1 farmakologi dan toksikologi 2 pdf

8/10/2019 1 Farmakologi Dan Toksikologi 2 PDF

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D R . P A T O N A H , M S I . , A P T .

FARMAKOLOGI DANTOKSIKOLOGI 2


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PUSTAKA / BUKU ACUAN

Goodman & Gilmans: manual of pharmacologyand therapeutics

Color Atlas of Pharmacology

Farmakologi dan terapi edisi 4


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KEMOTERAPI

The term chemotherapy, initially referring toantiparasitic therapy, now refers more broadly tothe use of any chemical compound that selectively

acts on microbes or cancer


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The emergence of microbial antibiotic drugresistance was speeded by the indiscriminate use ofantibiotics in humans and livestock.

Inappropriate use of antibiotics is very common,and it accelerates the development of resistance inpathogens.


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INTERAKSI ANTARA PASIEN, OBATDAN PATOGEN

Farmakokinetik

Farmakodinamik

Immunitas

Resistensi

Toksisitas selektif


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LETHAL VERSUS INHIBITORY EFFECTS

Antibiotics can be classified according to their effects

on the biochemistry or molecular biology of pathogens.

There are ribosomal inhibitors (macrolides),

cell wall disrupters (-lactams),

DNA disturbers (fluoroquinolones),

and metabolic poisons (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole).

Antibiotics also can be classified according to whether

they arestatic (inhibitory) or cidal (lethal). The classification of drugs as either static or cidal is

based on laboratory assessment of the interaction of

pathogen and antibiotic drug.


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MANAGING CHEMOTHERAPY

Initial therapy is usually empirical; and the regimen isadjusted according to the results of culture andsensitivity testing.

Physicians must select a drug, administration route,dosage, and dosing interval. These may be

changed several times during therapy. For example, severe nausea and high severity of

illness may necessitate initial parenteral antibioticadministration. Several days later, when the nausea

has abated and the patient is clinically stable, thepatient may be switched to oral chemotherapy.

Such an adjustment of therapy reduces the lengthof hospital stay while providing effective, safetreatment.


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Once a chemotherapy regimen has been selected,the next step in managing chemotherapy is todefine the outcome measures that will define

therapeutic success and those that will defineunacceptable toxicity and necessitatediscontinuation of the chosen drugs


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Often treatment must be continued for several daysafter objective signs and symptoms of infectionhave resolved.

Patients should be instructed to continue antibioticsfor the full duration indicated, even if they feelbetter.

More than half of courses of antimicrobial

chemotherapy are inappropriate.


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MATERI KULIAH (UAS)

1. Anti virus (nonretroviral)

2. Antivirus (retroviral)

3. Anti malaria

4. Antiprotozoa

5. Antelmintik (Antelmintik yang bekerja padatransmisi neuromuskular dan produksi energimetabolik)

6. Antitumor

7. Immuno modulator (inhibisi respon immun)

1 farmakologi dan toksikologi 2 pdf

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