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TEORI SASTERATASAWWUR ISLAM I :SUATU ANALISIS TERHADAP NOVEL

MELAYU SEBELUM PERANG

Mohd Afif Bin Abidin

Pusat Pengajian Siswazah,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

ABSTRAK

Tesis ini berjudul Teori Sastera Tasawwur Islami: Suatu Analisis Terhadap Novel Melayu

Sebelum Perang. Novel yang dikaji terdiri daripada beberapa buah novel 1920-an, 1930-an dan

1940-an. Kajian ini menggunakan teori tasawwur islami yang syumul dalam menganalisis

novel yang dihasilkan sebelum Perang Dunia Kedua. Dalam bab-bab awal dibincangkan tentangkonsep novel terawal dalam pembentukan genre tersebut di Malaysia dan kaitannya dengan teori

sastera tasawwur islami. Dijelaskan juga tentang konsep novel Islam yang berpaksikan akidah,

syariah akhlak dan teknik penyampaianqissah Islam. Seterusnya dibicarakan konsep hubungan

antara manusia dengan manusia seperti yang terdapat dalam novel Sebelum Perang D2.Selanjutnya dianalisis persoalan-persoalan yang terdapat dalam novel-novel kajian dari sudut

teori sastera tasawwur Islami. Persoalan-persoalan yang dianalisis berkaitan dengan hubunganantara manusia dengan manusia adalah: hubungan individu dengan individu, hubungan suami

isteri, ibu bapa dengan anak, hubungan muda-mudi, hubungan guru dengan murid, hubungan

pemerintah dengan rakyat, hubungan Muslim dengan bukan Muslim dan hubungan majikan

dengan pekerja. Teknik menganalisis yang digunakan berlandaskan kaedah matan-syarahyang dipakai oleh kitab-kitab tafsir al-Quran dan hadis. Kaedah ini merupakan kaedah tertua

yang digunakan bagi menganalisis bahan sastera Islam, atau seperti yang terdapat dalam tradisi

sastera kitab. Kaedah ini disebut Persoalan-Analisis. Dalam kaedah ini persoalan dalamnovel dianalisis dari segi akidah, syariah, akhlak dan teknik penyampaian qissah. Di samping

kaedah persoalan-analisis kajian ini menggunakan juga pendekatan-pendekatan kritikan yang

konvensional, iaitu generik, kontekstual dan biografi. Hasil daripada penganalisisan novelmenunjukkan amat banyak persoalan yang tidak menepati kehendak teori sastera tasawwur

Islami, iaitu yang bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip akidah, syariah, akhlak dan teknik

penyampaian qissah Islam. Persoalan-persoalan yang dikemukakan dalam novel mesejnya

kabur, sipi malahan teknik penyampaiannya kurang berkesan dari segi tasawwur I slami.

Meskipun ada unsur-unsur kesejagatan Islam, unsur akhlak Islamiah dan unsur akidah tetapi

tidak menunjukkan novel tersebut benar-benar menurut kehendak teori sasteratasawwur I slami.

Sebaliknya pengisian tersebut hanya kerana menurut aliran didaktik dan akibat pengaruh latarsosiobudaya sezaman. Terdapat novel yang persoalannya jelas melanggar prinsip akidah,

syariah, akhlak dan teknik penyampaian qisas.

ABSTRACT

This thesis is entitled The Islamic World-view Literary Theory: An Analysis of Pre War MalayNovel. It analyses issues with respect to the relationship of humankind in some Malay pre-war

novels within the theory of consummate tasawwur Islami or the consummate Islamic World

view. Several novels were selected from the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. the study uses the

principles of belief (akidah). Law (Syariah), morality (akhlak) and presentation technique of the

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story (qissah) to analyze the issues found in the novels. In the beginning chapters the concept of

novel as a genre in Malaysia and how it was linked to the Islamic world-view literary theory was

discussed. Islamic novels which are fixed on belief, law, morality and presentation techniquewere also reviewed. The relationship of humankind as it found in Pre War novels was also

reviewed. Study also analyses issues within the novels through Islamic world-view literary

theory point of view. These issues include the relationship: such as husband and wife, parentsand children, between relatives, relationship between boys and girls, ruler and people, Muslim

and Non Muslim, and employer-employee relationship. The analysis technique is based on the

matan-syarahmethod used in the intepretation of Quran and hadis. This is one of the oldestmethods in analyzing Islamic literature, and known as Issues Analysis method. Apart from the

Issue-Analysis method the study also employs conventional critical approaches such as

generic, contextual and biographical. The findings of the study show much within the novels

that do not meet the needs of the Islamic world-view theory, or contradict to the principle ofakidah, syariah, akhlak and Islamic story presentation technique. The issues presented in the

novel, most of the messages are blur, off tangent, and ineffective technique of presentation from

the scope oftasawwur Islami. Although there are universal Islamic values, morality and akidah

elements present, the novels themselves are not in accordance with the needs of the Islamicworld view literary theory. Instead, the inclusion can be seen as merely didactic and due to the

socio-cultural background. There are novels where issues are against the principles of akidah,syariah, akhlak and presentation technique of qissah. When the process of early merit in

disciplining is not experienced, creativity will be without direction and will tend to mimic

Westers created culture, the culture of eroticism, and low literary culture. The us of poetry-syair

and pantun-in the novels are not meant to champion the purity of Islamic morality but insteadmerely serve as light entertainment, and to fulfil the desire ofal-amarah bi al-su. In short,

although issues relevant to the Islamic world-view literary theory can be found in the novels,

their existence are not due to the authors awareness of the theories and principles but are ratherdidactic in nature and might even result in the erosion of the Islamic world-view if the matter is

not made clear.