Download - KPD 3016 - Kuliah 1
Dr. Fadzilah [email protected]
P. P. Ilmu Pendidikan, USM
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KPD 3016Pengajaran, Teknologi & Pentaksiran
Konsep Pendidikan
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Dilihat dari 2 perspektif yang berbeza iaitu;
1. Proses ? – - ‘ON HOW’ kita mendidik- Berlaku perubahan t/laku (boleh diukur)2. Produk?- Fokus pada hasilan pendidikanPerspektif ini akan menentukan
bagaimana kita ‘value’ the meaning of education.
Pendidikan dari perspektif..
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1.Sosiologi – (sosialisasi) pn sebagai satu proses sosial
2.Antopologi – (enculturation) pn sbg proses pembudayaan
3.Ekonomi – (investment ) pn sebagai satu pelaburan jangka pjg
sambungan
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4. Sains politik – (citizenship) pn sebagai satu proses kenegaraan
- memahami aspirasi negara5. Psikologi – (sains tingkah laku) – pendidikan sbg proses mengembangkan potensi, bakat, sahsiah individu.
Jenis-jenis Pendidikan
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1. Pendidikan Formal- Program terancang ; kurikulum,
bahan, keguruan2. Pendidikan non-formal- Kegiatan ko-k (sukan,berunifrm,
persatuan)3. Pendidikan informal- Melalui pengamatan, pemerhatian &
pengalaman dgn media massa & manusia
4. Pendidikan Sepanjang hayat( tiada batasan masa, tempat, umur,
sumber etc)
Pendidikan di Malayisa
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1. Sebelum Merdeka- Sistem pn. Vernakular - (dasar pecah perintah British)
2. Selepas Merdeka- Sistem pendidikan kebangsaan - Alat perpaduan & kamajuan negara
Pedagogi
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‘the art n science of teaching’ = seni pengajaran
Pedagogi bergantung kepada;(i) Aliran pemikiran (paradigma)(ii) Teori pembelajaran(iii) Pendekatan(iv) Kaedah (v) teknik
Aliran / paradigma Pembelajaran
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1. Aliran Behaviouris- pn. Melalui perubahan tingkah laku
- Konsep peneguhan + dan -
2. Kognitivis- ‘mind as a computer’- Drilling.
sambungan
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3. Konstruktivis- ‘construction of meaning’- Proses asimilasi & akomodasi
4. Konstruktivis Sosial- Kepentingan interaksi sosial
- Konsep ZPD
Model Pembelajaran
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-Model pembelajaran didokongi oleh rekabentuk pengajaran (ID)
- ID merujuk kepada proses sistematik dalam merancang sesuatu proses pengajaran
- Matlamatnya agar, Input = output
- Contoh; Model ADDIE, Model ASSURE
ADDIE MODEL
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ADDIE MODEL
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AnalysisProblem definition(Mengenalpasti masalah)
DesignDesign, structure, media types, technological issues
(Rekabentuk, struktur, jenis media, isu-isu teknologi)
DevelopmentBased on budget, develop the project(berasaskan bujet, membangunkan projek)
ADDIE MODEL
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ImplementationTesting phase (Fasa percubaan)
EvaluationUsers’ feedback on the project
(Maklumbalas pengguna terhadap projek)
ASSURE MODEL
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1. Analyze learners 2. State objectives 3. Select instructional
methods, media, and materials
4. Utilize media and materials 5. Require learner participation 6. Evaluate and revise
ASSURE MODEL
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By, Heinch, Molenda, Russell, Smaldino (1996))
The ASSURE model is helpful for designing courses using different kinds of media. This model assumes that instruction will not be delivered using lecture/text book only. It allows for the possibility of incorporating out-of-class resources and technology into the course materials. This model will be especially helpful for instructors designing online courses.
This model emphasizes:Teaching to students with different Learning Styles, and
1. Constructivist learning where students are required to interact with their environment and not passively receive information.
sambungan.. ASSURE MODEL
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1. Analyze learners General characterSpecific entry competenciesLearning Style
2. State objectives Learning outcomesConditions of performanceDegree of acceptable performance
sambungan.. ASSURE MODEL
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3. Select instructional methods, media, and materials
Select available materialsModify existing materialsDesign new materials
4. Utilize media and materials Preview the materialsPrepare the materials, environmentProvide the learning experience
sambungan.. ASSURE MODEL
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5. Require learner participation - In-class and follow-up activities so learner can process the information
6. Evaluate and revise - Evaluate & revise, Before, during and after instruction
- Assess learner, media methods
Alternatif Model ID
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Hanaffin & PeckDick & CareyRobert GlaseaRapid Prototyping Jerold KempGerlach & ElyBransonDiamondSmith & RaganGentryReiser & DickVan PattenLeishin, Pollock & Reigeluth
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You are not a bad teacher if a lesson does not work. You are a bad teacher if
you don't reflect upon your lessons and…
work on revising elements of the lesson until your students
become successful learners.
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Sekian
Terima kasih !