Teknik Pengimejan Anak Bulan

menggunakan Kamera Digital

di Negara Brunei Darussalam

Hazarry bin Haji Ali Ahmad Persatuan Astronomi Negara Brunei Darussalam hazarry@bruneiastronomy.org www.bruneiastronomy.org

Kandungan

• Profil

• Astrofotografi

• Metodologi (Peralatan & Kaedah)

• Hasil / Dapatan

• Aplikasi

• Imej Hilal

• Penambahbaikan

Profil

Sejarah & Objektif PABD

i. Menggalakkan dan memajukan bidang astronomi

terutamanya astronomi Islam (falak syarie) di Negara

Brunei Darussalam.

ii. Penyalur maklumat tentang isu semasa yang berkaitan

dengan astronomi.

iii. Memberi nasihat dan/atau rundingan dalam bidang

astronomi kepada mana-mana individu dan/atau agensi-

agensi.

iv. Menganjur dan menjalankan aktiviti-aktiviti khususnya

yang berkaitan dalam bidang astronomi dikalangan ahli-

ahli Persatuan PABD; dan lain-lain aktiviti sukan, sosial,

kebudayaan, kesusasteraan dan kebajikan.

v. Menyebarkan ilmu pengetahuan serta maklumat dalam

kepelbagaian aspek astronomi.

Penubuhan: Didaftarkan kepada Registrar of Societies, Polis Diraja Brunei pada January 6, 2003 / 03 Zulkaedah 1423 H

Astrofotografi

Persediaan Awal Astronomi: Mengumpulkan data maklumat penting anak bulan, ramalan cuaca & jangkaan kenampakan

1 2 Instrumen adalah berfungsi untuk sepanjang pencerapan

3 Psikologi

Peralatan Pengimejan Anak Bulan

Teleskop: Saiz lensa teleskop yang sesuai adalah alat optikal dengan kuasa rendah atau sederhana, dengan saiz kanta (apature) utama sekitar 3 - 6 inci dengan jarak fokal sekitar 400mm - 1000mm (short tube). Mount: Goto iOpton

Mini Tower

Kamera: DSLR (Canon EOS) dengan remote cable + skrin

Peralatan Pengimejan Anak Bulan

Kamera DSLR + Remote Cable

T-Ring +

Adapter (EOS)

Telescope (Refractor) Orion 80mm

Light Baffle / Dew Shield

Skrin Kamera

Langkah Merakam Bulan Sabit Muda

Ketika matahari belum terbenam (atau baru saja terbenam) hilal belum dapat dilihat kerana serakan cahaya matahari yang tinggi. Cerapan awal yang dibuat adalah persediaan menunggu 'kemunculan’ seperti berikut:

Fokus: Halakan teleskop ke arah objek samawi (seperti matahari) di langit dan perbetulkan fokus sehingga mencapai tahap fokus terbaik.

Pensejajaran (alignment): Teleskop penjejak automatik (goto telescope), sejajarkan teleskop ke arah Matahari (guna solar filter) atau planet yang terang bagi memastikan peralatan dan setting adalah betul. Ulang beberapa kali bagi memastikan ketepatan penjejakan.

Rakam: Menjelang maghrib, halakan (goto) teleskop ke arah posisi hilal dan mulakan pengambaran sehingga bulan terbenam. Saat penting adalah apabila langit kelihatan sesuai untuk kemunculan anak bulan, seperti awan berkelompok dengan banyak ruang celah-celah awan.

1

2

3

Moon Phase Exposure / ISO

Full Moon 1/250th sec at f/11 at ISO 250

Gibbous Moon 1/125th sec at f/11 at ISO 250

Quarter Moon 1/60th sec at f/11 at ISO 250

Wide Crescent 1/30th sec at f/11 at ISO 250

Thin Crescent 1/15th sec at f/11 at ISO 250

Earthshine 2 sec at f/2.8 at ISO 250

Kredit: Jerry Lodriguss

Exposure / ISO

Kekunci Kenampkan: Y-Ya, N-Negatif, -- Tiada Rekod Sumber: 1) PABD 2) icoproject.org

Tarikh Hijrah Umur Hilal

(Jam:Minit)

Kamera Bantuan

Optikal

Mata

Kasar

Catatan Komen (Laporan)

2012-Jul-19 Ramadan 1433 6:12 N N N Berawan Dr. Mohammed Hussain Ahmad: "The new moon was not sighted in Brunei this afternoon, Thursday 19/7/2012. Therefore the 1st day of Ramadan will start on Saturday, 21 July 2012."

2004-Oct-14 Ramadan 1425 7:17 N N N Hazarry Hj Ali Ahmad: Not seen. "The Syarie Judges and officials of the Syariah Courts as well as officials from the State Judiciary Department, the Ministry of Religios Affairs and Survey Department were at location to sight the moon. The weather condition was cloudy and it was raining in the late afternoon. The crescent was not observed. Ramadan starts on Saturday, 16 October, in Brunei Darussalam and was officially announced to the public on TV and Radio."

2010-Aug-10 Ramadan 1431 7:26 N N N -- Ideal Abi Hakims from Brunei Darussalam reported: I wish to inform you that Ramadhan crescent has not been sighted in Brunei Darussalam on August 10, 2010. Ramadhan will be on August 12, 2010 ( Syaaban 30 days completion ) Not Seen: Lukman Thalib from Brunei Darussalam reported: Brunei annonced just now that their fasting begins on Thursday 12th August as they failed to see the moon.

2016-Jun-05 Ramadan 1437 7:30 N N N --

2017-Jun-24 Syawal 1438 8:03 N N N Berawan Hazarry HAA: "The western horizon was partly cloudy at sunset and the sun was used to align all telescopes. Members of The Astronomical Society of Brunei Darussalam were at the official site, Tanjung Batu of Muara Beach, for new moon sighting (aged 8 hour and 4 minutes with only 14 minutes). The New moon of Syawal was NOT sighted on June 24, 2017. Therefore, with the consent of His Majesty Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu’izzaddin Waddaulah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar ‘Ali Saifuddien Sa’adul Khairi Waddien, Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, the Syariah High Court Judge made the announcement on the state broadcaster Radio Television Brunei (RTB) that the country will begin Hari Raya Aidil Fitri on Monday, 26 June 2017."

2005-Nov-02 Syawal 1426 8:36 N N N -- Mahadi Tahir: "The crescent was not reported seen anywhere in the country. The 1st Shawal was officially announced to be on Friday."

2004-Aug-16 Rejab 1425 9:08 N N N Berjerebu Hazarry HAA: Not seen. "The weather condition was very hazy in Brunei. Jupiter was visibled a few minutes after sunset. The new moon observation was done by the personnel of survey department and members of the astronomical society of Brunei."

2015-Jul-16 Syawal 1436 9:12 N N N Berawan Hazarry HAA: "With the consent of His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, President of the Brunei Islamic Religious Council (MUIB) the moon sighting was be carried out simultaneously at several locations (DST tower, Agok Hill & Lumut hill) across the country failed to sight the new crescent. The official announcement was reported by state broadcaster Radio Televisyen Brunei (RTB)that Brunei will observe the Eid Fitri on Saturday, July 18. "

2006-Feb-28 Safar 1427 10:02 N N N -- Mahadi MT: "No crescent was reported seen on any of the observation sites in Brunei."

2004-Mar-21 Safar 1425 11:49 N N N Berjerebu Hazarry HAA: Hazy and clouds near horizon

2014-Jul-27 Syawal 1435 11:54 N N N Berawan Hazarry HAA: "This evening, Ramadhan 29 corresponding to July 27, hilal of Syawal was failed to sight in the Sultanate failed in attempts during rukyah of the first of Syawal 1435 Hijrah. Sighting of the new moon of Syawal 1435 was held at several vantage points in the Brunei-Muara, Belait and Tutong Districts. Designated areas include DST Tower, DST Headquarters Building, Tungku Highway; Bukit Agok, Jerudong; Bukit Lumut in Belait District; and Bukit Ambok, Tutong District. The group assigned to sight the new moon of Syawal comprises of Syari'e judges and officers from the Syariah Courts, State Judiciary Department, the Prime Minister's Office as well as officers from the Ministry of Religious Affairs, the Survey Department, Ministry of Development and the State Mufti Department. The result of the sighting was officially announced on the same evening over Radio and Television Brunei. "

2005-Feb-09 Muharram 1426 12:04 N N N -- Mr Hazarry HAA: The western horizon was cloudy at the time of observation. No cresent was observed.

2013-Aug-07 Syawal 1434 12:43 N N N Berawan Hazarry HAA: "Muslims in Brunei will begin the celebration of -Al-Fitri on Friday, as the Syawal moon was not sighted at all the four assigned places in the Sultanate this evening. Therefore, the first day of Syawal will be on August 09. Bukit Shahbandar in Jerudong, Bukit Ambok and Padang Tembak Bukit Agok in Tutong and Bukit Lumut in Belait were the areas designated for the rukyah. The Brunei Darussalam Syariah Court by consent of His Majesty Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar 'ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khari Waddien, the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, Yang Berhormat Yang Di-Pertua of the Islamic Religious Council informs the public announced this official result of moon sighting through Radio, Television and the media."

2004-Jan-22 Zulhijjah 1424 13:22 N N N Berawan

2004-Jun-18 Jamadilawal 1425 14:05 N N N Berawan Hazarry HAA: Not seen. The new moon watching was attended by the Survey Department as well as members of the Astronomical Society of Brunei Darussalam by binoculars and telescope, but it was not seen, the western Horizon was partly cloudy with haze.

2008-Aug-31 Ramadan 1429 14:27 N N N -- Hazarry Hj Ali Ahmad: "At dusk on 31 August 2008, several religious officials converged at a few vantage points to sight the newmoon of Ramadhan and later confirmed that it was not sighted. It took place simultaneously at several strategic locations in the country including Bukit Shahbandar in Jerudong, BukitAgok Firing Range and Bukit Ambok in the Tutong District and Bukit Lumut in the Belait District. By consent of His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam it has been announced that Brunei will begin fasting for the month of Ramadhan from Tuesday."

2017-May-26 Ramadan 1438 14:43 Y Y N Berawan Hazarry HAA: "The official first day of Ramadan falls tomorrow (27th May 2017) in Brunei as the moon crescent was sighted by the officials (of the new moon sighting committee) in this country. The members of Brunei Darussalam Astronomical Society organized the crescent sighting at Bukit Agok in Tutong. It was attended by 30 members including the public. In the afternoon, the weather was cloudy on the western horizon at sun set but Jupiter was clearly seen at around zenith. Only at after 25 minutes after sunset that the ultra thin crescent (of 15 hour old) was firstly visible through CCD (Digital Camera) then sighted through 120mm refractor. It was not seen by the naked eyes.

2015-Apr-19 Rejab 1436 15:29 Y Y N Berawan Mr Hazarry HAA: After sunset, at 1827, the scope was pointed to the Moon revealing its location which was behind thick clouds. However, there was some opening in clouds about 1 to 3 degrees just nearly above the horizon, At 1852 or 25 minutes after local sunset, the scope was pointing to the cloudless area, very low  in the west horizon.  At that instance, the super-thin young lunar crescent of Rejab 1436H was firstly appeared through the telescope. Even so, with optical aid,  the Hilal (crescent) was hardly seen to the eyes as it was washed out by the twilight. Not until 4 minutes after that, the crescent was visible to the naked eyes through the viewfinder.

2009-Sep-19 Syawal 1430 15:33 N N N Berawan Hazarry HAA that the weather in that afternoon was very cloudy and that Brunei Darussalam will celebrate Eid on the 21st September after the new moon crescent was not sighted

2005-Sep-04 Syaaban 1426 15:39 N N N Berawan Mahadi MT: "Tried to sight 15+ hour old crescent but due to the thick cloud in our western horizon, no crescent was seen."

2011-Jul-31 Ramadan 1432 15:56 N N N Berawan Hazarry HAA: "Some members of the Astronomical Society of Brunei Darussalam were at Agok Hill but failed to see the 15.6 hour old new moon crescent. The lag time after sunset was about 24 minutes before the moon set. We had some cloudless views in the sky at the position of the moon through the scope, but the cresent was not visible. Ramadhan in this country commences on Tuesday, 2 Aug 2011 and the result of the sighting was officially announced on Radio and Television Brunei."

2012-Aug-18 Syawal 1433 18:36 N N N -- Dr. Mohammed Hussain Ahmad (MCW member) from Brunei Darussalam reported: The new crescent was not sighted in Brunei this evening, Saturday, 18 August 2012. Therefore, tomorrow, Sunday, 19 August 2012 will be the completion of 30 Ramadhan 1433. 1st Shawwal 1433 will begin on Monday, 20 August 2012.

2004-Nov-13 Syawal 1425 19:34 Y Y Y Berawan Hazarry HAA: "4 members of the Astronomical Society sighted the 19 hour 42 minutes lunar cresent through 15x100 binocular today (29 Ramadhan). It was very thin and hardly visible to the naked eyes. Festival of Aidifitri commence tommorow and it was also confimed by Syariah Judge after the announcement made through TV and Radio. As reported bt the Survey Department the moon was also sighted from various vintage loctaion to view the moon in this country."

2006-Jan-30 Muharram 1427 20:15 N N N Berawan / Hujan Hazarry HAA: "New Moon watching was conducted by the Survey Department of Brunei Darussalam at two location, Shahbandar Hill and Agok Hill. The western sky was cloudy and as the sunset, it began to rain. The New moon was not sighted."

2004-Apr-20 Rabiulawal 1425 21:04 N N N Berjerebu Hazarry HAA: Not seen. (Haze) "Venus was clearly visible."

2007-Jul-15 Rejab 1428 22:33 Y Y Y -- Mahadi MT: "Please find below photo of Rejab crescent. The crescent was captured on 15 July @ 6.50 pm (Bukit Shahbandar) with Olympus E-500 Digital camera attached to 10 inch LX-200 with focal reducer."

2004-Jul-18 Jamadilakhir 1425 23:13 N N N Berawan Hazarry HAA: Not seen. (Cloudy). "Present at the new moon sighting site were personel from the Survey Department and the members of the Astronomical Society of Brunei."

2016-Jul-05 Syawal 1437 23:35 Y Y N Berawan Hazarry HAA: "The new moon crescent was seen at 6.50 local time (15 minutes after sunset) in between cloud breaks through telescopes. Visual naked eyes observation was tried but failed to sight due to sky conditions with clouds especially near the horizon. Observation was conducted by the members of the astronomical society of Brunei Darussalam. "

2010-Sep-09 Syawal 1431 23:52 - Y Y -- Dr Mohammed Hussain Ahmad, Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University (UNISSA) from Brunei Darussalam reported: Pleased to confirm that the hilal (new moon) of shawwal 1431 has been sighted in Brunei Darussalam on Sep 9, hence Eid al-Fitr will be tomorrow 10 September 2010.

2009-Aug-21 Ramadan 1430 1 Hari 00:28 N N N Berawan Hazarry HAA: "The fasting month of Ramadhan for Muslims in Brunei will begin 22 August 2009 (Saturday) after Syarie Judges, officials of the Syariah Court and from the State Judiciary Department of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and the Survey Department of the Ministry of Development failed to sight the crescent moon. Attempts to sight the 'hilal' or the crescent new moon were made at several vantage locations across the country at Jerudong's Bukit Shahbandar, Bukit Agok Firing Range and Bukit Ambok in the Tutong District, and Bukit Lumut in the Belait District

2003-Dec-24 Zulkaedah 1424 1 Hari 00:31 N N N Berawan

2004-May-20 Rabiulakhir 1425 1 Hari 00:55 Y Y Y Berawan Hazarry HAA: Seen. " Venus can be seen very clearly. Followed by Saturn. The new moon was firstly sighted through the Telescope about 6 minutes after sunset. It was very thin that it was not visible to the naked eyes not until the sky was a little dark. The new moon was sighted by officials from Astronomy Unit of Survey Department and members of the Astronomical Society of Brunei Darussalam."

2008-Sep-30 Syawal 1429 1 Hari 01:59 N N N -- Mr.Hazarry HAA: "A number of officials from the Ministry of Religious Affairs, Department of State Mufti from the Prime Minister’s Office and Department of Survey from the Ministry of Development converged on September 30 (29th Ramadan) at a few vantage points to sight the new moon of Syawal. These took place at several locations namely Bukit Shahbandar in Jerudong, Bukit Agok Firing Range and Bukit Ambok in the Tutong district, and Bukit Lumut in the Belait district. It was confirmed that the new moon was not sighted and Aidilftri will commence on the 02 October 2008, Thursday."

2011-Aug-30 Syawal 1432 1 Hari 07:23 Y Y Y Berawan Hazarry HAA: "The astronomical society of Brunei Darussalam carried out the moon crescent observation at Agok Hill. The weather was couldy and the moon crescent was observed only for a few minutes at 18:55 local time, about 25 minutes after local sunset. Assigned at vantage points throughout the country could sight the new moon of Syawal 1432. The official announcement of the sighting was also made on Tv and Radio."

2014-Jun-27 Ramadan 1435 Sebelum Ijtimak N N N Berawan

2013-Jul-08 Ramadan 1434 Sebelum Ijtimak N N N --

2007-Oct-11 Syawal 1428 Sebelum Ijtimak N N N -- Hazarry Hj Ali Ahmad: "Syarie Judges and officials of the Syariah Court, officials from the State Judiciary Department, Ministry of Religious Affairs and the Survey Department, Ministry of Development made attempts to sight the 'hilal' or new crescent moon at several vantage locations at Bukit Shahbandar in Jerudong, Bukit Agok Firing Range and Bukit Ambok in the Tutong District and Bukit Lumut in the Belait district. The officials were unable to sight the new moon on the horizon. Aidilfitri celebration in this country will commence on Saturday, 13 October as an official announcement was made through radios and Television."

2006-Oct-22 Syawal 1427 Sebelum Ijtimak N N N -- Hazarry HAA: "Eventhough based on the astronomical calculation, the new moon set a minute earlier at sunset, but the sighting was being conducted as fulfillment the Islamic law. Syarie judges and officials from the Syariah Court, the Prime Minister's Office and several officers from the Ministry of Religious Affairs, with the cooperation of their counterparts from the Survey Department, Ministry of Development, were at several vantage points namely, Bukit Shahbandar, Jerudong, Brunei-Muara District; Bukit Ambok & Bukit Agok Shooting Range, Tutong District; and Bukit Lumut in Belait District failed to sight the new moon of Syawal. The announcement on the beginning of Hari Raya, the first day of Syawal, was official announced on 24 October."

2005-Oct-03 Ramadan 1426 Sebelum Ijtimak N N N -- Mahadi Tahir: "Survey Department together with Judges from Syariah Court and others went to sighting site as formality only and it was confirmed that the crescent was not seen on evening of 3rd October 2005."

KENAMPAKAN ANAK BULAN

Rekod Cerapan Anak Bulan (2003 – 2017) di NBD [susunan umur anak bulan]

Aplikasi

Hasil cerapan (jika nampak) terbahagi kepada tiga peringkat; (i) kenampakan dengan bantuan alat optikal, (ii) dengan mata kasar dan (iii) dengan pengimejan.

Urutan kenampakan pada lazimnya bagi bantuan optikal dan imej kamera tiada beza. Namun kenampakan anak bulan menggunakan mata kasar amat sukar.

2004/05/20 (Rabiulakhir 1425): Umur Hilal 1 hari 00 jam 55 minit.

2011/08/22 (Syawal 1432): Umur Hilal 1 hari 7 jam 23 minit.

2016/07/05 (Syawal 1437): Umur Hilal 23 jam 35 minit. [1/60 sec, ISO400]

2015/04/19 (Rejab 1438H): Umur Hilal 15 jam 29 minit. [1/15 sec, ISO1600]

2017/05/26 (Ramadan 1438H): Umur Hilal 14 jam 43 minit. [1/13 sec, ISO200] Rekod Anak Bulan Termuda di NBD

Peranan baffle: Menghalang cahaya terang dari matahari memasuki teleskop

Rujukan: Developing Telescope Baffle For Increasing Contrast Of The Very Young Lunar Crescent Visibility. Dhani Herdiwijaya, Mitra Djamal, Hendra Gunawan, Last Rio N Wijaya. Bandung Institute of Technology.

Cadangan Penambahbaikan