energy management program best practices and lesson learns...

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BUILDING SECTOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT (BSEEP)

( CTOR GENERAL OF P WCCORKS MALAYSIA )

C/O CAWANGAN ALAM SEKITAR DAN TENAGA

(ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY BRANCH )

IBU PEJABAT JKR MALAYSIA

( P.W.D. HEAD QUARTERS MALAYSIA)

TKT. 23, MENARA PJD

NO. 50, JALAN TUN RAZAK

50400 KUALA LUMPUR Telefon : (603) 4041 1924 Faksimili : (603)4041 1988 http://www.jkr.gov.my/bseep/

Energy Management Program best practices and lesson learns from other countries (developed and developing) for Government buildings

Muhammad Hafiz Azizan 5th June 2014, reviewed by Kevin Hor.

Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 2

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 3

Brunei Darussalam ................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.4

Indonesia ................................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.5

Malaysia ................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.6

Philippines .............................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.7

Singapore ............................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.8

Thailand .................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.9

Vietnam ................................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.10

India ..................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.11

Sweden ................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.13

California, USA ..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.15

Germany………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….17

Kenya…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….20

Discussions and Recommendations………………………………………………………………………………………………...21

Conclusion and Disclaimer……………………………………………………………………………………………………….………23

References……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….24

http://www.jkr.gov.my/bseep/

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Executive Summary

The report is to review and analyze the best practices and lesson learns from other countries (developed and developing) on the framework of the Energy Management Programs for government buildings and the Energy Management system including their institutional arrangements, technology used, regulations, monitoring and enforcement of building energy standards/codes. Funding and other critical parameters for enabling environment will be also researched. The report has chosen a few neighborhood countries from the ASEAN region and a few of the developed countries. Malaysia as well as could be benefited from our neighbor experiences as well as adopting the other best practices throughout the world.

Institutional arrangements

A ministry is essential in providing policy and legal support in every country. A ministry is established to lead and guide all practices, including Energy Management programs. There are respective ministries in each of the countries provided in the report.

Legal/regulatory framework

There are some of the countries in the report has already introducing the legal and regulatory framework. Where Brunei Darussalam is still developing their own Energy Efficiency Act, Thailand, Singapore and Vietnam has already implementing their Energy Management programs as a part of their legal requirements. Developed countries usually already have the act or country directive implemented in the early period. European Commission is one of a good example where it leads the policy throughout the whole members. The commission sets a minimum requirements for other countries to follow or improve on it.

Monitoring and enforcement

Some countries with legal framework has inserted requirements for the involved installations obliged to the monitoring and verifications part. The monitoring agency will requested a whole set of required data to be provided in monthly basis. The data required is a requirement for Energy Management program where Energy Managers will have to monitor and implement the energy conservation practices in their respective workplaces.

Funding mechanisms

Thailand have their own ENCON fund, as well as Singapore and other developed countries. Where European Union members emphasizes on collective fund, some countries and states like California and Kenya have to generate their own fund. The fund provided could be a part of the state’s program or subsidized from the whole country income. Some countries does not even have specific fund for Energy Management program to cater for their own economic development.

Implementation features/technologies

European Union has implemented a system called ODYSSEE-MURE which managed energy consumption data for each of the EU countries. The system is good as it analyze and able to project the consumption data throughout the implementation years. The system can be collectively used by the implementing agency and respective ministries to ensure the effectiveness of the Energy Management program. Energy data consumption is very important in determining the overall energy consumption in each sector for the country.

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Introduction

The report on Energy Management Program will consists of countries from ASEAN Regions and a few other countries. The countries are:

1. Brunei Darussalam 2. Indonesia 3. Malaysia 4. Philippines 5. Singapore 6. Thailand 7. Vietnam 8. India 9. Sweden 10. California, USA 11. Germany 12. Kenya

The report is done in a manner of finding the Energy Management programs within the ASEAN region and a few developed countries. Some of the neighbourhood countries has already implementing Energy Management program successfully. Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam are ASEAN countries whose have done activities for their Energy Management which some of them have been supported by legal framework. It is worthwhile noting that Singapore and Thailand have positioned themselves at the forefront of energy management programs in the ASEAN region through the establishment of the ENCON Act and Energy Efficiency Act. Vietnam, Indonesia and Philippines has their own Administrative/Ministerial Orders which help them to practice Energy Management at some level. Brunei Darussalam is in the middle of developing their own Energy Efficiency Act and will be completed in the near future. Malaysia could be benefited at least from issues that happened around us.

Apart from that, Singapore and Thailand also has the Energy Monitoring system to comply with the legal requirements. Even though there are some issues of enforcement, but the system enables the monitoring agencies/ government departments to update the energy consumption every month. The ability of Energy Management programs is propelling them for their economic growth even more.

Sweden, USA and Germany have an existing Energy Management program enforced in their local act, regulations and circulars. This report is part of the deliverables in component 1 of the Building Sector Energy Efficiency Project (BSEEP). This report is intended to be a review and analysis of the best practices and lesson learnt from other countries on the framework of the Energy Management Programme for federal and state buildings and the Energy Management system including their institutional arrangements, technology used, regulations, monitoring and enforcement of building energy standards/codes. Sweden and Germany are a few advanced countries in the European Union with stable economic growth with high income countries. USA, with California has lead the Energy Management practice in the North and South American region. California in case have their sustainable Energy Management programs for long. The practices enables the California state to grow without jeopardizing the energy supply in the country. Their energy technologies leads the whole energy spectrum. Kenya is a tropical country which situated in the East Africa. They have already implementing their Energy Act, Renewable Energy Act together with Energy Management Regulation and their recent Energy Bill. The similarity between Malaysia and Kenya is where both country is active with Renewable Energy while Kenya has also excel in Energy Efficiency sector.

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Brunei Darussalam


Energy in Brunei Darussalam is within the purview of Energy Department in Prime Minister Office. The department will envision the Brunei goals in sustainable energy for Brunei prosperity, to drive Brunei economy into sustainable future and to ensure safe, secure, reliable and efficient supply use of energy.


Currently, Brunei does not has Energy Efficiency Act yet. But, the Energy Department is currently drafting the act.


The Energy Department in Prime Minister Office monitors their installations energy consumption by requesting industrials and commercials to provide annual report on energy consumptions and productions.

Funding mechanisms

There is no funding for Energy Management program besides AEMAS Training Scheme and there is no law to mandate the energy monitoring in the country.


Currently, Brunei Darussalam participates in ASEAN Energy Management Scheme (AEMAS) Energy Managers’ Training program which is managed by ASEAN Centre of Energy (ACE). The ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) is an intergovernmental organization established by the ASEAN Member States composed of Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. It is guided by a Governing Council composed of senior officials on energy of the ASEAN Member States and a representative from the ASEAN Secretariat.

Since its establishment, ACE has been instrumental in preparing the ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (APAEC), a plan that is assiduously implemented by ASEAN's specialist organizations in the field of energy. ACE facilitates and coordinates the work of these specialist organizations, which includes the Forum of Heads of ASEAN Power Utilities/ Authorities (HAPUA), the ASEAN Council on Petroleum (ASCOPE), the ASEAN Forum on Coal (AFOC), the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Sub-sector Network (EE&C-SSN) and the New and Renewable Sources of Energy Subsector Network (NRE-SSN). The major programmes under this plan are:

1. ASEAN Power Grid; 2. Trans-ASEAN Gas Pipeline; 3. Coal and Clean Coal Technology Promotion; 4. Energy Efficiency and Conservation Promotion; 5. New and Renewable Energy Development; and 6. Energy Policy and Environmental Analysis.

The Centre acts as a catalyst for the economic growth and development of the ASEAN region by initiating, coordinating and facilitating regional as well as joint and collective activities on energy.

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The ASEAN Centre for Energy will accelerate the integration of energy strategies within ASEAN by providing relevant information, state-of-the-art technology and expertise to ensure that over the long term, necessary energy development policies and programs are in harmony with the economic growth and environmental sustainability of the region.

Indonesia


The Energy Management Program in Indonesia is currently with Ministry of Energy & Mineral Resources with the agency of Directorate General of New Energy, Renewable & Energy Conservation. Their function is to manage the technical standard in the new energy, renewable and energy conservation. The Directorate formulate and implement the policy, preparing the norms, standard and procedures, criteria for the new energy, renewable and energy conservation. The Directorate also provides technical guidance and evaluation for those fields.


Legal wise, Indonesia has already established their National Energy Policy Presidential Regulation No.5/2006 for the National Energy Policy, Ministerial Regulation No.14/2012 for Energy Management, Ministerial Regulation No.13-14/2010 for Energy Manager Competency in Industry and Commercials, Energy Conservation Government Regulation No.70/2009 for Energy Conservation. These regulations help in the implementation of Energy Management Program.


The enforcement for Energy Management program is within the jurisdiction of Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources.

Funding mechanisms

Indonesia have Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF) which focus on three criteria, energy and energy efficiency, sustainable forestry and peat land management and climate resilience. In energy and energy efficiency window, the focus will be on improving efficiency in industries, transportations, residential and commercial sectors. Some of the fund that caters Energy Management and energy efficiency projects are Chiller energy efficiency project, Promoting energy efficiency in industries through system optimization and energy management, Energy conservation program, large enterprises energy efficient project and Promoting energy efficiency for non-HCFC air-conditioner. These projects are stimulating projects for Indonesia to engage and create awareness in energy efficiency practices. All the projects undergone has created impacts for energy efficient programs in the country. All participating organizations received enough funds for kick-start programs. The trust fund has been implemented for a few years so that the organizations involved will be able to move independently aligned with Indonesian government aspiration on energy efficiency. Stimulating projects are good for pilot projects as well as benchmarking for the country to proceed for the next level. The projects are as good as unconventional awareness and education programs for energy efficiency.

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Energy business in the country is monitored by the Directorate General of New Energy, Renewable & Energy Conservation under the Division of Energy Conservation.

Malaysia


So far, the electrical energy sector in the country is spearheaded by the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water. The Ministry is responsible for sustainable energy policy and implement the practice with related agencies. The Energy Commission is the current government agency that administer the energy efficiency practices in the country.


In Malaysia, the regulation of Efficient Management of Electrical Energy 2008 under the Electric Supply Act 1991 is the only legal practice for Energy Management. The regulation stated that any installations that exceed the 3 million kilowatt hour of electrical energy consumption within 6 months will have to appoint a registered energy manager. The energy manager will have a duty to submit a report to the Energy Commission every month.


Energy Commission enforce the Energy Management practice in the country while Malaysian Green Technology Corporation. The energy consumption monitoring process currently is being monitored by Energy Commission with help from distribution licensee companies

Funding mechanisms

The Green Technology Financing Scheme which The Prime Minister of Malaysia announced as an effort to improve the supply and utilization of Green Technology. The scheme could benefit companies who are producers and users of green technology. As a sign of commitment, the Government will bear 2% of the total interest/profit rate. In addition, the Government will provide a guarantee of 60% on the financing amount via Credit Guarantee Corporation Malaysia Berhad (CGC), with the remaining 40% financing risk to be borne by participating financial institutions (PFIs).

Malaysian GreenTech Corporation has been appointed as the conduit for the Green Technology Financing Scheme (GTFS) application. The scheme has benefited more than 140 companies. The approved amount of financing is currently reaching USD 620 million. Malaysian-owned companies are urged to apply and it is based on first-come first-serve basis. The scheme provide funds for Energy Management too, apart from other sectors. The participants will have to apply for the criteria for building and township sector which encouraged them to apply for the grant. The participants can also apply under the category of energy utilization sectors that allows energy efficiency increasing program. GTFS proved to be successful to promote sustainable energy via energy efficiency and Energy Management practices.

Apart from GTFS, United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is currently promoting ISO50001 Energy Management System (EnMS) to be used in Malaysian industries. They are actively promoting it throughout the country, especially for micro, small and medium enterprises and not least to major and heavy industries. The EnMS is an international system

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that gives much benefits to the global industries as they shall practice the same standard in the whole globe.


Local universities doing researches on energy efficiency and management technologies.

Philippines


In The Philippines, the Department of Energy Act 1992 provides the power to the Department of Energy to regulates and monitor the energy business in the country.


So far, there is only one Administrative Order in the country which is Administrative Order 110 that comply only for the Government of The Philippines Energy Management Program. Under the Administrative Order 110, every department in the Government of The Philippines are required to submit a budget on the energy efficiency and energy management in every year. The department are told to practice and lead by example. The program called Directing The Institutionalization Of A Government Energy Management Program (GEMP) WHEREAS, it is imperative that long-term measures be adopted to minimize if not forestall any adverse effect of the crude price increases on the country’s essential economic activities; WHEREAS, to mitigate the ill effects of energy use on the environment, there is a compelling need for the Government to undertake a program promoting the judicious use of energy resources through intensified conservation efforts and efficient utilization thereof; WHEREAS, the Government’s five- (5) point energy reform agenda on energy independence aims to achieve sixty (60) percent self-sufficiency level by 2010 and thus shield the country from the price volatility of imported energy through the enhanced development and use of indigenous oil and gas reserves, renewable energy, alternative fuels, strategic alliances with other countries, and effective implementation of a National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Program (NEECP); WHEREAS, to maintain the Government’s credibility in encouraging the adoption of energy efficiency and conservation measures by the private sector, the Government shall lead by example implementing its own energy management program; WHEREAS, Section 1 (b) (2) of the Administrative Order No. 103, requires the reduction of at least ten percent (10%) in the cost of the consumption of fuel, water, office supplies, electricity and other utilities. For this purpose, agencies are hereby authorized to install and use energy-efficient lights and fixtures, and optimize the utilization of internet facilities especially for long-distance communication.


The energy business in the country is being monitored by the Energy Conservation Office Division under the Department of Energy. The energy consumption in the country is being monitored by the Energy Data Centre of the Philippines.

Funding mechanisms

The fund for Energy Management program in the country is being provided by the Philippines’ Government as in Administrative Order 110.


There are no local technologies at the moment.

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The Republic of Singapore


The National Environment Agency with its Energy Efficiency Program Office managed and implement the Energy Management program in the country.


Singapore has established their Energy Conservation Act in 2013. Registrable Corporations Order 2013, Energy Management Practices Regulations 2013 and Composition of Offences Regulations 2013 enables Singapore to practice Energy Management legislatively. Those regulations has been mandatory throughout the whole country. The order required installations with consumption threshold of 54 Tera joule of energy consumed in a year or more to be registered and submit their report to the implementing agency. The installation registered must also practice energy management as stipulated in the Energy Management Practices Regulations 2013.


The energy consumption monitoring is under the purview of National Environment Agency (NEA). National Environment Agency monitor and enforce the Regulations. Under the Composition of Offences Regulations 2013, the registrable corporations which has to undergo the Energy Management Practice Regulations 2013 shall be penalized for the excess consumptions.

Funding mechanisms

Singaporean government has allocated a specific fund for the energy management program. The fund called Singaporean Certified Energy Manager (SCEM) Program and Training Grant will allow the recipient to be trained at the professional level. The fund dedicated to develop local expertise and capability in professional energy management.


In the country, they have Green Building Research Program. It has been identified as a key enabler to bring greater resource efficiency in buildings. Buildings accounted for about 16% of Singapore’s total energy consumption in 2007. A Green Building research and development roadmap co-developed by A*STAR, the Ministry of National Development (MND), Building and Construction Authority (BCA) and several other public sector agencies in 2010 had ranked energy efficient technologies for building applications as one of the strategic R&D focus areas for Singapore. To encourage and support Green Building R&D, A*STAR and MND have entered into a partnership for a Green Building programme which will support, amongst others, R&D on building energy management systems and other technologies.

Thailand


In Thailand, the Energy Management practice has been led by The Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE) who prescribed under the Act on Administrative Organisation of the State Affairs are: to be responsible for energy efficiency promotion, energy conservation regulation, energy sources provision, alternative development of integrated energy uses, energy technology dissemination in systematic and continuous

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proceeding to adequately respond the demand from every sector at optimal costs beneficial to the country development and the people better living standard. The duties prescribed under The Energy Conservation Promotion Act B.E.2535 are: to be responsible for regulation, supervision, promotion and assistance provision to the designated factories and buildings to comply with laws and regulations for efficient use of energy and savings.


Thailand have regulated the Energy Management practice under The Energy Conservation Promotion Act 1992 (Revised 2007) with the Bureau of Energy Efficiency Promotion. The duty of the bureau are:

(1) Setting measures and plans for energy conservation and promoting energy efficiency in small and medium industries, buildings and residences, transportation and agricultural sector which are not prescribed by law.

(2) Setting high energy performance standard on equipment, materials, machineries and materials to encourage energy efficiency.

(3) Promoting and supporting energy efficiency production, distribution, and utilization of high efficiency machineries, materials and equipment which is not compiled by law.

(4) Providing academic counselling and recommendations for energy conservation which is not compiled by law.

(5) Managing and providing financial support for energy conservation as stipulated by law.

Pursuant to Section 11 (2), (3) and Section 22 of the ECP Act 1992 (B.E.2535) in combination with a Ministerial Regulation Re: Criteria, Methods and Timeline in Recording and Submitting the Energy Conservation Data 2004 (B.E. 2547), has required the owner of designated factory / building shall submit the data on energy production, consumption and conservation to DEDE in the Form 1 for designated building that be countersigned by PRE to endorse the rightness of such the data. Failure to do so may cause them to be punished. Any owner of the designated factory / building did not submit the data on energy consumption and conservation in the Form 1 DEDE shall be fined at not exceeding 100,000 baht (Section 56).


The Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, under the Bureau of Energy Regulation and Conservation enforce the Energy Management program for the country within provision of the Energy Conservation Promotion Act.

Funding mechanisms

In Thailand, they have a few scheme on the Energy Management practice. They have the Advisory Centre for Energy Management System, Revolving Fund Project, Advisory Services and Energy Audit on Industry and Building Energy Savings and Various Tools and Technical Support. Under the Energy Promotion Conservation Act there is specific fund called Energy

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Promotion Conservation Fund which caters for Energy Efficiency Projects and Management Programs.


The Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency with the Bureau of Technology Transfer and Dissemination has set up a dedicated Knowledge Centre of Energy. They have Technical Support Centre throughout the whole country too. The other duties are as well as:

(1) Disseminating and transferring energy technologies.

(2) Campaigning energy knowledge and demonstrating energy use.

(3) Developing and applying appropriate energy technologies gained from research and local wisdoms.

Vietnam


The Energy Management Program in Vietnam is in the purview of The Ministry of Industry and Trade, under the Department of Energy, Energy Conservation Office. The Energy Conservation Office is one of the division in the Department of Energy, looking in the area of energy efficiency and Energy Management practices.


Like some other countries, Vietnam has already established their Energy Efficiency and Conservation Law in 2010. Vietnamese National Assembly has accepted the law in 2010, the resolution number was 50/2010/QH12 which allows Vietnam to practice energy efficiency and conservation as stipulated in the legal document. In the chapter 8 there is a regulation on The Management of Energy Use by Major Users. The ministry, with the concerned by the Prime Minister, determine the level of large energy users and they have to take action as stipulated in the article 33, 34 and 35. The large energy users shall monitors the progress for annual and 5-years report. If any of the users failed to oblige will be punished by the law.


The Energy Efficiency and Conservation Law clearly stated that the enforcement of the Energy Management practice lies with The Ministry of Industry and Trade. Energy in The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is being monitored by the Energy Conservation Office. Under Chapter 11 in the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Law, it is stipulated that the economical and efficient use of energy is with the responsibilities of the Ministry of Industry and Trade. Chapter 11, Article 45, Number 3 stipulated that the Ministry have to organize energy database system, thus to monitor the energy usage for the whole country.

Funding mechanisms

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Vietnam has funds for Energy Manager Trainings. Asian Development Bank has also provided technical assistance to fund Energy Audit work. Other than that, Vietnam received fund from JICA, DANIDA and World Bank on Energy Management program.


Currently, the country concentrates more on national development.

India


India is a developing country with massive industrial growth. In India, the Ministry of Power with its agency, The Bureau of Energy Efficiency is administering and managing the energy business. Apart from central agency, the bureau has also set up state offices to attend to energy issues.


India has already implemented their Energy Conservation Act in 2001. The act combined both Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation elements. There is a specific part in the Energy Conservation Act - Chapter IV, 13(2), Chapter V, 14 (l)(m)(n) which covers the Energy Management Program.

The Bureau may perform such functions and exercise such powers as may be assigned to it by or under this Act and in particular, such functions and powers include the function and power to—

1. Promote research and development in the field of energy conservation;

2. Promote use of energy efficient processes, equipment, devices and systems;

3. Promote innovative financing of energy efficiency projects;

4. Give financial assistance to institutions for promoting efficient use of energy and its conservation;

5. Maintain a list of accredited energy auditors as may be specified by regulations;

6. Specify, by regulations, the qualifications, criteria and conditions subject to which a person may be accredited as an energy auditor and the procedure for such accreditation;

7. Specify, by regulations, the manner and intervals of time in which the energy audit shall be conducted;

8. Specify, by regulations, certification procedures for energy auditors and energy managers to be designated or appointed by designated consumers;

9. Prepare educational curriculum on efficient use of energy and its conservation for educational institutions, boards, universities or autonomous bodies and coordinate with them for inclusion of such curriculum in their syllabus;

10. Conduct examination for capacity building and strengthening of services in the field of energy conservation including certification of energy managers and energy auditors;

11. Implement international co-operation programmes relating to efficient use of energy and its conservation as may be assigned to it by the Central

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12. Direct any designated consumer to designate or appoint energy manager in charge of activities for efficient use of energy and its conservation and submit a report, in the form and manner as may be prescribed, on the status of energy consumption at the end of every financial year to the designated agency;

13. Prescribe minimum qualification for energy auditors and energy managers to be designated or appointed under clause (l);

14. Direct every designated consumer to comply with energy consumption norms and standards; Monitoring and enforcement

The Energy Management monitoring program is currently administering by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency. There is an article in the Energy Conservation Act, Chapter IV, 13 that enables the agency to monitor the progress of the involved industries and installations. Those industries and Installations Must Submit Annual Consumption Data To The Bureau Of Energy Efficiency Within The Powers Of The Act. THE ENERGY CONSERVATION (THE FORM AND MANNER FOR SUBMISSION OF REPORT ON THE STATUS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY THE DESIGNATED CONSUMERS) RULES, 2007 [GSR 174(E), Dated 2-3-2007] This Clause Specifies The Energy Consumption Reporting Procedures. The Energy Conservation Act provided the power of enforcement of the Energy Management program to the Ministry of Power and Bureau of Energy Efficiency.

Funding mechanisms

In India, the act provides a specific fund on the Energy Management Program. There are two types of fund which is State Energy Conservation Fund and Total Energy Management Program. The first fund is categorized by the development of the states in the country for capacity buildings while the second covers the professional level for Energy Management Program. As per the Energy Conservation Act, it is mandatory for all the designated energy consumers to get energy audit conducted by an Accredited Energy Auditor and to designate or appoint an Energy Manager. The Government of India has specified the passing of the National level certification examination as the qualification for a Certified Energy Manager & Certified Energy Auditor. BEE has taken up the challenge of creating a level of professionally qualified energy managers with expertise in energy management, project management, financing and implementation of energy efficiency projects, and policy analysis.

The Bureau has successfully conducted Ten National Certification Examinations since 2004. After 10th Examination, 8026 persons have been qualified as energy managers out of which 5731 have been qualified as energy auditors.


TERI, known as The Energy Research Institute is a very popular research division in the country since 1974. The institute covers a lot of issues in energy technologies as well as energy management.

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Sweden


Sweden is a developed country with stable development and economic growth. Sweden also has a lot of renewable energy resources. The European Union laws and regulations made them even better. The energy business in the country is administered by the Ministry of Enterprise, Energy & Communications where its agency, Swedish Energy Agency managed the total energy consumption, energy development and sustainable energy programs.


In 2009 the Swedish Government agreed on a long term and sustainable energy and climate policy for Sweden. Swedish energy policy is increasingly affected by decisions at the international level. The targets for 2020 ensure that Sweden will live up to national obligations decided in the EU.

The main policy measures in Sweden are general economic instruments, providing financial incentives aiming for cost-effective solutions and promoting competition between technologies. This includes CO2 and energy taxation, emissions trading and tradable green certificates for renewable electricity. This is complemented with other measures, such as research, development and demonstration efforts and information efforts to influence behaviour.

The agreement presents a way out of fossil energy dependence. Measures to promote renewable energy and more efficient energy use will strengthen Sweden's security of energy supply and competitiveness. It will also give Swedish research and entrepreneurship a leading role in the global transition to a low carbon economy.

The Swedish energy policy is based on the same three pillars as the energy cooperation in the EU - ecological sustainability, competitiveness and security of energy supply.

In 2009 the Swedish parliament approved the Government's proposal for a new energy and climate policy (bills 2008/09:162 and 2008/09:163). The bills set ambitious energy-related targets for 2020 and also long-term priorities.

By 2020:

40 per cent reduction in greenhouse gases compared to 1990 At least 50 per cent share of renewable energy in the energy mix At least 10 per cent share of renewable energy in the transport sector 20 per cent more efficient use of energy compared to 2008

Sweden also has to comply with European Union Commission Directive 2012/27/EU which includes the requirements in Energy Efficiency. Major energy savings for consumers: easy and free-of-charge access to data on real-time and historical energy consumption through more accurate individual metering will now empower consumers to better manage their energy consumption. The obligation for large enterprises to carry out an energy audit at least every four years, with a first energy audit at the latest by 5 December 2015. Incentives for SMEs to undergo energy audits to help them identify the potential for reduced energy consumption. Public sector to lead by example by renovating 3% of buildings owned and occupied by the central governments starting from 01 January 2014 and by including energy efficiency

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considerations in public procurement – insofar as certain conditions are met (e.g. cost-effectiveness, economic feasibility) – so as to purchase energy efficient buildings, products and services. Efficiency in energy generation: monitoring of efficiency levels of new energy generation capacities, national assessments for co-generation and district heating potential and measures for its uptake to be developed by 31 December 2015, including recovery of waste heat, demand side resources to be encouraged.


Swedish Energy Agency, with helps from the Ministry of Enterprise, Energy & Communications monitors and enforced the energy situation in the country as stipulated in the Swedish Government Bills.

Funding mechanisms

Nordic Energy Research is the funding institution for energy research under the Nordic Council of Ministers – the intergovernmental body between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Nordic Energy Research is the platform for joint Nordic Energy Research and policy development under the auspices of Nordic Council of Ministers. We promote cooperation in research and policy that adds value to the national initiatives in the Nordic countries.

VINNOVA - Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems - is Sweden’s innovation agency. Our mission is to promote sustainable growth by improving the conditions for innovations, as well as funding needs-driven research.

VINNOVA’s vision is for Sweden to be a world-leading country in research and innovation, an attractive place in which to invest and conduct business. We promote collaborations between companies, universities, research institutes and the public sector. We do this by stimulating a greater use of research, by making long-term investment in strong research and innovation milieus and by developing catalytic meeting places. VINNOVA’s activities also focus on strengthening international cooperation. In order to increase our impact, we are also dedicated to interacting with other research financiers and innovation-promoting organisations.

Other than that, Sweden also received funds from European Commission and International Energy Agency from the past.


The Swedish Energy Agency (SEA) manages the National Energy Research Programs. The Agency cooperates with three other government bodies: the Swedish Research Council, the Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS) and the Swedish Government Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA). The Energy Research and Development Board (EUN), whose members are appointed by the government, is the ultimate decision-making body for the Swedish Energy Agency.

In most cases government-financed energy R&D is co-financed by private companies and other organisations. Among these are Elforsk, which is owned by Swedish electricity suppliers and network operators. Other private R&D actors in energy include ABB, Vattenfall, the Swedish Steel Producers’ Association, Scania and Volvo.

Energy R&D includes so-called ‘Competence Centres’. These were established by the former Swedish National Board for Industrial and Technical Development (NUTEK) in 1995 to conduct interdisciplinary applied research in areas relevant to industry’s long-term goals. The Swedish

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Energy Agency at present finances seven Competence Centres. The Centres are all co-financed by their respective host universities, the Agency and various industrial alliances, each of these groups contributing about one-third of the budget.

Some of the research areas includes Energy Systems Programme. The interdisciplinary Energy Systems Programme consists of a graduate school and a research programme. It is implemented through three systems: Buildings as Energy Systems; Industrial Energy Systems; and Local and Regional Energy Systems, respectively. The objective of the programme is to advance knowledge towards the long-term development of sustainable and resource-efficient energy systems. The programme is managed by the Swedish Energy Agency and has a budget of approximately €14 million for the period 2010–2013.

California, USA


The United States of America has been one of the countries that lead the Energy Management program for years and they have been helping developing countries to do so. Their Energy Management program with US-AID and ASEAN Centre of Energy managed to help ASEAN countries implementing Energy Management programs. California is one of the states in the country that actively promotes Energy Management. Where national agency of energy programs lie with The Department of Energy, California State Government implement the programs within the state. The programs is managed by California Energy Commission, an agency with the state government. The agency was created in 1974 and it sets the California state energy policy and other energy matters.

Forecasting future energy needs; Promoting energy efficiency and conservation by setting the state's appliance and building efficiency standards; Supporting public interest energy research that advances energy science and technology through research, development and demonstration programs; Developing renewable energy resources and alternative renewable energy technologies for buildings, industry and transportation; Licensing thermal power plants 50 megawatts or larger; Planning for and directing state response to energy emergencies.


In the USA, all states are required to implement the Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) which has been set by the Energy Efficiency Division in the Department of Energy. Federal Register 75, FR 78231 is the Notice of Management of Energy and Water Efficiency in Federal Buildings that describes Federal agency facility energy and water project management and benchmarking requirements, including: • Designate covered facilities and assign facility energy managers for ensuring compliance of covered facilities subject to the requirements; • Conduct comprehensive energy and water evaluations; • Implement identified efficiency measures; • Follow-up on implemented efficiency measures; • Deploy and use web-based tracking system for covered facilities’ energy use, evaluations, projects, follow-up and analysis;

http://www.energimyndigheten.se/Forskning/Energisystemstudier/Program-Energisystem

http://www.energy.ca.gov/electricity_analysis/index.html

http://www.energy.ca.gov/efficiency/index.html

http://www.energy.ca.gov/efficiency/index.html

http://www.energy.ca.gov/research/index.html




http://www.energy.ca.gov/sitingcases/alphabetical.html

http://www.energy.ca.gov/emergencies/index.html

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• Benchmark metered buildings that are, or part of, covered facilities; and • Disclose Federal agency progress in evaluating covered facilities, project implementation, follow-up status, and benchmarked building performance implementation status.

Addition to it, the Assembly Bill 758 (2009) requires the California Energy Commission to develop a comprehensive program to achieve greater energy efficiency in the state’s existing buildings. The programs cover energy efficiency efforts through state and local upgrade programs, workforce training and financing. Funds will be used for campaigns to the local and state citizens.


The energy program monitoring is currently under the purview of California Energy Commission. Enforcement is within the jurisdiction of California State Government with help from California Energy Commission.

Funding mechanisms

California has received $226 million in federal American Recovery and reinvestment (ARRA) funds for the State Energy Program (SEP). California's SEP is focused on increasing energy efficiency to reduce energy costs and consumption, cut reliance on imported energy, and shrink energy impacts on the environment. PG&E, SoCal Gas, SDG&E and SCE program helps Californian to manage their own energy consumptions and educates them about the energy systems.


The research division in the California Energy Commission has and currently exploring the area of Energy-Related Environmental Research Area within PIER, to develop cost-effective approaches to evaluating and resolving environmental effects of energy production, delivery and use in the state, and to explore the new electricity applications and products to solve environmental issues. The research falls into a few categories, namely Air Quality and Energy, Aquatic Resources and Energy, Terrestrial Resources and Energy, and Energy Related Global Climate Change Issues.

The building end-use energy efficiency research division in other hand studies on effective building and appliance technologies that put the state on the path to zero net energy residential buildings by 2020 and zero net energy commercial buildings by 2030. The research explores new and emerging energy efficiency technologies suitable to be used, as well as for maintenance and commissioning to optimize all cost-effective energy efficiency measures. The research also examines the resource lifecycle in environment, human behaviour on energy savings, and attempts to understand and overcome barriers to energy efficiency deployment in those type of buildings. Building efficiency research is primarily focused on short- to medium-term applied research in new and existing buildings. The research portfolio is grouped into eight research categories:

Lighting (e.g. light sources, fixtures, controls). Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (e.g. motors, fans, rooftop units, indoor environmental quality, operations and maintenance). Demand Response (e.g. metering, pricing, end-use load management). Equipment, Appliances and Plug Loads (e.g. water heating, foodservice, electronics). Whole Building and Envelope (e.g. fenestration, windows, simulation).

http://www.energy.ca.gov/research/buildings/lighting.html

http://www.energy.ca.gov/research/buildings/hvac.html

http://www.energy.ca.gov/research/buildings/demand.html

http://www.energy.ca.gov/research/buildings/appliances.html

http://www.energy.ca.gov/research/buildings/wholebuilding.html

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Community-Scale (e.g. heat islands, cool roofs, walkable communities, environmental impacts of building materials). Demonstrations and Market Adoption. Codes and Standards (e.g. Title 24 - Buildings, Title 20 - Appliances).

Germany


The German Government Energy Policy stated that in energy savings and energy efficiency, Germany is following a three-tiered approach consisting of requirements, support and information. The buildings sector is responsible for 40 percent of primary energy consumption in Germany and for approximately 33 percent of CO2 emissions. The Federal Government will gradually raise minimum efficiency standards and introduce a long-term modernisation roadmap for existing buildings in order to meet the targets in the building sector. This will be achieved by further developing regulatory provisions (amendment of the Energy Saving Ordinance in 2013) and by considerably stepping up economic incentives for energy related refurbishment of buildings. Funds for the CO2 building modernisation programme were stocked up to a volume of 1.8 billion euros for the 2012 to 2014 period.

The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy of Germany is the centre of economic policy and lay the foundations for economic in the region to ensure that this prosperity is spread broadly throughout the inhabitants. The ministry develops specific objectives that serve as guide for the formulation of economic policy.

The objectives include:

developing opportunities to ensure sustained economic growth and competitiveness with other economies

ensuring a high level of employment

strengthening small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)

promoting new technologies and innovation to maintain economic competitiveness

linking economic and ecological goals

expanding the worldwide division of labour and a free system of world trade

ensuring a secure energy supply at appropriate prices

The Ministry's legislative, administrative and coordinating functions in areas such as competition policy, regional policy, SME policy, energy policy, and external economic policy are geared to this task.

Apart from the Ministry of Economic Affairs & Technology, The Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety also speaks about climate and energy efficiency. The Ministry targets to:

Reduce target for primary energy consumption is 20 percent by 2020 and 50 percent by 2050; and for electricity consumption it is 10 percent by 2020 and 25 percent by 2050.

In the buildings sector the target are as follows: 20 percent more energy savings for heat by 2020, by 2050 an 80 percent reduction in primary energy consumption, a near climate-neutral building stock and a doubling of the energy-related modernisation rate to 2 percent annually.

In energy productivity the aim is an average increase rate of 2.1 percent up to 2050.

http://www.energy.ca.gov/research/buildings/community.html

http://www.energy.ca.gov/research/buildings/demonstrations.html

http://www.energy.ca.gov/research/buildings/codes.html

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In Germany, they have a dedicated agency to implement the Energy business throughout the country. Dena, the German Energy Agency is the centre of expert for energy efficiency, renewable energy sources and intelligent energy systems. The agency missions are to generate economic growth and maintain prosperity with lower energy inputs. To achieve it, energy must be generated and used in global context in efficient, safe and economic ways, with the least climate impacts. Dena is developing energy efficiency and renewable energy markets in cooperation with stakeholders from the worlds of politics, business and society. Dena is working on both supply and demand-side issues. Dena encourages projects and pioneering work, advising politicians, manufacturers and service providers. Apart from it, the agency also train leaders, doing awareness and educations to the Germany citizen, build networks, evaluates technologies, analyse markets and models future scenarios.


The European Union Directive 2006/32/EC is a directive adopted from the framework for energy end-use efficiency and energy service. It includes an indicative energy savings target for the union members, the obligations on national public authorities as regards on energy savings and energy efficient procurement and measures to promote energy efficiency and energy services.

The purpose of the Directive is to make the end use of energy more economic and efficient by:

Establishing indicative targets, incentives and the institutional, financial and legal frameworks needed to eliminate market barriers and imperfections which prevent efficient end use of energy; Creating the conditions for the development and promotion of a market for energy services and for the delivery of energy-saving programmes and other measures aimed at improving end-use energy efficiency.

Union members must ensure that energy distributors, distribution system operators and energy retail businesses that sell electricity, natural gas, heating oil and district heating:

Refrain from any activity which could hamper the supply of energy services, programmes to improve energy efficiency and other measures aimed at improving general energy efficiency; Supply information on their final customers needed to develop and implement programmes to improve energy efficiency; At the discretion of the Member States, possibly using voluntary agreements or other market-based measures, offer and promote energy services to their final customers or offer and promote energy audits and/or measures to improve energy efficiency or contribute to the financial instruments for improving energy efficiency.

The European Union Directive 2012/27/EU brings forward legally binding measures to step up Union Members efforts to use energy more efficiently at all stages of the energy chain – from the transformation of energy and its distribution to its final consumption. Measures include the legal obligation to establish energy efficiency obligations schemes or policy measures in all Member States. These will drive energy efficiency improvements in households, industries and transport sectors. Other measures include an exemplary role to be played by the public sector and a right for consumers to know how much energy they consume.

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The Energy Efficiency Directive establishes a common framework of measures for the promotion of energy efficiency within the Union, in order to ensure the achievement of the Union’s 2020 20% headline target on energy efficiency and to pave the way for further energy efficiency improvements beyond that date. The Directive lays down rules designed to remove barriers in the energy market and overcome market failures that impede efficiency in the supply and use of energy, and provides for the establishment of indicative national energy efficiency targets for 2020. The requirements laid down in the Directive are minimum requirements and do not prevent any Member State from maintaining or introducing more stringent measures in efficiency in energy use, energy supply and horizontal provisions.


Energy business in the Germany is within the purview of Ministry of Economic Affairs & Technology, The Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety with its agency, German Energy Agency. In Germany, they have an ODYSSEE and MURE Indicator which adopted from the European Union project.

ODYSSEE contains detailed energy efficiency and carbon indicators with data on energy consumption, their drivers (activity indicators) and their related carbon emissions.

MURE is the database that contains a description, with the impact evaluation whenever available of all energy efficiency measures implemented at the European Union or national level.

The purpose of the project is to provide a comprehensive monitoring of energy consumption and efficiency trends as well as an evaluation of energy efficiency policy measures by sectors for European Union countries. The database can evaluate and compare energy efficiency progress by sector and relate this progress to the observed trends in energy consumption. The database also contributes to the evaluation of national energy efficiency policy measures and analyse the dynamics of implementations. All 28 European Union countries contribute to the network, usually representing by their national energy efficiency agencies.

The enforcement of energy business in Germany is led by The Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, The Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety and German Energy Agency.

Funding mechanisms

Energy Research Knowledge Centre in Germany is motivated by the decision of the German government to foster energy efficiency and renewable energy and to phase out nuclear energy by 2022. The German Energy Research Programme supports these targets. For example, recent initiatives focus on energy grids and energy storage for improved management of intermittent electricity production from renewable sources.

In the Energy Savings and Energy Efficiency priority area of the 6th Energy Research Programme under The Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology is funding projects which:

Tap the potential for saving energy in all areas of the economy and in private households;

Involve research on innovative storage technologies and future power grids;

Investigate the development of technologies to boost efficiency during energy conversion.

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The initiatives within this programme cover energy-optimised building, energy-efficient cities, energy efficiency in industry, energy saving and storage technologies, efficient power grids, power plant technology and CCS technology, fuel cells and hydrogen, and system analysis.


In Germany, as well as other European Union members, they already have implemented a good and strong Energy Policy and Framework. With minimal enforcement and legislations, they have already moving ahead and leading the Energy Management practices.

Kenya


Kenya is one of a country in Africa which already enforced the Energy Act, Energy Bill and Energy Management Regulations. Kenya also has implemented the Feed-in Tariff program under its Renewable Energy Act. The energy sector in the country is administered by The Ministry of Energy with its agency, Energy Regulatory Commission. Energy Regulatory Commission is established under the Energy Act, 2006. Following the operationalization of the Energy Act, 2006, with effect from July 7 2007, the Electricity Regulatory Board (ERB) became Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) with the following objectives and functions:-

Regulate the electrical energy, petroleum and related products, renewable energy and other forms of energy. Protect the interests of consumer, investor and other stakeholder interests. Maintain a list of accredited energy auditors as may be prescribed. Monitor, ensure implementation of, and the observance of the principles of fair competition in the energy sector, in coordination with other statutory authorities. Provide such information and statistics to the Minister as he may from time to time require; and Collect and maintain energy data. Prepare indicative national energy plan. Perform any other function that is incidental or consequential to its functions under the Energy Act or any other written law.


Kenya has already gazetted and implemented their Energy Act. The Energy Act, No. 12 of 2006 consolidated the Electric Power Act No. 11 of 1997 and the Petroleum Act Cap. 116. The Act, among other things provided for the establishment, powers and functions of the Energy Regulatory Commission. Energy Act 2006, Part V, Article 104-106 clarify the issues on Energy Efficiency and Conservation that allows The Minister to develop and manage a prudent national energy efficiency and conservation programme. The act stated The Commission shall, in consultation with the Minister, designate factories or buildings and electrical appliances by types, quantities of energy use, or methods of energy utilization for purposes of energy efficiency and conservation. Article 106 stated the owner of a building designated under the act, shall conserve energy, audit and analyse energy consumption in his building in accordance with the standards, criteria, and procedures as prescribed by regulations.

Kenya’s Energy Management Regulations 2012 stated any installations that have to comply with The Energy Act has to implement Energy Management Programs. All policy, forms and procedures to the Energy Management program is written in the regulation.

http://www.erc.go.ke/images/Regulations/energy.pdf

http://www.erc.go.ke/images/Regulations/energy.pdf

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Kenya’s Energy Bill 2013, Part VIII, Clause 268-287 is the part for Energy Efficiency and Conservation. The part mentioned about the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Programs Layout until the requirements of energy managers, energy audits and annual energy consumption reporting.


Monitoring and enforcement of the Energy Management program is within the purview of Energy Regulatory Commission.

Funding mechanisms

Kenya has to cover the electricity for their rural area in the Rural Electrification Program, so the priority of fund is more towards corporate social responsibility.


Currently, Kenya is adopting global technologies or systems and standards in incorporating their Energy Management program. Kenya is practicing ISO50001 Energy Management System through UNIDO and welcomes any sources of Energy Management.

Discussions and Recommendations

The report summarizes the Energy Management practices within the ASEAN region and also from few developed countries. The purposes is to compare and combine every possible steps of Energy Management programs within Malaysia. Where Singapore and Thailand have been the leader of the practices in the region, it is no doubt that the best practices come from the USA, Germany, Sweden and India. Being backed by their strong policy and legal framework, the Energy Management programs moved forward and improved every years.

1. Malaysia can be as good as the developed countries in Energy Management programs, but there are a few suggestions that could be done based on the best practices recommendations: Malaysia have to start drafting, gazetting and implementing the Energy Efficiency and

Conservation Act. The law is the legal framework that could be the first step to improve on the energy conservation programs. A strong policy could be benefited from a good legal support. Every legal framework introduces penalties for the not be able to comply to the rules. Penalties are not good morally but it must have make users be aware from any energy issues. The penalties suggested maybe in terms of fine, any amount of energy exceeded the limit will be fine in multiply to the current market value of energy or the installation will have to pay a kind of levy for Energy Efficiency measures to be taken at the installations.

If Malaysia will not start drafting the act, then Malaysia can amend or improve on the current Efficient Management of Electrical Energy Regulation (EMEER) 2008 which derived from Electrical Supply Act 1991 (amendment 2001). EMEER is only a statement of intent to appoint Energy Manager as to comply with the regulation. Kenya, with its Energy Bill 2013 even derived Energy Management program better in the regulation. EMEER can be improved by inserting some extra commitments for the Energy Managers and installations to practice energy conservation. In USA FEMP, European Union Directives, Thailand ENCON Act, Singapore’s Energy Efficiency Act and Kenya Energy Management Regulation stated that the installations involved must has Energy Management and energy conservation implementation plan, either mid-term or long term period, at least for five years. The Energy Manager, through their top management shall commits to the plan as it will be able to reduce the energy consumption. The regulations can ensure the participation from the top management if penalties are invoke too. The report is suggesting to add more articles on the current EMEER

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2008 and Malaysia shall refer to some regulations made. Kenya Energy Management Regulation 2012 and Singapore’s Energy Conservation (Registrable Corporations) Order 2013, Energy Conservation (Energy Management Practices) Regulations 2013 and Energy Conservation (Composition of Offences) Regulations 2013, these are some regulation that Malaysia can add on to the current EMEER 2008. These regulations specifically inserted Energy Management requirements in it where the installations and the energy managers will have to comply. This report strongly recommends to improve and insert commitments as shown by Kenya and Singapore’s regulation to the current EMEER 2008.

The Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water with Energy Commission and other implementing agencies have to actively promoting the Energy Management programs throughout the whole country. The ministry shall allocate some fund or grants to the agencies and associations whom they think can promote sustainable energy. The ministry and the agencies have to start from the schools to the industries. There is less awareness among our citizens currently and the ministry shall lead the way. As an example, federal buildings consumed so much energy where the government has to pay more than RM 1.9 billion annually just for energy bills (adopted from Government Lead by Example report). The report believed that the Government of Malaysia shall practice and lead by example. Energy demand and better energy practices will results in better energy consumptions.

Malaysian Government shall be giving grants or subsidies or tax incentives on practicing Energy Management. Those are stimulants given to embark on energy conservation practices. The example would be there should be tax rebate if any registered installations went for Energy Managers’ training and sit for the exam. The amount of tax rebate shall be limitless to encourage the employees to go for the training and passed the examinations.

Increasing the electricity tariff is not good politically, but it will increase the awareness of Malaysian citizen on the energy security and supply issues. Fossil fuels is depleting and apart from renewable energies, energy conservation practices can prolong the fuel supply, at least for quite some time.

Awareness and education shall be started from pre-school up until tertiary education. Sustainable energy practices take years to adapt, and so do training. Malaysian citizens shall be educated on practicing energy efficiency, thus implementing energy conservation within working environment and at home. The Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water is urged to promote education and awareness to the schools, pre-schools and even to the universities. Centre for Education and Training in Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and Green Technology has managed to promote the energy conservations practices for a few years now. The effort shall be limitless and widen to the whole country frequently. More awareness budget shall be provided to them as to promote the sustainable practices. The centre altogether with the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water and the Ministry of Education shall create a syllabus for the school children. The syllabus shall covers sustainable energy practices and efforts of conservation energy. The syllabus can be a year program long in standard 5 pupils in primary schools, form 1 and form 2 secondary students.

2. Nonetheless, the currently electricity tariff increased has created an impact on the electrical energy consumption. The electricity tariff increase of 16.7 percent results in overall spending on monthly electricity bill. The hike in electricity tariff can be offset with better energy management. If those buildings that have been subscribed to comply with EMEER 2008 managed to reduce their electricity consumption by at least 17 percent, the energy price shall have no impact. The designated registered electrical energy manager shall manage and implement energy conservation practice in their buildings. Provided the buildings have appointed their energy management committee, the committee should be able to determine every single energy user thus plan and implement the action plan towards energy conservation. Shall the electricity tariff be increased in the future, there are more action plan need to be taken to limit the energy bill. Our neighbour Singapore and Thailand has demonstrated that the promotion of Energy Efficiency practices in their Energy Conservation Law programs managed to cope with their higher energy price of 3.96 Baht

23

and 28 Singaporean cents. Both countries has managed to promote the efficient practices of energy consumption towards the federal and commercial building users, prompt to reduce their electricity consumption by 4.7 percent at an average (2010 baseline). Through their own fund generated from legislation procedures, they provides scheme, fund, and tax incentives for energy efficient practices. With their strict regulations on energy management, like European Union members, Kenya and the USA, they have the sticks to determine on the path of energy conservation. The sticks are bound by the regulatory framework will ensure the active participation in Energy Management practices.

Conclusion

This report is produced as to look around the neighbourhood for the Energy Management programs and the effort done by a few developed countries for being the practice benchmark. As far as Malaysia wants to develop and become a developed country by 2020, we shall be aware of the practices around the globe, and in the ASEAN region too. This report perhaps, will give some ideas and experience learnt from other countries in implementing and managing the Energy Management program. Whereas some countries have strengthen the program due to comprehensive legal tools, it is not late for Malaysia to improve on our current situation. Enforcement might become a problem to solve but awareness and education towards Energy Management shall be provided intensively for the Malaysian citizen. Our citizen should has taken a step forward in managing energy as energy security will become an issue in the near future. The era of subsidized energy price might be gone soon and despite of our wealth, the energy conservation practices shall be integrated even from school children.

The reports is done without any prejudice to the Malaysian Government, the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water and implementing agencies. This report is served as a purpose to the United Nations Development Program- Building Sector Energy Efficiency Project as to improve the Energy Management practices in the country.

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