chapter 1 part1 intro (power system)

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Semester 2, 2014/2015

3/16/2015 2

Name : Mohamad Faizal Bin Baharom

Room : B/2-10

Phone : 06-555 2290 (O), 0136806158 (h/p)

Email : mohamad.faizal@utem.edu.my

Lecture/ Tutorial: Tuesdays, 4pm- 6pm (BK16)

Friday, 8am- 10am (BK15)

Qualification: Diploma & B.Eng(Power Industrial) – UTeM, Melaka

M.Eng – UTM, Johor Bahru

1.Course Works (50%)Quizzes 10%

Assignments 10%

Test 1 15%

Test 2 15%

2.Final Examination 50%

Total 100%

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1. Grainger and Stevenson Jr, Power System Analysis, McGraw Hill, 1994.

2. Sarma and Glover, Power System Analysis and Design, 5th ed. Mc Graw Hill 2011

3. Hadi Saadat, Power System Analysis, 2nd Ed. McGraw Hill, 2002.

4. Marizan Sulaiman, Analisis Sistem Kuasa, Penerbit USM, 2004.

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POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

(BEKP 3673)

In this subject, we will cover :

Chapter 1: Power flow analysis

Chapter 2: Synchronous Machine Transient Analysis

Chapter 3: Fault Analysis

Part 1: Balanced Fault

Part 2: Symmetrical Components And Unbalanced Fault

Chapter 4: Power System Stability

CHAPTER 1

Power Flow Analysis(Part 1)

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At the end of this chapter, students will learn and understand:

1.1Power system overview (introduction)

1.2 Per- unit system

1.3 One line diagram

1.4 Impedance and reactance diagram

1.5 Bus admittance matrix, network equation and nodal

elimination

1.6 Gauss seidel method

1.7 Newton- raphson method

1.8 Fast-decoupled load flow

1.9 Tap changing transformer

Power System Overview

INTRODUCTION

Electric energy occupies the top grade in the energy hierarchy. It finds innumerable uses in

home, industry, agriculture and even transport. The reasons why it is very attractive as compared to

other forms of energy are its ability to be transported almost instantaneously, its use can be controlled

more easily and its almost pollution free at consumer’s level. The per capita consumption of electricityin any country is an index of the standard of living of the people in that country.

The per capita consumption of electrical energy in some of the countries is (data from 2001):

Iceland 31,147.292 kWh

Norway 24,011.233 kWh

Canada 16,279.411 kWh

USA 12,924.224 kWh

Japan 7,701.962 kWh

United Kingdom 5,773.615 kWh

Malaysia 3,724.977 kWh

Kenya 145.803 kWh

(http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/ene_ele_con_percap-energy-electricity-consumption-per-capita)

In Malaysia, the total installed capacity as of 2005 was 17,314 MW. TNB’s installed capacity

was 10,760 MW while IPP’s installed capacity is 6554 MW. The nation’s maximum demand is about

12,023 MW so we have a reserve margin of about 30%. In the year 2007, the maximum capacity is13000 MW. For year 2007, the maximum demand is almost 1300 MW.

Types of Power Plants in Malaysia

46%

21%

13%

11%

9%

Combined Cycle GT

Conv. Thermal (Coal)

Open Cycle GT

Hydro

Conv. Thermal (Oil/Gas)

POWER SYSTEM OVERVIEW

240/415v

Substation

(Step up

Transformer)

Power plantTransmission

66kv-500kv

Sub-

station

Industrial customer

Sub-

station

(step

down)

DISTRIBUTION

11KV-33KV

Sub-

station

Industrial Plant

Commercial or Industrial

customer

Sub-

stationResidential & Commercial customer

1. Generator (Alternator) :• Converts mechanical power into AC electric power• Primary sources of all electrical energy throughout the world• Example: Steam turbine , hydraulic turbine

ST series synchronous generator Cutaway view of synchronous

generator

Steam Turbine

Steam turbine Plant

Tuanku Ja’afar Power station

Tuanku Ja’afar Power station

TRANSMISSION

Type of Tower material: Tubular steel Lattice steel Concrete Wood

Aluminum

TRANSMISSION

Voltage Range: 500 kV 275 kV 132 kV

33 / 11 kV

Tower Design: Lattice structure

Tubular pole structure

DISTRIBUTION