universiti malaysia perlis dnt 233 thermo-fluid [termo...

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SULIT SULIT UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS Peperiksaan Semester Pertama Sidang Akademik 2016/2017 Oktober 2016 DNT 233 Thermo-Fluid [Termo-Bendalir] Masa : 3 jam Please make sure that this question paper has THIRTEEN (13) printed pages, including this front page, before you start the examination. [Sila pastikan bahawa kertas peperiksaan ini mengandungi TIGA BELAS (13) muka surat yang bercetak, termasuk satu muka hadapan, sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini.] This question paper has PART A and PART B. It is COMPULSORY to answer ALL questions from PART A. Answer TWO (2) questions from PART B. The mark distribution for each question is 20 marks. [Kertas soalan ini mengandungi BAHAGIAN A dan BAHAGIAN B. Anda diWAJIBKAN menjawab SEMUA soalan daripada BAHAGIAN A. Jawab DUA (2) soalan daripada BAHAGIAN B. Sumbangan markah bagi tiap-tiap soalan adalah 20 markah.] Note : Some formulas are given in the Appendix. [Nota : Beberapa formula diberikan dalam Lampiran.]

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Page 1: UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS DNT 233 Thermo-Fluid [Termo ...portal.unimap.edu.my/portal/page/portal30/Lecture...Answer TWO (2) questions from PART B. The mark distribution for each question

SULIT

SULIT

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS

Peperiksaan Semester Pertama

Sidang Akademik 2016/2017

Oktober 2016

DNT 233 Thermo-Fluid

[Termo-Bendalir]

Masa : 3 jam

Please make sure that this question paper has THIRTEEN (13) printed pages,

including this front page, before you start the examination. [Sila pastikan bahawa kertas peperiksaan ini mengandungi TIGA BELAS (13) muka surat yang

bercetak, termasuk satu muka hadapan, sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini.]

This question paper has PART A and PART B. It is COMPULSORY to answer

ALL questions from PART A. Answer TWO (2) questions from PART B. The mark

distribution for each question is 20 marks. [Kertas soalan ini mengandungi BAHAGIAN A dan BAHAGIAN B. Anda diWAJIBKAN menjawab

SEMUA soalan daripada BAHAGIAN A. Jawab DUA (2) soalan daripada BAHAGIAN B. Sumbangan

markah bagi tiap-tiap soalan adalah 20 markah.]

Note : Some formulas are given in the Appendix. [Nota : Beberapa formula diberikan dalam Lampiran.]

Page 2: UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS DNT 233 Thermo-Fluid [Termo ...portal.unimap.edu.my/portal/page/portal30/Lecture...Answer TWO (2) questions from PART B. The mark distribution for each question

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PART A

Question 1 [Soalan 1]

(a) Answer the following: [Jawab yang berikut:]

(i) Differentiate between Gauge Pressure & Absolute Pressure. [Bezakan antara Tekanan Tolok & Tekanan Mutlak.]

(2 Marks / Markah)

(ii) State Resultant Hydrostatic Force, FR. [Nyatakan Daya Hidrostatik Paduan, FR.]

(2 Marks / Markah)

(b) Two water tanks are connected to each other through a mercury manometer with

inclined tubes, as shown in Figure 1. If the pressure difference between the two

tanks is 20 kPa, determine a and θ. [Dua tangki air telah dihubungkan diantara satu sama lain melalui sebuah manometer mercury

yang mempunyai tiub condong seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Gambarajah 1. Sekiranya

perbezaan tekanan diantara dua tangki air tersebut ialah 20 kPa, tentukan nilai a dan θ.]

(4 Marks / Markah)

Figure 1

[Gambarajah 1]

...3/-

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(c) The 2 m wide rectangular gate shown in Figure 2 is hinged at A and leans against

the floor at B making an angle of 30° with the horizontal. Water applies a resultant

hydrostatic force on one side of the gate. The gate is to be opened from its lower

edge by applying a normal force at B. [Pintu air bersegiempat dengan 2m lebar ditunjukkan dalam Gambarajah 2 dihubungkan pada A

dan bersandar pada lantai pada B membentuk sudut 30° dengan arah mendatar. Air mengenakan

satu daya paduan hidrostatik pada satu bahagian pintu air tersebut. Pintu air tersebut akan

dibuka dari bucu bawah dengan mengenakan satu daya normal pada B.]

Figure 2 [Gambarajah 2]

(i) Show the free body diagram of forces acting on the gate of Figure 2. [Tunjukkan gambarajah badan bebas daya yang bertindak pada pintu air dalam

Gambarajah 2.]

(2 Marks / Markah)

(ii) Determine the resultant hydrostatic force on the gate due to water for the

water level shown in the figure. [Tentukan daya hidrostatik paduan keatas pintu air disebabkan air bagi paras air yang

ditunjukkan dalam gambarajah]

(4 Marks / Markah)

(iii) Determine the location for center of pressure [Tentukan lokasi pusat tekanan.]

(3 Marks / Markah)

(iv) Calculate the minimum force F required at point B to open the water gate. [Kirakan daya minima F yang diperlukan pada titik B untuk membuka pintu air tersebut.]

(3 Marks / Markah)

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Question 2 [Soalan 2]

(a) (i) Differentiate between closed system and open system. [Berikan perbezaan diantara sistem tertutup dan sistem terbuka.]

(2 Marks / Markah)

(ii) Define the state postulate and the pure substance. [Takrifkan keadaan Postulat dan bahan tulen.]

(2 Marks / Markah)

(b) A piston-cylinder device contains 0.1 m3 of liquid water and 0.9 m

3 of water vapor

in equilibrium at 800 kPa. Heat is transferred at constant pressure until the

temperature reaches 350°C. [Sebuah alatan piston–silinder mengandungi 0.1 m

3 air dan 0.9 m

3 wap air dalam keseimbangan

pada 800 kPa. Haba dipindahkan pada tekanan seragam sehingga suhu mencapai 350°C.]

(i) Determine the initial temperature of the water. [Tentukan suhu awal air tersebut]

(3 Marks / Markah)

(ii) Calculate the total mass of the water. [Kirakan jumlah jisim air tersebut.]

(3 Marks / Markah)

(iii) Calculate the final volume. [Kirakan isipadu akhir.]

(3 Marks / Markah)

(iv) Show the process on a P-v diagram with respect to saturation lines. [Tunjukkan proses tersebut pada sebuah gambarajah P-v dengan mengambilkira

garisan-garisan ketepuan.]

(2 Marks / Markah)

...5/- ·

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(c) A rigid tank contains an ideal gas at pressure 300 kPa and temperature 600 K as

shown in Figure 3. After that half of the gas is withdrawn from the tank and the

gas is found at 100 kPa at the end of the process. [Sebuah tangki tegar yang mengandungi gas ideal pada tekanan 300 kPa and dan suhu 600 K

seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Gambarajah 3. Seterusnya separuh daripada gas tersebut

dikeluarkan dari tangki dan tekanan gas menjadi 100 kPa pada akhir proses tersebut.]

Figure 3

[Gambarajah 3]

(i) Determine the final temperature of the gas [Tentukan suhu akhir gas tersebut.]

(2 Marks / Markah)

(ii) Calculate the final pressure if no mass was withdrawn from the tank and the

same final temperature was reached as (i). [Kirakan tekanan akhir sekiranya tiada jisim gas dikeluarkan dari tangki dan suhu akhir

yang sama dicapai seperti (i).]

(3 Marks / Markah)

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Question 3 [Soalan 3]

(a) Briefly describe the heat transfer by conduction, and convection. [Terangkan secara ringkas pemindahan haba secara pengaliran dan perolakan.]

(2 Marks / Markah)

(b) An electric resistance wire with 50 cm long and 2 mm diameter submerged in

water is used to determine heat transfer coefficient in water at 1 atm

experimentally as in Figure 4. The wire temperature is measured to be 130˚C

when a wattmeter indicates the electric power consumed to be 4.1 kW. Using

Newton’s law of cooling, determine the heat transfer coefficient, h. Take boiling

temperature of water at 1 atm as 100oC.

[Satu wayar rintangan elektrik dengan panjang 50 cm dan diameter 2 mm ditenggelamkan

didalam air yang digunakan untuk menentukan pekali pemindahan haba didalam air pada tekanan

1 atm secara ekperiment seperti dalam Gambarajah 4. Suhu wayar menjadi 130˚C apabila

wattmeter menunjukkan kuasa elektrik yang digunakan 4.1 kW. Dengan menggunakan hukum

penyejukan Newton, tentukan pekali pemindahan haba, h tersebut. Ambilkira suhu didih air pada

1 atm sebagai 100oC.]

(3 Marks / Markah)

Figure 4

[Gambarajah 4]

…7/-

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(c) Consider a 5 m high, 8 m long and 0.22 m thick wall whose representative cross

section is as shown in the Figure 5. The thermal conductivities of various

materials used, in W/m .oC, are kA = kF = 2, kB = 8, kC = 20, kD = 15, and kE = 35.

The left and right surfaces of the wall are maintained at uniform temperature of

300oC and 100

oC, respectively. Assuming heat transfer through the wall to be one-

dimensional. [Petimbangkan sebuah dinding dengan ketinggian 5 m , panjang 8 m dan tebal 0.22 m yang

mewakili keratan rentas adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Gambarajah 5. Keberaliran haba

bagi bahan yang digunakan dalam unit W/m.oC adalah kA = kF = 2, kB = 8, kC = 20, kD = 15, and kE

= 35. Suhu pada permukaan kiri dan kanan dinding tersebut masing-masing dikekalkan pada

300oC dan 100

oC. Anggapkan permindahan haba yang melalui dinding tersebut adalah satu-

dimensi.]

(i) Determine the total thermal resistance, RT through the wall. [Tentukan jumlah keseluruhan rintangan haba, RT melalui dinding tersebut.]

(8 Marks / Markah)

(ii) Calculate the rate of heat transfer through the entire wall [Kirakan kadar pemindahan haba melalui keseluruhan dinding tersebut.]

(4 Marks / Markah)

(iii)Calculate the temperature at the point where the section B, D and E meet. [Kirakan suhu pada titik dimana bahagain B, D dan E bertemu.]

(3 Marks / Markah)

Figure 5 [Gambarajah 5]

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PART B

Question 4 [Soalan 4]

(a) (i) State FOUR (4) limitation of the Bernoulli’s Equation . [Nyatakan EMPAT (4) had Persamaan Bernoulli.]

(2 Marks / Markah)

(ii)Explain TWO (2) classification of fluid flow [Terangkan DUA (2) klasifikasi aliran bendalir.]

(2 Marks / Markah)

(b) Water flows through a horizontal branching pipe as shown in Figure 6. It enters

at section (1) with a rate of 0.28 m3/s and exits through three sections (2), (3) and

(4) respectively as shown in the figure. Other required details are given in the

figure. Take the density of water as 1000 kg/m3 and disregard the viscous effects.

[Air mengalir melalui satu paip bercabang dalam kedudukan melintang seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam

Gambarajah 6. Ianya memasuki pada seksyen (1) dengan kadar 0.28 m3/s dan keluar melalui tiga seksyen

(2), (3) dan (4) seperti ditunjukkan dalam gambarajah. Lain-lain butiran diberikan dalam gambarajah

tersebut. Ambilkira ketumpatan air sebagai 1000 kg/m3dan abaikan kesan-kesan kelikatan.]

Figure 6

[Gambarajah 6]

(i) Calculate the water velocity at section (2). [Kirakan halaju air pada bahagian (2).]

(3 Marks / Markah)

(ii) Calculate the pressure at section (3). [Kirakan tekanan air pada bahagian (3).]

(3 Marks / Markah)

...9/-

A2 = 6 x 10-3

m2

P2 = 34.475 kPa

A3 = 18.6 x 10-3

m2

V3 = 6.1 m/s

A1 = 0.28 m2

P2 = 68.95 kPa

Q1= 0.28 m3/s

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(iii) Calculate the flow rate at section (4). [Kirakan kadar alir pada bahagian (3).]

(2 Marks / Markah)

(c) A pressurized tank of water has an orifice with 10 cm diameter at the bottom, where water

discharges to the atmosphere as shown in Figure 7. The water level is 2.5 m above the

outlet. The tank air pressure above the water level is 300 kPa (absolute) while the

atmosphere pressure is 101 kPa. [Sebuah tangki air bertekanan mempunyai sebuah orifis berdiameter 10 cm pada bahagian

bawah tangki dimana air mengalir keluar ke atmosfera seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam

Gambarajah 7 . Paras air didalam tangki ialah 2.5 m di atas keluaran. Tekanan udara tangki

tersebut di atas permukaan air ialah 300 kpa (mutlak) sementara tekanan atmosfera ialah

101 kPa.

Figure 7

[Gambarajah 7]

(i) Determine the velocity of water at the outlet. [Tentukan halaju air pada keluaran.]

(4 Marks / Markah)

(ii) Calculate the volume flowrate of water at the outlet. [Kirakan kadar alir isipadu minyak pada keluaran .]

(4 Marks / Markah)

2.5 m

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Question 5

[Soalan 5]

(a) (i) State the First Law of Thermodynamics. [Nyatakan Hukum Pertama Termodinamik .]

(2 Marks / Markah)

(ii) State TWO (2) similarities between heat and work. [Nyatakan DUA (2) kesamaan diantara haba dan kerja.]

(2 Marks / Markah)

(b) A cylinder fitted with a piston has a volume of 0.1 m3 and contains 0.5 kg of

steam at 0.4 MPa. Heat is transferred to the steam until the temperature is 300oC,

while the pressure remains constant.

[Satu silinder dilekatkan bersama sebuah piston mempunyai isipadu 0.1 m3 and mengandungi

0.5 kg wap pada 0.4 MPa. Haba dipindahkan kepada wap tersebut sehingga suhu adalah 300oC,

ketika tekanan malar.]

(i) Determine the heat transfer for this process. [Tentukan pemindahan haba bagi proses ini.]

(4 Marks / Markah)

(ii) Determine the work for this process. [Tentukan kerja bagi proses ini.]

(4 Marks / Markah)

(c) A closed system containing 2 kg of air undergoes an isothermal process from

600 kPa to 80 kPa at 200 oC.

[Sebuah sistem tertutup mengandungi 2 kg udara yang melalui satu proses sesuhu dari 600 kPa

kepada 80 kPa pada 200oC.]

(i) Determine the initial volume of this system. [Tentukan isipadu awal sistem ini.]

(3 Marks / Markah)

(ii) Determine the work done during the process. [Tentukan kerja yang dilakukan semasa proses tersebut.]

(3 Marks / Markah)

(iii) Determine the heat transfer during the process. [Tentukan pemindahan haba semasa proses tersebut.]

(2 Marks / Markah)

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Question 6 [Soalan 6]

(a) (i) State the Conservation of Mass Principle for a control volume. [Nyatakan Prinsip Keabadian Jisim bagi sebuah isipadu terkawal.]

(2 Marks / Markah)

(ii) State Intensive Property and Extensive Property. [Nyatakan Sifat Intensif dan Sifat Ekstensif.]

(2 Marks / Markah)

(b) Air at 90 kPa and 127°C enters an adiabatic diffuser steadily at a rate of 6000 kg/h

and leaves at 100 kPa as shown in Figure 9. The velocity of the air stream is

decreased from 230 m/s to 30 m/s as it passes through the diffuser. [Udara memasuki sebuah peresap adiabatik secara seragam pada kadar 6000 kg/jam dan keluar

pada 100 kPa seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Gambarajah 9. Kelajuan aliran udara dikurangkan

dari 230 m/s kepada 30 m/s ketika ianya melalui peresap tersebut.]

Figure 9 [Gambarajah 9]

(i) Determine the exit temperature of the air. [Tentukan suhu keluaran udara tersebut.]

(4 Marks / Markah)

(ii) Calculate the exit area of the diffuser. [Tentukan keluasan kawasan keluaran peresap tersebut.]

(4 Marks / Markah)

…12/-

AIR 1 2

127C

90 kPa

230 m/s

30 m/s

100 kPa

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(c) Steam flows steadily through an adiabatic turbine as shown in Figure 10. The

inlet conditions of the steam are 10 MPa, 450°C, and 80 m/s, and the exit

conditions are 10 kPa, 92 percent quality, and 50 m/s. The mass flow rate of the

steam is 12 kg/s. [Wap air mengalir secara mantap melalui sebuah turbin adiabatik seperti ditunjukkan dalam

Gambarajah 10. Keadaan-keadaan masukan wap air tersebut adalah 10 MPa, 450°C, dan 80 m/s,

dan keadaan-keadaan keluaran adalah 10 kPa, 92 peratus kualiti, dan 50 m/s. Kadar aliran jisim

wap air tersebut adalah 12 kg/s.]

Figure 10 [Gambarajah 10]

(i) Determine the change in kinetic energy of the steam. [Tentukan perubahan tenaga kinetik wap air tersebut .]

(4 Marks / Markah)

(ii) Calculate the power output of the turbine. [Kirakan kuasa keluaran turbin tersebut.]

(4 Marks / Markah)

-oooOooo-

STEAM

m = 12 kg/s ·

P1 = 10 MPa

T1 = 450C

V1 = 80 m/s

P2 = 10 kPa

x2 = 0.92

V2 = 50 m/s

W ·

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APPENDIX

Pc = Po + ρghc

yp = yc + {Ixx,c / [yc + Po/[ρgsinӨ]]A}

Ixx,c = ab3/12 (for rectangle)

2

2

211

2

11

22gz

VPgz

VP

outin EE = E

The energy balance for a general steady-flow system is given by:

e

e

eeoutouti

i

iiiningz

VhmWQgz

VhmWQ

22

2...

.

2...

Fourier’s Law of heat conduction: (Plane wall)

dx

dTkAqx W

dx

dTkqx

W/m

2

Newton’s Law of Cooling: )( TThAq s W for TTs

Change in internal, kinetic,

potential, etc., energies Net energy transfer by

Heat, work, and mass