Seminar OrthodonticsQuestion 2

Group 4:Marshitah Ab Wahid 1090040Mohd Azizul Mohd Atan 1090042Nur Amalina Zulkepre 1090044Nurmarzura Abdul Latif 1090045Nurul Asmat Abdul Rahman 1090048Syafiqah Nadhirah Iskandar 1090049Ahmad Fais Hj Mohd Abd Rasid 1090312

METHODS OF RECORDING MALOCCLUSION

-QUALITATIVE, QUANTITATIVE-INTRA-ARCH, INTER-ARCH PROBLEM

INCLUDING CLASSIFICATION OF MALOCCLUSION

Introduction

• The methods of recording and measuring malocclusion can be broadly divided into two types: qualitative and quantitative.

• Qualitative evaluation of malocclusion was attempted before quantitative methods.

• Definition (Qualitative): It is a descriptive classification and it does not provide

any information of the treatment need and outcome.

Qualitative

1. Angle’s method (1899) of classifying malocclusion with or without modifications

2. Stallard (1932)3. Mc Call (1944)4. Sclare (1945)5. Fisk (1960)6. Bjork, Krebs ans Solow (1964)7. Proffit and Ackerman (1973)8. WHO/FDI (1979)

Summary of qualitative methods of recording malocclusion

Qualitative methods Overview

1. Angle’s classification (1899)

Classification of molar relationship devised as a prescription for treatment

2. Stallard (1932) The general dental status, including some malocclusion symptoms was recorded. No definition of the various symptoms was specified.

3. Mc Call (1944) Malocclusion symptoms recorded include molar relationship, posterior crossbite, anterior crowding, rotated incisors, excessive overbite, open bite, labial or lingual version, tooth displacement, constriction of arches.No definition of these symptoms was specified.Symptoms were recorded in ‘all or none manner’

Qualitative methods Overview

4. Sclare (1945) Specific malocclusion symptoms were recorded including

•Angle’s classification of molar relationship, •arch constriction with or without incisor crowding,•superior protrusion with or without incisor crowding,•labial prominence of canines, •lingually placed incisors, •rotated incisors, •crossbite, •open bite and •closed bite.Symptoms were recorded in ‘all or none manner'

5. Fisk (1960) Dental age was used for grouping patients.Three planes of space was considered:

1.Anteropostero relationship: Angle’s classification, anterior crossbite, overjet (mm), negative overjet (mm).2.Transverse relationship: Posterior crossbite (maxillaty teeth biting buccally or lingually)3.Vertical relationship: Open bite (mm), overbite (mm)

Qualitative methods Overview

6. Bjork, Krebs and Solow (1964)

Objective registration of malocclusion symptoms based on detailed definitions. Data obtained could be analyzed by computers.Three parts:1.Anomalies in the dentition: Tooth anomalies, abnormal eruption, malalignment of individual teeth.2.Occlusal anomalies: Deviation in the positional relationship between the upper and lower dental arches in sagittal, vertical and transverse plane.3.Deviations in space conditions: Spacing or crowding

7. Proffit and Ackerman (1973)

Five steps procedure of assesing malocclusion (no definite criteria for assessment was given):1.Alignment: Ideal, crowding, spacing, mutilated2.Profile: Mandibular prominence, mandibular recession, lip profile relative to nose and chin (convex, straight, concave)3.Crossbite: Relationship of the dental arches in the sagittal plane.4.Angle’s classification: Relationship of the dental arches in the sagittal plane.5.Bite depth: relationship of the dental arches in the vertical plane as indicated by the presence and absence of anterior open bite, anterior deep bite, posterior open bite and posterior collapsed bite.

Qualitative methods Overview

8. WHO/FDI (1979) Five major groups of items were recorded (with well-defined recording criteria) as follows:1.Gross anomalies2.Dentition: Absent teeth, supernumerary teeth, malformed incisors, ectopic eruption.3.Spaced condition: Diastema, crowding, spacing4.Occlusion a. Incisor segment: Maxillary overjet, mandibular overjet, crossbite, overbite, open bite, midline shift. b. Lateral segment: Anteropostero relations, open bite, posterior crossbite.5. Orthodontic treatment need judged subjectively: Not necessary, doubtful, necessary.

Malocclusion: Classification based on intra-arch problem

Intra-arch problems: malpositions of individual or group of teeth in the same arch

i. Sagittal problemsLabioversion Linguoversion Mesioversion Distoversion

ii. Transverse problems Crowding Spacing Linguoversion Buccoversion

iii. Vertical problems Supraversion Infraversion

iv. Rotated teeth v. Transposition of teeth

Intra-arch problems• Labioversion :A tooth that has assumed a

position labial to normal

• Lingoversion: Position lingual to normal

• Palatoversion: Position palatal to normal

• Buccoversion: Position buccal to normal

• Supraversion : Over-erupted beyond the level of occlusion

• Infraversion: Depressed below the line of occlusion, for example, primary tooth that is submerged or ankylosed

• Torsiversion: rotated on its long axis

Classification of crowding

•Mild = <4mm•Moderate = 4-8mm•Severe = > or equal to 8mm

Reference

• Hassan R, Rahimah AK,2007; Review Article; Occlusion, malocclusion and method of measurements-an overview.

• Anirudh Agarwal, Rinku Mathur, 2012, An Overview of Orthodontic Indices