manom$t$r o% th$ )i)$-s o)$nin. inl$t


3/20

h2 5 )r$ssr$ h$a! m$asr$! %rom th$ manom$t$r o% th$ )i)$-s $n! otl$t

Not$& 9$,hni,al !ata

For *$ntrim$t$r

o Diam$t$r o% )i)$-s o)$nin. & 2: mm

o Diam$t$r o% )i)$-s $n! & 17 mm

For ori%i,$

o Diam$t$r o% )i)$-s o)$nin. & 2: mm

o Diam$t$r o% )i)$-s $n! & 20 mm

For )itot )i)$

o Diam$t$r o% )i)$ & 1: mm

$, In"/36en/"

H"!rali, 9abl$

;nstrm$nt o% %low rat$ m$asr$m$nt

:

10

8 7

3

1

2

#4


4/20

ri%i,$

2/ =anom$t$rs o% $ntrim$t$r

3/ =anom$t$r o% ri%i,$

6/


5/20

5, O!"e3a/in and Da/a Cal.la/in

N Man6e/e3 Readin :.6; *l6e

:6L;

Ti6e

:";O3i7i.e Pi9e *en/3i6e/e3 Pi// Pi9e

3 4 # 6 7 8# 1:+7 1:+4 1:+4 18+8 18 18+# 21# 3+0#

7+# 13+2 12+3 12 10+8 :+# 10+# 3#0 3+30

10 12+# 10+# :+8 7+7 4+# 6+3 430 3+00

12+# 16+7 13+# 13+8 :+# 6 8+: #70 3+28

1# 1:+3 14+7 1#+2 8+7 4 8+# 7#0 3+08

17+# 22+3 1#+: 16+2 7+# 2+# 8+# 800 3+00

20 26+8 18+# 1:+# 8 2 :+8 :40 3+12

22+# 34+# 24 26 11+# 4 14 10#0 3+03

d# d2 A# A2 A2


6/20

0+223 0+1#: 0+064 0+0003#18#: 0+0008 3 0+000266667

0+268 0+18# 0+083 0+0004006:: 0+000:4 3+12 0+000301282

0+34# 0+24 0+10# 0+0004#068# 0+0010# 3+03 0+000346#3#

Ta!le Da/a 73 O3i7i.e Pi9e

f(x) = 0.87x

Graph of QOrice and Qreal

G3a91 7 Linea3 Re3e""in 7 O3i7i.e

" 5 m / ( r$al5 ! / >ri%i,$ ! 5 m

R$.r$ssion lin$ obtain$!+ 4 0)B%%&8

*ale 7 Fl> 3a/e .e77i.ien/ :Cd3i7i.e; 0)B%%&

Manal 6e/1d

b=n x y[( x ) ( y )]

n x2 ( x )2

! Cd 0)B&%%'B&=%0&&

S) ale 7 Cd3i7i.e 0)B&%%'B&=%0&&

*en/3i 6e/e3

Q=Cd . A2[2g (h1h2 )]1

2 [1(A 2A1 )2

]1

2


7/20

" b (

15 1% ?15-

1%?

@en/3i:X; *l6e Ti6e @3eal :Y;

:6; :6; :6$ri%i,$ ! 5 m

R$.r$ssion lin$ obtain$!+ 4 0)=%#'8

*ale 7 Fl> 3a/e .e77i.ien/ :Cden/3i; 0)=%#'

Manal 6e/1d


8/20

b=n x y[( x ) ( y )]

n x2 ( x )2

! Cd 0,=$B$=$0=2'25

S) ale 7 Cden/3i 0,=$B$=$0=2'25

II, Pi// Pi9e

Q=Cd . A2[2g (h1h2 )]

1

2

" b (

1' 1B ?1'-1B? @9i//:X; *l6e Ti6e @3eal :Y;

:6; :6; :6$


9/20

f(x) = 0.87x

Graph of QPitot and Qreal

G3a91 7 Linea3 Re3e""in 7 Pi// Pi9e

" 5 m / ( r$al5 ! / >ri%i,$ ! 5 m

R$.r$ssion lin$ obtain$!+ 4 0,B%5&8

*ale 7 Fl> 3a/e .e77i.ien/ :Cd9i//; 0)B%5&

Manal 6e/1d

b=n x y[( x ) ( y )]

n x2 ( x )2

! Cd 0,B=2&%52%%$=2

S) ale 7 Cd9i// 0,B=2&%52%%$=2


10/20


11/20

b=n x y[( x ) ( y )]

n x2 ( x )2

6 #,2=2$5&$B5

S) ale 7 3i7i.e #,2=2$5&$B5

II, *en/3i 6e/e3

V(velocity )=QA2

, hteori=V

2

2 g=

Q2

2g A2

2

*a3ia!le

A3ea

15 1% 1?15-

1%?

@en/3i :Y; * :@


12/20

f(x) = 1.13x

Graph of h' and h (Venturi meter)

G3a91 7 1ead l"" .e77i.ien/ 7 *en/3i6e/e3

" 5 m / ( Ch 5 k/Ch- h4Bh3 5 k/2E2. k 5 m

R$.r$ssion lin$ obtain$! 4 #)#$$=B8

*ale 7 1ead l"" .e77i.ien/ :en/3i; #)#$$=

Manal 6e/1d

b=

n x y[( x ) ( y )]n x2 ( x )2

6 #,#$$B==25%

S) ale 7 en/3i #,#$$B==25%

III, Pi// Pi9e

V(velocity )=QA2

, hteori=V

2

2 g=

Q2

2g A2

2

*a3ia!le

A3ea

1' 1B 1?1'-

1B?

@9i// :Y; * :@


13/20

10 0+04# 0+063 0+018 0/000168#6120 0+#0##3027: 0/018000

12+# 0+06 0+08: 0+02: 0/000213:#3:7 0+612:1#741 0/02:000

1# 0+04 0+08# 0+04# 0/000266#186# 0+8#8836807 0/04#000

17+# 0+02# 0+08# 0+06 0/00030774:23 0+:40#24812 0/060000

20 0+02 0+0:8 0+078 0/0003#088811 1+0626106#8 0/078000

22+# 0+04 0+14 0+1 0/0003:7302## 1+222216344 0/100000Ta!le Da/a 73 Pi// Pi9e

f(x) = 1x

Graph of h' and h (Pitot Pipe)

G3a91 7 1ead l"" .e77i.ien/ 7 Pi// Pi9e

" 5 m / ( Ch 5 k/Ch- h4Bh3 5 k/2E2. k 5 m

R$.r$ssion lin$ obtain$! 4 #8

*ale 7 1ead l"" .e77i.ien/ :9i//; #

Manal 6e/1d

b=n x y[( x ) ( y )]

n x2 ( x )2

6 1

S) ale 7 9i// 1


14/20

%, Anal4"i"

i/ Anal"sis o% '()$rim$nt

9h$ %low rat$ m$asr$m$nt $()$rim$nt has th$ ob$,ti*$ to !$monstrat$ th$

*arios t")$s o% %n!am$ntal %low rat$ )rin,i)l$s b" sin. !i%%$r$nt ,on%i.rations/

Anoth$r ob$,ti*$ is to obtain n!$rstan!in. o% th$ ,hara,t$risti,s o% basi, %low rat$

m$asr$m$nt/ First o% all+ st!$nts ha*$ to )r$)ar$ th$ instrm$nts that will b$ s$! in th$

$()$rim$nt b" r$%$rrin. to th$ mo!l$/ 9o b$.in th$ $()$rim$nt+ th$ in%low )i)$ has to b$

,onn$,t$! with th$ s))l" )i)$ o% th$ h"!rali, tabl$ an! th$ ot%low )i)$ has to b$

)la,$! in th$ wat$r tank/ A%t$r that+ th$ wat$r s))l" is trn$! on@ st!$nts ha*$ to trn

) th$ air *al*$ o% th$ manom$t$rs ntil wat$r %ills all th$ manom$t$rs an! no air bbbl$s

ar$ insi!$ th$ tb$s/ So th$n+ th$ wat$r s))l" an! %low m$t$r *al*$s on th$ instrm$nt

ar$ s$t b" on$ st!$nt ntil th$ manom$t$r r$a!in. is stabl$ an! ,l$ar $no.h/ 9h$ st!$nt

is %r$$ to a!st th$ wat$r s))l" to a!! mor$ )r$ssr$ on th$ manom$t$rs/

A%t$r th$ manom$t$r r$a!in. is stabl$+ anoth$r st!$nt r$,or!s th$ r$a!in.s on th$

manom$t$rs@ th$r$ ar$ 6 manom$t$rs that n$$! to b$ r$,or!$!/ 'a,h )air o% manom$t$r

r$)r$s$nts th$ 3 !i%%$r$nt t")$s o% )i)$s that ar$ b$in. $(amin$!/ 9h$ 3 )i)$s ar$ ,all$!

ori%i,$ )i)$+ *$ntr$ m$t$r+ an! )itot )i)$/ 9h$s$ )i)$s ar$ !$%in$! b" th$ir !i%%$r$nt

!iam$t$rs at th$ o)$nin. an! $n!/ So th$ manom$t$r r$a!in.s show th$ %low o% wat$r at

$a,h o% th$ )i)$-s o)$nin. an! $n!/ >n this $()$rim$nt+ th$ ori%i,$ )i)$ is ,onn$,t$! to

manom$t$r r$a!in. nmb$r 4 an! #+ *$ntri m$t$r is ,onn$,t$! to manom$t$r nmb$r 6

an! 7+ whil$ th$ )itot )i)$ is ,onn$,t$! with manom$t$r nmb$r 7 an! 8/

9o h$l) st!$nts !$t$rmin$ th$ %low rat$+ th$ *olm$ o% th$ ot%low o% wat$r at a

s)$,i%i, s$ttin. an! tim$ is also m$asr$!/ 9h$ *olm$ is m$asr$! sin. a %lask an!

sto)wat,h to m$asr$ th$ tim$ o% %low o% 3 s$,on!s/ A%t$r this )ro,$ss is !on$+ th$ s$ttin.

o% th$ air *al*$ is a!st$! to 8 !i%%$r$nt %low rat$ )r$ssr$s+ or *ariabl$ ar$as/ Startin. at

# an! $n!in. at 22/#+ th$ %low rat$ *ariabl$ is in,r$as$! b" 2/# $*$r" tim$/ 9h$n th$

manom$t$r r$a!in. an! *olm$ is m$asr$! in a,,or!an,$ at $a,h %low rat$ *ariations/

ii/ R$slt Anal"sis

From this $()$rim$nt+ st!$nts obtain$! th$ manom$t$rs r$a!in. %or th$ 3

!i%%$r$nt )i)$s+ whi,h ar$ r$,or!$! in ,$ntim$t$rs/ St!$nts also obtain$! th$ *olm$+


15/20

tim$ o% $a,h manom$t$r r$a!in. at a s)$,i%i, *ariabl$ ar$a/ A%t$r all th$ !ata is ,oll$,t$!+

th$ m$asr$m$nts ar$ th$n s$! to !$t$rmin$ th$ %low rat$ ,o$%%i,i$nt ! an! also th$

h$a! loss ,o$%%i,i$nt k/ 9h$ !iam$t$rs o% th$ $a,h )i)$-s o)$nin. an! $n!in. ar$ alr$a!"

.i*$n in th$ mo!l$/ 9h$ ar$a o% th$ o)$nin. an! $n! ar$ ,al,lat$!/ All th$ !ata that is

,oll$,t$! is ,on*$rt$! to m$t$rs m/

d# d2 A# A2 A2


16/20

th$ "Ba(is is obtain$! %rom th$ *al$s o% / 9h$ manal m$tho! is !$t$rmin$! b" sin.

th$ %ormlab=

n x y[( x ) ( y )]n x

2 ( x )2 /

9h$ r$slts obtain$! ar$ shown b$low&

Flow Rat$ o$%%i,i$nt

?ra)h =$tho! =anal =$tho!

>ri%i,$ )i)$ 0+8664 0/8466784:6044

$ntrim$t$r 0+:617 0/:383:30:272#


17/20

?ra)h =$tho! =anal =$tho!

>ri%i,$ )i)$ 1+2:24 1/2:23#438#

$ntrim$t$r 1+133: 1/1338::2#6


18/20

;na,,rat$ ,al,alation o% th$ .ra)hi,al an! manal m$tho! b$,as$ th$r$

ar$ so man" nmb$rs that ha*$ to b$ )ro,$ss$!+ so th$ ,al,lation mi.ht

not b$ )$r%$,t/

9h$r$ ,ol! also b$ som$ $rrors in th$ ron!in. o% th$ nmb$rs !rin. th$

,al,lation )ro,$ss

'rror in ,oll$,tin. wat$r %or th$ *olm$ o% th$ ot%low/ 9h$ timin. o% th$

,oll$,tor mi.ht not b$ a,,rat$ b$,as$ it is !on$ manall"/ 9h$r$ ,ol!

also b$ wat$r l$%t in th$ %lask a%t$r )r$*ios m$asr$m$nt+ so th$ n$(t

m$asr$m$nt mi.ht ha*$ a sli.htl" bi..$r *olm$ than it is s))os$! to

ha*$/

9h$ s,al$ on th$ manom$t$r ,ol! also b$ har! to r$a!+ wh$n it is not in a

stabl$ )osition/ ;n som$ o,asion+ th$ manom$t$r is instabl$+ ,asin. th$

r$a!$r to $stimat$ th$ *al$ o% th$ r$a!in./

', Cn.l"in

1/ 9h$ *al$ o% %low rat$ ,o$%%i,i$nt ! an! h$a! loss ,o$%%i,i$nt k ,an b$ !$t$rmin$!

$()$rim$ntall" an! ,al,lat$! b" sin. th$ .ra)hi,al an! manal m$tho!/

2/ From $rnolli-s $ation+ on$ ,an obtain$! th$ %ormlas to %in! th$ *al$ o% %low rat$

,o$%%i,i$nt& Q=Cd. A2[2g (h1h2 )]

1

2

[1

(A2

A1 )2

]1

2

%or ori%i,$ an! *$ntrim$t$r

an! Q=Cd . A2[2g (h1h2 )]1

2%or )itot )i)$/

3/ Flow rat$ ,an b$ !$t$rmin$! b" sin. th$ %ormla&Q=

V(mL)t(s)

4/ 9h$ ,o$%%i,i$nt o% h$a! loss %or ori%i,$ )i)$ is 1+2:24/ For *$ntrim$t$r th$ *al$ is

1+133:/ An! th$ *al$ %or )itot )i)$ is 1+ all a,,or!in. to th$ .ra)hs

#/ 9h$ ,o$%%i,i$nt o% %low rat$ %or ori%i,$ )i)$ is 0+8664/ For *$ntrim$t$r th$ *al$ is

0+:617/ An! th$ *al$ %or )itot )i)$ is 0+86#4/6/ >ri%i,$ )i)$ has th$ l$ast *al$ %low rat$ ,o$%%i,i$nt than *$ntrim$t$r an! )itot )i)$/ ;t

also has th$ lar.$st *al$ o% h$a! lost ,om)ar$! to *$ntrim$t$r an! )itot )i)$/ >ri%i,$

)i)$ has a small$r ,o$%%i,i$nt o% %low rat$ b$,as$ it has a lar.$r ,o$%%i,i$nt o% h$a! loss/

;t is losin. mor$ $n$r." than th$ oth$r 2 )i)$s/


19/20


20/20

B, Re7e3en.e"

D$)art$m$n 9$knik Si)il Fakltas 9$knik ni*$rsitas ;n!on$sia/Modul Praktikum

Mekanika Fluida dan Hidrolika. D$)ok& aboratorim Hi!rolika+ Hi!rolo.i+ !an

Sn.ai+ 2013/

laporan mekanika fluida h-05

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