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TG/11/1 Tarikh : 05 Mei 2009 Date : 05 May 2009

GARIS PANDUAN KEBANGSAAN UNTUK MENJALANKAN UJIAN

KELAINAN, KESERAGAMAN DAN KESTABILAN

NATIONAL GUIDELINES

FOR THE CONDUCT OF TESTS

FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY

Nama Lain: Alternative Names:

Nama Botani Botanical Name

Nama Tempatan Local Name

Nama Biasa Common Name

Oryza sativa L. Padi Padi

Rice, Paddy

JABATAN PERTANIAN MALAYSIA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MALAYSIA

MEI 2009 MAY 2009

PADI RICE

(Oryza sativa L.)

i

JADUAL KANDUNGAN TABLE OF CONTENT

HLM. PAGE

1.0 SUBJEK GARIS PANDUAN UJIAN SUBJECT OF THESE TEST GUIDELINES

1

2.0 BAHAN YANG DIPERLUKAN MATERIAL REQUIRED

1

3.0 KAEDAH PEMERIKSAAN METHOD OF EXAMINATION

3.1 Bilangan Kitaran Pertumbuhan Number of Growing Cycles

2

3.2 Tempat Ujian Testing Place

2

3.3 Keadaan bagi Menjalankan Pemeriksaan Conditions for Conducting the Examination

3

3.4 Reka Bentuk Ujian Test Design

4

3.5 Bilangan Pokok/ Bahagian Pokok untuk Diperiksa Number of Plants / Parts of Plants to be Examined

4

3.6 Ujian Tambahan Additional Tests

4

4.0 PENILAIAN KELAINAN, KESERAGAMAN DAN KESTABILAN ASSESSMENT OF DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY

4.1 Kelainan Distinctness

5

4.2 Keseragaman Uniformity

6

4.3 Kestabilan Stability

7

5.0

PENGELOMPOKAN VARIETI DAN PERANCANGAN & PELAKSANAAN UJIAN PENANAMAN GROUPING OF VARIETIES AND ORGANIZATION OF THE GROWING TRIAL

7

6.0 PENGENALAN KEPADA JADUAL CIRI INTRODUCTION TO THE TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS

6.1 Kategori Ciri Categories of Characteristics

8

6.2 Tahap Ekspresi dan Catatan yang Berkaitan States of Expression and Corresponding Notes

9

6.3 Jenis Ekspresi Types of Expression

9

6.4 Varieti Contoh Example Varieties

9

ii

6.5 Petunjuk Legend

10

7.0 PENJELASAN JADUAL CIRI EXPLANATIONS ON THE TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS

10

8.0 JADUAL CIRI TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS

18

9.0 RUJUKAN LITERATURE

50

10.0 BORANG SOAL SELIDIK TEKNIKAL TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE

51

11.0 PENGHARGAAN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

60

1

1.0 SUBJEK GARIS PANDUAN UJIAN SUBJECT OF THESE TEST GUIDELINES

Garis panduan ini digunakan bagi semua varieti Oryza sativa L.

These Test Guidelines apply to all varieties of Oryza sativa L.

2.0 BAHAN YANG DIPERLUKAN MATERIAL REQUIRED

2.1. Pihak yang kompeten memutuskan kuantiti dan kualiti bahan tanaman yang diperlukan bagi pengujian varieti serta bila dan di mana bahan tanaman itu perlu dihantar. Pemohon yang menyerahkan bahan dari Negeri selain negeri di mana ujian dijalankan mestilah memastikan semua formaliti kastam dan keperluan fitosanitari telah dipatuhi. The competent authority decides on the quantity and quality of the plant

material required for testing the variety and when and where it is to be delivered.

Applicants submitting material from a State other than that in which the testing takes

place must ensure that all customs formalities and phytosanitary requirements are

complied with.

2.2 Bahan perlulah dibekalkan dalam bentuk biji benih. The material is to be supplied in the form of seed.

2.3. Kuantiti minimum bahan tanaman untuk dibekalkan oleh pemohon, seharusnya

The minimum quantity of plant material, to be supplied by the applicant, should

be:

2.3.1 Umum General

2 kg

2.3.2 Varieti Hibrid Hybrid varieties

Jika diminta, 2 kg lagi biji benih bagi setiap komponen seharusnya diserahkan.

If requested, an additional 2 kg of seed of each component should be submitted. 2.3.3 Bulir Panicles

Jika diminta oleh pihak berkuasa yang cekap, sekurang-kurangnya 100 bulir seharusnya juga diserahkan. Bulir seharusnya terbentuk baik dan jelas tidak terjejas oleh apa-apa perosak atau penyakit. Bulir seharusnya mengandungi bilangan biji benih sihat dan mencukupi untuk membentuk baris tumbuhan yang sesuai bagi pemerhatian.

2

If requested by the competent authority, at least 100 panicles should also be

submitted. The panicles should be well developed and not obviously affected by any pest or disease.

They should contain a sufficient number of viable seeds to establish a satisfactory row of plants for

observation.

2.4 Biji benih seharusnya memenuhi keperluan minimum bagi percambahan seperti yang dinyatakan dalam dokumen MS Standard MS: 469:1993, ketulenan spesies dan secara analisis, kesihatan dan kandungan lembapan, yang ditentukan oleh pihak yang kompeten. Dalam kes apabila biji benih akan disimpan, keupayaan percambahan seharusnya setinggi yang mungkin dan seharusnya dinyatakan oleh pemohon. The seed should meet the minimum requirements for germination as stated in document

of MS Standard MS: 469:1993, species and analytical purity, health and moisture content,

specified by the competent authority. In cases where the seed is to be stored, the germination

capacity should be as high as possible and should be stated by the applicant.

2.5. Biji benih yang dibekalkan seharusnya kelihatan sihat, cergas dan tiada kesan kerosakan akibat daripada mana- mana perosak atau penyakit yang berbahaya. The seed supplied should be visibly healthy, not lacking in vigour, nor affected by

any important pest or disease.

2.6 Biji benih tidak seharusnya melalui apa-apa rawatan yang mungkin menjejaskan ekspresi ciri varieti, melainkan pihak yang kompeten membenarkan atau meminta rawatan itu dilakukan. Sekiranya biji benih telah dirawat, butir-butir penuh tentang rawatan mestilah diberikan.

The seed should not have undergone any treatment which would affect the expression of

the characteristics of the variety, unless the competent authority allows or requests such

treatment. If it has been treated, full details of the treatment must be given.

3.0 KAEDAH PEMERIKSAAN METHOD OF EXAMINATION

3.1 Bilangan Kitaran Pertumbuhan Number of Growing Cycles

Tempoh minimum bagi ujian seharusnya dua kitaran pertumbuhan.

The minimum duration of tests should normally be two independent growing

cycles.

3.2 Tempat Ujian Testing Place

Biasanya ujian dijalankan di satu tempat. Jika ujian dijalankan di lebih daripada satu tempat, garis panduan diberi dalam dokumen UPOV TGP/9: Examining Distinctness.

Tests are normally conducted at one place. In the case of tests conducted at more

than one place, guidance is provided in UPOV document TGP/9: Examining

3

Distinctness.

3.3. Keadaan bagi Menjalankan Pemeriksaan Conditions for Conducting the Examination

3.3.1 Ujian seharusnya dijalankan di bawah keadaan yang memastikan pertumbuhan adalah memuaskan bagi ekspresi ciri varieti yang berkaitan dan bagi pemeriksaan yang dijalankan.

The tests should be carried out under conditions ensuring satisfactory growth for

the expression of the relevant characteristics of the variety and for the conduct of the

examination.

3.3.2 Peringkat tumbesaran bagi penilaian Stage of development for the assessment

Peringkat tumbesaran yang optimum bagi penilaian setiap ciri ditunjukkan oleh huruf/nombor dalam kolum kedua Jadual Ciri. Peringkat tumbesaran yang ditandakan oleh setiap huruf/nombor diperihalkan dalam Bab 7.0.

The optimal stage of development for the assessment of each characteristic is indicated

by a letter/number in the second column of the Table of Characteristics. The stages of

development denoted by each letter/number are described at Chapter 7.0.

3.3.3 Jenis pemerhatian Type of observation

Kaedah pemerhatian ciri yang disyorkan diberikan oleh petunjuk berikut dalam kolum kedua Jadual Ciri.

The recommended method of observing the characteristic is indicated by the following

key in the second column of the Table of Characteristics:

MG: satu pengukuran ke atas sekumpulan tanaman atau bahagian tanaman single measurement of a group of plants or parts of plants

MS: pengukuran beberapa tanaman atau bahagian tanaman secara individu measurement of a number of individual plants or parts of plants

VG: penilaian visual dengan satu pemerhatian ke atas sekumpulan tanaman atau

bahagian tanaman visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants or parts of plants

VS: penilaian visual dengan memerhati setiap tanaman atau bahagian tanaman visual assessment by observation of individual plants or parts of plants

4

3.4. Reka Bentuk Ujian Test Design

3.4.1 Setiap ujian seharusnya direka bagi menghasilkan jumlah sekurang-kurangnya 1500 tanaman yang seharusnya dibahagikan kepada dua replikasi atau lebih. Each test should be designed to result in a total of, at least 1500 plants, which should be

devided between two or more replicates.

Bulir sebaris: Jika ujian ke atas barisan bulir dijalankan, sekurang-kurangnya 50 baris bulir seharusnya diperhatikan. Single panicle-rows: If tests on panicle-rows are conducted, at least 50 panicle-rows

should be observed.

3.4.2 Reka bentuk ujian seharusnya sebegitu rupa supaya tanaman atau bahagian tanaman boleh diasingkan untuk diukur atau dikira tanpa menjejaskan pemerhatian yang selanjutnya. The design of the tests should be such that plants or parts of plants may be removed for

measurement or counting without prejudice to the observation which must be made up to the end

of the growing cycle.

3.5. Bilangan Pokok / Bahagian Pokok untuk Diperiksa Number of Plants / Parts of Plants to be Examined

Kecuali dinyatakan sebaliknya, semua pemerhatian mestilah dibuat pada 20 tanaman atau bahagian tanaman yang diambil setiap satu daripada 20 tanaman.

Unless otherwise indicated, all observations should be made on 20 plants or parts taken

from each of 20 plants.

3.6. Ujian Tambahan Additional Tests

Ujian tambahan, untuk memeriksa ciri berkaitan, boleh diperiksa bila atau di mana perlu seperti yang berikut: Additional tests, for examining relevant characteristics, may be examined when/ where

necessary as follows:

(a) Kerintangan terhadap penyakit karah - ciri 61 Resistance to blast - characteristics 61

(b) Kerintangan terhadap PMV - ciri 62 Resistance to PMV - characteristics 62

(c) Kerintangan terhadap benah perang - ciri 63

Resistance to brown plant hopper - characteristics 63

5

(d) Kerintangan terhadap hawar upih - ciri 64 Resistance to sheath blight – characteristics 64

(e) Kerintangan terhadap hawar daun bakteria - ciri 65

Resistance to bacteria leaf blight - characteristics 65

4.0 PENILAIAN KELAINAN, KESERAGAMAN DAN KESTABILAN ASSESSMENT OF DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY

4.1. Kelainan Distinctness

4.1.1 Syor Umum General Recommendations

Amat penting bagi pengguna Garis Panduan Ujian ini untuk merujuk Dokumen UPOV TGP 1/3: General Introduction sebelum membuat keputusan berkenaan dengan kelainan. Walau bagaimanapun, perkara berikut diberikan bagi huraian lebih lanjut atau penekanan dalam Garis Panduan ini.

It is of particular importance for users of these Test Guidelines to consult the UPOV

document TGP 1/3: General Introduction prior to making decisions regarding distinctness.

However, the following points are provided for elaboration or emphasis in these Test Guidelines.

4.1.2 Perbezaan yang Konsisten Consistent Differences

Sekiranya perbezaan yang diperhatikan antara varieti amat jelas, satu kitaran pertumbuhan adalah mencukupi. Selain itu, dalam sesetengah keadaan sekiranya tidak terdapat perbezaan yang jelas yang mungkin disebabkan oleh faktor persekitaran, lebih daripada satu kitaran pertumbuhan diperlukan untuk memberikan kepastian bahawa perbezaan yang diperhatikan antara varieti supaya cukup konsisten. Satu cara untuk memastikan perbezaan dalam satu ciri yang diperhatikan dalam satu ujian penanaman cukup konsisten adalah dengan memeriksa ciri pada sekurang-kurangnya dua kitaran pertumbuhan yang bebas.

The differences observed between varieties may be so clear that more than one growing

cycle is not necessary. In addition, in some circumstances, the influence of the environment is not

such that more than a single growing cycle is required to provide assurance that the differences

observed between varieties are sufficiently consistent. One means of ensuring that a difference in

a characteristic, observed in a growing trial, is sufficiently consistent is to examine the

characteristic in at least two independent growing cycles.

4.1.3 Perbezaan Jelas Clear Differences

Menentukan sama ada sesuatu perbezaan antara dua varieti adalah jelas atau tidak bergantung pada banyak faktor, dan seharusnya mengambil kira terutamanya jenis ekspresi ciri yang diperiksa, iaitu sama ada ciri itu diekspresikan dalam cara kualitatif, kuantitatif, atau pseudokualitatif. Justeru itu, penting bagi pengguna Garis

6

Panduan Ujian ini untuk mengetahui syor yang terkandung dalam Dokumen UPOV TGP 1/3: General Introduction sebelum membuat keputusan berkenaan dengan kelainan.

Determining whether a difference between two varieties is clear depends on many

factors, and should consider, in particular, the type of expression of the characteristic being

examined, i.e. whether it is expressed in a qualitative, quantitative, or pseudo-qualitative

manner. Therefore, it is important that users of these Test Guidelines are familiar with the

recommendations contained in the UPOV document TGP 1/3: General Introduction prior to

making decisions regarding distinctness.

4.2 Keseragaman Uniformity

4.2.1 Amat penting bagi pengguna Garis Panduan Ujian ini untuk merujuk Dokumen UPOV TGP 1/3: General Introduction sebelum membuat keputusan berkenaan dengan keseragaman. Walau bagaimanapun, perkara berikut diberikan sebagai huraian lebih lanjut atau penekanan dalam Garis Panduan ini. It is of particular importance for users of these Test Guidelines to consult the UPOV

document TGP 1/3: General Introduction prior to making decisions regarding uniformity.

However, the following points are provided for elaboration or emphasis in these Test

Guidelines.

4.2.2 Varieti terdebunga sendiri Self- pollinated varieties

(a) Petak: Bagi penilaian keseragaman ciri pada petak secara keseluruhan, piawai populasi sebanyak 1 % dan kebarangkalian penerimaan sekurang-kurangnya 95% seharusnya digunakan. Dalam kes saiz sampel 1,500 tumbuhan, bilangan maksimum jenis ganjil dibenarkan ialah 4.

Plots: For the assessment of uniformity of characteristics on the plot as a whole, a

population standard of 0.1% with an acceptance probability of at least 95% should be applied. In the

case of a sample size of 1,500 plants the maximum number of off-types allowed would be 4.

(b) Bulir sebaris: Bagi penilaiaan keseragaman ciri pada bulir sebaris, tumbuhan atau bahan tumbuhan, piawai populasi sebanyak 1 % dan kebarangkalian penerimaan sekurang- kurangnya 95% seharusnya digunakan. Dalam kes saiz sampel 50 baris bulir, bilangan maksimum jenis aberan yang dibenarkan seharusnya tidak lebih daripada 2.

Single panicle-rows: For the assessment of uniformity of characteristics on single

panicle-rows, plants or parts of plants, a population standard of 1% with an acceptance probability

of at least 95% should be applied. In the case of a sample size of 50 panicle rows, the maximum

number of aberrant panicle-rows should not exceed 2.

4.2.3 Varieti Hibrid Hybrid Varieties

Bagi penilaian keseragaman hibrid sehala, piawai populasi sebanyak 1 % dan kebarangkalian penerimaan sekurang-kurangnya 95% seharusnya digunakan. Dalam

7

kes saiz sampel 1,500 tumbuhan, bilangan maksimum jenis ganjil yang dibenarkan ialah 39.

For the assessment of uniformity of single hybrids, a population standard of % with an

acceptance probability of at least 95% should be applied. In the case of a sample size of 1500

plants the maximum number of off- types allowed would be 39.

4.3 Kestabilan Stability

4.3.1 Secara praktikalnya, ujian kestabilan adalah jarang dijalankan bagi menghasilkan keputusan yang begitu pasti seperti keputusan ujian kelainan dan keseragaman. Namun begitu, pengalaman menunjukkan bahawa bagi kebanyakan jenis varieti, apabila sesuatu varieti terbukti seragam, ia boleh dianggap sebagai stabil. In practice, it is not usual to perform tests of stability that produce results as certain as

those of the testing of distinctness and uniformity. However, experience has demonstrated that, for

many types of variety, when a variety has been shown to be uniform, it can also be considered to

be stable.

4.3.2 Apabila sesuai atau jika terdapat keraguan, kestabilan boleh diuji, sama ada dengan menanam generasi selanjutnya, atau dengan menguji stok biji benih yang baru untuk memastikan tanaman itu menunjukkan ciri yang sama seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh bahan yang dibekalkan sebelumnya.

Where appropriate, or in cases of doubt, stability may be tested, either by growing a

further generation, or by testing a new seed stock to ensure that it exhibits the same characteristics

as those shown by the previous material supplied.

5.0 PENGELOMPOKAN VARIETI DAN PERANCANGAN & PELAKSANAAN UJIAN PENANAMAN

GROUPING OF VARIETIES AND ORGANIZATION OF THE GROWING TRIAL

5.1 Pemilihan varieti yang diketahui umum untuk ditanam dalam ujian bersama-sama varieti calon dan cara varieti ini dibahagikan kepada kelompok bagi memudahkan penilaian kelainan, dibantu oleh penggunaan ciri pengelompokan. The selection of varieties of common knowledge to be grown in the trial with the candidate

varieties and the way in which these varieties are divided into groups to facilitate the assessment

of distinctness are aided by the use of grouping characteristics.

5.2 Ciri pengelompokan ialah ciri yang keadaan ekspresinya telah didokumenkan walaupun dihasilkan di lokasi berlainan, boleh digunakan sama ada secara berasingan atau secara gabungan dengan ciri lain: Grouping characteristics are those in which the documented states of expression, even

where produced at different locations, can be used, either individually or in combination with

other such characteristics:

8

(a) untuk memilih varieti yang diketahui umum yang boleh dikecualikan dalam ujian penanaman yang digunakan bagi memeriksa kelainan; dan to select varieties of common knowledge that can be excluded from the growing trial used

for examination of distinctness; and

(b) untuk mengaturkan ujian penanaman supaya varieti yang serupa dikelompokkan bersama. to organize the growing trial so that similar varieties are grouped together.

5.3 Yang berikut telah dipersetujui sebagai ciri pengelompokan yang sesuai:

The following have been agreed as useful grouping characteristics:

(a) Daun: pewarnaan antosianin pada aurikel (ciri 9) Leaf: anthocyanin coloration of auricles (characteristic 9)

(b) Masa berbunga (50% tumbuhan mempunyai bunga) (ciri 19) Time of heading (50% of plants with heads) (characteristic 19)

(c) Varieti tak melata sahaja: Batang: panjang (tidak termasuk bulir) (ciri 26) Non-prostrate varieties only: Stem: length (excluding panicle) (characteristic 26)

(d) Padi ternyah koteks: panjang (ciri 53)

Decorticated grain: length (characteristic 53)

(e) Padi ternyah koteks: warna (ciri 56) Decorticated grain: colour (characteristic 56)

(f) Padi ternyah koteks: aroma (ciri 60) Decorticated grain: aroma (characteristic 60)

5.4 Garis panduan bagi penggunaan ciri pengelompokan, dalam proses memeriksa kelainan, diberi dalam Dokumen UPOV TGP 1/3: General Introduction.

Guidance for the use of grouping characteristics, in the process of examining distinctness,

is provided through the UPOV document TGP 1/3: General Introduction.

6.0 PENGENALAN KEPADA JADUAL CIRI INTRODUCTION TO THE TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS

6.1 Kategori Ciri Categories of Characteristics

6.1.1 Ciri Garis Panduan Ujian Nasional National Test Guidelines Characteristics

Ciri Garis Panduan Ujian Nasional ini merupakan ciri yang diubahsuai daripada Garis Panduan Ujian Piawai UPOV bagi pemeriksaan DUS.

9

National Test Guidelines characteristics are those which are adopted from UPOV

Standard Test Guidelines for examination of DUS.

6.1.2 Ciri Bertanda Asterisk Asterisked Characteristics

Ciri bertanda asterisk ditandakan dengan (*) ialah ciri yang termasuk dalam

Garis Panduan Ujian yang merupakan ciri penting bagi penyelarasan deskripsi varieti pada peringkat antarabangsa dan seharusnya selalu diperiksa untuk DUS, dan dimasukkan dalam deskripsi varieti, kecuali apabila keadaan ekspresi ciri yang sebelumnya atau keadaan persekitaran kawasan menjadikannya tidak sesuai.

Asterisked characteristics (denoted by *) are those included in the Test Guidelines which

are important for the international harmonization of variety descriptions and should always be

examined for DUS and included in the variety description, except when the state of expression

of a preceding characteristic or regional environmental conditions render this inappropriate.

6.2 Tahap Ekpresi dan Catatan yang Berkaitan States of Expression and Corresponding Notes

Tahap ekspresi diberi bagi setiap ciri untuk menjelaskan ciri dan untuk menyelaraskan deskripsi. Setiap tahap ekspresi diperuntukkan catatan berangka yang sepadan bagi memudahkan merekod data dan bagi penerbitan serta pertukaran deskripsi.

States of expression are given for each characteristic to define the characteristic and to

harmonize descriptions. Each state of expression is allocated a corresponding numerical note for

ease of recording of data and for the production and exchange of the description.

6.3 Jenis Ekspresi Types of Expression

Penerangan tentang jenis ekspresi ciri (kualitatif, kuantitatif dan pseudokualitatif) diberi dalam Dokumen UPOV TGP 1/3: General Introduction.

An explanation of the types of expression of characteristics (qualitative, quantitative and

pseudo-qualitative) is provided in the UPOV document TGP 1/3: General Introduction.

6.4 Varieti Contoh Example Varieties

Di mana sesuai, varieti contoh diberi untuk menjelaskan keadaan ekspresi setiap ciri.

Where appropriate, example varieties are provided to clarify the states of expression of

each characteristic.

6.5 Petunjuk Legend

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(*) Ciri bertanda asterisk – lihat Bab 6.1.2 Asterisked characteristic – see Chapter 6.1.2

QL Ciri kualitatif – lihat Bab 6.3 Qualitative characteristic – see Chapter 6.3 QN Ciri kuantitatif – lihat Bab 6.3 Quantitative characteristic – see Chapter 6.3 PQ Ciri pseudokualitatif – lihat Bab 6.3 Pseudo-Qualitative characteristic – see Chapter 6.3

MG: lihat bahagian 3.3.3 see section 3.3.3

MS: lihat bahagian 3.3.3 see section 3.3.3

VG: lihat bahagian 3.3.3 see section 3.3.3

VS: lihat bahagian 3.3.3 see section 3.3.3

(00) – (99) & (T1) – (T9) Lihat Penjelasan meliputi beberapa ciri dalam Bab 7.0. See Explanations Ccvering Several Characteristics in Chapter 7.0.

(+) Lihat Penerangan bagi setiap ciri dalam Bab 8.0. See Explanations For Individual Characteristics in Chapter 8.0.

U Nombor rujukan bagi ciri dalam garis panduan UPOV Reference number of characteristics in UPOV test guidelines

7.0 PENJELASAN JADUAL CIRI EXPLANATIONS ON THE TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS

Penerangan meliputi beberapa ciri Explanations covering several characteristics

Ciri yang mengandungi petunjuk berikut dalam lajur kedua Jadual Ciri seharusnya diperiksa seperti yang diberikan di bawah ini:

Characteristics containing the following key in the second column of the Table of Characteristics

should be examined as indicated below:

11

09 Daun betul-betul pada hujung

koleoptil

Leaf just at coleoptile tip

Pertumbuhan anak benih

Seedling growth

10 Daun pertama menembusi

koleoptil

First leaf through coleoptile

}

} 1 Daun kedua kelihatan (kurang daripada 1

cm)

Second leaf visible (less than 1 cm)

11 Daun pertama terbuka (1)

First leaf unfolded (1)

}

12 2 daun terbuka

2 leaves unfolded

}

* Dihasilkan semula daripada EUCARPIA Buletin No. 7, hlm. 49-52, dengan kebenaran

pengarang. Untuk maklumat lanjut, rujuk J.C. Chang dan C.F.Konzak, EUCARPIA Buletin

No. 7, 1974, hlm. 42-52.

Reproduces from EUCARPIA Bulletin No. 7, 1974, pages 49-52, with the kind permission of the

authors. For further information, see J.C. Chang and C.F. Konzak, EUCARPIA Bulletin No. 7,

1974, pages 42-52.

12

Kod 2

Digit

2-digit

Code

Keterangan Umum

General Description

Skala

Feekes

Feekes'

Scale

Catatan Tambahan tentang Gandum, Barli,

Rai, Oat dan Padi

Additional Remarks on Wheat, Barley, Rye,

Oats and Rice

45 Padi bunting bengkak

Boots swollen }

Peringkat bunting lewat

Late-boot stage

46

47 Upih daun bulir terbuka

Flag leaf sheath opening }

48 }

49 Jejanggut pertama kelihatan

First awns visible } 10.1

Dalam bentuk berjejanggut sahaja

In awned forms only

}

Kemunculan jambak bunga

Inflorescence emergence }

}

50}

Spikelet pertama jambak bunga

baru sahaja kelihatan } N}

N= tanaman tak segerak

N= non-synchronous crops

51}

First spikelet of inflorescence just

visible} S}

S= tanaman segera

S= synchronous crops

52 } } N

}

¼ jambak bunga muncul

¼ of inflorescence emerged }

10.2

53 } } S

54 } } N

}

½ jambak bunga muncul

¼ of inflorescence emerged }

10.3

55 } } S

56 } N

} ¾ jambak bunga muncul

¾ of inflorescence emerged}

10.4

57 } } S

58 } N

Kemunculan jambak bunga

Emergence of inflorescence }

10.5

59 } selesai

completed}

S

Antesis

Anthesis

60}

Permulaan antesis

Beginning of anthesis}

N

} } 10.51

13

Kod 2

Digit

2-digit

Code

Keterangan Umum

General Description

Skala

Feekes

Feekes'

Scale


Rai, Oat dan Padi


Oats and Rice

61 } } S Tidak mudah boleh dikesan dalam barli.

Pada padi: selalunya serta-merta

62 selepas pembungaan

Not easily detectable in barley.

In rice: usually immediately

following heading

63

64 } } N

} Antesis separuh jalan

Anthesis half-way

} 10.52

65 } } S

66

67

68 } } N

} Antesis selesai

Anthesis complete

} 10.53

69 } } S

Pembentukan enceran

Milk development

70

71 Karopsis berair apabila masak

Caryopsis watery ripe

10.54

72

73 Enceran awal

early milk }

74 }

75 Enceran pertengahan } 11.1 } Peningkatan pepejal ketara dalam

Medium milk } } cecair endosperma apabila kariopsis

} } dihancurkan dengan jari

Increase in solids of liquid endosperm

notable when crushing the caryopsis

76 between fingers

77 Enceran lewat

Late milk }

78

79

Pembentukan doh

Dough development

80

81

82

83 Doh awal

Early dough }

Kesan kuku tak bertahan

Fingernail impression not held.

84 }

14

Kod 2

Digit

2-digit

Code

Keterangan Umum

General Description

Skala

Feekes

Feekes'

Scale


Rai, Oat dan Padi


Oats and Rice

85 Doh lembut

Soft dough}

11.2

86 }

87 Doh keras

Hard dough}

88 Kesan kuku bertahan, jambak bunga

kehilangan klorofil

Fingernail impression held, inflorescence

losing chlorophyll

89

Kemasakan

Ripening

90 Pada padi: spikelet hujung sudah masak

In rice: Terminal spikelets ripened

91 Kariopsis keras (sukar nak

dibahagi dengan kuku ibu jari)

(3)

Caryopsis hard (difficult to divide

by thumbnail) (3)

11.3

Pada padi: 50% spikelet sudah masak

In rice: 50% of spikelets ripened

92 Kariopsis keras (tidak lagi boleh

dilekukkan dengan ibu jari) (4)

Caryopsis hard (can no longer be

dented by thumbnail) (4)

11.4 Pada padi: lebih daripada 90% spikelet

sudah masak (5)

In rice: Over 90% spikelets ripened (5)

93 Kariopsis terlerai pada siang hari

Caryopsis loosening in daytime

Risiko padi hilang kerana luruh

Risk of grain loss by shedding

94 Ranum, jerami mati dan tumbang

Over-ripe, straw dead and

collapsing

95 Biji benih dorman

Seed dormant

96 Biji benih sihat menghasilkan

50% percambahan

Viable seed giving 50% germination

97 Biji benih tak dorman

Seed not dormant

98 Kedormanan sekunder teraruh

Secondary dormancy induced

99 Kedormanan sekunder lenyap

Secondary dormancy lost

15

Kod 2

Digit

2-digit

Code

Keterangan Umum

General Description

Skala

Feekes

Feekes'

Scale


Rai, Oat dan Padi


Oats and Rice

Pengubahan dan Mendapatkan

Semula (padi sahaja)

Transplanting and recovery (rice

only)

T1 Mencabut anak benih

Uprooting of seedling

T2

T3 Pengakaran

Rooting

T4 T5

T6

T7 Mendapatkan semula pucuk

Recovery of shoots

T8

T9 Bermula semula pertumbuhan

vegetatif

Resumtion of vegetative growth

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Kemasakan untuk mesin penuai kombin (kandungan air <16%)

Ripeness for combine harvester (<16% water content)

Masa optimum untuk menuai

Optimum harvest time

Catatan tentang Jadual

Notes on the table

Peringkat inokulasi anak benih dengan inokulan karat di rumah tanaman/ hijau

Stage of seedling inoculation with the rust in the greenhouse

Hanya boleh digunakan bagi bijirin dengan tabiat pertumbuhan awal melata atau separa

melata.

Only application to cereals with a prostrate or semi-prostrate early growth habit

Kemasakan untuk bahan penambat (kandungan air kira-kira 16%). Sebahagian besar klorofil

jambak bunga lenyap.

Ripeness for binder (ca. 16% water content). Chlorophyll of inflorescence largely lost.

16

8.0 JADUAL CIRI TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE

VARIETI CONTOH EXAMPLE

VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

1. (+) QN

U: (1)

VS

(10)

Koleoptil: pewarnaan antosianin Coleoptile: anthocyanin coloration

tiada atau amat lemah absent or very weak

lemah weak

kuat strong

1

2

3

Tamb.(1): Koleoptil: pewarnaan antosianin Ad.(1): Coleoptile: anthocyanin coloration

Biji tak dorman diletak di atas kertas turas lembap dan ditutup dengan penutup piring petri semasa percambahan. Selepas koleoptil mencapai panjang lebih kurang 5 mm di bawah kegelapan, koleoptil diletak di bawah cahaya buatan (setara dengan cahaya siang) pada 750-1250 luks secara berterusan selama 3 hingga 4 hari, pada suhu 25 hingga 30 oC. Warna koleoptil diperhatikan apabila sudah terbentuk sepenuhnya pada peringkat 09-11 (lebih kurang 6 hingga 7 hari).

Non-dormant grains are placed on moistened filter paper and covered with a petri-dish lid during germination.

After the coleoptiles have reached a length of about 5 mm in darkness they are placed in artificial light (daylight

equivalent) at 750-1250 lux continuously for 3 to 4 days, at a temperature of 25 to 30 oC. The colour of the

coleoptiles is observed when they are fully developed at stage 09-11 (about 6 to 7 days).

2.

PQ

U: (2)

VS

(40)

Daun pangkal: warna upih Basal leaf: sheath colour

hijau green

hijau dengan garis-garis ungu green with purple lines

ungu muda light purple

ungu purple

1

2

3

4

3.

QN

U: (3)

VG

(40)

Daun: keamatan warna hijau Leaf: intensity of green colour

terang light

sederhana medium

gelap dark

3

5

7

17

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

4.

QN

U: (4)

VG

(40)

Daun: pewarnaan antosianin Leaf: anthocyanin coloration

tiada absent

ada present

1

9

5.

PQ

U: (5)

VG

(40)

Daun: taburan warna antosianin Leaf: distribution of anthocyanin

coloration

pada hujung sahaja on tips only

pada pinggiran sahaja on margins only

bertompok-tompok sahaja in blotches only

1

2

3

6.

QL

U: (6)

VG

(40)

Daun upih: pewarnaan antosianin Leaf sheath: anthocyanin

coloration

tiada absent

ada present

1

9

7.

QN

U: (7)

VG

(40)

Daun upih: keamatan warna antosianin Leaf sheath: intensity of

anthocyanin coloration

amat lemah very weak

lemah weak

sederhana medium

kuat strong

1

3

5

7

8.

QN

U: (8)

VS

(40)

Daun: pubesen pada permukaan Leaf blade: pubescence of surface

amat lemah very weak

lemah weak

sederhana medium

kuat strong

1

3

5

7

18

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

9. (*)

QL

U: (9)

VS

(40)

Daun: pewarnaan antosianin aurikel Leaf: anthocyanin coloration of

auricles

tiada absent

ada present

1

9

10.

QL

U: (10)

VS

(40)

Daun: pewarnaan antosianin kolar Leaf: anthocyanin coloration of

collar

tiada absent

ada present

1

9

11. (+)

PQ

U: (11)

VS

(40)

Daun: bentuk ligul Leaf: shape of ligule

kontot truncate

akut acute

lekuk cleft

1

2

3

Tamb. (11): Daun: bentuk ligul Ad. (11): Leaf: shape of ligule

1 kontot

truncate

2 akut acute

3 lekuk cleft

19

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

12.

PQ

U: (12)

VS

(40)

Daun: warna ligul Leaf: colour of ligule

tanpa warna colorless

hijau green

hijau dengan garis-garis ungu green with purple lines


ungu purple

1

2

3

4

5

13.

QN

U: (13)

MS

(40)

Lai daun: panjang Leaf blade: length

pendek short

medium

sederhana

long panjang

3

5

7

14.

QN

U: (14)

MS

(40)

Lai daun: lebar Leaf blade: width

sempit narrow

sederhana medium

lebar broad

3 5 7

15. (*) (+)

QN

U: (15)

VG

(60)

Daun bulir: sifat lai (pemerhatian awal) Flag leaf: attitude of blade (early

observation)

tegak erect

separa tegak semi-erect

mendatar horizontal

melengkung ke belakang recurved

1 3 5 7

20

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

16. (*) (+)

QN

U: (16)

VG

(90)

Daun bulir: sifat lai (pemerhatian lewat) Flag leaf: attitude of blade (late

observation)

tegak erect


mendatar horizontal

melengkung ke belakang recurved

1 3 5 7

Tamb. (15): Daun bulir: sifat lai (pemerhatian awal) Ad. (15): Flag leaf: attitude of blade (early observation)

Tamb. (16): Daun bulir: sifat lai (pemerhatian lewat) Ad. (16): Flag leaf: attitude of blade (late observation)

17. (+)

PQ

U: (17)

VS

(40)

Kulma: tabiat Culm: habit

tegak erect


terbuka open

mengembang spreading melata prostrate

1 3 5 7 9

1 tegak erect

3 separa tegak

semi-erect

5 mendatar horizontal

7 melengkung ke belakang

recurved

21

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

Tamb. (17): Kulma: tabiat Ad. (17): Culm: habit

18. (+)

QL

U: (18)

VS

(40)

Varieti melata sahaja: Kulma: keupayaan melutut Prostrate varieties only: Culm:

kneeing ability

tiada absent

ada present

1 9

1 tegak erect

3 separa tegak

semi-erect

5 terbuka

open

7 mengembang

spreading

9 melata

prostrate

22

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

Tamb. (18): Varieti melata sahaja: Kulma: keupayaan melutut Ad. (18): Prostrate varieties only: Culm: kneeing ability

Keupayaan melutut salah satu ciri paling penting bagi padi jenis apung. Selepas jatuh tertiarap disebabkan aliran air yang menyurut, batang varieti yang mempunyai keupayaan melutut akan mula tumbuh tegak, dengan 3 hingga 4 buku dan menghasilkan bulir. Kneeing ability is one of the most important characteristics for deep water/floating types of rice. After falling flat

due to receding water flow, the stems of varieties with kneeing ability start to grow upright with 3 to 4 nodes and

bear panicles.

19. (*)

QN

U: (19)

VG

(55)

Masa berbunga (50% tumbuhan mempunyai bunga ) Time of heading (50% of plants

with heads)

amat awal very early

awal early

sederhana medium

lewat late

1 3 5 7

20. (+)

PQ

U: (20)

VS/

MS

(60)

Kemandulan jantan Male sterility

tiada absent

separa mandul jantan partially male sterile

mandul jantan male sterile

1 2 3

23

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

Tamb. (20): Kemandulan jantan Ad. (20): Male sterility

tiada kurang daripada 25 % debunga mandul 1 absent less than 25 % sterile pollen

separa mandul jantan 25 hingga 95 % debunga mandul 2 partially male sterile 25 to 95 % sterile pollen

mandul jantan lebih daripada 95 % debunga mandul 3 male sterile more than 95 % sterile pollen

21. (+)

QN

U: (21)

VS (65)

Lema: pewarnaan antosianin lunas (pemerhatian awal) Lemma: anthocyanin coloration of

keel (early observation)


lemah weak

sederhana medium

kuat strong

1

3

5

7

22. (+)

QN

U: (22)

VS (65)

Lema: pewarnaan antosianin kawasan di bawah apeks (pemerhatian awal) Lemma: anthocyanin coloration of

area below apex (early

observation)


lemah weak

sederhana medium

kuat strong

1

3 5 7

24

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

23. (*) (+)

QN

U: (23)

VS (65)

Lema: pewarnaan antosianin apeks (pemerhatian awal) Lemma: anthocyanin coloration of

apex (early observation)


lemah weak

sederhana medium

kuat strong

1

3 5 7

Tamb . (21): Lema: pewarnaan antosianin lunas (pemerhatian awal) Ad. (21): Lemma: anthocyanin coloration of keel (early observation)

Tamb . (22): Lema: pewarnaan antosianin kawasan di bawah apeks (pemerhatian awal) Ad. (22): Lemma: anthocyanin coloration of area below apex (early observation)

Tamb . (23): Lema: pewarnaan antosianin apeks (pemerhatian awal) Ad. (23): Lemma: anthocyanin coloration of apex (early observation)

24. (*)

PQ

U: (24)

VS (65)

Spikelet: warna stigma Spikelet: colour of stigma

putih white

hijau muda light green

kuning yellow


ungu purple

1 2 3 4 5

Lema

Apeks

Kawasan bawah apeks

Lunas

25

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

25. (+)

QN

U: (25)

MS

(70)

Batang: tebal Stem: thickness

nipis thin

sederhana medium

tebal thick

3 5 7

Tamb. (25): Batang: tebal Ad. (25): Stem: thickness

Pada ruas paling bawah

At the lowest internode

26. (*)

QN

U: (26)

VS

(70)

Varieti tak melata sahaja: Batang: panjang (tidak termasuk bulir)

Non-prostate varieties only: Stem:

length (excluding panicle)

amat pendek very short

pendek short

sederhana medium

panjang long

amat panjang very long

1 2 5 7 9

27. (*)

QL

U: (27)

VS

(70)

Batang: pewarnaan antosianin buku Stem: anthocyanin coloration of

nodes

tiada absent

ada present

1 9

28.

QN

U: (28)

VS

(70)

Batang: keamatan warna antosianin buku Stem: intensity of anthocyanin

coloration of nodes

lemah weak

sederhana medium

kuat strong

3 5 7

26

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

29.

QL

U: (29)

VS

(70)

Batang: pewarnaan antosianin ruas Stem: anthocyanin coloration of

internodes

tiada absent

ada present

1 9

30. (*) (+)

QN

U: (30)

MS

(72-

90)

Bulir: panjang paksi utama Panicle: length of main axis

pendek short

sederhana medium

panjang long

3 5 7

27

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

Tamb.(30): Bulir: panjang paksi utama

Ad.(30): Panicle: length of main axis

panjang length

pangkal bulir panicle base

1 tegak upright

2 separa tegak semi-upright

panjang length

3 sedikit terlentok slightly drooping

4 sangat terlentok strongly drooping




28

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

31.

QN

U: (31)

MS

(70)

Bulir: bilangan bagi setiap tumbuhan Panicle: number per plant

sedikit few

sederhana medium

banyak many

3 5 7

32.

QL

U: (32)

VS

(60)

Bulir: jejanggut Panicle: awns

tiada absent

ada present

1 9

33.

PQ

U: (33)

VS/

MS

(60)

Bulir: warna jejanggut (pemerhatian awal) Panicle: colour of awns (early

observation)

emas muda light gold

emas gold

perang brown

perang kemerah-merahan reddish brown

merah muda light red

merah red


ungu purple

hitam black

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

29

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

34. (*)

PQ

U: (34)

VS

(70-

80)

Bulir: taburan jejanggut Panicle: distribution of awns

hujung sahaja tip only

suku perempat atas sahaja upper quarter only

separuh atas sahaja upper half only

tiga suku atas sahaja upper three quarters

only

keseluruhan whole length

1 2 3 4 5

35. (*)

QN

U: (36)

VS

(60-

80)

Spikelet: pubesen lema Spikelet: pubesence of lemma


lemah weak

sederhana medium

kuat strong

amat kuat very strong

1

3 5 7

9

36. (+)

PQ

U: (37)

VS

(80-

90)

Spikelet: warna hujung lema Spikelet:: colour of tip of lemma

putih white

kuning yellow

perang brown merah red

ungu purple

hitam black

1 2 3 4 5 6

30

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

Tamb . (36) Spikelet: warna hujung lema Ad. (36): Spikelet:: colour of tip of lemma

37. (*) (+)

PQ

U: (39)

VG

(90)

Bulir: sifat berhubung dengan batang Panicle: attitude in relation to stem

tegak upright

separa tegak semi-upright

sedikit terlentok slightly drooping

sangat terlentok strongly drooping

1 2 3 4

hujung tip

31

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

Tamb . (37): Bulir: sifat berhubung dengan batang Ad. (37): Panicle: attitude in relation to stem

panjang length

1 tegak upright

2 separa tegak semi-upright

panjang length

3 sedikit terlentok slightly drooping

4 sangat terlentok strongly drooping





32

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

38. (+)

QL

U: (40)

VS

(90)

Bulir: kehadiran dahan sekunder Panicle: presence of secondary

branching

tiada absent

ada present

1 9

Tamb . (38): Bulir: sifat berhubung dengan batang Ad. (38): Panicle: presence of secondary branching

39. (+)

PQ

U: (41)

VS

(90)

Bulir: jenis dahan sekunder Panicle: type of secondary

branching

jenis 1 type 1

jenis 2 type 2

jenis 3 type 3

1 2 3

Tamb. (39): Bulir: jenis dahan sekunder Ad. (39): Panicle: type of secondary branching

1 tiada absent

9 ada

present

1 jenis 1 type 1

2 jenis 2 type 2

3 jenis 3 type 3

33

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

40. (*) (+)

QN

U: (42)

VS

(90)

Bulir: sifat dahan Panicle: attitude of branches

tegak erect


mengembang spreading

1 3 5

Tamb. (40): Bulir: sifat dahan Ad. (40): Panicle: attitude of branches

41. (+)

QN

U: (43)

VG

(90)

Bulir: tolakan Panicle: exsertion

tertolak enclosed separa tertolak partly exserted

hampir tertolak just exserted

tertolak sederhana moderately-well

exserted

tertolak sepenuhnya well exserted

1 3 5 7 9

1 tegak erect

3 separa tegak

semi-erect

5 mengembang

spreading

34

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

Tamb. (41): Bulir: tolakan Ad. (41): Panicle: exertion

42.

QN

U: (44)

VG

(90)

Masa kematangan Time of maturity


awal early

pertengahan intermediate lewat late amat lewat very late

1 3 5 7 9

43. (+)

QN

U: (45)

VG

(92)

Daun: masa senesen Leaf: time of senescence

awal early

pertengahan intermediate lewat late

3 5 7

3

separa tertolak partly exerted

5

hampir tertolak just exerted

9

tertolak sepenuhnya well exerted




35

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

Tamb. (43): Daun: masa senesen Ad. (43): Leaf: time of senescence

Daun di bawah daun bulir diperhatikan pada masa menuai untuk memeriksa pengekalan kehijauannya. Keadaan (3), daun mati apabila biji padi sudah masak sepenuhnya; keadaan (5), pertengahan (mesti ada 1 daun yang mengekalkan warnanya); keadaan (7), 2 daun atau lebih mengekalkan warnanya semasa matang.

The leaves below the flag leaf are observed at the time of harvest for their retention of greenness. State (3), leaves are

dead when the grains have become fully ripened; state (5), intermediate (there must be 1 leaf which retains its

colour); state (7), 2 or more leaves retain their colour at maturity.

44.

PQ

U: (46)

VS

Lema: warna Lemma: colour

emas muda light gold

emas gold

perang brown

kemerah-merahan hingga ungu muda reddish to light purple

ungu purple

hitam black

1 2 3 4 5 6

45.

PQ

U: (47)

VS

Lema: hiasan Lemma: ornamentation

tiada absent

alur warna emas gold furrows

alur perang brown furrows

tompok ungu purple spots

alur ungu purple furrows

1 2 3 4 5

36

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

46. (+)

PQ

U: (48)

VS

(92)

Lema: pewarnaan antosianin lunas (pemerhatian lewat) Lemma: anthocyanin coloration of

keel (late observation)


lemah weak

sederhana medium

kuat strong

1 3 5 7

47. (+)

PQ

U: (49)

VS

(92)

Lema: pewarnaan antosianin kawasan di bawah apeks (pemerhatian lewat)

Lemma: anthocyanin coloration of

area below apex (late observation)

tiada atau amat lemah absent or very weak lemah weak

sederhana medium

kuat strong


1 3 5 7 9

48. (+)

QN

U: (50)

VS

(92)

Lema: pewarnaan antosianin apeks (pemerhatian lewat) Lemma: anthocyanin coloration of

apex (late observation)


lemah weak

sederhana medium

kuat strong


1 3 5 7 9

37

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

Tamb .(46): Lema: pewarnaan antosianin lunas (pemerhatian lewat) Ad. (46): Lemma: anthocyanin coloration of keel (late observation) Tamb .(47): Lema: pewarnaan antosianin kawasan di bawah apeks (pemerhatian lewat) Ad. (47): Lemma: anthocyanin coloration of area below apex (late observation)

Tamb .(48): Lema: pewarnaan antosianin apeks (pemerhatian lewat) Ad. (48): Lemma: anthocyanin coloration of apex (late observation)

49. (+)

PQ

U: (52)

VS (92)

Glum: warna Glume: colour

jerami straw emas gold

merah red

ungu purple

1 2 3 4

Lema

Apeks

Kawasan bawah apeks

Lunas

38

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

Tamb .(49): Glum: warna Ad. (49): Glume: colour

50. (+)

QN

U: (53)

MS

(92)

Biji: berat 1000 biji terbentuk sepenuhnya Grain: weight of 1000 fully

developed grains

rendah low sederhana medium

tinggi high

3 5 7

Tamb .(50): Biji: berat 1000 biji terbentuk sepenuhnya Ad. (50): Grain: weight of 1000 fully developed grains

Dihitung pada kelembapan 14 %

To be calculated at 14% moisture

51.

QN

U: (54)

MS

(92)

Biji: panjang Grain: length

pendek short sederhana medium panjang long

3 5 7

Glum Glume

39

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

52.

QN

U: (55)

MS

(92)

Biji : lebar Grain: width

sempit narrow

sederhana medium

lebar broad

3 5 7

53. (*)

QN

U: (58)

MS

(92)

Biji ternyah korteks : panjang Decorticated grain: length

pendek short sederhana medium panjang long

3 5 7

54.

QN

U: (59)

MS

(92)

Biji ternyah korteks : lebar Decorticated grain: width

sempit narrow

sederhana medium lebar broad

3 5 7

55. (*) (+)

PQ

U: (60)

VS

(92)

Biji ternyah korteks : bentuk (dari pandangan lateral) Decorticated grain: shape (in

lateral view)

bulat round

separa bulat semi-round

bentuk separuh gelendong half spindle-shape

bentuk gelendong spindle-shape

bentuk gelendong panjang long spindle-shaped

1 2 3 4 5

40

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

Tamb .(55): Biji ternyah korteks : bentuk (dari pandangan lateral) Ad. (55): Decorticated grain: shape (in lateral view)

panjang/lebar length/width

bulat 1 < 1.50

round

separa bulat 2 1.50-1.99

semi-round

bentuk separuh gelendong 3 2.00-2.49

half spindle-shaped

bentuk gelendong 4 2.50-2.99

spindle-shaped

bentuk gelendong panjang 5 ≥ 3.00 long spindle-shaped

56. (*)

PQ

U: (61)

VS

(92)

Biji ternyah korteks : warna Decorticated grain: colour

putih white perang muda light brown

perang verigasi variegated brown

perang tua dark brown


merah red ungu verigasi variegated purple

ungu purple

ungu tua/ hitam dark purple/ black

1 2 3

4 5 6 7

8 9

41

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

57. (+)

PQ

U: (62)

VS

(92)

Endosperma: jenis Endosperm: type

bergluten glutinous pertengahan intermediate

tak bergluten non-glutinous

1 2 3

42

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

Tamb .(57): Endosperma: jenis Ad. (57): Endosperm: type

Tiga keadaan ekspresi boleh dengan mudah dijelaskan oleh tindak balas terhadap larutan KI-I;

jenis endosperma bergluten diwarnakan hingga ungu kemerah-merahan, jenis endosperma tak bergluten

hingga ungu biru tua, dan jenis endosperma pertengahan hingga ungu biru kemerah-merahan.

The three states of expression can be simply defined by reaction to KI-I solution; glutinous type endosperm

is stained to reddish purple, non-glutinous type to dark blue purple, and intermediate type to reddish blue purple.

Seseorangan boleh memerhatikan bahawa beras bergluten (beras pulut) mempunyai butir

berlilin, manakala beras tak bergluten (beras biasa) mempunyai butir tak berlilin hingga butir lut sinar,

dengan pelbagai gred menurut kandungan amilosa endosperma. Apabila beras bergluten perlu

dibezakan daripada beras yang kandungan amilosanya amat rendah, analisis kimia digunakan.

One can observe that glutinous rice has waxy grains, and non-glutinous rice has non-waxy to transparent

grains, with various grades according to the amylose content of the endosperm. When it is necessary to

differentiate glutinous rice and rice with very low amylose content, chemical analysis is needed.

Catatan: Secara amnya, kandungan amilosa baka tulen varieti beras bergluten ialah 0%.

Bagaimanapun, banyak varieti komersil, terutamanya varieti tempatan dan varieti tradisional, mungkin

mengandungi antara 1% dan 4% amilosa. Ini kerana gen berlilin resesif, dan apabila dikacuk luar oleh

padi tak bergluten, endosperma menjadi tak bergluten. Begitu juga, sesetengah kaedah ujian

mungkin menghasilkan % amilosa yang rendah. Penyelidikan ke atas struktur kimia beras berlilin

masih dijalankan di Jepun. Baru-baru ini, pelbagai gen (dinamakan gen "sebam") bagi pengeluaran

beras separa berlilin telah dikenal pasti. Buat masa ini, kandungan amilosa varieti beras separa

berlilin tidak kurang daripada 5%, meskipun tidak dapat dipastikan sekiranya baka kandungan amilosa

lebih rendah lagi akan dibiak pada masa depan nanti.

Note: In general, the amylose content of pure line varieties of glutinous rice is 0%. However, many

commercial varieties, especially local and traditional varieties may contain between 1% and 4% of amylose. This is

because the waxy gene is recessive, and when outcrossed by non-glutinous rice, the endosperm becomes non-

glutinous. Also, some methods of testing may result in a low % of amylose. Research on chemical structure of

waxy rice is still in progress in Japan. Recently, various genes (named "dull" genes) for producing semi-waxy

rice have been identified. At present, amylose content of those semi-waxy rice varieties is not less than 5%,

though it is not sure if further lower amylose lines will be bred in the future.

Beras pertengahan tak bergluten, tetapi kandungan amilosa amat rendah. Larutan KI-I disediakan dengan mencampurkan 0.1 % larutan I2 dengan 0.2 % larutan KI.

Intermediate rice is non-glutinous but with very low amylose.

KI-I solution is prepared by mixing 0.1 % I2 solution and 0.2 % KI solution

43

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

58. (+)

PQ

U: (63)

MG (92)

Endosperma: kandungan amilosa Endosperm: content of amylose

keadaan 1 state 1

keadaan 2 state 2

keadaan 3 state 3

keadaan 4 state 4

keadaan 5 state 5

keadaan 6 state 6

keadaan 7 state 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

44

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

Tamb .(58): Endosperma: : kandungan amilosa Ad. (58): Endosperm: content of amylase

Kaedah ISO 6647 seharusnya digunakan. Method ISO 6647 should be used.

Diubahsuai daripada sistem IRRI dengan membuat pembundaran nombor kerana data boleh berubah,

terutama di tempat beriklim dingin, dan dengan menambah peringkat kandungan amilosa yang amat

tinggi apabila mempertimbangkan padi di sesetengah kawasan di bahagian selatan India.

Modified from IRRI system by rounding due to variability of data especially in cool climates, and adding a rank of

very high amylose content considering rice in some area of southern India.

Keadaan 1 : State 1 :

<5%


5-10%


11-15%


16-20%


21-25%


25-30%


>30%

59. (+)

QN

U: (64)

MG

(92)

Pencernaan alkali Alkali digestion

tidak tercerna not digested

tercerna sedikit low digested

perantaraan intermediate

tercerna sepenuhnya completely digested

1 3 5 7

45

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

Tamb .(59): Pencernaan alkali Ad. (59): Alkali digestion

Letakkan 10 butir (biji) beras kisar sepenuhnya (tak hancur) di dalam piring petri dengan 1.5% larutan KOH, dan biarkan di bawah suhu bilik sekitar 25°C selama lebih kurang 24 jam.

Put 10 milled complete (unbroken) rice grains in a petri dish with 1.5% solution of KOH, and keep still under

room temperature of around 25°C for about 24 hours.

Catatan 1 (tidak tercerna): Note 1 (not digested):

butir beras tak terjejas. rice grains are not affected.

Catatan 3 (tercerna sedikit): Note 3 (low digested):

hanya pinggiran butir terlarut only the margin of the grains are dissolved

Catatan 5 (pertengahan): Note 5 (intermediate):

bentuk butir menjadi tak jelas, tetapi tak terlarut sepenuhnya shape of grains become unclear, but incompletely

dissolved

Catatan 7 (tercerna sepenuhnya): Note 7 (completely digested):

tiada pinggiran dicam di antara bahagian empulur dan keliling luar. no margin is identified between the core part and the

outer skirt.

60. (*) (+)

QN

U: (65)

MG

(92)

Biji ternyah korteks: aroma Decorticated grain: aroma


lemah weak

kuat strong

1 2 3

Tamb .(60): Biji ternyah korteks: aroma Ad. (60): Decorticated grain: aroma

Komponen utama aroma dalam beras ialah 2-asetil-1-pirolina (AcPy). Untuk mengewapkan

bahan kimia ini, 10 ml. larutan 1.7 % KOH seharusnya ditambah kepada 2 gr. biji ternyah korteks.

Aroma yang serupa dengan aroma bertih jagung dikeluarkan dalam masa 10 minit. Tahap ekspresi

ditentukan dengan merujuk varieti contoh.

The main component of the aroma in rice is the 2-acetyl-1-pirroline (AcPy). To vaporize this chemical,

10 ml. of a 1.7 % solution of KOH should be added to 2 gr. of decorticated grains. The aroma, which is

similar to that in pop-corn, is released within 10 minutes. The level of expression is determined by reference

to the example varieties.

46

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

CIRI TAMBAHAN

ADDITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

(gunakan bila/di mana perlu) (apply when/where necessary)

61. Kerintangan terhadap penyakit karah

Resistance to blast

rentan susceptible

sederhana rentan moderately susceptible

rintang resistance

MR 219

MR 84

Mahsiri/ Setanjung

1 2 3

62. Kerintangan terhadap PMV

Resistance to PMV

rentan susceptible


rintang resistance

TNI

MR 77

MR 159/ IR 72

1 2 3

63. Kerintangan terhadap bena perang Resistance to brown plant hopper

rentan susceptible


rintang resistance

MR 84

MRQ 50

PTb 33/Rathu Heenathi

1 2 3

64. Kerintangan terhadap hawar upih Resistance to sheath blight

rentan susceptible


rintang resistance

Kadaria

Sebetrang

Manik

1 2 3

47

BIL. NO.

CIRI CHARACTERISTIC

KEADAAN STATE


VARIETIES

CATATAN NOTE

65. Kerintangan terhadap hawar daun bakteria Resistance to bacteria leaf blight

rentan susceptible


rintang resistance

MR 84

MRQ 74

MR 185

1 2 3

48

9.0 RUJUKAN LITERATURE

UPOV. 2004. Guidelines For The Conduct of Tests For Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability. Rice (Oryza sativa L.). TG/16/8. International Union For The Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), Geneva.

49

10.0 SOAL SELIDIK TEKNIKAL TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE

BORANG SOAL SELIDIK TEKNIKAL TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE

untuk dilengkapi berkaitan dengan permohonan Hak Pembiak Baka Tumbuhan

to be completed in connection with an application for Plant Breeders' Rights

UNTUK KEGUNAAN RASMI FOR OFFICIAL USE

Nombor Rujukan :

Reference Number

Tarikh Permohonan :

Application date

(tidak boleh diisi oleh pemohon)

(not to be filled in by the applicant)

1. BAHAN UJIAN SUBJECT OF THE TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE

1.1 Nama Botani :

Botanical Name

1.2 Nama Biasa :

Common name

1.3 Nama Tempatan :

Local name

Oryza sativa L.

Padi

PADDY

Padi

2. PEMOHON APPLICANT

Nama Pemohon : _______________________________ Applicant Name

Alamat : ____________________________________

Address ____________________________________

_____________________________________

No. Telefon :_________________________________

Telephone No

No. Fax : _____________________________ Fax No

E-Mail : _____________________________ E-mail

Pembiak Baka : _____________________________ Breeder

(jika berlainan daripada pemohon) (if different from applicant)

3. NAMA YANG DICADANGKAN DAN RUJUKAN PEMBIAK BAKA PROPOSED DENOMINATION AND BREEDER'S REFERENCE

Nama yang dicadangkan _______________________ ________________________ ________________________ Proposed denomination pilihan pertama (1

st choice) pilihan kedua (2

nd choice) pilihan ketiga (3

rd choice)

Rujukan pembiak baka ___________________________

Breeder's reference

50

# 4. MAKLUMAT SKIM PEMBIAKBAKAAN DAN PEMBIAKAN VARIETI INFORMATION ON THE BREEDING SCHEME AND PROPAGATION OF THE VARIETY

4.1 Skim pembiakbakaan Breeding scheme

Varieti terhasil daripada : Variety resulting from

Kacukan terkawal (sila nyatakan varieti induk) Crossing controlled cross (please state parent varieties) ________________________________________________________

Mutasi (sila nyatakan varieti induk) Mutation (please state parent varieties) ________________________________________________________

Penemuan dan pembangunan (sila nyatakan di mana dan bila ditemui dan bagaimana dibangunkan) Discovery and development (please state where and when discovered and how developed) ________________________________________________________

Lain-lain (sila berikan butir-butir) Other (please provide details)

4.2 Kaedah pembiakan varieti

Method of propagating the variety

4.2.1 Pembiakan vegetatif Vegetative propagation

baris line

baris subur jantan male fertile line

baris mandul jantan male sterile line

hibrid

hybrid

Kaedah pembiakan yang lain (sila berikan butir-butir) Other method of propagation (please provide details)

Halaman {2}

daripada {6}

Page {2} of {6}

51

Dalam kes varieti hibrid, skim pengeluaran bagi hibrid seharusnya diberi pada helaian yang berasingan. Helaian ini

seharusnya memberikan butir-butir semua baris induk yang diperlukan bagi pembiakan hibrid berkenaan, contohnya. In the case of hybrid varieties the production scheme for the hybrid should be provided on a separate sheet. This should provide details of all the parent lines required for propagating the hybrid e.g.

Hibrid Sehala

( . . . induk betina...) x (... induk jantan...)

Single Hybrid

( . . . female parent...) x (... male parent...)

Hibrid Tiga Hala (... baris betina ...) x (... baris jantan ...) Three-Way Hybrid

(... female line ...) x (... male line ...)

hibrid sehala digunakan sebagai induk betina x (... induk jantan...) dan seharusnya dikenal pasti terutamanya: single hybrid used as female parent x (... male parent...) and should identify in particular:

(a) mana-mana baris mandul jantan

any male sterile line

(b) sistem pengekalan baris subur jantan maintenance system of male sterile lines

52

5. CIRI VARIETI UNTUK DINYATAKAN

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VARIETY TO BE INDICATED Nombor dalam kurungan merujuk ciri yang sepadan dengan ciri dalam Garis Panduan Ujian; sila tandakan catatan yang paling sepadan. The number in brackets refers to the corresponding characteristic in Test Guidelines; please mark the note which best corresponds.

Bil No

Ciri Characteristic

Keterangan State

Catatan Note

5.1 (2)

Daun pangkal: warna upih Basal leaf: sheath colour

hijau green

hijau dengan garis- garis ungu green with purple lines


ungu purple

1 [ ]

2 [ ]

3 [ ]

4 [ ]

5.2 (9)

Daun: pewarnaan antosianin aurikel

Leaf: anthocyanin coloration of auricles tiada absent

ada present

1 [ ]

9 [ ]

5.3 (19)

Masa berbunga, dengan 95% tanaman mempunyai bunga

Time of heading 95% of plants with heads


awal early

sederhana medium

lewat late

1 [ ]

3 [ ]

5 [ ]

7 [ ]

5.4 (26)

Varieti tak melata sahaja: Batang: panjang (tidak termasuk bulir)

Non-prostrate varieties only: Stem:

length (excluding panicle)

amat pendek very short

pendek short

sederhana medium

panjang long

amat panjang very long

1 [ ]

3 [ ]

5 [ ]

7 [ ]

9 [ ]

53

Bil No

Ciri Characteristic

Keterangan State

Catatan Note

5.5 (53)

Biji ternyah korteks: panjang

Decorticated grain: length pendek short

sederhana medium

panjang long

3 [ ]

5 [ ]

7 [ ]

5.6 (56)

Biji ternyah korteks: warna

Decorticated grain: colour

putih white

perang muda light brown

perang verigasi variegated brown

perang tua dark brown


merah red

ungu verigasi variegated purple

ungu purple

ungu tua/ hitam dark purple/ black

1 [ ]

2 [ ]

3 [ ]

4 [ ]

5 [ ]

6 [ ]

7 [ ]

8 [ ]

9 [ ]

54

6. VARIETI SERUPA DAN PERBEZAAN DARIPADA VARIETI CALON

SIMILAR VARIETIES AND DIFFERENCES FROM THESE VARIETIES

Sila gunakan jadual dan kotak berikut untuk komen dan untuk memberikan maklumat berkenaan dengan bagaimana varieti yang anda pilih berbeza daripada varieti yang, sejauh yang anda ketahui, paling serupa. Maklumat ini boleh membantu pihak berkuasa pemeriksaan untuk menjalankan pemeriksaan kelainan dengan cara yang lebih cekap.

Please use the following table and box for comments to provide information on how your candidate variety differs from the variety (or varieties) which, to the best of your knowledge, is (or are) most similar. This information may help the examination authority to conduct its examination of distinctness in a more efficient way.

Nama varieti yang serupa dengan varieti calon

Denomination(s) of variety(ies) similar to your candidate variety

Ciri varieti calon yang berbeza daripada varieti serupa

Characteristic(s) in which your candidate variety differs from the similar variety(ies)

Terangkan ekspresi ciri bagi varieti serupa

Describe the expression of the characteristic(s) for the similar variety(ies)

Terangkan ekspresi ciri bagi varieti calon

Describe the expression of the characteristic(s) for your candidate variety

Contoh Example

Kulma: tabiat Culm: habit

tegak erect

terbuka open

Komen :

Comments

55

# 7. MAKLUMAT TAMBAHAN YANG BOLEH MEMBANTU DALAM PEMERIKSAAN VARIETI

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION WHICH MAY HELP IN THE EXAMINATION OF THE VARIETY

7.1 Selain maklumat yang diberi dalam bahagian 5 dan bahagian 6, adakah apa-apa ciri tambahan yang boleh membantu untuk membezakan varieti? In addition to the information provided in sections 5 and 6, are there any additional characteristics which may help to distinguish the variety? Ada Tiada Yes No

(Jika ada, berikan butir-butir) ............................................................................................................... (If yes, please provide details) …………………………………………………………………………………. 7.2 Adakah apa-apa syarat khusus bagi menanam varieti atau menjalankan pemeriksaan? Are there any special conditions for growing the variety or conducting the examination? Ada Tiada Yes No (Jika ada, berikan butir-butir) ............................................................................................................... (If yes, please provide details) …………………………………………………………………………………. 7.3 Maklumat lain Other information 7.4 Gambar berwarna yang mewakili varieti perlu disertakan bersama Borang Soal Selidik Teknikal ini. A representative colour photograph of the variety should accompany the Technical Questionnaire.

# Pihak berkuasa mungkin membenarkan maklumat tertentu ini diberi dalam bahagian sulit Borang Soal Selidik Teknikal. Authority may allow certain of this information to be provided in a confidential section of the Technical Questionnaire.

8. KEBENARAN PENGELUARAN AUTHORIZATION FOR RELEASE

8. (a) Adakah varieti memerlukan kebenaran sebelum pengeluaran di bawah undang-undang berhubung dengan perlindungan alam sekitar, kesihatan manusia dan kesihatan haiwan? Does the variety require prior authorization for release under legislation concerning the protection of the environment, human and animal health?

Ya Tidak Yes No

(b) Adakah kebenaran itu telah diperoleh? Has such authorization been obtained? Ya Tidak Yes No

Jika jawapan kepada (b) ialah ya, sila kepilkan satu salinan kebenaran tersebut. If the answer to (b) is yes, please attach a copy of the authorization.

56

9. MAKLUMAT BAHAN TUMBUHAN UNTUK DIPERIKSA ATAU DISERAH BAGI PEMERIKSAAN INFORMATION ON PLANT MATERIAL TO BE EXAMINED OR SUBMITTED FOR EXAMINATION

9.1 9.2

Ekspresi satu ciri atau beberapa ciri varieti mungkin terjejas oleh faktor seperti haiwan perosak dan penyakit, rawatan kimia (contohnya bahan pembantut pertumbuhan atau pestisid), kesan kultur tisu,pokok penanti yang berlainan, sion yang diambil daripada fasa pertumbuhan pokok yang berlainan dan lain-lain. The expression of a characteristic or several characteristics of a variety may be affected by factors, such as pests and disease, chemical treatment (e.g. growth retardants or pesticides), effects of tissue culture, different rootstocks, scions taken from different growth phases of a tree, etc. Bahan tanaman tidak seharusnya melalui apa-apa rawatan yang menjejaskan ekspresi ciri varieti, kecuali pihak berkuasa yang kompeten telah membenarkan atau meminta rawatan sedemikian. Jika bahan tanaman telah melalui rawatan sedemikian, butir-butir penuh bagi rawatan mestilah diberikan. Berhubung dengan hal ini, sila tunjukkan di bawah ini, sepanjang yang anda ketahui, sekiranya bahan tanaman untuk diperiksa itu: The plant material should not have undergone any treatment which would affect the expression of the characteristics of the variety, unless the competent authority allows or requests such treatment. If the plant material has undergone such treatment, full details of the treatment must be given. In this respect, please indicate below, to the best of your knowledge, if the plant material to be examined has been subjected to:

(a) terdedah kepada mikroorganisma (contohnya virus, bakteria, fitoplasma) Microorganisms (e.g. virus, bacteria, phytoplasma)

Ya Yes ………….................................................................................................................... Sila berikan butir-butir bagi jawapan “ya” yang anda berikan. Please provide details for where you have indicated "yes“

Tidak No (b) menjalani rawatan kimia (contohnya bahan pembantut pertumbuhan, pestisid) Chemical treatment (e.g. growth retardant, pesticide)


Tidak No (c) dijalankan kultur tisu tissue culture


Tidak No (d) disebabkan faktor lain other factors


Tidak No

57

10. PENGESAHAN

DECLARATION

Saya dengan ini mengesahkan, sepanjang yang saya ketahui, bahawa maklumat yang diberi dalam borang ini adalah betul. I hereby declare that, to the best of my knowledge, the information provided in this form is correct. _____________________________ Tandatangan Signature Nama pemohon : __________________________________ Applicant's name Tarikh : __________________________________ Date

58

11.0 PENGHARGAAN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Jabatan Pertanian mengucapkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan kepada Ketua Pengarah Pertanian dan terima kasih kepada Pengarah Bahagian Kawalan Kualiti Tanaman, Pn. Hjh. Norma Othman serta kakitangannya atas daya usaha dan inisiatif yang diambil bagi penyediaan Garis Panduan ini. Department of Agriculture would like to express greatest gratitude to Director

General of Department and thanks to Director of Crop Quality Control Division, Mrs. Hjh.

Norma Othman and her staff for the hard work and initiative taken in preparing the Test

Guidelines.

Penghargaan juga ingin disampaikan kepada pakar-pakar tanaman, Appreciation also goes to our crop experts,

(1) Dato’ Dr. Othman Omar (MARDI) (2) En. (Mr.) Misrudin Hadis (DOA) (3) Cik (Ms.) Asfaliza Ramli (MARDI) (4) En. (Mr.) Zainuddin PMD Hussain (MARDI) (5) Pn. (Mrs.) Nur Hafizah Bt. Sharudin (MARDI) atas sumbangan pandangan yang membina dan komitmen tidak terhingga bagi menjayakan penghasilan Garis Panduan ini. upon contribution of constructive opinion and endless commitment towards the success of the

development of the Test Guidelines.

[Dokumen Tamat] [End of Document]

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