laporan ia spektro uv.docx

8/16/2019 LAPORAN IA SPEKTRO UV.docx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/laporan-ia-spektro-uvdocx 1/16

LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM INSTRUMENTASI ANALITIK

SEMESTER GENAP TAHUN AJARAN 2016

MODUL : Spektrofotometri UV

PEM!M!NG : e"i Li#$%&Dr%&MS&Apt

OLEH'ELOMPO' : (

NAMA : 1) *UJA AD+!NA SAH,UG! -1.1/1100

2) HAGA! EL!SA*AN -1.1/11010

() HERD!NAND D!MAS -1.1/11011

'ELAS : 1AT'

PROGRAM STUDI DIPLOMA III TEKNIK KIMIA

JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA

POLITEKNIK NEGERI BANDUNG

2016

PERCOBAAN : 29 MARET 2016

PENYERAHAN : 05 APRIL



LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM INSTRUMENTASI ANALITIK

MODUL PRA'T!'UM : Pe3e3t4%3 '%#%r '%fei3 #e35%3 Meto#% Spektrofotometri UV

NAMA PEM!M!NG : e"i Li#$%&Dr%&MS&AptTANGGAL PRA'T!'UM : 2 M%ret 2016

TANGGAL PEN,ERAHAN : 0. Apri 2016

!) TUJUAN PER7OAAN

De35%3 me%k4k%3 per8o9%%3 pe3e3t4%3 k%#%r k%fei3& #i%r%pk%3 pr%ktik%3 m%mp4

me%k4k%3 9e9er%p% % 9erik4t)1) Me35oper%;ik%3 me;i3 ;pektrofotometri UV #e35%3 9%ik ;e;4%i pro;e#4r #%3 ;t%3#%r

oper%;io3%)

2) Me%k4k%3 k%i9r%;i me;i3 ;pektrofotometri UV ;e;4%i #e35%3 per;$%r%t%3 ;i;tem m4t4)() Mem%%mi 49435%3 %3t%r% ko3;e3tr%;i %r4t%3 #e35%3 kek4%t%3 %9;or9%3;i3$% ter%#%p

8%%$%)

!!) DASAR TEOR!

1) '%fei3

'%fei3%& %t%4 e9i pop4er3$% k%fei3& i%% ;e3$%<% %k%oi# =%3ti3% 9er9e3t4k kri;t%

#%3 9er%;% p%it $%35 9eker>% ;e9%5%i o9%t per%35;%35 p;iko%ktif #%3 #i4retik ri35%3) '%fei3%#item4k%3 oe ;eor%35 kimi%<%3 Jerm%3& *rie#ri8 *er#i3%3# R435e& p%#% t%43 1?1)

Ak%oi# %#%% 9%;% or5%3ik $%35 me35%3#435 %mi3% ;ek43#er& ter;ier %t%4 ;ikik)

'%fei3 mer4p%k%3 >e3i; %k%oi# $%35 ;e8%r% %%mi% ter#%p%t #%%m 9i>i kopi& #%43 te& #%43

mete& 9i>i ko%& 9i>i 8ok%t& #%3 9e9er%p% mi34m%3 pe3$e5%r) '%fei3 memiiki 9er%t moek4

1/&1 5r@5mo #e35%3 r4m4; kimi% 7?H10N?O2 #%3 pH 6& -%r4t%3 k%fei3 1 #%%m %ir)

G%m9%r ;tr4kt4r moek4 k%fei3



R4m4; Moek4 k%fei3

'%fei3 ;e9%5%i B%t ;tim4%3 ;eri35 #it4#i35 ;e9%5%i pe3$e9%9 ke8%3#4%3) H%

ter;e94t ti#%k ;epe343$% 9e3%r) '%fei3 %3$% #%p%t me3im94k%3 ke8%3#4%3 >ik%

#iko3;4m;i #%%m >4m% $%35 ;%35%t 9%3$%k #%3 r4ti3) '%fei3 memiiki ;if%t %3ti;orporifi8

$%35 #%p%t me35%t%;i ;er5%p%3 r%;% k%3t4k)

k%#%r k%fei3 per 2/0 mL 43t4k 9er9%5%i >e3i; mi34m%3 %#%% :

No Pro#4k '%#%r

1

2

(

/

.

6

Mi34m%3 9er;o#%

'opi

Mi34m%3 e3er5$

Te

7oke%t

S4;4 8oke%t

2(

6.120

C0?.

200

.(.

11.

2) Spektrofotometer UVVi;

Spektrofotometer ;e;4%i #e35%3 3%m%3$% %#%% %%t $%35 ter#iri #%ri ;pe8trometer

#%3 fotometer) Spektrometer me35%;ik%3 ;i3%r #%ri ;pe8tr4m #e35%3 p%3>%35 5eom9%35

terte3t4 #%3 fotometer %#%% pe354k4r i3te3;it%; 8%%$% $%35 #itr%3;mi;ik%3 %t%4 #i%9;or9;i)



J%#i ;pektrofotometer #i543%k%3 43t4k me354k4r e3er5$ ;e8%r% re%ti"e >ik% e3er5$ ter;e94t

#itr%3;mi;ik%3 %t%4 #irefek;ik%3 ;e9%5%i f435;i #%ri p%3>%35 5eom9%35)

Pri3;ip #%;%r #%ri ;4%t4 ;pektrofotometer %#%% pe3$er%p%3 8%%$% p%#% p%3>%35 5eom9%35

terte3t4) Je3i;>e3i; ;pektrofotometer :

er#%;%rk%3 p%#% #%er% ;pektr4m $%35 %k%3 #iek;por%;i& ter#iri #%ri :

%) Spektrofotometer ;i3%r t%mp%k -Vi;)

9) Spektrofotometer ;i3%r t%mp%k -Vi; #%3 4tr%"ioet -UV)

er#%;%rk%3 tek3ik optik% ;i3%r& ter#iri #%ri :

%) Spektrofotometer optik% ;i3%r 5%3#% -#o49e 9e%m; opti8)

9) Spektrofotometer optik% ;i3%r t4355% -;i35e 9e%m; opti8)

Tetapi pada praktiku ka!i i"i kita eakai Spektrofotometer 1.00 ;im%#B4

S4%t4 ;pektrofotometer ter;4;43 #%ri ;4m9er ;pe8tr4m t%mp%k ko3ti3$4&

mo3okrom%tor& ;e pe35%9;or9;i 43t4k %r4t%3 ;%mpe %t%4 9%3ko #%3 ;4%t4 %%t 43t4k

me354k4r per9e#%%3 %9;or9%3;i %3t%r% ;%mpe #%3 9%3ko %t%4p43 pem9%3#i35 -'opk%r& S)M&

2002

Skem% ko3;tr4k;i ;pektrofotometer :



'etik% 8%%$% p4ti #ie<%tk%3 #%%m ;4%t4 ;49;t%3;i m%k% ;eti%p <%r3% 8%%$% $%35

#ip%3t4k%3 %k%3 memiiki p%3>%35 5eom9%35 $%35 9er9e#%) erk%; 8%%$% ter;e94t

#i%;4m;ik%3 ;e9%5%i <%r3% kompeme3 #%ri p%3>%35 5eom9%35 $%35 #i;er%p)

Mek%3i;me ker>% #%ri ;pektrofotometer p%#% #%;%r3$% %#%% memi;%k%3 8%%$%

me3>%#i mo3okrom%tik& $%35 kem4#i%3 8%%$% ter;e94t #ie<%tk%3 p%#% ;4%t4 ;%mpe $%35 %k%3

#i4k4r kek4%t%3 r%#i%;i3$%) Jik% P mer4p%k%3 9%3$%k3$% ;i3%r ;i3%r $%35 #iter4;k%3 oe

%r4t%3 ;%mpe #%3 Po mer4p%k%3 9%3$%k3$% ;i3%r $%35 #i;er%p& m%k% r%tio P@Po #%p%t kit%

;e94t ;e9%5%i tr%3;mit%3;i) Se%i3 me354k4r tr%3;mit%3;i& ;pektrofotometer p%#% #%;%r3$%

%#%% 43t4k me354k4r %9;or9%3;i ;%mpe k%re3% %#%3$% i3ter%k;i %tom& moek4& #%3 io3 p%#%

;%mpe ter;e94t)

P%3>%35 5eom9%35 $%35 #i;er%p oe ;%mpe #%ri ;e>4m% 8%%$% $%35 #i9erik%3

%k%3 ;e9%3#i35 #e35%3 ko3;e3tr%;i ;%mpe #%3 kete9%%3 %r4t%3 ;%mpe) Se8%r% m%tem%ti;

49435%3 i3i #i9erik%3 oe 4k4m L%m9ert 9eer:

A F98

Dim%3%:

F %9;orpti"it%; mo%r -L)8m1)mo1

9 kete9%%3 k4"et -8m

8 ko3;e3tr%;i -moL1

III. ALAT DAN AHAN

A%t %%3

1# Spektrofotometri

Sim%#B4 UV 1C00 #%3

k4"et k4%r;%2# L%94 t%k%r .0 m

$# Ge%; kimi% 2.0 m& 100

m& .0 m

%# Pipet Vo4me 10 m&

2.m5# o% i;%p

1# '%fei3 100 ppm

2# H7 0&1 M



!V) 7ARA 'ERJA

1) Pem94%t%3 L%r4t%3 St%3#%r# #%3 Pe3e3t4%3 P%3>%35 Geom9%35 M%k;im4m

2. SPE'TRO*OTOMETER UV1C00 SH!MADU

A) Me3$%%k%3 A%t

Mem94%t 100m %r4t%3 i3#4k k%fei3

-100 ppm #%%m H7 0&1N

4%t ;e#eret%3 %r4t%3 ;t%3#%r k%fei3 #e35%3 ko3;e3tr%;i 2&/&6&?&10 #%3 12

ppm #%%m H7 0&1N #%ri %94 i3#4k) D%%m %94 t%k%r .0 m)

De35%3 me35543%k%3 r4m4; V1 = N1 V2 = N2 m%k% #%p%t

#item4k%3 :

2 ppm 0&. m 6 ppm 1&. m 10 ppm 2&. m

/ ppm 1 m ? ppm 2 m 12 ppm ( m

Te3t4k%3 p%3>%35 5eom9%35 m%k;im4m& #e35%3 8%r%: 4k4r

;er%p%33$% -%m9i %r4t%3 ;t%3#%r ? ppm #%ri 9er9%5%i

p%3>%35 5eom9%35 - #%ri (?0 10 3m

Uk4r ;er%p%3 9er9%5%i ko3;e3tr%;i %r4t%3 ;t%3#%r p%#%

p%3>%35 5eom9%35 $%35 ;4#% #ite3t4k%3

4k% mo3itor per%%3) P4t%r tom9o ;e9e%

I



) Pe354k4r%3 Spektr4m

7) Pe354k4r%3 Potometri8

T43 4 ;%m %i ro;e; i3i;i%i;%;i ;ee;%i #%3 ke4%r t%m i%3 mo#e

Pii me34 K;pe8tr4mK %4 tek%3 2 kem4#i%3 %t4r p%r%meter

M%;4kk%3 k4"et 9eri;i %r4t%3 9%35ko -ke#4%#4%3$%

Tek%3 tom9o K%;e 8orrK *1& t43554 ;%mp%i m4384 0&000 A -%%t %k%3

9er943$i 9ip9ip

G%3ti k4"et 9%35ko $%35 9%5i%3 #ep%3 #e35%3 %r4t%3 ;%mpe -i;i k4"et #e35%3

%r4t%3 ;%mpe $%35 #ii35i3k%3

Tek%3 tom9o K;t%rtK& m%k% m4384 ;pektr4m %3t%r% A9; #e35%3 +%"ee35t

M4384 K<%"ee35t %9;or9%38eK& t%mpi%3 k4r"% A "; λ

Tek%3 tom9o K#%t% pro88K *2& Kpe%kK-( 43t4k me35et%4i p%3>%35 5eom9%35

m%k;im4m #%3 %9;or9%3;i

Pii Me34 Potometri8



D) Pe354k4r%3 4%3tit%ti"e% Pem94%t%3 '4r"% '%i9r%;i

!;ik%3 3i%i %3 %3

M%;4k%3 k4"et $%35 9eri;i %r4t%3 9%3ko

%#% ;%m e 8om %rteme3tI

Tek%3 tom9o %4to BeroI %4 t43554 i355%

G%3ti k4"et i;i 9%3ko #e35%3 k4"et $%35 9eri;i %r4t%3 ;%mpe $%35 %k%3 #i

Tek%3 tom9o ;t%rt

I

M4384 t%9e Potometri8I

G%3ti k4"et #e35%3 %r4t%3 ;t%3#%r $%35 9erik4t3$%& tek%3 K ;t%rtK & #emiki%3 ;eter4;$%

;%mp%i pe354k4r%3 ;ee;%iG%3ti k4"et 9%35ko -9%5i%3 #ep%3 #e35%3 %r4t%3 ;t%3#%r $%35 pert%m%Tek%3 K8%)84r"eK *1 43t4k mei%t t%mi%3 k4r"% k%i9r%;iTek%3 K;t%rtK m%k% %k%3 ke4%r 3i%i ASM4384 t%mpi%3 : NO ! 7o38 ! AS

Tek%3 K;t%rtK& m%;4kk%3 3i%i ko3;e3tr%;i %r4t%3 ;t%3#%r& tek%3 Ke3terK -pek%r>%%3

ter;e94t #i%3>4tk%3@#i4%35 ;%mp%i ;ee;%iTek%3 tom9o KA4to BeroK & t43554 ;%mp%i #e35%3 0&000AM%;4kk%3 k4"et i;i %r4t%3 9%35ko p%#% ke#4% ;i;i Krefere38e ;%mpeK

Pii me34 KQ4%3tit%ti"eK #e35%3 8%r% tek%3 -(& ->ik% #%ri me34 K;pe8tr4mKtek%3 K ret4r3K e9i #%44

At4r p%r%meter:

1) Me%;& 1 %m#%: i;ik%3 p%3>%35 5eom9%35 tek%3 Ke3terK

2) Meto# m4ti poi3t -( i;i >4m% %r4t%3 ;t%3#%r $%35 #i543%k%3 Ke3terK

or#e 1 Ke3terK Bero i3tept NO Ke3terK

() No of me%;) 1

/) U3it ppm



E) Pe354k4r%3 'o3;e3tr%;i S%mpe

Tek%3 ret4r3 ;%mp%i kem9%i ke

me34 4t%m% 4%3tit%ti"e

G%3ti k4"et i;i %r4t%3 ;t%3#%r #e35%3 %r4t%3

;%mpe $%35 %k%3 #i%3%i;i;

Tek%3 ;t%rt ) U%35i peker>%%3 ter;e94t i355% ;%mpe $%35

%k%3 #i%3%i;i; me3#%p%tk%3 %;i $%35 9%ik #



*) Mem%tik%3 A%t

V) DATA PENGAMATAN

- Data Photometr!

P%3>%35 5eom9%35 m%k;im4m 2C&2 3m& A9;or9%3 0&/01

No L%r4t%3 St%3#%r A9;or9%3;i 'AS

1) 'o3;e3tr%;i 2 ppm 0&0C 0&06?

2) 'o3;e3tr%;i / ppm 0&1C? 0&1C?1

() 'o3;e3tr%;i ? ppm 0&(6? 0&(6?/

/) 'o3;e3tr%;i 10 ppm 0&/6. 0&/6..

.) 'o3;e3tr%;i 12 ppm 0&... 0&...1

- K"r#a Ka$%ra& 'Pe()"*"ra( +"a(ttat#e,

No 'o3;e3tr%;i A9;or9%3;i

1) 0&00 ppm 0&00

2) 2&00 ppm 0&01

() /&00 ppm 0&1?(

/) ?&00 ppm 0&(.

P4t%r tom9o ;e9e% k%3%3 i355% %$%r mo3itor

t%mp%k 9ir4

M%;4kk%3 kem9%i ;ii8% 5e

'o;o35k%3 8omp%rteme3t 8e



.) 10&00 ppm 0&.0?

6) 12&00 ppm 0&./

AS ' (7( ' 27

2 ' 17 ' 0

'( 0&000'2 0&000

'1 0&01C'0 0&000

R 2 0&?/

- Data Pe()"*"ra( Ko(&e(tra& Same$

No L%r4t%3 S%mpe A9;or9%3;i 'o3;e3tr%;i

1) S%mpe 1 0&2( .&0C/

2) S%mpe 2 0&((C 6&C?01

V!) PENGOLAHAN DATA@ PERH!TUNGAN

1) Mem94%t L%r4t%3 St%3#%r '%fei3

%) Mem94%t L%r4t%3 '%fei3 2 ppm

N1 )V1 N2 )V2

100 ) V1 2 ) 2.

V1

50

100

V1 0&. m 9) Mem94%t L%r4t%3 7%fei3 / ppm

N1 )V1 N2 )V2

100 ) V1 / ) 2.

V1 100

100

V1 1 m

8) Mem94%t L%r4t%3 7%fei3 ? ppm

N1 )V1 N2 )V2

100 ) V1 ? ) 2.

V1 200

100

V1 2 m

#) Mem94%t L%r4t%3 7%fei3 10 ppm N1 )V1 N2 )V2



100 ) V1 10 ) 2.

V1 250

100

V1 2&. m

e) Mem94%t L%r4t%3 7%fei3 12 ppm

N1 )V1 N2 )V2

100 ) V1 12 ) 2.

V1 300

100

V1 ( m

0 2 % 6 ' 10 12 1%0

0#1

0#2

0#$

0#%

0#5

0#6

0#(

)*+, - 0#05+ . 0#01

R/ - 1

Kurva Kalibrasi Quantitative

Konsentrasi (ppm)

Absorbansi

0 2 % 6 ' 10 12 1%

0

0#1

0#2

0#$

0#%

0#5

0#6

)*+, - 0#05+ . 0

R/ - 1

Kurva Kalibrasi Photometric

Konsentrasi (ppm)

Absorbansi



2) Me3e3t4k%3 'o3;e3tr%;i L%r4t%3 S%mpe er#%;%rk%3 Per;) Li3ier '4r"% '%i9r%;i

, 0&0.0.= 0&00C? -p%#% k4r"% k%i9r%;i Q4%3tit%ti"e

, 0&0/6(= 0&000/ -p%#% k4r"% k%i9r%;i potometri8

, A9;or9%3;i

'o3;e3tr%;i

%) S%mpe 1

Diket%4i %9;or9%3;i 0&2(

, 0&0.0.= 0&00C?

0&2( 0&0.0.= 0&00C?

0,293+0,0078

0,0505 .&.6 ppm -Q4%3tit%ti"e

, 0&0/6(= 0&000/

0&2( 0&0/6(= 0&000/

0,293+0,0004

0,0463 6&(( ppm -potometri8

9) S%mpe 2Diket%4i %9;or9%3;i 0&((C

, 0&0.0.= 0&00C?

0&((C 0&0.0.= 0&00C?

0,337+0,0078

0,0505 6&?2C ppm

, 0&0/6(= 0&000/

0&((C 0&0/6(= 0&000/

0,337+0,0004

0,0463 C&2? ppm -potometri8

L%r4t%3 7 p%#% %%t 7 9er#%;%rk%3

k4r"% Q4%3tit%ti"e

7 9er#%;%rk%3

k4r"% potometri8S%mpe 1 .&0C .&.6 ppm 6&(( ppm

S%mpe 2 6&C?0 6&?2C ppm C&2? ppm

V!!) PEMAHASAN

*4>% A#<i3% S%$45i -1.1/1100



Pr%ktik4m k%i i3i 9ert4>4%3 43t4k mem94%t k4r"% k%i9r%;i& me3e3t4k%3 p%3>%35

5eom9%35 m%k;im4m& %9;or9%3;i %r4t%3 ;t%3#%r #e35%3 p%3>%35 5eom9%35

m%k;im4m& #%3 ko3;e3tr%;i ;4%t4 ;%mpe) Per8o9%%3 i3i 43t4k me35%3%i;% k%#%r k%fei3

me35543%k%3 %%t ;pektrofotometer UV1C00 Sim%#B4) U3t4k me3e3t4k%3 k%#%r

k%fei3& #i543%k%3 %r4t%3 ;t%3#%r k%fei3 #e35%3 9er9%5%i ko3;e3tr%;i -2ppm& /ppm&

?ppm& 10ppm& #%3 12ppm #%%m %r4t%3 H7 0&1 N) Di543%k%33$% %r4t%3 H7

9ert4>4%3 43t4k mem94%t k%fei3 9er%#% p%#% ke%#%%3 %;%m& k%re3% ke%#%%3 %;%m %k%3

mem94%t pe354k4r%3 p%3>%35 5eom9%35 k%fei3 me38%p%i titik m%k;im4m) P%3>%35

5eom9%35 m%k;im4m memiiki kepek%%3 m%k;im% k%re3% ter>%#i per49%%3 %9;or9%3;i

$%35 p%i35 9e;%r)Sete% #i4k4r me35543%k%3 %%t ;pektrofotometer UV ;im%#B4& p%3>%35

5eom9%35 m%k;im4m k%fei3 #i#%p%tk%3 #%ri %r4t%3 ;t%3#%r ko3;e3tr%;i /ppm %#%%

2C&2 3m #e35%3 %9;or9%3;i 0&/01) P%3>%35 5eom9%35 m%k;im4m i3i #i543%k%3 43t4k

me354k4r %9;or9%3;i %r4t%3 ;t%3#%r %i33$% $%35 ;4#% #iket%4i ko3;e3tr%;i3$%)

Sei355% #%p%t #i94%t k4r"% k%i9r%;i) Ni%i %9;or9%3;i 9er9%3#i35 4r4; #e35%3ko3;e3tr%;i %r4t%3& ;ei355% ;em%ki3 ti355i ko3;e3tr%;i3$% ;em%ki3 9e;%r p4% 3i%i

%9;or9%3;i3$%)

P%#% per8o9%%3 i3i& #i94%t #4% k4r"% k%i9r%;i $%it4 #%ri #%t% pe354k4r%3

potometri8 #%3 #%t% pe354k4r%3 Q4%3tit%ti"e p%#% %%t) H% i3i 43t4k mem9%3#i35k%3

3i%i ko3;e3tr%;i ;%mpe $%35 #i#%p%tk%3 9er#%;%rk%3 per;%m%%3 i3ier k4r"%3$% #e35%3

3i%i ko3;e3tr%;i ;%mpe $%35 ;4#% #iket%4i p%#% %%t) Perit435%3 ko3;e3tr%;i $%35

p%i35 me3#ek%ti #e35%3 ko3;e3tr%;i $%35 te% #iket%4i p%#% %%t %#%% 9er#%;%rk%3

k4r"% k%i9r%;i pe354k4r%3 Q4%3tit%ti"e) 'o3;e3tr%;i ;%mpe 1 p%#% %%t %#%% .&0C

ppm #%3 ;%mpe 2 %#%% 6&C?0 ppm) Se#%35k%3 9er#%;%rk%3 perit435%3 #%ri

per;%m%%3 i3ier $%35 #i#%p%tk%3 #%ri k4r"% k%i9r%;i Q4%3tit%ti"e ko3;e3tr%;i ;%mpe 1%#%% .&.6 ppm #%3 ;%mpe 2 %#%% 6&?2C ppm) N%m43 >ik% 9er#%;%rk%3 k4r"%

pe354k4r%3 potometri8 ;ei;i3$% %5%k >%4 k%re3% p%#% #%;%r3$% #%t% #%ri t%9e

potometri8 94k%3 43t4k #i>%#ik%3 k4r"% k%i9r%;i)

H%5%i Ei;%f%3 -1.1/11010

Her#i3%3# Dim%; -1.1/11011

V!!!) 'ES!MPULAN

Ni%i %9;or9%3;i 9er9%3#i35 4r4; #e35%3 ko3;e3tr%;i)

P%3>%35 5eom9%35 m%k;im4m $%35 #iperoe ;e9e;%r 2C&2 3m #e35%3 %9;or9%3;i0&/01)

'o3;e3tr%;i %r4t%3 ;%mpe 1 #%3 2 p%#% %%t $%it4 .&0C ppm #%3 6&C?0 ppm& ;e#%35k%3

9er#%;%rk%3 perit435%3 #%ri k4r"% k%i9r%;i pe354k4r%3 Q4%3tit%ti"e %#%% .&.6 ppm

#%3 6&?2C ppm)



DA*TAR PUSTA'A

To3i)201()Pe3e3t4%3 '%#%r '%fei3 ;e8%r% Spektrofotometri Sim%#B4

ttp;:@@to3imp%)<or#pre;;)8om@201(@11@0.@106@ #i43#4 p%#% 2 Apri 2016W

T!M)2011)Pet43>4k Pr%ktik4m 'imi% A3%itik !3;tr4me3)J4r4;%3 Tek3ik 'imi%

https://tonimpa.wordpress.com/2013/11/05/1069/

https://tonimpa.wordpress.com/2013/11/05/1069/

laporan ia spektro uv.docx

Documents