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RATE OF REACTION

A.RATE OF REACTION

[SPM 2005]

45. The diagram shows the set up of the apparatus for an experiment to determine the rate

of reaction between sodium thiosuphate and suphuric acid.

Gambar rajah menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen untuk menentukan kadar

tindak balas antara natirium tiosulfat dengan asid sulfurik.

!hich of the foowing combination of conditions ta"e the shortest time for the mar" x to

disappear from sight#

Antara kombinasi keadaan berikut, yang manakah mengambil masa paling singkat

untuk tanda X hilang daripada penglihatan?

Suphuric acid Asid sulfurik

Sodium thiosuphate soutionLarutan natrium tiosulfat Temperature$%&

Suhu/°

'oume$cm(

!sipadu/"m#&oncentration$Mo dm(

$epekatan/ %ol dm#

'oume$cm(

!sipadu/"m#&oncentration$Mo dm(

$epekatan/ %ol dm#

) *0 *.0 50 0.5 (0

+ *0 *.0 50 0.5 40

& *0 0.5 50 0.5 (0+ 20 0.5 40 0.5 40

[SPM 200,]

((. -iagram ** shows the apparatus setup for an experiment to determine the rate of

reaction.

/aah ** menunu""an susunan radas bagi e"sperimen untu" menentu"an "adar

tinda" baas.


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!hich of the foowing techni1ues is the most suitabe to determine the rate of

reaction#

Antara berikut, yang manakah paling sesuai untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas

itu?

). /ecord the time as soon as precipitate is formed

%en"atat masa sebaik sahaja mendakan mula terbentuk +. /ecord the time ta"en to obtain the maximum temperature%en"atat masa untuk mendapatkan suhu maksimum

&. /ecord the time as soon as the cross mar" cannot be seen%en"atat masa sebaik sahaja tanda pangkah tidak kelihatan

-. /ecoed the time ta"en for the change of the p 3aue unti a fixed p 3aue is

obtained%en"atat masa bagi perubahan nilai p& sehingga nilai p& yang tetap diperoleh

42. !hich of the foowing is the correct match of a ow rate of reaction and a high rate of

reaction#

Antara padanan berikut, yang manakah betul tentang tindak balas yang mempunyai

kadar tindak balas rendah dan kadar tindak balas tinggi?

)

+

&

-

4( Tabe 2 shows the 3oume of carbon dioxide gas &2 coected in the reactionbetween imestone powder and diute h6drochoric acid.

Low rate of reactionKadar tindak balas rendah

High rate of reacitionKadar tindak balas tinggi

7eutraisation between h6drochoric acidand sodium h6droxide soution'eneutralan antara asid hidroklorik danlarutan natrium hidroksida

8ron rusting'engaratan besi

-oube decomposition between ead988:nitrate soution and potassium iodidesoution'enguraian ganda dua antara larutan

plumbum(!!) nitrat dan larutan kaliumiodida

7eutraisation between h6drochoric acidand sodium h6droxide soution'eneutralan antara asid hidrolorik danlarutan natrium hidroksida

8ron rusting'engaratan besi

;ermentation of gucose soution'enapaian larutan glukosa

;ermentation of gucose soution'enapaian larutan glukosa

-oube decomposition between ead988:nitrate soution and potassium iodidesoution'enguraian ganda dua antara larutan plumbum(!!) nitrat dan larutan kaliumiodida


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*adual + menunjukkan isipadu gas karbon diokside, + , yang dikumpul dalam

tindak balas antara serbuk batu kapur dan asid hidroklorik "air.

Time$minute%asa/minit

0.0 0.5 *.0 *.5 2.0 2.5 (.0 (.5

'oume of

&2$ cm(

!sipadu+ / "m

#

0.0 4.5 ,.5 *0.0 *2.5 *4.5 *


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(* Tabe < shows the tota 3oume of h6drogen gas coected at reguar inter3as for the

reaction between >inc and diute h6drochoric acid.

*adual 5 menunjukkan jumlah isi padu gas hidrogen, yang dikumpul pada sela masa

yang sekata bagi tindak balas antara 6ink dan asid hidroklorik "air.

Time 9min:%asa (min)

Tota 3oume of h6drogen gas 9cm(:*umlah isi padu gas hidrogen ("m# )

0.0 0.00

0.5 ?.00

*.0 *4.50

*.5 20.50

2.0 24.00

2.5 2


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8f the experiment is repeated using another soution which soution wi produce cur3e

@#

Sekiranya eksperimen diulang dengan menggunakan larutan lain, larutan manakah

yang akan menghasilkan lengkung 9?

) . 25 cm( of 0.*5mo dm( h6drogen peroxide

+ "m# 1. hidrogen peroksida mol dm0#

+ . 20 cm( 0.*5mo dm( h6drogen peroxide

+1 "m# hidrogen peroksida 1.mol dm0#

&. *5 cm( of 0.*5mo dm( h6drogen peroxide

"m# hidrogen peroksida 1.mol dm0#

-. *0 cm( of 0.25mo dm( h6drogen peroxide

1 "m# hidrogen peroksida 1.+mol dm0#

[SPM 200


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%erebus kentang dalam periuk tekanan&. Steam the potatoes in a steamer

%engukus kentang dalam pengukus-. ;r6 the potatoes in a wo"

%enggoreng kentang dalam kuali.

[SPM 200,]

*2. The reaction between >incAn and h6drochoric acid & is represented b6 the

foowing e1uationB

An9s: C 2&9a1: An&29a1: C 29g:

) student wants to determine the rate of the reaction in a schoo aborator6.!hich of

the foowing methods is the most suitabe#

:indak balas antara 6ink, ;n dengan asid hidroklorik, &l di 8akili oleh persamaan

berikut<

An9p: C 2&9a": An&29a": C 29g:

Seorang murid ingin menentukan kadar tindak balas itu di makmal sekolah.Antara

kaedah berikut, yang manakah paling sesuai?

). -etermine the change in temperature of the soution with time%enentukan perubahan suhu larutan dengan masa

+. -etermine the change in concentration of >inc choride with time%enentukan perubahan kepekatan 6ink klorida dengan masa

&. -etermine the 3oume of h6drogen gas gi3en off with time%enentukan isipadu gas hydrogen yang terbebas dengan masa

-. -etermine the change in the concentration of h6drochoric acid with time%enentukan perubahan kepekatan asid hidroklorik dengan masa

[SPM 20*0]

*4 ow does a cata6st increase the rate of reaction#-agaimanakah mangkin meningkatkan kadar tindak balas?

) 8ncreases the number of effecti3e coisions

%eningkatkan bilangan perlanggaran berkesan

+ 8ncreases the acti3ation energ6 of the reaction

%eningkatkan tenaga pengaktifan tindak balas

& 8ncreases the tota number of reactant partices

%eningkatkan jumlah bilangan 6arah06arah bahan tindak balas

- 8ncreases the "inetic energ6 of reactant partices

%eningkatkan tenaga kinetik 6arah06arah bahan tindak balas


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(0 !hen the temperature of a reacting mixture increases the rate of reaction increases.

!hich statement expains wh6 the rate of reaction increases#

Apabila suhu "ampuran bahan tindak balas meningkat, kadar tindak balas

meningkat.

'ernyataan manakah yang menerangkan mengapa kadar tindak balas meningkat?

) The tota surface area of the reactant partices increases

*umlah luas permukaan 6arah06arah bahan tindak balas bertambah

+ The tota number of the reactant partices per unit 3oume increases

*umlah bilangan 6arah06arah bahan tindak balas per unit isi padu bertambah

& The reactant partices mo3e faster and coide more often with one another

;arah06arah bahan tindak balas bergerak lebih "epat dan berlanggar lebih kerap

antara satu sama lain

- The reactant partices which coide more often are abe to o3ercome the ower

acti3ation energ6

;arah06arah bahan tindak balas yang berlanggar lebih kerap boleh mengatasitenaga pengaktifan yang lebih rendah

(2 The foowing e1uation shows the reaction between >inc powder and h6drochoric

acid.

An9s: C 2&9a1: D An&29a1: C 29g:

ow can the rate of production of h6drogen be increased#

'ersamaan berikut menunjukkan tindak balas antara serbuk 6ink dengan asid

hidroklorik.

An9s: C 2&9a1: D An&29a1: C 29g:

-agaimanakah kadar penghasilan hidrogen boleh ditingkatkan?

) 8ncrease the si>e of the >inc

%eningkatkan sai6 6ink

+ 8ncrease the 3oume of water in the acid

%eningkatkan isi padu air dalam asid

& 8ncrease the 3oume of the h6drochoric acid

%eningkatkan isi padu asid hidroklorik

- 8ncrease the temperature of the h6drochoric acid

%eningkatkan suhu asid hidroklorik

C.COLLISION THEORY

[SPM 2005]


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*2. The diagram shows the energ6 profie of a reaction.Ea is the acti3ation energ6 foorthis reaction.

Gambar rajah menunjukkan profil tenaga bagi suatu tindak balas.= a adalah tenaga pengaktifan bagi tindak balas ini.

!hat wi change the acti3ation energ6 from Ea to EaF#

Apakah yang akan mengubah tenaga pengaktifan daripada = a kepada = a>?

) . temperature

suhu

+. cata6st

mangkin

&. concentration

kepekatan

-. tota surface area

*umlah luas permukaan

[SPM 2005]

*(. !hich of the foowing expains the meaning of effecti3e coision#

Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah menjelaskan maksud perlanggaranberkesan?

). The coision where its energ6 is ess than the acti3ation energ6'erlanggaran yang tenaganya kurang daripada tenaga pengaktifan

+. The coision that has a ow energ6'erlanggaran yang berlaku mempunyai tenaga yang rendah

&. The coision which ta"es pace before a reaction'erlanggaran yang berlaku sebelum sesuatu tindak balas

-. The coision that causes a reaction'erlanggaran yang menghasilkan tindak balas


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[SPM 200

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