agricultural practices of malaysia

8/19/2019 Agricultural Practices of Malaysia

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Lecture 5Lecture 5

AgriculturalAgricultural

Practices ofPractices of

MalaysiaMalaysia


2/41

Introduction

• Agriculture contributions in economygrowth:

– 1957 :45% GDP; !"#% em$loyment"

– !1! : 7"5% GDP; 11"% em$loyment"

• In 9th &'l'ysi' Pl'n: (hird engine o)

growth"


3/41

*istoric'l De+elo$ment o)

&'l'ysi'n AgriculturePre-independence:

• ,ubber $l'nt'tions"

– -.: Dunlo$; Guthrie; *'rrisons 'nd/ross0eld"

• ollows by: (e'2 coco'2 co3ee"

• &'l'y: rice2 )ruits 'nd other cro$s"


4/41

Rubber plantationhttp://www.lgm.gov.my/general/NRHistory.aspx

Tea

plantationhttp://www.everyculture.com

/Ja!a/!alaysia.html

"o##ee plantation

$a%%yhttp://www.my#areast.org/!alaysia/photos.html

During Pre-independence


5/41

http://www.#el%a.net.my/#el%av&/

http://www.#elcra.com.my/home

http://www.ris%a.gov.my/web/guest/home

Post-Independence 1957197!6• -DA 'nd -/,A

• 8m'llholders : subsistence cro$s c'sh cro$s"• ew -conomic Policy 197!1946:

Addressed income dis$'rity between r'ces by:

– intensi)ying 'nd e.$'nding -DA -/,A $rogr'm"

– 8ubsidies )or rice"• ,ubber sm'llholding org'nied e


6/41

1st 'tion'l Agricultur'l Policy AP6

194 19916 – =b>ecti+e: in?ing 'gricultur'l

$roduction with 'grob'sed industries

nd AP 199!1!6

• Address issues on: l'bour 'ndc'$it'l com$etition"

• Incre'se e


7/41

AP # 199!1!6• Introduced $roductb'sed '$$ro'ch'nd ensuring )ood security"

Agriculture l'nd @se

• !!4:2 " million h' )or 'griculture

• !"% )or oil $'lm

• !% )or rubber"


8/41

Agriculture Land Use


9/41

&'l'ysi'n AgricultureBs/h'r'cteristics

1. Estate

• *ighly commerci'lied

• -


10/41

Rubber estate in Tan'ungTualang( $era)*http://ipoh.olx.com.my/rubberestate#orsaleintan'ungtualangpera)

malaysia#reehol%ii%+,,,-+-

$alm oil estate in

!alaysia*http://www.glenealy.com.my/company0overview.html


11/41

2. Sall !older

• ess commerci'lied

• A+er'ge )'rm sie 1"45h'

• /ro$s: rice2 )ruits 'nd +eget'bles

1ragon #ruit 2 star #ruit

#arm in !alaysia*http://www.#reshpla3a.com/news0%etail.asp4i%5-6+6

7mall scale Tropical #ruit #arm in

!alaysia*http://anyonecaneat.com/-++/6/+8/heavenan%hellonatropical#ruit#armpenangmalaysia/


12/41

Industri'l /ro$s

1" =il P'lm Elaeis guianeensis6• 'rgest $l'nted cro$ in &'l'ysi'

• =rigin: 8ierr' eone2 A)ric'

• irst $l'nted in &'l'ysi' in 1917"• *'r+ested 't 5#! months ')ter

$l'nting

• -conomic li)e s$'n: ! ye'rs• &'l'ysi': #9% )or $'lm oil $roduction

44% )or e.$orts


13/41

• ruitBs $ul$ $'lm oil6 Cernel $'lm ?ernel oil6

• 1!!?g o) )ruit bunches $roduces: ?g $'lm oil

1"7?g $'lm ?ernel oil• !% $l'nt'tion: 4!% sm'll holders

• /ontributed 1!% o) &'l'ysi'Bs tot'l e.$ort+'lue

9ruit unches: weight

+,-;)g/bunch


14/41

" ,@-, Hevea brasiliensis6

• irst m'>or $l'nt'tion cro$

• Introduced in 1772 )rom Am'on 'sin2r'il"

• Domin'nt $l'nt'tion )or ! ye'rs"

• 8econd m'>or cro$ in the country

• 'ctors to switched to oil $'lm:

– Declining $rice

– Incre'sing cost $roduction

– Declining l'bour

• 97% $l'nted by sm'llholder


15/41

#" /=/=@(

Cocos nucifera6

• 4th l'rgest cro$ in the

country• 191: 4!92#4 h'

• 1995: 42#! h'

• !!7:172!!!

• 'ctors )or 're' declining – P'lm oil )or coo?ing

– ow income

– 8m'll )'rm sie

– 'bour

"alue-added products tore>u+en'te the coconut industry:

• Eirgin coconut oilE/=6

• ,&4!15!F?g

• @sed )or:

• 8?in c're2 h'ir c're2 gener'lgood he'lth 'nd 'ntimicrobi'l


16/41

4" /=/=A Theobroma cacao6

• &ost $l'nting 're's in 8'b'h

• Processing in Peninsul'r &'l'ysi'• &'l'ysi' coco' s$eci'l ch'r'cteristic:

*igh melting $oint

• Pl'nting 're' reducing2 $rocessingincre'sing"

• 5th l'rgest coco' $rocessor in the world

=or)ers pruning cocoa

plants in 7abah !alaysia*http://miraimages.photoshelter.com/image/>J;?.0;#uHc>


17/41

=ther Industri'l /ro$s

#$%%EE• 8m'llholder in ohor 'nd 8el'ngor"

• (y$es: iberic'; ,obust'; Ar'bic'

SU&A'#A(E• In Perlis 'nd Ced'h

• ul0lled only 1!% loc'l consum$tion"

• Im$ort )rom Austr'li'2 i>i 'nd (h'il'nd

)EA

• In /'meron *ighl'nds2 8el'ngor 'nd Per'?

• (y$e grown: Ass'm


18/41

'I#E Oryza sativa6• #rd l'rgest $l'nted cro$ in the coutnry

&'inly in Peninsul'r &'l'ysi' 't gr'n'ry're's:

I" Cu'l' &ud' in Ced'hFPerlis &ADA6

II" Cemubu2 Cel'nt'n CADA6

III" 8eber'ng Per'i2 Pen'ngIE" Ceri'nF 8g &'ni?2 Per'?

E" 'r't 'ut2 8el'ngor

EI" Cem'sin 8em'r'?2 'cho? F Cot' 'hru

EII"esut2 (erengg'nu C-(A,A6EIII"8eber'ng Per'?

• /ontributed 7!% o) n'tion'l rice $roduction

• 15% rice )rom nonirrig'ted 're' 8'b'h 'nd8'r'w'?6


19/41

%'UI)S• 8m'll holders industry with 7!2!!! )'rmers"

• Are' $l'nted is incre'sing since 195 untilnow"

• -.$ort +'lues: – 195:,&1"4 million

–1995: ,#5" million

• (y$es o) )ruits e.$orted: – H'termelon; $'$'y'; st'r )ruit 'nd b'n'n'"

• 'ctors )or incre'ses in 're' 'nd $roduction: – *igh dem'nd )or loc'l 'nd e.$ort

– E'lue'dded $rocessing downstre'ming 'cti+ities6


20/41

PI(EAPPLE Ananas comosus6

• 8m'llholders#%6 'nd Pl'nt'tions %6

• Are's 're declining

"E&E)A*LES

• 8m'llholders2 '+g )'rm sie 1 h'"

• &'in 're's: ohor2 Per'?2 Cel'nt'n2P'h'ng"

• -.$ort +'lue: ,&1! millioncucumber2

s$in'ch2 long be'ns2 chillin2 ?'il'n2 s'wi6• Im$ort +'lue: ,&4 million onion2

sh'llot2 $ototo2 chilli2 c'bb'ge6


21/41

7ugarcane #arm in "hupping

$erlis*http://burtbur%y.blogspot.com/-8/8/la%angtebu%ichuppingperlis.html

Tea plantation in "ameron

Highlan%s $ahang*http://mile.mmu.e%u.my/orion/na%iaab%ullah/ni)nor#atihahbtni)

mustha#a+8++,6@A/

"o##ee plantation in

Johor *http://sec-al'muar.blogspot.com/


22/41

7cenery o# $a%%y

#iel% in


23/41

B wor)er collecting

pineapples #rom Byer Hitam

$ineapple plantation in

Johor *http://www.#oo%essa.com/-+/&/are%rugsinyourpineappletropical.html

B wor)er wor)s in a smallscale vegetable #arm in


24/41

=,I/@(@,-

• et +'lue ,&9! million in !1!

!"15% GDP6• /ut Jowers; orchids; nonorchids

• Are' $l'nted is incre'sing

• Im$ort'nt 're's: ohor2 /*2 sel'nogr"

• &ost $l'nted commodity in !1!:

• =rchids ,&1!4"1million 62 non orchid

,&19"5 &illion6

Cxamples o# #loriculture

in !alaysia*http://animhosnan.blogspot.com/-++/+/#loricultureinmalaysia.html


25/41

LI"ES)$#+ onrumin'nt: Poultry 'nd swine

• *igly commerci'lised 'nd high technology"

• /ontributed 7% in country li+estoc? $roduction

,umin'nt: /ow2 d'iry2 go't etc

• 8m'llholders 'nd low technology

• /ontribution: % in li+estoc? $roduction

• 88 not 'chie+ed less th'n #!%6

• Go+" t'rgeted 4!% 88 by !15"

• *owK Integr'ting c'ttle in )'rm 'nd )eedlot


26/41

%IS,E'IES AUA#UL)U'E

• ALu'culture: )'rming o) 'Lu'ticorg'nisms including 0sh2 mollus?s2curst'ce'ns 'nd 'Lu'tic $l'nts"

• Im$ort'nt commodity: Pr'wn

• 8te'dy growth since !!!"

• E'lue in !!9:

– resh w'ter 0sh:,& "# billion" – /'$tured 0sh: ,&"9 billion

• =thers: se'weed 'lg'culture62 $e'rl


27/41

Divestoc) #arming in!alaysia*photos courtesy o# Enit >T 9aculty o# Bgriculture E$!


28/41

BFuaculture

in%ustry in !alaysia*photo courtesy o# Enit >T 9aculty o# BgricultureE$! *top 2 $ro# RitaGs #ile *right


29/41

'ctors to growth• li/estoc0 production: shi)ting )rom

tr'dition'l to commerci'l )'rming $r'ctices• Incre'se integr'ted bee) c'ttle )'rming in

rubber 'nd oil $'lm $l'nt'tions"

• Poultry production: integr'ted $oultry)'rming system introduced by )'st)ood ch'inssuch 's Centuc?y ried /hic?en"

• Poultry is the most $o$ul'r me't consumed dueto $ricing 'nd religious 'cce$t'bility"

• fruits and /egetales: go+ernment e3orts inconsolid'ting sm'll orch'rds into l'rgerorg'nied )'rms 'nd instituting grou$ )'rming$ro>ects"


30/41

(e Source of &rot!

Herbs 2 spices $harmaceuticals( Natural $ro%ucts• Rapi% growth at ++,I per annum.

• Targete% as growth sector a#ter "ommunication

Technology.

• !ar)et value in -+: R!6 billion• Cxpecte% value in --: R!-8 billion

• Reason high value: Bwareness on health care with

natural pro%ucts.

• "urrently( plante% by small hol%ers.

• ?ov. target: large scale herbal plantation an% C"CR


31/41

Tongkat AliTongkat Ali

Bntimalarial aphro%isiac Bntimalarial aphro%isiac

anti%iabetic antimicrobialanti%iabetic antimicrobial

Hempedu BumiHempedu Bumi

Treatment #or gastrointestinal tractTreatment #or gastrointestinal tract

9ever( herpes( sore throat9ever( herpes( sore throat

K i F ti hK i F ti h


32/41

Kacip Fatimah:Kacip Fatimah:

9acilitate chil%birth postpartum me%ication rheumatism9acilitate chil%birth postpartum me%ication rheumatism

!is!isai Kucing:ai Kucing: Bnalgesic %iuretic Bnalgesic %iuretic

bronchitis small poxbronchitis small pox

%iarrhoea%iarrhoea

Pegaga:Pegaga:Heal woun%s imporveHeal woun%s imporve

mental clarity treat s)in highmental clarity treat s)in high

bollo% pressure rheumatismbollo% pressure rheumatism

#ever #ever


33/41

Dukung anak:Dukung anak:

Treat )i%ney stone malaria asthmaTreat )i%ney stone malaria asthma

increase appetite treat %iabetiesincrease appetite treat %iabeties

hypertension itchinesshypertension itchiness

Mas Cotek:Mas Cotek:

Help womb contraction aphro%isiac #orHelp womb contraction aphro%isiac #or

women an% men re%uce cholestorolwomen an% men re%uce cholestorol

an% bloo% sugar levelan% bloo% sugar level


34/41

Agricultur'l &'r?eting

• -.$ort /ro$ 8ector• P'lm =il: # m'in ty$es oil $'lm

$roducers:

– Inde$endent sm'll holders: low

$roducti+ity 'nd sell through middlem'n

– Producers in l'nd de+elo$ment scheme:$roduction 'nd m'r?eting )ollow the $'rentinstitution

– Pri+'te est'tes: +ery org'nied" Processedown $roduces"


35/41

• ood 8ector:• 8m'll )'rms 'nd minim'l in+ol+ement

by go+ernment or cor$or'te sectors"

• &'r?eting usu'lly through middlemenF wholes'ler"

• -.ce$t ,ice: h'+e go+" inter+ention


36/41

Input

Import Local Producer

Input supplier

Assembler/Transporter

/Commission Agent

Wholesalers Import

Large scale

Retailers

Small scale

retailers

Consumers

CONVNTIONALCONVNTIONALA!RI"#OO$A!RI"#OO$

%AR&TIN!%AR&TIN!


37/41

Agriood ew 8u$$ly /h'in

• (r'ns)orm'tion due to e.tern'l 'nddomestic dri+ers"

• -.tern'l: r'$id de+elo$ment o) l'rgeret'il ch'ins"

• In !!5: 1 hy$erm'r?ets in

&'l'ysi'2 #% 're )oreignowned"• Domestic: ch'nges in consumer

income2 consum$tion 'nd li)estyes"


38/41

Producers

Pac'ing

house

Contract

(arming Wholesalers Import

Large scale retailers

Consumers

N! F""DN! F""D#$PP%$PP%&

CHA'NCHA'N


39/41

eder'l Agricultur'l &'r?etingAuthority A&A6

• ,es$onsibility: su$er+ision; coordin'tion;regul'tion 'nd im$ro+ement o) them'r?eting o) 'gricultur'l $roducts )or

domestic2 e.$ort 'nd im$ort m'r?ets"• &'r?eting 8tr'tegies:

• 'rmerBs &'r?et

• usiness on wheels

http://www.#ama.gov.my/web/guest/home


40/41

SuarySuary

• Production 'nd 're' )or industri'l cro$ssuch 's rubber; coco'2 coconut 'nd$ine'$$le 're reducing" -.ce$t )or the)ruits 're' 're incre'sing

• growth o) the )ruit industry 're brightdue to the e.$ected incre'se in domestic

consum$tion o) both )resh 'nd $rocessed)ruits 'nd e.$'nding world dem'nd )ortro$ic'l )resh 'nd $rocessed )ruits


41/41

• dem'nd )or rice in both intern'tion'l'nd domestic m'r?ets is e.$ected toincre'se" 1" mill to "# mill in

!1!6

• to concentr'te on $roduction o) highLu'lity )resh +eget'bles )or bothdomestic 'nd e.$ort m'r?ets 'nd'lso on ' )ew selected +eget'bles )or$rocessing"

agricultural practices of malaysia

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