slides kompos

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Membuat kompos = cara semulajadi untuk kitar semula

Menghasilkan baja kompos = semudah membuat kek

Hanya campurkan bahan, kacau,’masak’ dan hasilnya = baja

Tahukan anda?

WHAT IS COMPOSTING?Composting is nature’s way of recycling

organic matter.It is the process whereby biodegradable

organic matter is broken down by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen.

The product of this process is compost, which benefits the environment as a natural fertilizer for gardening and farming.

Compost Making• In composting, various factors which influence

the composting processes have to be considered. These include

~C:N ratio, ~temperature 60-67 untill 30 degree~ moisture content, ~ oxygen level, ~ pH of the compost (7.0 – 7.2_~ the type of agro-waste & surface area

of particles

Benefits Of Composting

• Composting has many benefits. Some of the most important are:- Saves money on fertilizer for plants and reduce the country's fertilizer imports.- Saves water by retaining moisture in the soil and reduces leaching in sandy soils. In clayey soils, compost improves aeration

- used as a soil conditioner for improving the soil structure. • It may solve environmental problems due to excessive use of

chemicals, accumulation of agro-waste and failure to return organic matter to the soil

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• All organic materials, e.g plant wastes can be used in making compost.

• The materials include dry and wet materials• The mixture used in compost usually is

6 dry material : 3 wet material : 1 soil

MATERIALS FOR MAKING COMPOST

• The 4 essential ingredients for composting are:

DRY+ WET + Air + Water

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DRY / BROWN MATERIAL • Carbon Sources- for structure• Little water content, • High C/N ratio• Decomposes slowly• E.g. dried leaves, woody materials, chipped

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WET / GREEN MATERIAL• Nitrogen sources-for stored nutrients• High water content• Low C/N ratio• Decomposes quickly• E.g. leaves of leguminous tree, grass chipping,

plants trimming, vegetable food scraps

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OPTIONAL ADDITIVESi. MANURE – najis ternakan mengandungi mikroorganisma

dan berfungsi mengurai dan mempercepatkan proses pereputan bahan kompos

ii. GML – meneutralkan keadaan berasid dan membantu pembiakan mikroorganisma bagi mempercepatkan proses pereputan

iii. EM (Effective Microb) – mikrob berguna membantu bagi mempercepatkan proses pereputan

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The microorganisms in compost use carbon (C) for energy combined with small amounts of nitrogen (N).

The microorganisms in compost use carbon (C) for energy and Nitrogen (N) for protein synthesis

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COMPOSTING ORGANISMSMACROORGANISMS

BREAK SOIL DOWN PHYSICALLY

MICROORGANISMSBREAK SOIL DOWN BIOCHEMICALLY

Eartworms Centipedes Sowbugs

Bacteria Fungi Actinomycetes Psychrophiles

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GASES AT WORK

OXYGEN LEVEL (AEROBIC)

~ FASTER DECOMPOSITION~ MATERIAL CRUMBLY, DAMP~ PRESENCE OF EARTHWORMS~NO DETECTABLE SMELL

OXYGEN LEVEL (ANAEROBIC)

~ SLOWER DECOMPOSITION~ MATERIAL SLIMY WITH ALGAE~ EARTHWORMS ABSENT~ OBJECTIONABLE SMELL

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ADVANTAGES OF USING COMPOST IN CROP CULTIVATION

i. Improve soil structure soil and water-holding abilityii. Increase soil fertilityiii. Improve water / moisture retentioniv. Increase resistance of plants to pests and diseasesv. Provide nutrients to plantsvi. makes an excellent mulchvii.keeps soil healthy and balanced

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METHOD COMPOST

pile built on the ground material unshreddedPile given no attention12-36 months

1. SLOW

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METHOD COMPOST

material in simple bin of wire , wood, metal or plastic

Concave top with tarp used to control moisture content

Turned to aerate weekly3-4 months

2. MEDIUM

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METHOD COMPOST

Material in rotating tumblerAll material shreddedPrecise mix of carbon and nitrogen to keep

compost hotTumbler rotated daily

3. FAST

EQUIPMENT YOUWILL NEED• Pitchfork to turn compost, or other aerating

tool.• Hose to keep pile moist in a drought.

Optional Equipment to Reduce Sizeof Materials:

• Shredder/chipper.• Heavy kitchen knife.

Other Equipment:• Thermometer to track heating.• Screen to refine finished compost• Wheelbarrow.

Composting Process

compact

Soil (0.5) Wet Material (1.5)

Dry Material (3)

the base of the are high carbon materials, provide for air circulation from the bottom of the pile.

thin third layer of manure

The purpose of using soil is to introduce m/o needed to break down the organic mater in the pile

Composting Process

Soil Wet Material

Dry Material

Pipe or hallow bambooPlace a hollow bamboo stick in the center of the pile for aeration.

Repeat the procedure , built the heap until done

Composting ProcessCover with palm leaves or plastic sheet,protect from

rainfall and sunlight

. If the material is dry, it should be watered well as the heap is built.

Composting Process

Turning Compost Heap• Turn the pile every 2 weeks

- to improve aerotion,

- speed up microorganisms activity and

- ensure uniform decomposition. • The pile is reconstructed, material previously on the top

and sides of the pile should moved to the center.• usually takes 3 to 4 months, it depends on the air

tempreture and the mixtures.• The compost finished decomposing when volume

decrease to about one-third of its original volume.

• Good compost smells good, and is black brown in colour, crumbly and has an earthly odour with pH 7.0 to 7.2.

Q?• Why do LAYERS OF A COMPOST PILE?• If manure can give Nitrogen (N), How to do P

composed and K composed?

MASALAH SEBAB PENYELESAIAN

Timbunan kompos berbau dan terdapat banyak lalat.

Sisa-sisa makanan tidak di tutup

Tutup sisa-sisa makanan dengan tanah atau kambusnya di tengah timbunan.

Terlampau basah atau terlampau banyak sisa-sisa makanan dalam timbinan

Tambahkan tanah atau bahan kering dan rombakkan timbunan.

Timbunan penuh dengan tikus dan binatang perosak.

Sisa-sisa makanan tidak ditutup ataupun lubang lebih besar daripada ¼ inci.

Tutup sisa-sisa makanan. Gunakan tong atau bekas yang dapat nencegah tikus atau memasang jerat atau umpan.

Proses pereputan terlampau lambat atau tidak reput.

Terlampau kering. Siram sehingga lembap dan kacau.

Terlampau banyak kering. Tambahkan bahan hijau atau baja organik atau baja haiwandan kacau.

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USING YOUR FINISHED COMPOST

fertilizer mulching reuse for other compost heap

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Group 1- 4 ~ compost

Group 5- 8 ~ soil modifier

compact Soil (0.5)

Wet MaterialPotongan daun pisang (1.5)

Dry Material Medium fertigasi

Media cendawan (3) the base = plant shredded

thin layer of manure

Group 1- 4 ~ compost

thin layer of GML

Watering + EM (50ml/liter)

compact Soil (0.5)

Wet MaterialPotongan daun pisang (1.5)

Dry Material Medium fertigasi

Media cendawan (3) the base = plant shredded

Group 5- 8 ~ soil modifier

thin layer of GML

Watering + EM (50ml/liter)