Green City Action Plan:Green City Action Plan:Green City Action Plan:Green City Action Plan:

Melaka, MalaysiaMelaka, MalaysiaMelaka, MalaysiaMelaka, MalaysiaAmit ProthiAmit ProthiAmit ProthiAmit Prothi

Consultant, Asian Development BankConsultant, Asian Development BankConsultant, Asian Development BankConsultant, Asian Development Bank

Melaka• World heritage city (UNESCO)

• Popular tourist destination (14+ million in 2013, and increasing)

• Strong manufacturing base (40% of state GDP)

• Rich in natural areas (nearly 2/3rd of the state categorized as “environmentally

sensitive areas”)

• Population projected to grow from 830,900 to 952,500 between 2011 and 2020

• Familiar with green concepts (Award-winning Melaka River Transformation, Green

City based on Low Carbon Cities Framework, Solar Farm)

Key DriversIndonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth

Triangle (IMT-GT)

– Population of 72 million, many of

whom live in small and large cities

– Green Cities Initiative

(Promote sustainable urban (Promote sustainable urban

development in IMT-GT)

– Support and replicate GCAP

process being undertaken in

Melaka (Malaysia), Songkla

(Thailand) and Medan (Indonesia)

in other cities in the region

Vision to become Sustainable

Chief Minister inaugurating a new Solar Farm in Melaka “I would like to announce here in

Copenhagen that Malaysia is • UN Urban Environmental Accord

• Vision to become a sustainable state by 2020

• Green Technology Blueprint and Green Tech.

Corporation

Copenhagen that Malaysia is

adopting an indicator of a

voluntary reduction of up to 40

percent in emissions intensity of

GDP by the year 2020 compared to

2005 levels” Prime Minister Datuk

Seri Najib Tun Abd Razak

Potential Challenges• Increasing population and greater affluence leads to an increase in resource

consumption and GHG emissions

• Some of the existing challenges such as traffic congestion or water quality

worsen and affects Melaka’s competitiveness as a tourist destination

• Climate change increases risk of flooding along coastal and low lying area; hotter

environment (heat island effect) results in loss of tourism opportunities

• Without a strong constituency for sustainable urban development or an overall

framework, green activities continue in an ad-hoc manner

Increasing affluence will shift motorcycle riders towards cars

Strategic Focus

1. Think holistically about water (and other natural

resources)

2. Pursue low carbon growth

3. Enhance tourism opportunities and experiences

4. Build a constituency that supports greener activities

• Business as usual:

Land reclamation

continues along the

coastal area

• GrEEEn Alternative:

Vulnerability

Assessment informs

risks related to sea

level rise that can be 4. Build a constituency that supports greener activities

level rise that can be

factored into

investment decision

Thematic Framework to Apply 3E Approach

Green Transport

Green Transport

EnergyEnergy

Zero Zero

Environment Operationalized

through a multi-

sectoral / multi-

criteria approach

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Water Management

Water Management

TransportTransport

Urban Agriculture/Fore

stry

Urban Agriculture/Fore

stry

Zero WasteZero

Waste

Cultural HeritageCultural Heritage

Economy Equity

URBAN AGRICULTURE/FORESTRY

Improve agricultural practices to

reduce use of pesticides

ENERGY

EFFICIENCY/RENEWA

BLES

Increase production

of renewable energy

Spatial Dimension

ZERO WASTE

Establish a waste

reduction/

recycling program

in government

offices

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GREEN TRANSPORTATION

Address traffic congestion

CULTURAL HERITAGE

Improve maintenance of

historic properties

WATER MANAGEMENT/

CLIMATE ADAPTATION

Prepare a framework plan for

development along the coast

GREEN

CONSTITUENCY

Establish a Center

for Excellence to

provide research

and training

Water Management

Goal: Protect and enhance the quality of surface and groundwater bodies in Melaka and

protect vulnerable populations and infrastructure from flooding

Key Challenges

• Geography related (Coastal

city, downstream location)

Key Actions

• Watershed plan – long-term water management

• Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Plan (and

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city, downstream location)

• Water quality/flooding

threaten economic

competitiveness, urban

ecology

• Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Plan (and

framework for coastal development)

• Demonstration projects (graywater recycling)

• Expand centralized sewerage system

• Upgrade existing sewage treatment plants

Energy Efficiency &

Renewables

Goal: Reduce GHG emissions through efficiency and

increase in use of renewables in the generation and consumption of electricity

Key Challenges

• In Malaysia >90% of

electricity is generated from

Key Actions

• Prepare a GHG Inventory

• Prepare a Comprehensive Energy Plan

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electricity is generated from

non-renewable sources

• In Melaka, demand for

electricity is expected to

increase by 3-4% annually

• Prepare a Comprehensive Energy Plan

• Prepare a feasibility study to set up a Smart City

demonstration project

• Continue/ scale-up demonstration projects to improve

EE of street lights, official and heritage buildings

Green Transportation

Goal: Increase opportunities for alternative modes

of transportation & reduce GHG emissions from vehicular use

Key Challenges

• Increasing vehicular traffic

(10% between 2010-2011)

Key Actions

• Prepare a tourism related transportation plan

• Develop a program to start converting public fleet to

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(10% between 2010-2011)

• Increasing congestion during

peak tourist days

• Lack of efficient and

coordinated public transit

• Develop a program to start converting public fleet to

fuel-efficient vehicles

• Historic center – Install traffic calming measures;

establish a network of pedestrian and bicycle paths

• Prepare subarea plans to promote urban density that

supports a walkable environment

Solid Waste

Goal: Put Melaka on the path to become a “zero-waste”

city and reduce waste-related GHG emissions

Key Challenges

• Garbage is increasing

• Nearly 2/3rd of the waste is

Key Actions

• Prepare a waste management plan

• Undertake a demonstration project to reduce organic

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• Nearly 2/3rd of the waste is

estimated to be organic

• No waste sorting facility;

recycling just introduced

• Roughly 60% is domestic

waste

• Undertake a demonstration project to reduce organic

waste from a produce market (ONGOING)

• Establish a waste reduction and recycling program in

government offices

• Prepare a feasibility study to develop an Eco-Park

• Engage commercial and industrial facilities in waste

reduction programs

Cultural Heritage

Goal: Promote sustainable tourism to balance needs

of visitors with those of residents, while ensuring

preservation of cultural heritage

Key Challenges

• Maintenance of historic

(private) properties

Key Actions

• Prepare a tourism plan with particular focus on

managing tourist activities in the heritage area

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(private) properties

• Conflicting visions for

heritage area – Functioning

neighborhood or tourist

destination

managing tourist activities in the heritage area

• Prepare a feasibility study to set up a tax increment

financing district

• Prepare a program to upgrade infrastructure and

utilities in the heritage area

• Set up a comprehensive program to offer incentives to

encourage conservation of private properties in the

heritage area

Urban Forestry &

Agriculture

Goal: Protect forests and areas with rich biodiversity,

and improve agricultural practices

Key Challenges

• Habitat loss due to greenfield

and coastal development

Key Actions

• Prepare a detailed GIS-based spatial database of ESAs

• Demonstration project to install a green roof in a

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and coastal development

• Public health concerns

(Pesticides use / Heat island

effect)

• Demonstration project to install a green roof in a

select government building and an apartment building

• Set up a knowledge center / training program to

reduce pesticides and enhance organic farming

• Prepare an open space plan

• Prepare ‘smart growth’ policies as part of the next

Structure Plan for Melaka

Implementation

1. Governance

(Green City Action Plan

Committee)

2. Database

(Green Index)

3. Capacity Building

Melaka State

Government

(Chief Minister)

Melaka Green

Technology Council

Melaka GCAP

Committee

IMT-GT Green

Cities Initiative

Economic

Planning Unit

(EPU) National and state

agencies that share

responsibility for

implementing

GCAP

(SWM, PPSPPA, DOE,

DID, Jab. Partanian,

JPBD, JPJ, MBMB,

UPEN, TNB) 3. Capacity Building

(Urban Management

Partnerships, CIMT Green City

Knowledge Center)

4. Raising Public Awareness

(Long term engagement strategy,

public surveys)

5. Engaging Private Sector

(Knowledge sharing – making a

business case for green, Green

Fund)

Committee Cities Initiative

Melaka Green

Technology

Corporation

Awareness/

Training Unit

Green Project

Implementation/

Monitoring Unit

UPEN, TNB)

Sustainability /

Green Technology

Consulting Team(s)

Implementation (Urban Management

Partnership)Integrated Urban Water Management –

Melaka River Upgrading Phase 2

Explore multi-sectoral initiatives that

collectively could result in:

• A cleaner river (lower treatment costs)

and more optimal use of wastewaters;

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and more optimal use of wastewaters;

• Greener urban environment;

• Reduction of flooding incidences/severity;

• An alternative clean public transportation;

• A platform for all stakeholders to learn,

engage and collaborate in further

enhancements of their river.

Outcome: Environmental Quality Enhanced

Outcome: Economic Competitiveness Strengthened

Outcome: Larger Constituency Supports Green

Activities

Private developersSmall business owners Private developersSmall business owners

School aged children

Labor force

Tourists & Tour Operators

For More Information:For More Information:For More Information:For More Information:

Amit Amit Amit Amit ProthiProthiProthiProthi

ConsultantConsultantConsultantConsultant, Asian Development , Asian Development , Asian Development , Asian Development BankBankBankBank

Amit.Prothi@gmail.comAmit.Prothi@gmail.comAmit.Prothi@gmail.comAmit.Prothi@gmail.com

BalamuruganBalamuruganBalamuruganBalamurugan RathaRathaRathaRatha KrishnanKrishnanKrishnanKrishnan

Deputy Director, Center for IMTDeputy Director, Center for IMTDeputy Director, Center for IMTDeputy Director, Center for IMT----GTGTGTGT

balamurugan@imtgt.orgbalamurugan@imtgt.orgbalamurugan@imtgt.orgbalamurugan@imtgt.org