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SCIENCE FORM 4 MODULE 2PPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMI

HEREDITY AND VARIATION

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MALAYSIA

MODULE 2: HEREDITY AND VARIATIONArahan: 1. Modul ini mengandungi tiga puluh lapan soalan. Semua soalan adalah dalam bahasa Inggeris. 2. Modul merangkumi enam konstruk yang diuji K1 - Memahami soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris K3 - Memahami istilah sains dalam bahasa Inggeris K5 - Menguasai konstruk pengetahuan K6 - Menguasai konstruk kefahaman K7 - Menguasai konstruk kemahiran K10 - Memahami pengajaran dan pembelajaran dalam bahasa Inggeris 3. Murid hendaklah menulis maklumat diri dalam kertas jawapan objektif disediakan. Murid juga perlu memastikan maklumat konstruk, nombor soalan dan jumlah soalan seperti yang dibaca oleh guru di dalam ruangan disediakan dalam kertas jawapan objektif sebelum ujian. 4. Bagi soalan objektif, anda perlu menandakan jawapan dengan menghitamkan pilihan jawapan pada pilihan jawapan A , B , C atau D pada kertas jawapan objektif. Contoh: Antara berikut, yang manakah haiwan? A. PokokA B

B.

KambingC

C.D

KeretaE

D.

Pen

5. Untuk soalan subjektif, jawapan hendaklah ditulis pada kertas berasingan yang disediakan oleh guru. 6. Bagi soalan 35 hingga 38, murid hendaklah mendengar arahan daripada guru. 7. Jawab semua soalan. Modul ini mengandungi 21 halaman bercetak

2

1

Mitosis is a process of cell division that occurs in all cells except in sex cells. The cell is called somatic cells. What type of cells carry out mitosis? A B C D Sex cells Sperm cell Somatic cells Gamete cells

2

In meiosis, each parent cell divides into four daughter cells. The number of chromosomes in each daughter cell is only half the parent cell. How many daughter cells are produced? A B C D 2 3 4 8

3

The daughter cells from mitosis are genetically identical to each other as to the parent cell. The daughter cells from meiosis are not genetically identical to each other or to parent cell. In which cell division, the daughter cells are genetically identical to each other? A B C D Mitosis Meiosis Mutation Variation

3

4

Phenotype is the characteristic that can be observed or determined. For example, the trait for hair type has two types of phenotype that is curly hair and straight hair. What are the two types of phenotype state above? I Curly hair II Blonde hair III Straight hair A B C D I and II only II and III only I and III only I, II and III

5

There are two types of sex chromosomes, that is the X chromosome and the Y chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes while males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. What are the sex chromosomes found in male? A B C D X Y X and Y X and X

6

A spontaneous random change in the genetic material of a cell is known as A B C D mitosis meiosis mutation variation

4

7

Figure shows different type of thumb prints.

The difference is due to A B C D 8 mutation variation identical inheritance

Fine thread-like structures that carry genetic information is called A B C D DNA genes chromatids chromosomes

9

This process ensures that each daughter cell will receive exactly the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell. This process is called A B C D mitosis meiosis mutation variation

5

10

The characteristic that can be inherited such as skin colour, type of hair and blood group is known as A B C D variation mutation genotype phenotype

11

Which of the following genetic disease is caused by gene mutation? I II III IV A B C D Albinism Hemophilia Downs syndrome Turners syndrome I and II only I and IV only II and III only III and IV only

12

How many daughter cells are produced during mitosis? A B C D One Two Four Eight

6

13

Which of the following are reproductive cells? I ovum cell II sperm cell III red blood cell A B C D I and II only I and III only II and III only I, II and III

14

Which of the following is not the cause by mutation? A B C D Klinefelters Syndrome Colour blindness Thalassaemia Diabetes

15

What are the advantages of mutations? I Highly resistant to diseases II Can cause several kinds of inherited diseases III More adaptable to the environmental changes A B C D I and II only I and III only II and III only I, II and III

7

16

Figure shows the exchange of genetic materials between chromatids during

A B C D

mitosis meiosis variation mutation

17

Two factors that cause variation are A B C D genetic and environment health and environment wealth and genetic nutrition and health

18

What is the purpose of the mitosis? A B C D Formation of male and female gametes for reproduction Addition of cells for growth and for replacement of injured or dead cells The number of chromosomes produce are half the number of chromosomes of parent cells The number of chromosomes produce are double the number of chromosomes of parent cells

8

19

Which of these pictures shows the recessive traits? B

A

D C

20

Which of the following is a continuous variation? A B C D Straight hair Blood group Lobed ear Height

21

Choose animals or plants which have the best characteristics Choose the best offspring and breed them with each other

The statements above state the part of the process of A B C D cloning regeneration tissue cultured selective breeding

9

22

Table shows some of human traits. Traits Dimple Iris colour Use of hand Lips X and Y represent X A B C D Recessive Dominant Dominant Recessive Y Dominant Dominant Recessive Recessive X Present Black iris Right-handed Thick Y Absent Blue iris Left-handed Thin

10

23

What are the characteristic can be observed in the twin produced?

One ovum

One spermfertilisation

One zygote is formeddivision

zygote divides into twogrowth

I II III A B C D

Same gender Different gender Same genetic I and II only II and III only I and III only I, II, and III

11

24

Colour-blind fatherXbY x

Normal motherXB XB

Parent GameteXb

Y

XB

XB

Offspring

XB Xb P

XB Xb Q

XBY R

XBY S

B dominant gene b recessive gene

Which of the offspring is a carrier for colour-blind? A B C D P and R P and Q R and S Q and S

12

25

Figure shows the determination of sex. What are represented by P, Q, R and S?Father Parents XY x Mother XX

Gametes

X

P

X

Q

Genotype

R

XX

XY

S

P A B C D 26 Y X X Y

Q X X Y Y

R XX XY XX XY

S XY XX XY XY

Which of the following is correct regarding the differences between mitosis and meiosis? Mitosis Produces two daughter cells Crossing-over may occur Causes variation Occurs in gametic cells Meiosis Produces four daughter cells No crossing-over No variation Occurs in somatic cells

A B C D

13

27

Which of the following is correct regarding the differences between identical twins and non-identical twins ? Identical Twins Different traits One sperm will fertilize one ovum Both babies are of the same or different gender Different genetic content Non-identical Twins Similar or identical traits Two sperms will fertilize two ova Both babies are of the same gender Similar genetic content

A B C D 27

Which of the following is correct about advantages and disadvantages of mutations? Advantages More adaptable to the environmental changes Can produce offspring with better characteristics Highly resistant to diseases Can cause several kinds of inherited diseases Disadvantages Highly resistant to diseases Can cause several kinds of inherited diseases Can produce offspring with better characteristics More adaptable to the environmental changes

A B C D

14

28

Figure shows a schematic diagram of a cross breeding. What types of offspring are represented by R?Tt X tt

R

A B C D

TT : TT : tt : tt Tt : Tt : Tt : Tt TT : Tt : Tt : tt TT : Tt : tt : tt

15

29

The graph below shows the distribution of a characteristic, X.

Number of students

X

Name the type of variation shown by the graph. A B C D A Mutation B Depletion C Continuous D Discontinuous

16

30

Figures show the stages in mitosis. Rearrange the stage in the correct order.

P

Q

R

S

T

U

A B C D

Q, U, P, T, R, S P, S, U, R, Q, T S, R, T, P, U, Q T, Q, R, U, S, P

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32

Blue iris is controlled by a recessive gene. If a father has blue iris and a mother is of a pure breed for black iris, what are the chances of their children having black iris ? A B C D 0% 25 % 50 % 100 %

33

Rearrange the process of selective breeding below in the correct order. P Q R S A B C DChoose the best offspring and breed them with each other

Choose animals or plants which have the best characteristics

Continue breeding over and over again to improve the characteristics

Breed them with each other

Q, S, P, R P, R, Q, S C R, P, S, Q D Q, S, P, R

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34

Figure shows the development of non-identical twins. Choose the correct statement for X, Y and Z.

A B C D

X Two sperms fertilize two ovums Two zygotes will be produced Two sperms fertilize two ovums Two zygotes will be produced

Y Two foetuses have separate placentas Two sperms fertilize two ovums Two zygotes will be produced Two foetuses have separate placentas

Z Two zygotes will be produced Two foetuses have separate placentas Two foetuses have separate placentas Two sperms fertilize two ovums

19

Question 35 to 38 Listen to the teacher and follow the instructions given. Then, answer the question. 35

What is NOT the importance of selective breeding in plants ? A B C D Shorter growth period Produce resistant to diseases Make useful drugs in animals milk Better quality produce

36

What is continuous variation mean? A B C D Differences in characteristics shown by organism belonging to the same natural population or species Certain characteristics that show a complete gradiation from extreme to another without any break Certain characteristics within a population which exhibit a limited form of variation Certain characteristics that show a complete gradiation

20

37

This statement refers to A B C D chromosome mutation gene mutations variations mutation

38

What is the important of mitosis? A B C D Produces gametes Formation of new species Help to resistance of pathogens Help us replace dead or damaged cells

21

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

KERTAS JAWAPAN OBJEKTIF Ujian DiagnostikNama Pelajar: Tahun/ Tingkatan : Nama Sekolah: 4 Mata Pelajaran: Modul: SAINS 2

GUNAKAN PENSIL 2B ATAU BB SAHAJA. TENTUKAN TIAP-TIAP TANDA ITU HITAM DAN MEMENUHI KESELURUHAN RUANG. SILA HITAMKAN JAWAPAN DI BAWAH MENGIKUT HURUF JAWAPAN YANG ANDA PILIH1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15A A A A A B B B B B C C C C C D D D D D E E E E EPADAMKAN HINGGA HABIS MANA-MANA TANDA YANG ANDA UBAH

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

A A A A A

B B B B B

C C C C C

D D D D D

E E E E E

46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Jumlah Soalan

A A A A A

B B B B B

C C C C C

D D D D D

E E E E E

A A A A A

B B B B B

C C C C C

D D D D D

E E E E E

A A A A A

B B B B B

C C C C C

D D D D D

E E E E E

A A A A A

B B B B B

C C C C C

D D D D D

E E E E E

A A A A A

B B B B B

C C C C C

D D D D D

E E E E E

A A A A A

B B B B B

C C C C C

D D D D D

E E E E E

A A A A A

B B B B B

C C C C C

D D D D D

E E E E E

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

A A A A A

B B B B B

C C C C C

D D D D D

E E E E E

Konstruk

No. Soalan

Bilangan Soalan Gagal Dijawab

Kegunaan Guru

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

K1 K3 K5 K6 K7

1-5 6-10 11-20 21-25 26-34

5 5 10 5 9

A A A A A

B B B B B

C C C C C

D D D D D

E E E E E

A A A A A

B B B B B

C C C C C

D D D D D

E E E E E

K10

35-38

4