8/13/2019 Conjunction Khairi

1/3

But" redirects here. For other uses, seeBUT (disambiguation).

Ingrammar,a conjunction(abbreviatedCONJor CNJ) is apart of speechthat connects two

words,sentences,phrasesorclausestogether. A discourse connectiveis a conjunction

joining sentences. This definition may overlap with that of other parts of speech, so what

constitutes a "conjunction" must be defined for eachlanguage.In general, a conjunction is aninvariablegrammatical particle,and it may or may not stand between the items it conjoins.

The definition can also be extended to idiomatic phrases that behave as a unit with the same

function as a single-word conjunction (as well as,provided that, etc.).

Many students are taught that certain conjunctions (such as "and", "but", and "so") should not

begin sentences, althoughthis beliefhas "no historical or grammatical foundation".[1]

Contents

[hide]

1 Coordinating conjunctions 2 Correlative conjunctions 3 Subordinating conjunctions 4 See also 5 References

[edit] Coordinating conjunctionsCoordinating conjunctions, also called coordinators, are conjunctions that join two or more

items of equal syntactic importance, such as words, main clauses, or sentences. In English the

mnemonicacronymFANBOYScan be used to remember the coordinatorsfor, and, nor, but,

or,yet, andso.[2][3]These are not the only coordinating conjunctions; various others are used,

including[4]:ch. 9[5]:p. 171"and nor" (British), "but nor" (British), "or nor" (British), "neither"

("They don't gamble; neither do they smoke"), "no more" ("They don't gamble; no more do

they smoke"), and "only" ("I would go, only I don't have time").

Here are the meanings and some examples of coordinating conjunctions in English:

for:presents a reason ("He is gambling with his health, for he has been smoking fartoo long.") (though "for" is more commonly used as a preposition)

and:presents non-contrasting item(s) or idea(s) ("They gamble, and they smoke.") nor:presents a non-contrasting negative idea ("They do not gamble, nor do they

smoke.")

but:presents a contrast or exception ("They gamble, but they don't smoke.") or:presents an alternative item or idea ("Every day, they gamble or they smoke.") yet:presents a contrast or exception ("They gamble, yet they don't smoke.") so:presents a consequence ("He gambled well last night, so he smoked a cigar to

celebrate.")

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BUT_%28disambiguation%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BUT_%28disambiguation%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BUT_%28disambiguation%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_glossing_abbreviationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_glossing_abbreviationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_glossing_abbreviationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part_of_speechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part_of_speechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part_of_speechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clausehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clausehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clausehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_particlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_particlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_particlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_English_usage_misconceptionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_English_usage_misconceptionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_English_usage_misconceptionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#Coordinating_conjunctionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#Coordinating_conjunctionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#Correlative_conjunctionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#Correlative_conjunctionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#Subordinating_conjunctionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#Subordinating_conjunctionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conjunction_%28grammar%29&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conjunction_%28grammar%29&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conjunction_%28grammar%29&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#Subordinating_conjunctionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#Correlative_conjunctionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#Coordinating_conjunctionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_English_usage_misconceptionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_particlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clausehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part_of_speechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_glossing_abbreviationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BUT_%28disambiguation%29

8/13/2019 Conjunction Khairi

2/3

[edit] Correlative conjunctions

Correlativeconjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together to coordinate two items.

English examples include bothand, [n]either[n]or, and not [only]but [also], whether...

or.

Examples:

Eitherdo your work orprepare for a trip to the office. Not onlyis he handsome buthe is alsobrilliant. Neitherthe basketball team northe football team is doing well. Boththe cross country team andthe swimming team are doing well. Whetheryou stay orgo is your decision.

[edit] Subordinating conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions, also called subordinators, are conjunctions that introduce a

dependent clause.The most common subordinating conjunctions in the English language

include the following: after, although, as if, as much as, as long as, as soon as, as though,

because, before, but, even if, even though, if, in that, in order that, lest,since,so that, than,

that, though, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever, whether, and while.

Complementizerscan be considered to be special subordinating conjunctions that introduce

complementclauses (e.g., "I wonder whetherhe'll be late. I hope thathe'll be on time").

Some subordinating conjunctions (until, while), when used to introduce a phrase instead of a

full clause, become prepositions with identical meanings.

In manyverb-finallanguages,subordinate clausesmust precedethemain clauseon which

they depend. The equivalents to the subordinating conjunctions of non-verb-final languages

such as English are either

clause-final conjunctions(e.g. inJapanese), or suffixesattached to theverband notseparate words[6]

Such languages in fact often lack conjunctions as apart of speechbecause:

1. the form of theverbused is formally nominalised and cannot occur in an independentclause

2. the clause-final conjunction or suffix attached to the verb is actually formally amarker ofcaseand is also used onnounsto indicate certain functions. In this sense,

the subordinate clauses of these languages have much in common withpostpositional

phrases.

In other West-Germanic languages like German or Dutch, the word order after a

subordinating conjunction is different from the one in an independent clause, e.g. in Dutch

want(for) is coordinating, but omdat(because) is subordinating. The clause after the

coordinating conjunction has normal word order, but the clause after the subordinating

conjunction has verb-final word order. Compare:

Hij gaat naar huis, wanthij isziek. ("He goes home, for he is ill.")

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conjunction_%28grammar%29&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conjunction_%28grammar%29&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conjunction_%28grammar%29&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conjunction_%28grammar%29&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_clausehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_clausehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_%28linguistics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_%28linguistics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_clausehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_clausehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_clausehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_clausehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_clausehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_clausehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part_of_speechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part_of_speechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part_of_speechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_casehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_casehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_casehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nounhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nounhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nounhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adpositional_phrasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adpositional_phrasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adpositional_phrasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adpositional_phrasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adpositional_phrasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adpositional_phrasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nounhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_casehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part_of_speechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_%28grammar%29#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_clausehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_clausehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_%28linguistics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_clausehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conjunction_%28grammar%29&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conjunction_%28grammar%29&action=edit&section=2

8/13/2019 Conjunction Khairi

3/3

Hij gaat naar huis, omdathij ziek is. ("He goes home because he is ill.")

Similarly, in German, "denn" (for) is coordinating, but "weil" (because) is subordinating:

Er geht nach Hause, denner istkrank. ("He goes home, for he is ill.")

Er geht nach Hause, weiler krank ist. ("He goes home because he is ill.")