buletin pusat pengajian kejuruteraan bahan dan …...lawatan pelajar tahun akhir kejuruteraan bahan...

STAF PPKBSM CEMERLANGDI ITEX 2014

9 Mei 2014 - Pameran Rekacipta,Inovasi & Teknologi Antarabangsa (ITEX2014) ke-25 yang telah berlangsung diKuala Lumpur dan sekali lagi menyak-sikan kecemerlangan warga PPKBSM.Pada pameran tersebut, Prof. Dr. HanafiIsmail menerima pingat emas sertaAnugerah Khas daripada Asia InventionAssociation melalui produk ‘Eco-Rubfoam: A Mulfuctional Engineering Foam FromVarious Rubber Waste’. Manakala Prof.Dr. Zainal Arifin Ahmad dengan produkpenyelidikan ‘MYUSMdental Fillings’, Prof.Dr. Ahmad Fauzi dengan produk ‘NovelHexagonal-Phase TiO2 NanotubePhotocatalyst by Simple HydrothermalSynthesis’ dan Dr. Yeoh Fei Yee denganproduk ‘ECOLAY’ masing-masing telahmembawa pulang pingat emas.

Pingat perak pula diterima oleh Prof.Madya Dr. Zainovia Lockman dengan pro-duk 'Sheets of Zirconia Nanotubes'.Dalam pameran tersebut, USM telahmenghantar 20 penyertaan dan berjayameraih 19 emas dan 1 perak. Syabas dantahniah kepada semua staf yang terlibatdan semoga kejayaan mereka menjadisumber inspirasi kepada yang lain.

IMTCE AND MATERIALS LECTURECOMPETITION 2014

14th May 2014 – Dr. Pung Swee Yong andhis student, Chan Yim Leng from Schoolof Materials and Mineral ResourcesEngineering (SMMRE), were awarded the“Green Materials Award” by Institute ofMaterials, Malaysia (IMM) based on theirresearch work on “Solar PhotocatalyticWaste Water Purifier” in conjunction withthe 9th International MaterialsTechnology Conference & Exhibition(IMTCE) 2014. The ceremony was held at

Putra World Trade Centre (PWTC) KualaLumpur.

In the same event, Mr. Mohd SaidinaBin Dandan Satia, a postgraduate studentfrom SMMRE has won the third prize atthe Malaysian Materials LectureCompetition 2014 (MLC 2014). Saidinahas initially won the in-house USM YoungPersons’ Lecture Competition and repre-sent USM for MLC 2014. Saidina hasreceived a cash prize of RM1,000 and acertificate to recognize his efforts put infor the competition.

ENJINIERBuletin Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan dan Sumber Mineral

Bulletin for the School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia

JIL. 16 BIL. 01 No. ISSN: 1511-5275 http://www.usm.my JUN 2014

1Buletin Enjinier, Jun 2014

Kontinjen ITEX 2014 Universiti Sains Malaysia

Mr. Mohd Saidina (second from left) with the finalists of MLC 2014

WORKSHOP ON MATERIALCHARACTERIZATION BY XRF AND

XRD24th April 2014 - A “MaterialCharacterization by XRF and XRD” work-shop was organized by DKSH Technologyon 24 April 2014 at School of Materialsand Mineral Resources Engineering,Engineering Campus USM. The mainobjective of the workshop is to exposethe fundamental and application of XRFand XRD characterization techniques toparticipants, consist of lectures, studentsand researchers. As XRF and XRD are thewidely used characterization techniquesby researchers, this workshop received agood feedback from various parties andhas recorded a total of 100 participants.The workshop was coordinated by twoexcellent speakers from PAN Analytical;Mr. Scott Gilroy and Dr. Umesh Tiwari.Both speakers have presented and sharedwide ranges of the XRF and XRD knowl-edge with the participants. At the end ofthe workshop, participants were exposedto a more fundamental knowledge andpracticality of the XRF and XRD particular-ly in materials science and engineering’sresearch. The seminar ended with livelydiscussion at 12.30 pm with a sincerelythanks to the both presenters.

LAWATAN PELAJAR TAHUN AKHIRKEJURUTERAAN BAHAN

20 Februari 2014 - Seramai 16 orangpelajar tahun akhir Program KejuruteraanBahan, Pusat Pengajian KejuruteraanBahan dan Sumber Mineral (PPKBSM),Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) dan 6orang pensyarah pengiring telah men-gadakan lawatan akademik ke FakultiKejuruteraan Universiti Malaysia Sarawak(UNIMAS) dan International College ofAdvanced Technology Sarawak (I-CATS).Lawatan ke UNIMAS telah dilakukan padasebelah pagi. Ketika di UNIMAS, delegasidari PPKBSM telah mengadakan perbin-cangan berkaitan potensi peluang ker-jasama penyelidikan di antara PPKBSMdan Fakulti Kejuruteraan UNIMAS. Selainitu, pihak UNIMAS juga sudi berkongsipengalaman mereka di dalam hal-halberkaitan proses akreditasi. Bagi pelajartahun akhir kejuruteraan bahan pula,mereka telah terlibat dengan programinteraksi bersama pelajar tahun akhir dariFakulti Kejuruteraan UNIMAS. Pada sebe-lah petang, delegasi PPKBSM telahmelawat ke I-CATS. I-CATS merupakansebuah kolej di bawah Kerajaan NegeriSarawak yang bertanggungjawap

Bersambung ke m/s 3......

Buletin Enjinier, Jun 2014 2

Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Syed Fuad

Saiyid Hashim

Prof. Dr. Zainal Arifin Ahmad

(Advisor)

Dr. Shah Rizal Kasim(Chief Editor)

Dr. Mohamad Hazizan MohamadHashim

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Azura A. Rashid

Assistant Editor

Editorial Board

Ms. Hasnah Awang

Ms. Habsah Haliman

Lawatan pelajar tahun akhir Program Kejuruteraan Bahan bersama staf akademik ke UNIMAS

Dr. Arjulizan Rusli

Dr. Pung Swee Yong

Workshop on Material Characterization by XRF & XRD

sambungan dari m/s 2...

melahirkan tenaga mahir untuk digu-nakan di dalam bidang perindustrian.Melalui program ini, banyak perkara telahdapat dipelajari dan merupakan suatupengalaman yang sukar dilupakan olehpara peserta lawatan.

VISIT BY EXTERNAL EXAMINERMATERIALS ENGINEERING

PROGRAMME

2-6 March 2014 - School of Materialsand Mineral Resources Engineering(SMMRE) was honoured to welcomeProfessor Sam Zhang as an externalexaminer to assess the MaterialsEngineering Programme (Bachelordegree). During his visit, Professor SamZhang had the opportunity to discussedwith Dean, Deputy Deans, academicstaffs and students for possible improve-ments of the Materials EngineeringProgram. In addition, a laboratory visitwas arranged to assess the facilities forteaching and research in SMMRE.

In his assessment report, ProfessorSam Zhang is pleased with the curriculumstructure of Materials EngineeringProgramme as the courses are carefullydesigned and able to achieve the pro-gramme objectives and programme out-comes. According to Professor SamZhang the setting and vetting proceduresof examination questions are appropriate.He is also impressed with the quality ofthe academic staffs as most of us weregraduated from reputable internationalinstitutions. The ratio of academic staffsto students is good, i.e. 1:10 as it allowsthe academic staffs to have more time togive supports to the students.

Nonetheless, there are a few con-structive suggestions given by ProfessorSam Zhang on the curriculum of MaterialsEngineering Programme. These includeswapping of courses offer in Level 2 andLevel 3, to have more hands on experi-ences for students in operating certainequipment and characterization tools. On5th March, Professor Sam Zhang deliveredhis research findings on HardnessProperties of Material with the membersand postgraduate students of the pro-gramme.

EXTERNAL EXAMINER VISIT FOR THE MINERAL RESOURCESENGINEERING PROGRAMME

14-16 May 2014 - The School ofMaterials & Mineral ResourcesEngineering, have received a visit by Prof.Peter Fielden Knights, who is the newlyappointed external examiner, for theMineral Resources Engineering pro-gramme for the academic session 2013-2014. Professor Peter Knight is a

Professor in Mining from the University ofQueensland, Australia.

Prof. Knights had fruitful discussionswith all the academic staffs, including allthe students from the first to the fourthyear undergraduate students and alsomeeting up with postgraduate studentsunder the Mineral Resources EngineeringProgramme, as part of the evaluationexercise. A lab tour was organized, withpractical discussions and Q & A sessions,with all the second year students duringthe Mining laboratory classes.

In conjunction with the visit a techni-cal talk by Prof. Knights on “MiningResearch at the University ofQueensland” with major topics coveringhis field of expertise on Advance SurfaceMining and Physical Asset Managementwas organized. The talk was attended bythe academic staffs and undergraduatestudents of Mineral ResourcesEngineering, including invited guests fromthe Minerals industry and MineralResearch Centre (PPM), Ipoh, Perak.

PROGRAM “CAMPUS WALK”

1 April 2014 - Program “CampusWalk” telah berjaya diadakan hasil ker-jasama Unit Kesihatan KampusKejuruteraan dan Pusat PengajianKejuruteraan Bahan dan Sumber Mineral.Para peserta terdiri dari warga kampuskejuruteraan yang berkumpul di foyerPPKBSM pada jam 5.15 petang dan diiku-ti dengan sessi memanaskan badansebelum memulakan acara berjalan kakikeliling kampus. Lebih 100 orang telahmelibatkan diri dengan aktiviti ini sebagaimenyokong kempen untuk menggalakkanwarga kampus kejuruteraan supaya senti-asa bersenam dan beriadah bagi menda-patkan tubuh badan yang sihat dan cer-gas. Pada sebelah paginya pula telahdiadakan ujian saringan pemeriksaankesihatan secara percuma kepada stafPPKBSM. Semoga melalui penganjuranprogram seperti ini, kesedaran terhadapkepentingan penjagaan kesihatandikalangan warga kampus kejuruteraanamnya dan warga PPKBSM khususnyadapat dipertingkatkan selaras denganaspirasi Universiti Sains Malaysia.


Prof. Peter Fielden Knights (second from left) with Mineral Resources Engineering

Programme staff

Professor Sam Zhang (sitting four from left) with Materials Engineering Programme staff

PENSYARAH PPKBSM MENDAPATSTATUS ‘PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER’

(PE)

Dua orang pensyarah Pusat PengajianKejuruteraan Bahan dan Sumber Mineral(PPKBSM) telah berjaya mendapatkanstatus ‘Professional Engineer’ (PE) dariInstitut Jurutera Malaysia (IEM). Merekayang dimaksudkan adalah Prof Madya. Ir.Dr. Srimala Sreekantan dan Prof. Madya.Ir. Dr. Syed Fuad Saiyid Hashim.Memulakan khidmat sebagai pensyarah diPPKBSM pada tahun 2006, Prof Madya. Ir.Dr. Srimala Sreekantan mempunyaikepakaran di dalam bidang bahan nanodan sering mengharumkan namaUniversiti Sains Malaysia (USM) melaluipenyelidikan beliau diperingkat nasionaldan antarabangsa. Prof. Madya. Ir. Dr.Syed Fuad Saiyid Hashim pula mempun-yai kepakaran di dalam bidang pempros-esan mineral dan perlombongan.Kepakaran beliau diakui melalui kerja-kerja perundingan yang kerap dilakukanbersama dengan industri mineral dan per-lombongan di Malaysia.

Semoga kejayaan mereka berdua iniakan menjadi pemangkin kepada kaki-tang akademik PPKBSM yang lain untukmenggiatkan usaha bagi mendapatkanstatus ‘Ingineur’ atau singkatannya ‘Irsebagai satu penanda aras pengiktirafanpengetahuan serta kepakaran yang dimi-liki di dalam bidang kejuruteraan masing-masing. Kejayaan ini telah meningkatkanjumlah kakitangan akademik di PPKBSMyang berjaya memperoleh status‘Professional Engineer’ dari tiga kepadalima orang. Usaha ini adalah pentinguntuk membantu PPKBSM di dalam pros-es akreditasi oleh pihak ‘EngineeringAccreditation Counsel’ (EAC) kelak.

MY JOURNEY TO BECOME APROFESSIONAL ENGINEER (BY

ASSOC. PROF. Ir. DR. SRIMALA)

Professional Engineer (PE) means thatyou have committed to work as an engi-neer in an honest, ethical, and transpar-ent manner. It means you will not putfinancial, political, and social gain abovethe public good. You endeavor to practiceyour profession to the highest standardsof accuracy, quality, fairness, appropriate-ness, and accountability. Shortly, PEmeans “you are a competent engineer”and can be trusted to work ethically at alltimes. When you sign your name to a setof engineering drawings or to a reportthat affects the general public, you havetaken the responsibility of being liable ifthe project fails. A PE conveys to the pub-lic’s that you are competent, reliable andtrustworthy engineer. These qualitiesenable you to take the right step and con-tribute reasonable solutions for the prob-lems faced by public citizens.

Knowing the importance of PE, let meshare you my journey in obtaining the PErecognition. I am a material engineer,registered as a Graduate Engineer withBoard of Engineer Malaysia (BEM) in theyear 2005. BEM required a registeredengineer to have a minimum of 3 years ofworking experience, counting after myregistration with the BEM, in order for meto be able to sit for my ProfessionalInterview and Assessment Examination(PI-AE). Only when I successfully pass myPI-AE conducted by IEM, I would be ableofficially register with BEM to obtain myPE status. Thus, I registered withInstitution of Engineers Malaysia (IEM) asa graduate engineer in 2009. Upon regis-tration with IEM as a graduate engineer, Iwas given the title Engr.

I begin my journey by attending vari-ous engineering related training, confer-ences as well as the mandatory coursessuch as Code of Ethics/Regulations,Occupational Safety and Health at Workand Engineering Management Practice tofulfill the requirement of Board ofEngineer to complete the 60 hours PDP.Then I shifted my focus on industrialengineering work to obtain field experi-ence in 2010. Since my research focuseson material development for sustainablefuture, I had various opportunities towork with industries that was keen todevelop a coating that could improveindoor air quality. Vast experience ondesign, management and engineeringwork at field was obtained during myengagement with the industry.

Then, in year 2012, I proceed withapplication for corporate member of IEM.At this stage, two reports were submittedto IEM; one related to professional train-ing and working experiences and theother was a technical report.Approximately after 6 month of submis-

sion, I was called for ProfessionalInterview. At this point, I manage todemonstrate my professional competenceobtained through the various trainings, bydelivering the Experience Report,Technical Report, Oral Examination, EssayWriting - Section A and Section B. I wasalso accessed on my ability to communi-cate clearly both orally and in writing ofmy professional competence. Thank god,I performed the oral and written exami-nation successfully. Later in Jan 2014, Iwas approved for Professional Engineerby BEM and registered officially as an IRin the field of Material on the followingmonth.

Friends, do go for it. It’s a long jour-ney but not beyond your reach as most ofyou would have imagined. Therefore, Iencourage all fresh graduates to registerwith the BEM and IEM as soon as possi-ble after your graduation. It does not onlylegalize your work as an engineer inMalaysia but also a process to assist youto obtain your PE recognition. Just followthe guidelines given by both BEM andIEM, and you will reach your destiny ofIR.

SEKAMPUNG BERSAMAMIMATES

22 Februari 2014 - Program bersamaMIMATES ini diadakan bertujuan untukmendedahkan para pelajar kepadamasyarakat luar bandar dan bukan hanyamenititik beratkan akademik semata-mata tetapi juga nilai insaniah yang perluditerapkan dalam diri pelajar. Program inidiadakan di Kg. Sg. Setar, Nibong Tebal,Pulau Pinang dengan jumlah pesertaseramai 58 orang. Program ini merupakanprogram kemasyarakatan yang bertujuanuntuk memperkenalkan Universiti SainsMalaysia sebagai "Universiti Apex" danPPKBSM kepada masyarakat luar dan


Aktiviti sekampung bersama MIMATES

penduduk kampung. Beberapa objektifprogram telah disenaraikan dandikhaskan untuk mengeratkan ukhuwahbukan sahaja antara mahasiswa- maha-siswi MIMATES dengan para pensyarahdan staf malah juga bersama masyarakatluar. Aktiviti ini dianjurkan oleh ExcoPerhubungan Luar MIMATES. Program inidirasmikan oleh Y.B.Dato' Haji MahmudZakaria, ADUN Sg Acheh Nibong Tebal.Timbalan Dekan Pusat PengajianKejuruteraan Bahan dan Sumber Mineral,Prof. Madya Dr. Hashim Bin Hussin turuthadir pada upacara perasmian.

Pada hari pertama program, parapelajar telah dibahagikan kepada bebera-pa kumpulan dan diagihkan kepada kelu-arga angkat mereka. Pada sebelahpetang, aktiviti ferrosimen telahdijalankan dan didemonstrasi oleh stafUSM dari Pusat Pengajan KejuruteraanBahan dan Sumber Mineral. Hari berikut-nya, para peserta bergotong-royongmembantu penduduk kampung memper-baiki dan menghias kawasan kampungSg. Setar. Aktiviti riadah bersama pen-duduk kampung seperti “explorace”, bolasepak di kawasan bendang dan persem-bahan kebudayaan turut dijalankan.Program berakhir pada pukul 5 petang 23Febuari 2014.

MAJLIS PERPISAHAN STAFPPKBSM

15 Mei 2014 - Satu majlis perpisahantelah diadakan bagi meraikan 3 orangstaf PPKBSM iaitu Prof. Dr. Radzali binOthman yang bersara wajib, En. Suhaimibin Sulong yang berpindah ke JabatanPembangunan, Kampus Kesihatan USMdan Puan Nazik bt. Yusoff yang berpindahke Jabatan Pembangunan, KampusKejuruteraan USM. Prof. Dr. Hanafi Ismailselaku dekan PPKBSM merakamkan set-inggi penghargaan dan terima kasih diatas khidmat yang telah diberikan olehmereka bertiga dan berharap semangatdan komitmen kerja yang telahdipamerkan di PPKBSM akan dapatditeruskan demi kecemerlangan di masahadapan.

LAWATAN INDUSTRI KE SOUTHERN STEEL (M) SDN.BHD

26 Februari 2014 – Seramai 30 orangpelajar tahun dua dari programKejuruteraan Bahan telah mengadakanlawatan industri ke Southern Steel (M)Sdn. Bhd yang terletak di KawasanPerindustrian Prai, Pulau Pinang.Southern Steel (M) Sdn. Bhd merupakanpengeluar utama produk berasaskankeluli di Malaysia. Pelajar terlibat telahdiberikan taklimat secara ringkas berkai-tan proses penghasilan keluli sertadibawa melawat kawasan kilang. Melaluilawatan ini, diharapkan para pelajartelah mendapat sedikit sebanyak pen-galaman serta pendedahan kepada duniapekerjaan sebenar sebagai panduansebelum menjalani latihan industri ditahun tiga nanti.

SEMINAR “PUBLISHING WITHSPRINGER”

25 Jun 2014 – Dr. Ramesh Premnath,iaitu “Publisihing Editor, Applied Science,Springer Singapore” telah dijemput men-gadakan satu seminar bagi menerangkanpeluang-peluang yang sedia ada bagipara penyelidik terutama sekali dariPPKBSM untuk membolehkan hasil kajianmereka dibukukan melalui penerbitanSpringer. Springer merupakan salah satupenerbit buku serta jurnal penyelidikanutama di dunia menggalakkan parapenyelidik untuk membukukan hasilkajian mereka sebagai salah satu carauntuk mengetengahkan dan berkongsipenemuan penyelidikan yang dilakukan.Pendekatan ini telah membuka suatudimensi baru di dalam dunia penyelidikandan penerbitan dan perlu direbut olehwarga PPKBSM khasnya.


Sajak Buat Seorang Profesor

kata orang bijaksana

yang patah akan tumbuh

yang hilang akan berganti

tapi

kata insan yang berhikmah

yang tumbuh tidak sama dengan

yang patah

yang berganti tidak serupa dengan

yang hilang

biar bagaimana cantik yang tumbuh

tapi tak secantik yang patah

biar macamana indah yang berganti

tapi tak seindah yang hilang

ketika ini

baru terasa kehilangannya

baru terasa kerinduan kepadanya

baru terasa benar tegurannya

baru tercari-cari suaranya

baru ternanti-nanti nadanya

baru tertunggu-tunggu sinisnya

baru mengeja-eja bahasanya

dalam getar dia bersuara

demi anak bangsa

kini

dimana dia

kemana dia

tapi ku tau

dia bersama anak bangsa

kerana

yang tumbuh tidak sama

yang hilang tidak serupa

Hasil nukilan MCROSE

Pn. Nazik, Prof. Dr. Radzali dan En. Suhaimi masing-masing menerima cenderahati daripada Dekan

Mutiara Kata

Jangan malu memberikansedikit, kerana pemberian

sedemikian lebih baik daripadatidak memberi sama sekali

SUDOKU COMPETITION 2014PROF. DR. HJ. ZAINAL ARIFIN HJ.

AHMAD’S TROPHY

19th March 2014 - Sudoku 2014Competition was held at Seminar Room,School of Materials and Mineral ResourcesEngineering. This is the 7th SudokuCompetition which first started in 2007.The purpose of this competition is to giveparticipants a platform where they canapply their creativity and critical thinkingwhile solving the Sudoku puzzles.

Unlike normal crossword puzzles,Sudoku puzzle tested the participant onhow they think and not on what theyknow. A total of 77 participants participat-ed in the competition comprising of 14staff, 37 postgraduate students and 27undergraduate students. Aside from that,Sudoku 2014 Competition also attractedInternational students’ interest. Studentsfrom Libya, Iraq, Indonesia, Thailand andCambodia also participated in this compe-tition.

Each participant was instructed tosolve 2 Sudoku puzzles within 40 minutes.Winners were judged by how fast theycould solve the puzzles without any mis-take. Prizes were given to the top 10 par-ticipants who successfully solved bothSudoku puzzles without any error. Theoverall winner for Sudoku 2014Competition was Ong Soon Lin (School ofElectric and Electronic Engineering) whomanaged to solve both Sudoku puzzleswithin 5 minutes. He was awarded withthe Championship trophy, a certificate ofachievement and a hamper. The Sudoku’sorganizer would like to congratulate allthe winners and would like to thank oursponsors, our committee members andthe participants.

KEJOHANAN BOWLING TERTUTUPPIALA PROF. DR. HAZIZAN MD AKIL

2014

18 Jun 2014 - Satu kejohanan bowlingtertutup iaitu Kejohanan Bowling PialaProf. Dr. Hazizan Md. Akil telah diadakandi Megamall, Seberang Perai, PulauPinang yang berlangsung dari jam 8.00sehingga 11.00 malam. Kejohanan terse-but mendapat sambutan dan disertai olehkakitangan dan pelajar ijazah lanjutandari PPKBSM, Universiti Sains Malaysiadengan penyertaan 23 pasukan dan seti-ap pasukan mempunyai tiga pemain mas-ing-masing. Kejohanan ini terbahagikepada 4 kategori iaitu kategori kakitan-gan (perempuan dan lelaki) dan kategoripelajar (perempuan dan lelaki).

Piala pusingan kejohonana telah berjayadirangkul oleh pasukan staf. Ucapansyabas dan terima kasih kepada semuapeserta kejohanan bowling pada tahun ini

atas kerjasama dan semangat berpa-sukan yang telah ditunjukkan. Semogaberjumpa lagi di Kejohanan BowlingTertutup Piala Prof. Dr. Hazizan Md Akil2015 pula.

P-GRAD SUPER SERIES 2014 BADMINTON TOURNAMENT

PROF. DR. HANAFI ISMAIL TROPHY

21st June 2014 - P-Grad Super SeriesProf. Dr. Hanafi Ismail trophy is bad-minton tournament, which organizedannually by Postgraduate Student Club(PGSC), School of Materials and MineralResources Engineering (SMMRE),Universiti Sains Malaysia. The aims fororganizing this tournament are to encour-age the interest for badminton sport andstrengthen the relationship among post-graduate student as well as staff in USMEngineering Campus.

The tournament consist of two maincategories - men doubles and womendoubles are particularly opened to allpostgraduate students and staff in USMEngineering Campus. The P-Grad SuperSeries Cup for men doubles and womendoubles were sponsored by Prof. Dr.Hanafi Ismail who hopes that the tourna-ment will benefit USM EngineeringCampus in many aspects. The tourna-ment started from 8.00 am to 1.00 pm atUSM Engineering Sport Complex with thesupport from 32 participants. This year’smen double’s champion was won by MohdHafidz Abdullah and his partnerMuhammad Sarif Mohd Rapiai. Whereas,the champion for women doubles catego-ry went to Ng Chai Yan dan Van Tze Che.

P-GRAD Super Series Prof. Dr. HanafiIsmail Trophy 2014 Director, Ooi ZhongXian is hoping that next year’s event cancontinue to get the support as well asparticipants, not only from SMMRE but

also from other schools. See you againnext year for P-GRAD Super Series Prof.Dr. Hanafi Ismail Trophy 2015.

SUKAN TAHUNAN MIMATES 2014

14-27 April 2014 – Persatuan pelajarPPKBSM (MIMATES) telah menganjurkansukan tahunan MIMATES 2014. Objektifutama penganjuran acara ini adalahuntuk mengeratkan lagi hubungan silatu-rahim sesama pelajar serta di kalanganstaf PPKBSM selain mencungkil bakat ter-pendam dalam kalangan mereka.Pelbagai acara telah dipertandingkanantaranya, bola sepak, sepak takraw, fut-sal dan bola tampar. Persaingan yangsihat berjaya diwujudkan di sampingmemupuk semangat kesukanan yangtinggi dikalangan para pelajar dan stafPPKBSM. Para pemenang telah diraikansemasa majlis jamuan makan malamMIMATES. Sekalung tahniah dizahirkankepada pihak MIMATES di atas penganju-ran aktiviti ini dan diharapkan di masahadapan aktiviti yang bermanfaat sepertiini dapat dianjurkan lagi bukan sahajauntuk melahirkan warga yang mempunyaitubuh badan yang sihat bahkan jugamempunyai kecergasan dan kecerdasanminda yang tinggi.


Hadiah disampaikan oleh Prof. Dr. Hazizan (kanan) kepada pemenang Kejohanan Bowling

Tertutup

Mutiara Kata

Isteri cerdik dan solehah mampu

mengubah padang pasir kepada taman buahan

yang indah


List of SMMRE Postgraduate Students Viva from January-June 2014

No. Student Nama / Date Degree Title of Thesis Name of Supervisor

1 Dede Miftahul Anwar

7 January 2014

MSc Dispersion of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Nanostructured Oxide Film for

Structured Nanocatalyst SystemProf. Madya Dr. Zainovia LockmanProf. Madya Dr. Khairunisak Abdul Razak

2 Shamala a/p Ramasamy

8 January 2014

MSc Preparation and Characterization of Rice Husk Powder Filled Natural

Rubber Latex FoamProfesor Dr. Hanafi Ismail

3 Sharifah Aishah binti Syed Salim

9 January 2014

MSc Dielectric Properties Modification of NiO Using ZrO2 and CaO Dr. Julie Juliewatty MohamedProfesor Dr. Zainal Arifin Ahmad

4 Norhuda Hidayah binti Nordin

16 January 2014

MSc Synthesis and Properties of Carbazole Substituted Polydimethylsiloxane

for LED EncapsulationProf. Madya Dr. Zulkifli AhmadDr. Nadras Othman

5 Asmah binti Mat Taib

27 January 2014

PhD Gas Sensing Activities of Sub-Micron Silicon Wire Arrays Fabricated by

Atomic Force Microscopy LithographyProf. Madya Dr. Sabar Derita HutagalungProfesor Dr. Othman Sidek

6 Mathialagan a/l Muniyadi

13 February 2014

PhD Preparation and Properties of Bentonite Filled Ethylene Propylene Diene

Monomer CompositesProfesor Dr. Hanafi Ismail

7 Muhammad Firdaus Mohd Nazeri

18 February 2014

PhD Corrosion Study of Sn-Zn Based Lead-Free Solder in Alkaline Solution Prof. Madya Dr. Ahmad Azmin MohamadProf. Madya Ahmad Badri Ismail

8 Chan Yim Leng

13 March 2014

MSc Synthesis of ZnO, V2O5 and MnO2 Photocatalysts on PET Fiber for

Degradation of RhB DyeDr. Pung Swee YongProf. Madya Ir Dr. Srimala Sreekantan

9 Muhammad Razak bin Osman

7 April 2014

MSc The Effects of Hybridization on Natural Weathering Exposure and

Hygrothermal Aging on the Properties of PultrudedKenaf Fiber Reinforced

Unsaturated Polyester Composites

Profesor Dr. Hazizan Md AkilProfesor Dr. Zainal Arifin Mohd Ishak

10 Junidah binti Abdul Shukor

8 April 2014

PhD Silanization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Via Free Radical Treatment

as Filler in the Epoxy NanocompositeProfesor Dr. Azizan AzizProfesor Ir. Dr. Mariatti Jaafar

11 Hafed Ibrahim Ihmida Ahmed

14 April 2014

PhD A Study on Tungsten-Copper Composites Produced Via Combination of

Liquid Phase Sintering and Liquid Infiltration TechniquesProfesor Dr. Azizan AzizProfesor Dr. Azmi Rahmat

12 Khalid Abdalla Yousif Sulaiman

23 April 2014

PhD Effect of Phosphating Parameters and Activation Pretreatments on the

Growth and Corrosion Resistance of Zinc Phosphate Coating Formed on

Mild Steel

Profesor Dr. Azizan AzizProfesor Dr. Azmi Rahmat

13 Quah Hock Jin

24 April 2014

PhD Investigation of RF-Magnetron Sputtered Y2O3, AI2O3, and Y2O3/AI2O3 2-

Dimensional Nanostructures on Silicon and Gallium Nitride SubstratesProf. Madya Ir. Dr. Cheong Kuan Yew

14 Teguh Darsono

15 May 2014

PhD Study of Electron Transport on Gold Nanodot-Silicon Interface Grown by

Scanning Probe MicroscopeProf. Madya Dr. Sabar Derita HutagalungProfesor Dr. Zainal Arifin AhmadProf. Madya Ir. Dr. Cheong Kuan Yew

15 Mohamad Danial Shafiq

19 May 2014

MSc Peparation and Properties of Rubber Seed Shell Flour (RSSF) – Filled

Polypropylene (PP) CompositesProfesor Dr. Hanafi Ismail Profesor Dr. Azlan Ariffin

16 Marjan Safarzadeh

20 May 2014

MSc Joining of Alumina-Based Ceramics to 6061 Aluminum Alloy by Friction

WeldingProfesor Dr. Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Noor

17 Ooi Chee Heong

22 May 2014

MSc Urea Adsorption by Nanoporous Activated Carbon Derived From Empty

Fruit Bunch and Palm Kernel ShellDr. Yeoh Fei Yee

18 Lim Way Foong

22 May 2014

PhD Investigation of Metal-Organic Decomposed Lanthanum Cerium Oxide as

Metal Reactive Oxide Deposited on Silicon and 4H-Silicon Carbide

Substrates

Prof. Madya Ir. Dr. Cheong Kuan YewProf. Madya Dr. Zainovia Lockman

19 Mohammad Saleh Gorji

23 May 2014

MSc Fabrication and Characterization of Embedded Gold Nanoparticles in

Metal Contacts for Silicon and Silicon Carbide-Based DevicesProf. Madya Ir. Dr. Cheong Kuan YewProf. Madya Dr. Khairunisak Abdul Razak

20 Ku Esyra Hani binti Ku Ishak

30 May 2014

MSc Modelling and Simulation of Air Classifier in Cement Manufacturing Prof. Madya Ir. Dr. Syed Fuad SaiyidHashim

21 Indrajith Udayakantha Walakul

Geekiyanage Rathnaya

12 June 2014

PhD Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Based

Antimicrobial Natural Rubber Latex FoamProfesor Dr. Hanafi Ismail Prof. Madya Dr. Baharin Azahari

22 Sharmiwati binti Mohammed

Sharif

17 June 2014

PhD Development of Porous Ceramic Sponge as Catalyst Support for

Hydrotalcite in the Production of BiodieselProfesor Dr. Zainal Arifin AhmadProf. Madya Dr. Mohd Roslee Othman

23 Nor Hasmaniza Husna binti

Shuhaimi

19 June 2014

MSc Use of a Natural Antioxidant From ElaeisGuineensis (Oil Palm Leaves) as

an Ageing Retardant for Natural Rubber Compound

Dr. Nadras Othman

Profesor Dr. Hanafi Ismail

Dr. Sasidharan Sreenivasan

24 Banu a/p Poobalan

25 June 2014

PhD Development of SiO2 Thin Film on 4H-SiC by Direct Thermal Oxidation

and Post Oxidation Annealing Techniques in HNO3& H2O Vapour

Prof. Madya Ir. Dr. Cheong Kuan Yew

25 Roshasnorlyza binti Hazan

26 June 2014

PhD Surface Engineering of Titanium Based Metal for Cell Interaction Prof. Madya Ir. Dr. Srimala Sreekantan

Profesor Dr. Ishak Mat

26 Siti Nor Qurratu Aini binti Abd

Aziz

26 June 2014

MSc Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanorode Dr. Pung Swee Yong

Prof. Madya Dr. Zainovia Lockman


KEJURUTERAAN BAHAN

TAHUN 1

LEE ANGIE

LOH WAI CHEONG

TAN JIA SHENG

SOO KUAN LIM

LIM ZE EN

OOI CHIA YING

TAN PENG PHIN

WONG KAE YUAN

AARON TAN CHENG SHIONG

TEH JIN JIAN

TAN JOO KEAN

ONG GUAT LING

THOR JIN ANN

ONG YEE CHIN

CHEAH WEI KIAN

SOO SOCK KUAN

LOH YIING FEN

KHOR YONG LING

TAHUN 2

WONG PHUI JIN

BEH CHIN YE

TANG CHIN WUI

CHONG SU FANG

NG PHOOI YAN

OOI SHEE MIN

HO HONG HUI

HOO XIAO FEN

LIM SHI HONG

CHAN JI KIT

LEONG QIAO LIN

LOW SU YEIAN

TENG JIN WEN

LOO FOONG LING

TAN ZHI QIN

WONG SI MIN

LEE WEI KEAN

CH'NG MUN SUNN

YONG XUAN HUI

FOONG SUET KAY

LAW HON KIN

LEONG TENG TENG

TAHUN 3

NEOH SOO HUAN

YEAP CHEOK KUANG

TAI LEE SIN

LIM CHUI NING

NG ZI SHIN

GOH THENG TYNG

LEE CHEE KEAT

MABEL DE CUNHA

LIANG SHU YI

CHUA PEI CHING

QUAH WEI LUN

LIEW XUE MING

CHUAH WEI HOONG

LOY LIANG SOON

LEE JIN LING

TAHUN 4

SITI NURHIATUL ZUKNI BINTI JUSOH

TEI SEOK HEAN

CHANG CHI HSIUNG

ONG BOON KIAN

SEO YUAN SIENG

CHUAH YORK KEEN

CHAN TZE PING

CHEW ZHU ANN

TAN MAY WEN

TAY CHU YEN

TEW CHOON CONG

TOW MAN FERN

KUEH SHAO HONG

ONG CHIN SIANG

YONG JING HUI

BONG PENG HOOI

KEJURUTERAAN SUMBER MINERAL

TAHUN 1

DOUGLAS BONG LIP SENG

MAISARAH BINTI AHMAD BAKARI

TAHUN 2

-TIADA-

TAHUN 3

SOONG YEE CHEN

TAHUN 4

UN JIA JIA

WAN ATIKAH BINTI WAN AZALAN

MACLIVE WILKINSON ANAK AGAM

KEJURUTERAAN POLIMER

TAHUN 1

CHIEW KUAN ZHENG

SOO HUI FEN

GOH YIK XIANG

LAW YEONG SHYANG

LOH LEH HEE

JONG CHENG KIAT

GAN IVY

NEO EN PEI

THAI GAR LOCK

TEH YE SAM

CHAI POI SENG

TAHUN 2

KUWN MOEI TING

LEE KAH CHOON

LING LEE YING

LIM WEI CHUN

SIN YIN TIN

JOYCE A/P MICHAEL RETNASINGAM

CHUA LIAN TATT

LEE CHEE KEONG

WANG LEONG KWAN

TAHUN 3

NUR SHUHADA BINTI MOHAMAD

RAFFI

NAFEESA BINTI MOHAMAD SHUKRI

TEO ZU XIAN

NUR FAZREEN BINTI ALIAS

LEONG HUI THENG

TEOH ZHIXUAN

LIM KAR WAI

LIM WEY SONG

BEH KAH BOON

MAK SOK YEE

TAHUN 4

NUR FARHANA BINTI ASUL KAHAR

NUUR SYUHADA BINTI DZULKAFLY

YEOH WEI LIN

AIDA ARINA BINTI AHMAD TAJUDDIN

LIM YEE HUI

MINCE LEONG YEN SHEE

THEN JIE WEN

SENARAI SIJIL DEKAN SEMESTER I, SIDANG AKADEMIK 2013/2014SIJIL DEKAN

SENARAI STAF PENTADBIRAN YANG BERTUKAR TEMPAT BERTUGAS

BIL NAMA JAWATAN TARIKH

KUATKUASA

1 ENCIK SUHAIMI SULONG PENOLONG JURUTERA JA29 01.06.2014

2 PUAN NAZIK BINTI YUSOFF PEMBANTU TADBIR (P/O) N22 15.05.2014


SENARAI STAF BARU YANG BERTUGAS DI PPKBSM


KUATKUASA1 DR. SUHAINA BINTI ISMAIL PENSYARAH UNIVERSITI DS51 27.03.2014

2 DR. TUTI KATRINA BINTI ABDULLAH PENSYARAH UNIVERSITI DS51 27.03.2014

3 DR. SYAZANA BINTI AHMAD ZUBIR PENSYARAH UNIVERSITI DS51 14.04.2014

4 DR. TEUKU ANDIKA RAMA PUTRA PENSYARAH UNIVERSITI DS51 27.06.2014

5 CIK BADILAH BINTI BAHAROM PEMBANTU TADBIR (P/O) N22 (KUP) 15.05.2014

6 ENCIK JUNAIDI BIN RAMLI PENOLONG JURUTERA JA29 02.06.2014

No. Date Name Organization Purpose1. 07.01.2014 Mitsugu Todo Kyushu University, Japan Research Collaboration2. 20.01.2014 Kuan Eu Jin

Wan Abdul RahmanJariyah Hashim

Northern Corridor implementation authority Research Collaboration

3. 13.02.2014 Shuji Owada Wased University, Tokyo, Japan Research Collaboration4. 17.02.2014 Neng Sri Suhaily Universitas Utara Sumatera, Indonesia Research Collaboration5. 18.02.2014 Kunio Ishikawa Kyushu University, Japan Research Collaboration

6. 18.02.2014 Zairossani Mohd Nor Malaysian Rubber Board, Sg. Buloh Research Collaboration 7. 26.02.2014 Atsuji Ito

Tashiro TakedaMasaru Zako

Osaka University, Japan Research Collaboration

8. 04.03.2014 Sam Zhang Nanyang Tech. University, Singapore External Examiner

9. 10.03.2014 Tsubasa Otake Sapporo, Japan Research Collaboration10. 11.03.2014 Fumitake Takahashi Tokyo Institute of Tech., Japan Research Collaboration11. 27.03.2014 Shin Mukai Hokkaido University, Japan Research Collaboration12. 10.04.2014 Tokumitsu Kobayashi

Kultira Tangtatsuras

AUN/Seed-Net Secretariate Research Collaboration

13 25.04.2014 Ooi Ching Hock Coraza Systems Research Collaboration

14 25.04.2014 Lars-Goran Israelsson

Christer Larsson

BAE Bofors Research Collaboration

15 14.05.2014 Peter Knights University of Queensland, Australia External Examiner

16 18.06.2014 David Lacey

P’ng Soo Hui

Osram Opto Semiconductor, Penang Research Collaboration

Visitors to the SMMRE (January to June 2014)

STAF BERSARA WAJIP

ANUGERAH PERKHIDMATAN CEMERLANG USM 2013

PPKBSM mengucapkan tahniah dan syabas kepada penerima Anugerah Perkhidmatan Cemerlang (APC) 2013

1. Profesor Dr. Hazizan bin Md akil

2. Prof. Madya Ir. Dr. Cheong Kuan Yew

3. Prof. Madya Dr. Zulkifli bin Mohamad Ariff

4. Prof. Madya Dr. Hashim bin Hussin

5. Puan Noor Asmah binti Redzuan

6. Encik Zulkarnian bin Hasbolah

7. Encik Norshahrizol bin Nordin

8. Puan Norhaizan binti Mahamad Shari


KUATKUASA

1 PROF. DR. RADZALI BIN OTHMAN PROFESOR VK5 05.05.2014

SULFURIC ACID LEACHING OF LOWGRADE MANGANESE ORE USING

BAMBOO DUST: FACTORIAL DESIGN

Suhaina Ismail, Norazharuddin Shah Abdullah,

Hashim Hussin, Syed Fuad Saiyid Hashim

Strategic Mineral Niche Area, School of Materials and Mineral ResourcesEngineeringEngineering Campus, Universiti SainsMalaysia,14300 Nibong Tebal, PulauPinang, Malaysia

ABSTRACTIn this study, bamboo dust was used asreducing agent for H2SO4 leaching of lowgrade manganese. Mineral phase charac-terization on low grade manganeseshowed that the ore consist of phases ofpyrolusite, α-quartz and goethite.Meanwhile, the biomass composition ofBSD used in this work contains 38.96%cellulose, 26.95% hemi-cellulose and25.86% lignin. The leaching studies wereperformed under various acid sulfuricconcentration (0.8-1.6M) and amount ofthe bamboo dust (4-8g). All of the exper-iments were carried out at 4 hours leach-ing time with 10% of pulp density at theelevated temperature of 90oC. Regressionequations for the Mn recovery was deter-mined on the basis a 22 + s factorial planwith 3 central point. It was observed thatthe recovery of manganese reached89.14% using 1.2 M H2SO4 and 6 g ofbamboo dust with low dissolution of iron.The factorial design showed that the acidsulfuric and bamboo mass gives positiveeffect on Mn recovery. Whilst, bamboodust can be used for manganese leachingwhich this method provides a goodextraction yield while making a productiveuse of bamboo dust. Keywords: H2SO4 leaching, low grademanganese ore, bamboo dust, factorialdesign

1.0 Introduction

Manganese plays an important role inmany fields, such as steel production,preparation of dietary additives, fertiliz-ers, cells, fine chemicals (Sahoo et al.,2001 & El Hazek et al., 2006) manganesemetal and battery grade manganeseoxide (Hariprasad, 2009). In response tothe demand, the low grade manganesenow started to be mined and variousroutes have been developed for process-ing low grade manganese. Many processes have been investigatedfor the recovery of Mn from LGMO includ-ing pyro-hydrometallurgy or directhydrometallurgy treatment using differentkinds of lixiviant and reducing agent. The

utilization of agricultural or industrialwaste as reductant has generated consid-erable recent research interest. The appli-cation of the waste as potential reductanthas been investigated by severalresearcher with high Mn recovery (over90% with short reaction time in mildacidic condition) (Zhang and Cheng, 2007& Trifoni et al., 2000). A survey of previ-ous literature on reductive leaching ofLGMO provides no clues as to whethersuch interaction between the importantprocess parameters in a low grade man-ganese leaching process exists or not.This is because in previous studies one-factor-at-a-time methodology has beenused to optimize the selected parameters.The advantages of factorial designapproach, it is to consider any possibleinteraction between the factors involves inMn leaching process.The optimization of the operating condi-tions was carried out by performing facto-rial designs and statistical analysis ofexperiments data (ANOVA) to detect sig-nificance effect and to develop empiricallinear models accounting for the effect ofthe most influential factor. The aim of this work is to maximize theinformation and minimize experimentalwork and to evaluate statistically the sig-nificance of the principle effects and pos-sible interactions among the investigatedfactors; effect of H2SO4 concentration andeffect of bamboo amount as a reducingagent.

2.0 Experimental

2.1 MaterialsThe representative samples of the bulklow grade manganese ore were collectedfrom Sungai Temau, Pahang, Malaysia.Sample was ground and screened at size<75 µm. The semi-quantitative chemicalanalyses of low grade Mn ore were quan-tified by X-ray fluorescence. The results ofchemical analysis on bulk material (Table1) show that Si is the most abundant ele-

ment followed by Mn. The mineral phasesof low grade Mn were identified by X-raydiffraction analysis. The obtained diffrac-togram was identical to standard diffrac-tion mineral pattern and Table 1 showsthat the ore exhibit of Mn oxide and oth-ers are quartz and aluminum-goethite.The bamboo dust at size < 260µm wereused as reducing agent which supplied byFRIM. The proximate analyses of bamboodust are given in Table 2.

2.2 Leaching TestThe leaching experiments were conduct-ed in two neck flat bottom flask (volume250 ml) joint with condenser andattached with thermometer. The flask wasimmersed in silicon oil bath and agitatedwith hot plate magnetic stirrer. The exper-imental set up and procedure is slightlymodified from Hariprasad (2007). About10 g manganese ore was added to the(according to stoichiometry) sulfuric acidsolution then the bamboo dust was addedwhich obtained ore slurry will then agitat-ed at the required temperature using hotmagnetic plate. At completion, the slurrywere filtered and the residue was washwith distilled water and dried at 105oC for24 hour whereas the leach liquor werediluted for manganese and iron values byusing AAS (AAnalyst 700, Perkin Elmer).

2.3 2k factorial designTwo factors were investigated in the first series of leaching test; sulfuric acids con-centration and reducing agent (bamboodust) amount according to the selectedexperimental conditions. The first set ofexperimental condition were planned onthe basis a 22 + s factorial plan with 3central point. Central point replicatesobtained will estimate the experimentalerror of leaching experiment. The level oftwo factors considered in factorial designwere evaluated with respect to stoichio-metric value, calculated due to overallreduction reaction as reported by Veglio &Toro (1994):


Article 1

Fluorescence Diffraction

Element % weight Mineral phases Formula

Mn

Si

Fe

Al

K

Ti

Mg

Ca

Na

13.12

16.05

4.63

4.70

0.92

0.31

0.21

0.07

0.04

pyrolusite

α-quartz

Aluminum-goethite

Not detected

Not detected

Not detected

Not detected

Not detected

MnO2

SiO2

Fe-AlOOH

-

-

-

-

-

Table 1: Elemental analysis and mineralogical analyses by XRF and XRD

Biomass Constituent (%) % Ash

Cellulose

Hemicellulose

Lignin

38.96

26.95

25.86

2.86

Table 2: Proximate analysis of the bamboo dust (FRIM)

C6H12O6 + 12MnO2 + 24H+ = 6CO2

+12Mn2+ + 18H2O (1)

According to the above equation, eachmole of MnO2 requires 2 moles of H+ and1/12 moles glucose, assuming that allmanganese present as Mn (IV). Threesamples were leached under same condi-tions, as determined by the central pointof the factorial (double acids and doublereducing agent). Leaching condition ofeach test is shown in Table 3.

2.4 Data analysisThe experimental results will be examinedby the analysis of variance (ANOVA)(Veglio et al., 2001) to estimate the signif-icance and interaction between two inves-tigated factor; H2SO4 concentration &bamboo amount during leaching test. Thesignificance of terms was tested using F-test. Factors having statistical significancehigher than 95% were considered signifi-cant.Table 3: 2 2 +s factorial design for reduc-tive Mn leachingSize of ore: « 75 µmTemperature: 90oCDuration of leach: 4 hourWeight of ore: 10 gram

3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

3.1 Effect of sulfuric acids concen-tration and amount of bamboo dustThe factorial test studied the influence ofacid concentration and amount of thebamboo dust; with lower sulfuric levelchosen as 1 and the higher level chosenas 2 times and the central point was setto 1.5 times to the stoichiometry set byEq (1). Stoichiometry. The results of thetests are presented in Table 4 and itshows that a stoichiometry quantity wasinsufficient to leach all the manganesebut there is 11.25% increase in extractionof Mn with increasing bamboo dustamount at stochiometry quantity. Withlower amount of acid the rate of fragmen-tation or hydrolysis of bamboo dust maybe slow resulting in less release of carbo-hydrate subunits (Hariprasad, 2007). Reducing action of bamboo dust dependson the degree of hydrolysis which in turndepends on the amount of acids used.C6H12O6 indicates that cellulosic part ofbiomass is composed α-D-glucose unit(Van der Weijden, 2002). Acids hydrolysisrelease sugars like glucose, galactose andmannose from cellulose and the releasesugar especially glucose only act asreductant. Concentrated H2SO4 disrupts

the hydrogen bonding of cellulose makingit amorphous in nature. De-crystallizationof cellulose leads to gelation with acids. Mn extraction around 83-89% can beachieved at 1.5 times stoichiometry withlower iron dissolution while with increas-ing sulfuric concentration gives the highdissolution of iron. Although the amountof iron in the ore is significantly lowerthan manganese, its reveal that hematitealso contribute to the H+ consumptionbecause the dissolution of hematiterequires highly acidic medium and influ-ence by the crystallinity of the mineral. The presence of metal such as iron, alu-minum in the ore gangue can cause anoticeable acids consumption (Veglio,1994).

3.2 Analysis of varianceThe effect of a stoichiometry absence ofsulfuric acids and bamboo amount wereinvestigated at 90oC using 10% pulp den-sity. Max and min levels for sulfuric acidsconcentrations and bamboo amount were2 times stoichiometry and 1 time stoi-chiometry with the central point set at 1.5time.The factorial test results were analyzed bythe analysis of the variance (ANOVA).


Variables Low Level

(-)

Base level

(0)

High Level

(+)

H2SO4 Concentration (M)

Bamboo amount (g)

0.8

4

1.2

6

1.6

8

Test

Factors % Extraction

H2SO4 Concentration (M) Bamboo amount (g) Mn Fe

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0.8

0.8

1.6

1.6

1.2

1.2

1.2

4

8

4

8

6

6

6

48.85

60.10

52.11

82.16

89.14

83.21

89.58

26.93

22.72

34.95

47.74

39.00

42.60

34.95

Table 3: 2 2 +s factorial design for reductive Mn leaching

Table 4: Reductive leaching of manganese with bamboo: factors and results

Table 5: Analysis Variances for %Mn and % Fe extraction

Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P

% Mn Main effect

2-way interaction

Curvature

Residual error

Pure Error

Total

2

1

1

2

2

6

586.70

88.36

1526.27

128.58

128.58

6329.91

586.70

88.36

1526.27

128.58

128.58

293.35

88.36

1526.27

64.29

64.29

4.56

1.37

23.74

0.180

0.362

0.040

% Fe Main effect

2-way interaction

Curvature

Residual error

Pure Error

Total

2

1

1

2

2

6

291.31

72.25

133.31

13.78

13.78

510.66

291.31

72.25

133.31

13.78

13.78

145.657

72.250

133.308

6.892

6.892

21.13

10.48

19.34

0.045

0.084

0.048

DF= Degree of Freedom; Seq. SS= Sequential Sum of Squares; Adj. SS=Adjusted Sum of Square; F= Fishers’ test data; P=

Hypothesis

in Table 5 reveals that the sulfuric acidsconcentrations does not significantly influ-ence manganese whereas positivelyaffects on iron dissolution under theinvestigated conditions. Bamboo amountdoes not significantly influence for bothmetals. Not surprisingly the broad varia-tion between R2 value (94.4%, 97.30%)and R2 adjusted (83.44%, 91.90%) forboth metals shows that the variationoccurred from another sources. Theinvestigated factors such as leaching tem-perature, leaching time, pulp density andparticle size effect should be added foranother series test. Moreover the ANOVAresults show that the curvature is signifi-cance for both metals.

Then, ANOVA results were used to derivea simple linear mathematical model inorder to measure of goodness of fit of aregression model. The regression modelequation can be written as:

YMn = 23.6 + 15.8 X1 +5.16 X2 (2)YFe = 5.6 + 20.7 X1 +1.07 X2 (3)

Where YMn and YFe are the percenta-gaes of Mn and Fe extracted, respective-ly. The adequancies of Eqs (2) and (3) weretested by Fisher’s test. In table for theboth metal extractions it can be interpret-ed that more variable should be added tothe model to obtain a good model whichthe R2 is closeness to R2 adjusted. Fromthe Eqs (2) and (3) it can be interpretedthat sulfuric and bamboo amount havepositive effect on present study. Thus,sulfuric concentration and bambooamount will keep investigate for the nextleaching series.

4.0 ConclusionsA reductive leaching process for a lowgrade manganese ore has been success-fully tested using sulfuric acid and bam-boo dust as reducing agent. The resultsindicates that Mn extraction around 83-89% can be achieved at 1.5 times stoi-chiometry with lower iron dissolutionwhile with increasing sulfuric concentra-tion gives the high dissolution of iron.Almost complete leaching of manganesewas realized under these conditions; 1.6Msulfuric acid concentration and 6 g bam-boo amount at 90oC leaching tempera-ture. Bamboo dust is potentially reducingagent for Malaysian low grade manganeseore. It was good even for high silica con-taining ore.

From the regression equation it can beinterpreted that sulfuric and bambooamount have positive effect on presentstudy. Thus, sulfuric concentration andbamboo amount will keep investigate forthe next leaching series. The investigatedfactors such as leaching temperature,leaching time, pulp density and particlesize effect should be added for another

series test.

ReferencesEl Hazek, M.N., T.A. Lasheen, and

A.S. Helal, 2006. Reductive leaching ofmanganese from low grade Sinai ore inHCl using H2O2 as reductant.Hydrometallurgy, 84(3-4): p. 187-191.

Hariprasad, D., M. Ghosh, and S.Anand, 2009. Dried leaves — Novelreductant for acid leaching of manganeseore. Transactions of the Indian Institute ofMetals. 62(6): p. 551-554.

Hariprasad, D. et al., 2007. Leachingof manganese ores using sawdust as areductant. Minerals Engineering,. 20(14):p. 1293-1295.

Montgomery, D.C., 1991. Design andAnalysis of Experiments. 3rd edition.,United States of America: John Wiley &Sons, Inc. 645.

Sahoo, P.K. and K.S. Rao, 1989.Sulphation-roasting of low-grade man-ganese ores -- Optimisation by factorialdesign. International Journal of MineralProcessing. 25(1-2): p. 147-152.

Sahoo, R.N., P.K. Naik, and S.C. Das,2001. Leaching of manganese from low-grade manganese ore using oxalic acid asreductant in sulphuric acid solution.Hydrometallurgy, 62(3): p. 157-163.

Trifoni, M., Veglio, F., Taglieri, G andToro, L., 2000. Acid Leaching Process byUsing Glucose as Reducing Agent: AComparison Among The Efficiency ofDifferent Kinds of Manganiferous Ores.Minerals Engineering, 13(2), pp.217-221.

Van der Weijden, R.D. et al., 2002.Copper recovery from copper(II) sulfatesolutions by reduction with carbohy-drates. Hydrometallurgy, 64(2): p. 131-146.

Veglio, F. and L. Toro, 1994. Reductiveleaching of a concentrate manganesedioxide ore in acid solution: stoichiometryand preliminary kinetic analysis.International Journal of MineralProcessing. 40(3-4): p. 257-272.

Veglio, F., Trifoni, M., Pagnanelli, F. andToro, L., 2001. Shrinking Core Model withVariable Activation Energy: A KineticModel of Manganiferrous Ore Leachingwith Sulphuric Acid and Lactose.Hydrometallurgy, 60, pp.167-179.

Zhang, W. and Cheng, C.Y., 2007.Manganese Metallurgy Review. Part I:Leaching of Ores/Secondary Materials andRecovery of Electrolytic/ChemicalManganese Dioxide. Hydrometallurgy,89(3-4), pp.137-159.

MONITORING CHEMICAL CHANGESON SURFACE OF BOROSILICATE

GLASS COVER DURING SILANISATION PROCESS

Gerard Fernando1

Zulkifli Ahmad2

1School of Metallurgy and MaterialEngineering, Birmingham University,Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK

2School of Material and MineralResources, Universiti Sains Malaysia,14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang Malaysia.

ABSTRACTA detailed study on modification ofborosilicate glass surface was performedusing strong acid followed by silanisationusing 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacry-late. ATR-FTIR and EDX analysis wasused to identify the chemical changes andmonitoring using contact angle measure-ment.

1.0 IntroductionIt has been established that glass surfaceconsist of silanol groups which can incor-porate sensing materials and variousreagents [1]. Works relating to opticalfibre sensor and biomolecular patterninghave adopted this general method of fab-rication. Surprisingly, there is a starkambiguity in the nature of attachment ofthe supporting matrix onto the glass sur-face. This work demonstrates a direct evi-dence in monitoring progress of borosili-cate glass surface modification using ATR-FTIR. It utilised a simpler and safer routeof concentrated sulfuric acid (30%). EDXand contact angle measurement corrobo-rated well with the finding from the ATR-FTIR results.

2.0 Experimental.Materials: 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate (TMSM), sulphuric acidFixanal (0.1 mol). Borosilicate glass coverVWR International (22 X 22 mm, thick-ness number 1.5). Methods: Glass covers were soaked intothe solution of sulphuric acid (30%) for6h and 12h at room temperature. Theywere clean with deionised water untilneutral then rinsed with acetone anddried. A mixture of dried acetone (5 ml),TMSM (0.5 ml) and deionised water (0.5ml) were mixed thoroughly in a flaskenveloped with black adhesive coating.Acid treated glass was placed into theflask and left stirring at room temperaturefor 24 h. The glass samples were thenthoroughly rinsed with acetone, sonicatedin acetone for 10 mins, and left dry in vac-uum desiccators prior to analysis.

Measurement Surface contact angle was performedusing water and ethylene glycol as probeliquids based on Owens-Wendt-Kaelbleequation [2]:

ATR-FTIR spectrum were taken usingThermoscientific Nicolet 8799. EDXmeasurement was under- taken usingJEOL JSM-6060 LV accelerating volt 20kVand working distance of 10 mm.


Article 2

3.0 Result and DiscussionAlthough not using piranha solution (70%sulfuric acid:30% hydrogen peroxide)[13] as hydroxylation agent, utilising 30%conc. sulfuric acid under a longer durationcould be equally achievable. The reactionscheme involved is shown as in Scheme1:

The first step was performed for 6 h and12 h respectively followed by silanisationusing TMSM over 24 h at room tempera-ture.

FTIR AnalysisSee Fig 1. No significant peaks areobservable above 2500 cm-1. The peak atrange 1080 - 1060 cm-1 represents Si-O-Si as well as the C-O-C group. Here, theuntreated and acid treated (6h) samplesshow lower peak intensities than the acidtreated (12h) and silanised samples. Inthe latter case due to the additional con-tribution of C-O-C groups derived fromTMSM, the peaks appeared higher. Thesepeaks showed small intensity differencebetween the 6h and 12h silanised sam-ples probably due to saturation effectbetween them. The after acid treatment(12h) sample showed much higher peakintensity at this region compared to thatof acid treatment (6h) sample. It isbelieved as due to the close proximity ofthe vicinal hydroxyl group which affectrecondensation [3]. A closer inspectionrevealed a shoulder peak at 970 cm-1 forall samples due to Si-O stretch of the iso-lated/geminal groups and the bands at840 and 760 cm-1 have been assigned toSi-O-H angle deformation modes [4]. Itshowed that not all silanol have beengrafted by APTES. No prominent peak at1260 cm-1 was observed which otherwisecorrespond to the – CH3 bending in thecase of silanised samples [4]. This indi-cated that the methoxy group of TMSMwas mostly transformed into siloxanebridges during silanisation. This is furthersubstantiated by a reduction in peakintensity at region 827 – 800 cm-1 whichwould correspond to the – CH3 rocking[4].

EDX AnalysisEDX measurement showed changes inweight % content of carbon, oxygen andsilicon as in Fig 3:It can be seen that the silicon weight con-tent decrease consistently throughoutthese treatment due to increased in car-bon and oxygen content. There is a

reduction in oxygen content after 12hcompared to after 6h acid treatment sam-ple possibly due to vicinal silanol groupswhose proximity affecting partial recon-densation during prolong acid treatment[3]. Silanisation also affect further lost ofsurface oxygen in the form of water mol-ecules through condensation.

Static contact angleThe changes in contact angle usingdeionised water as probe liquid is shownin Fig 5 below. The contact angle after acid modificationshows the lowest values after 12h dura-tion implying that the glass surface ishighly hydrophilic due to the formation ofpolar silanol groups. After silanisation, itincreased comparable to original untreat-ed sample. After introducing TMSM, thesurface became increasingly hydrophobicdue to its mostly hydrocarbon content.Similar behaviour was observed on aseries of acrylic copolymers [5]. In thiswork, minimum exposure to ambientenvironment is made.


Scheme 1: Proposed reaction scheme involved during the acid treatment and

silanisation.

Figure 1: ATR-FTIR spectra for pure sample , acid treatment and silanisation after

6h and 12h.

Figure 3: Weight percent changes of carbon, oxygen and silicon after treatment.

Figure 4: Changes in static contact angle of glass surface using water probe

Surface Free EnergyIn this work the SFE for glass surface wasfound to be 75 mJ/m2 as found elsewhere[6]. The SFE of the water and ethyleneglycol (EG) were obtained from the litera-ture [7,8]. The angles made between theglass surface with that of probe liquid ispresented as in Table 3.

The SFE is plotted as in Figure 5. It canbe seen that the SFE increases after acidtreatment mostly for 12 h treatment com-pared to 6 h treatment. This indicated anincrease in hydrophilicity due to freesilanol group formation. This effect ismore prominent at increasing treatmenttime. Polar component contributed most-ly to this effect while the dispersion com-ponent barely display significant contribu-tion as well as changes after prolongduration. Silanisation on the acid treatedsample reduced the SFE comparable tothat of the original untreated samples.However the dispersion component dis-played a marked contribution. Beside thepolar carbonyl group, the dispersion -contribution from aliphatic methylene andvinylene groups of the acrylate moiety areresponsible for these results.

4.0 ConclusionsModification of borosilicate glass coverwas performed and monitored throughthe process of hydroxylation followed bysilanisation. Hydroxylation under acid

treatment induced the formation of silanolgroups while silanisation affect grafting ofTMSM via siloxane bonds. Hydroxylationinduced hydrophilicity onto the glass sur-face but becomes more hydrophobic aftersilanisation with TMSM.Acknowledgement: The correspondingauthor highly appreciates the financial

support for this project during sabbaticalleave from Universiti Sains Malaysia aswell as research grant provided by GF.

5.0 References(1) A. Carré, V. Lacarrière and W.Birch, J. of Colloid Interface Sci., 260, 49-55 (2003). (2) D. K. Owen and R. C. Wendt,Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol.13, No. 8, 1969, pp. 1741.(3) L. T. Zhuravlev, ColloidsSurfaces, 74, 71 (1993).(4) Tripp, C. P.; Hair, M. L. Lungmuir1991, 7, 923 (5) C. Lospa et al., Journal ofOptoelectronics and Advanced MaterialsVol. 7, No. 6, December 2005, p. 2831 –2834(6) Chibowski et al’, (1989) Journalof Colloid and Interface Science, 132 (1).pp. 54-61.(7) Busscher HJ, Vanpert AWJ,Deboer P, Arends J (1984) Coll Surf9:319–331.(8) Erbil HY (1997) Surface tension

of polymers. In: Birdi KS (ed) CRCHandbook of surfaces and colloid chem-istry. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, pp265–312

ECOCLAY

RESEARCHER:Dr. Yeoh Fei Yee

WON GOLD MEDAL (I-TEX 2014)

1. Introduction Engineers for the EnvironmentEcoClay was essentially created due totwo key ideals; first being the concerntowards our environment, and secondbeing the pure engineering solution con-sequential to that very concern.

Sludge back storyFresh water treatment plants such asthose ran by PBA in Penang and SYABASin Selangor uses aluminium based floccu-lent agent, to facilitate the sedimentationof particles present in the fresh water.The addition of alum causes the agglom-eration of smaller particles and eventuallythe sedimentation of larger agglomeratedparticles. The sludge sediment containshigh concentrations of metal. Due to thehigh metal content of sludge, this wastemust not be disposed back to our ecosys-tem without further treatments. Metalcontents within the sludge remainsunchanged. Thus, long term unmanagedand untreated sludge disposal would onlycause the metal content in our water, soiland earth to steadily rise. Short termeffects include the absorption of suchmetals by plants and aquatic wildlife, andeventual completion of the cycle withhuman at the end of the chain.

The engineering solution - EcoClayTraditional clays possess an intercalatedstructure. The layered structure of claycould effectively trap and immobilizemetal ions if clay were to be added to thewater treatment sludge. Through carefulstudy on sludge and natural clay formula-tions, material properties and uniquevisual characteristics of the resultingsludge clay were carefully fine-tuned.Once a former waste, our engineers have


Untreated Sample After Acid treatment After silanisationWater EG Water EA Water EA

48 50 After 6h

acid treat-

ment

After 12h

acid treat-

ment

36

28

39

35

45

54

42

42

Table 3: Contact angles between the glass surface with the water and ethylene glycol

Figure 5: Changes in surface free energy of the glass surface under acid and

silanisation treatment

Product 1

transformed this waste to wealth, in theform of EcoClay.

2. Art Products – Slip castingIndividual unique EcoClay mugs could bedesigned and mass produced. Thesemugs are ideal especially as souveniersfor commemorative events. For individu-als who simply think that EcoClay com-memorative mugs are too cliché, complexdesigns could also be casted from exclu-sively designed moulds. Our Penangtourism souveniers are designed and pro-duced through such similar fashion.

3. Art Products - ThrowingUnlike the slipcasting technique, eachindividually wheel thrown EcoClay prod-ucts has its own distinctive feature. Theseart collections are personally handthrownby our skilled artists. Thrown EcoClayproducts include vases, tableware andchina, which are available in variousshapes and sizes.

4. Project backgroundEcoClay project is funded by theKnowledge Transfer Program through theMinistry of Education Malaysia. UniversitiSains Malaysia provides the researchknowledge on fresh water treatmentsludge and EcoClay product development.The knowledge and technology is trans-ferred to our partner NGO, AsiaCommunity Service (ACS), which acts asour EcoClay contract manufacturer. Apartfrom the contract awarded to ACS, a hugeportion of the EcoClay revenue will bechanneled back to ACS for charity.

ECO-RubFOAM: A MULTIFUNCTION-AL ENGINEERING FOAM FROM

VARIOUS RUBBER WASTES

RESEARCHERS:Prof. Dr. Hanafi Ismail

Mr. Indrajith RathnayakeMr. Nabil Hayeemasae

WON GOLD MEDAL (I-TEX 2014)Asia Invention Association

(Special Award)

1. IntroductionThe annual production of rubber was 18million tonnes in 2002. After 10 years oftime (2012) it has been increased up to26 million tonnes. Most of these rubberproducts are disposable and can cause a

big impact on the environment.

The main source of rubber waste is dis-posable latex products such as gloves,catheters, condoms, latex threads etc,discarded rubber products, such as: dis-carded tyres, rubber pipes, rubber belts,rubber shoes, edge scraps and wasteproducts which are produced in rubberprocesses.

Various rubber wastes are converted intosound absorbance, fire retardant andanti-microbial engineering foam (ECO-RubFOAM)

2. Important of InventionUsing the conventional rubber processingequipments, simple manufacturingprocess and low cost, all rubber wastescan be recycled and converted into pow-der form to produce sound absorbance,fire retardant, and anti-microbial engi-neering foam products .

ECO-RubFOAM is a cost effective, easyand modern way to deal with the rubberwastes problem.

Ideal for use as low cost soundabsorbance, fire retardant and anti-micro-bial engineering foam products in civilengineering applications, cinema the-aters, auditorium etc...

3. Novelty and InventivenessUsing the conventional rubber processingequipments, simple manufacturingprocess and low cost, all rubber wastescan be recycled to produce ECO-RubFOAM.

ECO-RubFOAM – A cost effective, easyand modern way to reduce sound/noisesin many situations.

Fire retardant and antimicrobial proper-ties of ECO-RubFOAM give many advan-tages when they use as engineeringsound absorbance foam.

MyUSMDENTAL FILLINGS

RESEARCHERS:Prof. Dr. Zainal Arifin Ahmad

Prof. Dr. Hazizan Md. AkilDr. Nasser Abbas Abd El-Aziz

Mr. Saad Omar Alsharif


Based on population projections, teeth atrisk by 2020 are expected to increase to 5billion. For example, the number of tooth-restoration at USM dental clinic in year2009 is 9260 cavities and number of den-tal resin composites (DRCs) fillings used(4g/tube) is 930 tubes which considerablyhigh, thus requires a high consumption of

government expenditure per year. Theprice for a tube of 4 gram DRCs is fromRM100 to RM200, depending on thebrand and type. Furthermore, no similarDRCs product produces locally in Malaysiato support the local market. Therefore,the Malaysian dental clinics are usingDRCs which produced from other coun-tries with variation of brands such asFiltek Z250 (3M ESPE), Quixfil (DentsplydeTrey GmbH) and Charisma (HeraeusKulzer). Another problem is about themoisture contamination during posteriorDRCs placement which could not be toler-ated, and thus demanded a higher fee(DRCs fillings are usually more costly thandental amalgam fillings). Moreover, thelifetime of the DRCs is lower than amal-gam. The life span for DRCs restorative isoften not longer than 4 years for anteriorand about 8 years for posterior restora-tive. In addition, the low fracture tough-ness of many DRCs is one of the factorsthat reduce the utilization of these mate-rials for posterior restorative purposes.Applying DRCs for large restorations isstill controversial and fracture of restora-tions in the posterior region has beenfound to be a frequent cause for restora-tion failure. Normally, the utilization ofDRCs is limited in the posterior region andfor small cavities. In reality, DRCs restora-tions must endure harsh environmentthat varies from patient to patient. Yet, inaqueous environment they suck up waterand release unreacted monomers. Therelease of uncured monomers from resincomposite may stimulate the growth ofbacteria around the restoration.Furthermore, the water ingress into DRCsin the oral cavity can with time, result indegradation of the mechanical propertiesand promote allergic reactions in somepatients.

These problems are remained unsolvedalthough numerous investigations onDRCs had been done such as applying sil-ica particles, silica with hydroxyapatite,barium glass with fumed silica, silica glasswith alumina filler particles, alumina, andzirconia. Therefore, a newly formulatedDRCs (MyUSMDental Fillings) using Bis-phenol A-glycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacry-late (TEGDMA) with specially treated sili-ca, alumina and zirconia particles hasbeen produced to solve the problems.MyUSMDental Fillings offers better frac-ture toughness, flexural strength, flexuralmodulus, Vickers hardness, radioapacity,thermal properties and biocompatibility.MyUSMDental Fillings has lower waterabsorption and water solubility comparedto ISO4049:2009 standard. More impor-tantly, the cost of MyUSMDental Fillings is50% cheaper compare to the cheapestDRCs commercially available in the mar-ket.


Product 2

Product 3

Sample Product

NOVEL HEXAGONAL-PHASE TIO2

NANOTUBES PHOTOCATALYST BYSIMPLE HYDROTHERMAL

SYNTHESIS

RESEARCHERS:Professor Dr. Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Nor

Professor Dr. Abdul Rahman MohamedAssoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Srimala Sreekantan

Mr. Mohd Hasmizam Razali


1. Trademark/patentPatent pending – First ever known pro-duced TiO2 nanotubes in hexagonalphase with improve properties and highyield (>90%)

2. Problem StatementIndustrial wastewater and atmosphereare becoming more contaminated anddifficult to treat. These contribute to theenvironmental pollution, particularlywater and air pollution.

Various methods (such as ozonolysis,microorganism decomposition) are beingused but high cost, less effective andother disadvantages.

Therefore, an improved material for haz-ardous pollutants and toxic substanceremoval is needed.

3. ObjectiveTo produce high performance photocata-lyst for water and air pollution treatmentvia photodegradation reaction

4. Solution and applicationPhotodegradation involves an accelera-tion of the degradation reaction in thepresence of the photocatalyst.

5. NoveltyFirst ever hexagonal-phase co-dopedTiO2 nanotube produced by simple softchemistry method

Lower band gap (~ 2.1 eV), high sur-face area (~280 m2/g) and pore volumewith higher photocatalytic activity

6. Status of inventionR&D completed and prototype available

7. Commercialization potentiala. Water purification technology

b. Water treatment technology

c. Self cleaning building materials (paintand coating)

d. Self cleaning textile (Rayon in batikclothes - collaboration with FRIM)

e. Healing of wound using scaffold treat-ed with hexagonal-phase TiO2 nanotubes(collaboration with School of BiologyUSM)


Product 4

1. “Campus Walk” di kampus

Kejuruteraan

2. Lawatan pelajar dari ILP

3. Kursus AutoCad untuk pelajar tahun

akhir sesi 2013/2014

1

2

3Sample Product

Sample Product

6

4

5

4. Majlis perpisahan staf PPKBSM

5. Program Sekampung Bersama

MIMATES

6. “Sheets of Zirconia Nanotubes” -

pingat perak ITEX 2014

buletin pusat pengajian kejuruteraan bahan dan …...lawatan pelajar tahun akhir kejuruteraan bahan...

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