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GNATNET ATTAH DAMMAHOM NASAGAG

FITKA SABEB IREGEN RAUL KITILOP

HALAKAM

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnU nakujaiD jraS raleG helorepmeM nakididneP ana

harajeS nakididneP idutS margorP

: helO

ANAVRE ADNIL

530 4131 60

JES NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGORP HARA LAISOS NAUHATEGNEP UMLI NAKIDIDNEP NASURUJ

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY 102 3

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i



HALAKAM

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnU nakujaiD jraS raleG helorepmeM nakididneP ana

harajeS nakididneP idutS margorP

: helO

ANAVRE ADNIL

530 4131 60

JES NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGORP HARA LAISOS NAUHATEGNEP UMLI NAKIDIDNEP NASURUJ

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY 102 3


ii


iii


vi

NAHABMESREP

mesrepuk ini halakaM :adapek nakhab gnudnilem asaitnanes gnay airaM adnuB nad sutsirK suseY nahuT i nad

tamhar nakharucnem - ukadapek ayN

ailimE ,gnetaK sunitsugA" ukautgnaro audeK nad tagnames irebmem ulales gnayuknakaodnem ”

jagnem kutnu nasob hanrep kadit gnay kididneP araP ukgnibmibmem nad ukira

ini amales

lla uoy sknahT


v

OTTOM

,uka ijugnem ai ayniadnaes ,ukpudih nalaj uhat ai aneraK .same itrepes lubmit naka uka

)01:32 buyA(

ocnem kutnu halada atik saguT .lisahreb kutnu halnakub atik saguT id anerak ,ab natapmesek nugnabmem rajaleb nad nakumenem atik haluti abocnem malad

)hugeT oiraM( lisahreb kutnu


iv

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

ini silut ayas gnay halakam awhab aynhuggnuses nagned nakataynem ayaS

aumem kadit ak naigab uata ayrak t et gnay ilaucek ,nial gnaro ayr l naktubesid ha

.haimli ayrak aynkayal anamiagabes ,akatsup ratfad nad napituk malad

atrakaygoY 3102 sutsugA 82 ,

siluneP

anavrE adniL

530413160 :MIN


iiv

TESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL NAUJU

SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP

: amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY

amaN : anavrE adniL

awsisahaM romoN : 530 4131 60

atsupreP adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nauhategnep umli nagnabmegnep imeD naak

: ludujreb gnay ayas haimli ayrak amrahD atanaS satisrevinU



adapek nakirebmem ayas naikimed nagneD .nakulrepid gnay takgnarep atreseB

nem kutnu kah amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsupreP nakhilagnem ,napmiy

,atad nalakgnap kutneb malad aynalolegnem ,nial aidem kutneb malad

aidem uata tenretnI id aynnakisakiibupmem nad satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem

nupuam ayas irad niji atnimem ulrep apnat simedaka nagnitnepek kutnu nial

layor nakirebmem iagabes ayas aman nakmutnacnem patet amales ayas adapek it

.silunep

.aynranebes nagned taub ayas gnay ini naataynrep naikimeD

atrakaygoY id taubiD

: laggnaT adaP 2 sutsugA 8 3102

530 4131 60 :MIN


iiiv

KARTSBA MAHOM NASAGAG GNATNET ATTAH DAM


anavrE adniL amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

102 3

r naujutreb ini halakaM )1( :nakispirksednen L narikimep gnakaleb ratagen raul kitilop gnatnet attaH dammahoM fitka sabeb ire , )2( K raul kitilop pesno

sabeb iregen turunem fitka attaH dammahoM , )3( I iregen raul kitilop isatnemelpm.attaH dammahoM turunem fitka sabeb

edotem nakanuggnem ini halakam nasiluneP hakgnal nagned harajes -hakgnal isaterpretni ,)rebmus kitirk( isakifirev ,)rebmus nalupmugnep( kitsirueh

anep( f ris tsih ,)na o oir .ifarg P ilop ,laisos halada nakanugid gnay natakedne nad kit.imonoke C aynnasilunep ara tafisreb .sitilana fitpirksed

:awhab naksalejnem nasilunep lisaH )1( narikimep gnakaleb rataLb ialum ,fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop gnatnet attaH dammahoM gnabmekre

ta hamarec nakadagnem gnires ai akitek naumetrep ua - kitilop naumetrep , )2( otadip adap attaH gnuB nakaratuid hanrep gnay itrepes iregen raul kitilop pesnoK nadaB napadah id aisenodnI kilbupeR )MP( iretneM anadreP iagabes aynamatrep

etimoK ajrekeP PB( tasuP aisenodnI lanoisaN - 8491 rebmetpeS 2 laggnat )PINK kadit ,iridnes nalaj nakutnenem aynitra sabeB :awhab nakataynem gnay naiamadrep ujunem aynitra fitka nakgnades nupanam kahip helo huragnepret

b nad ainud asgnab alages nagned tabahasre , )3( nemelpmI iregen raul kitilop isat gnay aisenodnI naakedremek lawa edoirep ,attaH dammahoM turunem fitka sabeb naakedremek nakrimalkorpmem attaH dammahoM nad onrakeoS kajes ialumid halet gnay ,5491 sutsugA 71 adap hajajnep nagnat irad aisenodnI asgnab

asgnab awabmem anam id urab gnay are utaus ujunem ini imser aisenodnIn haubes idajnem ajas utnet urab gnay aragen haubes iagabeS .akedrem arage

aisenodnI aragen awhab nial aragen irad naukagnep nakhutubmem aisenodnIkutnu pais nad iridreb hadus ok irad atoggna idajnem um satin .lanoisanretni


xi

TCARTSBA

EHT NO ATTAH DAMMAHUM FO SAEDI EHTYCILOP NGIEROF EVITCA DNA EERF

anavrE adniL

ytisrevinU amrahD atanaS102 3

eht no saedi elanoitar s'attaH dammahuM )1( :ebircsed ot smia repap sihTcilop ngierof evitca dna eerf ycilop ngierof evitca dna eerf fo stpecnoc ehT )2( .y

evitca dna eerf fo snoitatnemelpmi ehT )3( .attaH danimahoM ot gnidrocca.attaH dammahoM ot gnidrocca ycilop ngierof

noitacifirev ,)gnitcelloc secruos( sdohtem citsirueh sesu gnitirw repap sihT ecruos( ,)scitirc tsih dna ,noitaterpretni yhpargoiro era desu sehcaorppa ehT .

fo yaw eht ,elihwnaeM .cimonoce dna lacitilop ,laicos evitpircsed si gnitirwylana .lacit

fo thguoht fo dnuorgkcab eht )1( :taht nialpxe gnitirw siht fo stluser ehTeerf no attaH dammahoM nageb ycilop ngierof evitca dna eh nehw poleved ot

h yltneuqerf e f fo stpecnoc ehT )2( .sgniteem lacitilop ro serutcel dl ycilop ngiero attaH gnuB sa erew fo cilbupeR eht fo retsiniM emirP sa hceeps tsrif sih ni derettu

negA gnikroW fo ecaf eht ni aisenodnI yc - eettimmoC lanoitaN aisenodnI lartneCPB( - 8491 ,2 rebmetpeS no )PINK gniyas :taht eerf nwo sti enimreted ot snaem

elihw ,yrrap yna yb detceffa ton ,htap evitca eb dna ecaep dlrow sdrawot snaemdna eerf fo noitatnemelpmi ehT )3( .snoitan lla htiw dneirf ycilop ngierof evitca

ecnednepedni fo doirep ylrae eht ni detrats sah attaH dammahoM ot gnidrocca s'aisenodnI demialcorp attaH dammahoM dna onrakuS ecnis nageb saw hcihw dah hcihw ,5491 ,71 tsuguA no sredavni eht fo sdnah eht morf ecnednepedni

iht thguorb na emaceb yllaiciffo aisenodnI hcihw ni are wen a otni noitan s eht seriuqer yletinifed aisenodnI ,yrtnuoc wen a sA .yrtnuoc tnednepedni

dah aisenodnI taht seirtnuoc rehto morf noitingocer neeb ot ydaer dna dehsilbatseanoitanretni eht fo rebmem eht emoceb .ytinummoc l


x

RATNAGNEP ATAK

nad takreb sata anerak asE ahaM gnaY nahuT taridahek rukuys ijuP

tamhar ludujreb gnay halakam nakiaseleynem tapad silunep aggnihes ,ayN

halakaM ”.fitkA sabeB iregeN rauL kitiloP gnatneT attaH dammahoM nasagaG“

ini id nakididneP anajraS raleg hiarem tarays utas halas ihunemem kutnu nususid

nasuruJ ,nakididneP umlI nad naurugeK satlukaF ,amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

.harajeS nakididneP idutS margorP ,laisoS nauhategneP umlI

ini halakam nanusuynep awhab iradaynem siluneP irad sapelret kadit

nakiapmaynem nigni silunep ini natapmesek adap akam ,kahip iagabreb nautab

:adapek hisakamiret napacu

.1 nakididneP umlI nad naurugeK satlukaF nakeD ukales ,D.hP ,idnahoR

.atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

.2 s ,dP.M ,inimuS.hT .arD harajeS nakididneP idutS margorP auteK ukale

adapek natapmesek nakirebmem halet gnay amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

.ini halakam nakiaseleynem kutnu silunep

.3 ,otnayrahiW .K.A .srD .M rabas halet gnay gnibmibmep nesod ukales ,M

naras nakirebmem nad gnibmibmem nanusuynep amales nakusam atres

.ini halakam

.4 gnay harajeS nakididneP idutS margorP tairaterkes kahip nad nesod huruleS

iduts nakiaseleynem silunep amales nautnab nad nagnukud nakirebmem halet

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU id


ix

.5 katsupreP nawayrak huruleS halet gnay ,amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naa

rebmus helorepmem malad silunep utnabmem nad nanayalep nakirebmem

.ini halakam nasilunep

.6 ailimE nad gnetaK sunitsugA uk aut gnaro audeK , atres ukhisakek drahciaR

suiluJ ,aodreb ,gnaujreb halel hanrep kadit gnay gnayas hisak nakirebmem

.silunep nalisahrebek kutnu tagnames nad

.7 margorP id amasreb sesorpreb halet gnay ,6002 natakgna awsisaham huruleS

naamasrebek ,nuhat hagnetes 5 hibel gnaruk amales harajeS nakididneP idutS

amasreb itawel atik halet gnay - kat amas .nakapulret hanrep naka

uti anerak helo ,anrupmes irad huaj ini halakam awhab iradaynem siluneP

halakam igab nugnabmem tafisreb gnay naras nalc kitirk nakparahgnem silunep

.aynacabmep igab taafnam nakirebmem tapad ini halakam agomeS .ini


iix

ISI RATFAD

LUDUJ NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ...................... i

GNIBMIBMEP NANUTESREP NAMALAH ................................ ................ ii

NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ......... iii

NAHABMESREP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ...... vi

OTTOM NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ..................... v

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP ................................ .......................... iv

LSAKILBUP NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL ........................... iiv

KARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... iiiv

TCARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ . xi

RATNAGNEP ATAK ................................ ................................ .................... x

RATFAD ISI ................................ ................................ ................................ .. iix

LEBAT NAD RABMAG ,OTOF ,NAGAB RATFAD ................................ .... vix

:I BAB NAULUHADNEP ................................ ................................ ......... 1

.A halasaM gnakaleB rataL ................................ ........................... 1

.B halasaM nasumuR ................................ ................................ .... 2

.C nasiluneP taafnaM nad naujuT ................................ ................. 2

.1 nasiluneP naujuT ................................ ................................ . 2

.2 nasiluneP taafnaM ................................ ............................... 3

:II BAB ATTAH DAMMAHOM NARIKMEP GNAKALEB RATAL

FITKA SABEB IREGEN RAUL KITILOP GNATNET ............ 5

.A attaH dammahoM pudiH tayawiR ................................ ............ 5

.B hokoT - sabeB iregeN rauL kitiloP malaD narepreB gnay hokot

A fitk attaH dammahoM ................................ ........................... 81

.C amaL edrO asaM adaP aisenodnI iregeN rauL kitiloP isautiS ... 12

:III BAB L KITILOP PESNOK FITKA SABEB IREGEN RAU

ATTAH DAMMAHOM TURUNEM ................................ ........... 24

.A fitkA sabeB ankaM ................................ ................................ .. 25

.B attaH nanipmimepeK nad laroM ................................ ............... 26


iiix

:VI BAB FITKA SABEB IREGEN RAUL KITILOP ISATNEMELPMI

ATTAH DAMMAHOM TURUNEM ................................ ........... 29

.A naasgnabeK ................................ ................................ .............. 23

.B aisunaM isasA kaH ................................ ................................ .. 53

.C isarkomeD ................................ ................................ ................ 73

.D nataykareK imonokE ................................ ................................ 93

.E sarkomeD 04 .………………………………………………laisoS i

.F nakididneP ................................ ................................ ............... 14

:V BAB NALUPMISEK ................................ ................................ ............. 43

AKATSUP RATFAD ................................ ................................ .................... 45

NEMELPUS ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 46


vix

RATFAD

rabmaG nad otoF

.1 1 rabmaG ................................ ................................ ................................ 46

)81 namalah( oiranuS rM .forP

.2 maG 2 rab ................................ ................................ ................................ . 47

)91 namalah( onrakeoS nI


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.A halasaM gnakaleB rataL

emsilanoisan tagnames helo gnorodid kitilop malad attaH natabilreteK

nagnanewesek tahilem gnires aid anerak nuhat 4 aisureb ai kajes lucnum gnay

iT tikuB atok riggnip id iridnes aynhamur naped id adnaleB aratnet .iggn

aid haletes natapmenep naktapadnem ialum attaH kitilop naradaseK

id halokesreb OLUM lanegnem ialum aid anam id )gnadaP( J nenartamuS gno

dnoB iD .ini nalupmukrep surugnep atoggna idajnem naidumek nad )BSJ(

ot arap nagned nalanekreb aid uti gnadaP atok hok - aynutas halas ,lakol hokot

.ilA diaS natluS

anadreP helo nakratnolid ilak amatrep fitka sabeb iregen raul kitiloP

lanoisaN etimoK ajrekeP nadaB gnadis malad attaH dammahoM iretneM

5491 rebmetpeS 2 laggnat adap atrakaygoY id )PINK PB( tasuP aisenodnI

ad : ludujreb gnay otadip mal .nagnarak aud aratna id gnuyadneM

gnay aisenodnI kilbupeR iregen raul kitilop rasad ,uti utkaw adaP

kadit aisenodnI kilbupeR .lanoisan nagnitnepek kutnu atames aynnakmanatid

huragnep nad nataukek adapek irid nakgnutnaggnem ulrep aragen - aragen

narikiP .raseb - nakapurem uti PINAK PB gnadis malad attaH gnuB narikip

rasad irad gnalbmag nad salej gnay napakgnugnep - iregen raul kitilop rasad

idajnem gnabmekreb gnay fitka nad sabeb gnay aisenodnI kilbupeR non -

.dengila y iregen raul kitiloP uti .attaH gnuB narikimep irad lawareb gna


2

.IKP/S03G ilaucek ,hatniremep helo nakgnewelesid hanrep muleb

gned rathcoM helo tubesid uti nagnapmiyneP ,"sorop" kitilop utaus aynada na

y gnikeP sorop utia - monP hneP - iagabes attaH gnuB naikimed nagneD .atrakaJ

lep .aisenodnI kilbupeR iregen raul kitilop rasad kate

.B halasaM nasumuR

naksumurid tapad akam sata id naiaru nakrasadreB aparebeb

jnem gnay nahalasamrep aynnahalasamrep nupadA .ini nasilunep kejbo ida

:utiay tukireb iagabes

.1 rikimep gnakaleb ratal anamiagaB kitilop gnatnet attaH dammahoM na

?fitka sabeb iregen raul

.2 dammahoM turunem fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop pesnok anamiagaB

?attaH

.3 turunem fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop isatnemelpmi anamiagaB

?attaH dammahoM

.C nasiluneP taafnaM nad naujuT

.1 uT nasiluneP nauj

iagabreb bawajnem kutnu nakharaid mumu araces ini nasiluneP

gnatnet attaH dammahoM nasagag nagned natiakreb gnay halasam

:naujutreb ini nasilunep uti kutnU .fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop

.a leb ratal sisilanagnem nad nakispirksednem kutnU narikimep gnaka

.fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop gnatnet attaH dammahoM

.b iregen raul kitilop pesnok sisilanagnem nad nakispirksednem kutnU

.attaH dammahoM turunem fitka sabeb


3

.c raul kitilop isatnemelpmi sisilanagnem nad nakispirksednem kutnU

eb iregen .attaH dammahoM turunem fitka sab

.2 nasiluneP taafnaM

.a PIKF aynsusuhK amrahD atanaS satisrevinU igaB

gnay naacab nahab habmanem kutnu nakparahid ini nasiluneP

satisrevinU nagnukgnil id adareb gnay kiab acabmep igab anugreb

ep igab nupuam amrahD atanaS satisrevinU raul id adareb gnay acabm

attaH dammahoM nasagaG" ianegnem aynsusuhk amrahD atanaS

.'fitkA sabeB iregeN rauL kitiloP gnatneT

.b nauhategneP umlI igaB

em saib nakparahid ini nasiluneP habmanem nad isnerefer idajn

rep agnabmegnep malad naarahadneb harajes nauhategnep umli n

rauL kitiloP gnatneT attaH dammahoM nasagaG“ gnatnet aynsusuhk

”.fitkA sabeB iregeN

.c silunep igaB

silunem malad nauhategnep nad namalagnep habmanem kutnU

gnatneT attaH dammahoM nasagaG“ gnatnet aynsusuhk haimli ayrak

uL kitiloP ”.fitkA sabeB iregeN ra

.D nasiluneP akitametsiS

“ ludujreb gnay halakaM ahoM nasagaG rauL kitiloP gnatneT attaH damm

:tukireb iagabes akitametsis ikilimem ini ”fitkA sabeB iregeN


4

I baB P: nauluhadne , al gnatnet isireb nasumurep ,halasam gnakaleb rat

alasam h nad ,nasilunep taafnam nad naujut , kitametsis a

.nasilunep

II baB :U aleb ratal gnatnet naiar narikimep gnak M attaH dammaho

fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop gnatnet .

III baB :U pesnok ianegnem naiar fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop turunem

ahoM attaH damm .

VI baB : naiarU ianegnem fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop isatnemelpmi

attaH dammahoM turunem .

V baB : nalupmiseK irad nasahabmep I nad III ,II bab adap V.


5

II BAB

GNATNET ATTAH DAMMAHOM NARIKIMEP GNAKALEB RATAL


.A attaH dammahoM pudiH tayawiR

,amatrep gnay aisenodnI kilbupeR nediserp likaw ,attaH dammahoM

gnay milsuM ,nilpisid ,rujuj katawreb gnay nipmimep kosos halada ,helas

.nataykarek igoloedireb gnay monoke nad tarkomed gnay nawaragen

aynpudih namalagnep atres nagnukgnil nad neg irad kutnebid aynnaidabirpeK

.aynhelorepid gnay nauhategnep umli helo nakgnatamid atres licek irades

gniT tikuB id nakrihalid attaH dammahoM haubes id ,2091 sutsugA 21 ig

,iggniT tikuB ayar nalaj ek padahgnem uti hamuR.aud takgnitreb uyak hamur

008 saules hanat id naki tabet haubes tapadret ayntaked iD .hubmukayaP

huilak naki malok narep naksikulem attaH ayniromem malaD .igesrep retem

upmam uti raleG saylI ,aynkekak aratna kiab gnay nagnubuh naklubminem

tikuB id asaukreb gnay adnaleB gnaro nagned ,haraM adnigaB

utkaweS.iggniT - adap aynkilabes nad utis irad naki mirikid akerem utkaw

hosek gnay adnaleB uturec nakmirignem akerem irtiF ludI ayaR iraH ro

aynigab nalaj nakakubmem uti kiab gnay nagnubuH.aynkekak adapek

.adnaleB halokes kusam kutnu )attaH dammahoM(

,diysrum urug gnaroes ,limajD dammahoM ijaH halada attaH hayA

laggninem gnay ,taraB aretamuS id takerat uata ifus naaraduasrep haubes

tek ainud itiS amanreb attaH adnubI .nalub napaled rumureb attaH aki


6

utas nakapurem attaH.ahelaS - ikal kana nad usgnub kana aynutas - utas ikal -

.aynutas

kusam naidumek attaH ,aynasawed hubmutreb nikames gnirieS

es ai gnay ,aynhaya kakak anacner haletes ,adnaleB halokes haya" tub

id halokesreb kutnu ini mitay gnay aynnakanopek awabmem ,"ukkeag

kana imugagnem hibel attaH .lagag hakkaM - kaynab gnay gnadeG atok kana

.adnaleB nakididnepreb 1

imalagnenr attaH ,8091 nuhat adap ,nuhat 01 muleb aynrumu akiteK

kiteK.tihap namalagnep udadres halmujes ,iggnittikuB ,nakgnujaT ruA id uti a

gnaro hadeleggnem sunuhret tenoyab nagned esosram - adaP.tawel gnay gnaro

61 ,gnamaK gnupmaK id anerak ,akrum lainolok hatniremep uti taas

rayab kalonem akereM .katnoreb taykar ,attaH hamur irad retemolik kajap

kududnep 001 nad sawet esosram gnaro 2l ,sutelem kilfnok akiteK .gnusgnal

gnaro ,nakukalid aizaR .itam kabmetid - aratna id kusamreT.pakgnatid gnaro

siaR akitek nemoM .attaH kekak tabahas ,siaR halada kokocid gnay gnaro

pa aterek alednej irad iabmalem hanrep kat iatnarid gnay nagnat nagned i

tihap namalagnep imed namalagneP .attaH licek asam natagni irad gnalih

luteb radas attaH taubmem licek irad tihap namalagneP.attaH gnelbmeggnem

paretid gnay nilpisiD.aynpudih nagnukgnil id nilpisid gnay naruta malad nak

malad tauk tagnas ,OLUM nad SIH itrepes halokes adap ukalreb attaH

.attaH latnem pakis kutnebmem

1 namlaS aziraflA . takgniS ifargoiB :attaH dammahoM 2091 - 0891 .9002. atrakajgoJ , 11 .lah - 21


7

koloid uti malsI aragen ,2191 nuhat adap gnarep halak ikruT akiteK --

kana helo kolo - uhat ai ,naidumek ipateT .itah tikas tuki attaH ,adnaleB kana

t ai awhab ai ,aynkeag hayA iraD .ikruT natluS adapek itapmisreb asib kadi

natlus anamiagab ragnednem - nad namilazek nakukalem" ikruT natlus

raulid gnay nagnadnaP ."ihalI nalidaek turunem nataubrep nakhuajnem

naradasek malad hinebreb aynkaga uti utkaw adap namizalek malad ,attaH

itna pakis malad itrepes ,sitirk patet ai aynamagareb nahugetek - ,aynlainolok

.taraB itna kadit patet ai ipatet

nakiaseleynem aiD.adnaleB halokes id halokesreb attaH ,licek kajeS

id aynrasad nakididnep loohcS eregaL eseporuE nit tikuB id )SLE( adap igg

nakiaseleynem attaH naidumeK.6191 loohcS regaL dierbegtiU reeM

attaH ,1291 nuhat adap aynsureteS.9191 nuhat adap gnadaP id )OLUM(

nakiaseleynem loohcS erabelddiM lednaH hagneneM iggniT halokeS(

aH ,gnagaD halokes naktamanem iasU.aivataB id )gnagaD id hailuk att

id imonokE iggniT halokeS ,loohcsegohslednaH dnalredeN ,madrettoR

.adnaleB

,isasinagro sivitka iagabes rirak sitnirem attaH ,nuhat 51 aisureb kajeS

arahadneb iagabes dnoB nenartamuS gnoJ ,ini atok iD .gnadaP gnabac )SBJ(

nubminem ialum attaH nad takaraysam nagnabmekrep lahirep nauhategnep

narok ajas nakub ,narok iagabreb acabmem tawel aynutas halas ,kitilop

narikimep lanegnem attaH haluti taweL .aivataB aguj ipatet gnadap natibret

rabak tarus malad otonimaorkojT .S.O.H ,aidniH nasutU sugA nad milaS

malad .ajtareN


8

ulal attaH uti haleteS .OLUM irad sulul attaH nuhat 71 aisu adaP

gnagaD iggniT halokeS id iduts naktujnalem kutnu aivataB ek kalotreb snirP

iD.loohcS kirdneH id taumid aynnagnaraK.silunem fitka ialum attaH inis

,aretamuS gnoJ halajam N .ainadniH ukama lahirep nakatirecnem ini nasiluT

itam laggnitid haleteS.igal hakinem kujubret gnay ayak gnay kitnac adnaj

amanreb taraB irad rifasuM halgnatad ,natsudniH irad anamharB ,aynimaus

s halas nakapurem ini hasiK .ayngnanimem naidumek gnay aidnaloW uta

iggniT halokeS id halokesreb ai akitek attaH silutid gnay ukub irad atirec

.gnagaD

areges al.1291 rebmetpeS kajnemes adnaleB id patenem ialum attaH

aidniH nanupmihrep malad gnubagreb .)gnigineereV ehcsidnI( halet uti taaS

I id nakaregrep milki aidesret ehcsidnI aynmulebeS.gnigineereV ehcsidn

naumetrep gnaja irad hibel kat 8091 nuhat adap iridreb gnay gnigineereV

ehcsidnI ianrawem ialum nakaregrep refsomtA .ria hanat lasa rajalep

idrawuS utiay jitraP ehcsidnI hokot agit aynabit kajnemes gnigineereV

nayruS adap adnaleB id omusuknugnaM otpijT nad ,rekkeD sewuoD ,targgni

narok id nasilut tawel akerem kitirk tabika narurretske iagabes 3191 nuhat eD

.serpxE iK( targgninayruS idrawuS anerak sapel kat ,atpicret uti isidnoK

natibrenep isaisinignem )aratnaweD rajaH halajam arteoP aidniH helo

.6191 nuhat kajes gnigineereV ehcsidnI arteoP aidniH nayobmesreb

kanA hallakeK!aidniH hanaT halreom'aM" - igab isamrofni isireb "!ayntajkaR

alup nalaggnitek kat ,aratnasuN id isidnok lahirep ria hanat lasa rajalep arap

tirk pisisret .adnaleB lainoloK pakis padahret ki


9

aynnaasaibek anerak gnabmekreb nikam attaH kitilop naradaseK

hamarec iridahgnem - naumetrep uata hamarec - halaS.kitilop naumetrep

.siuM ludbA halai uti akitek atiaH alodi idajnem gnay kitilop hokot gnaroes

ahilem mugak ukA" nakragnednem kiysa uka ,otadipreb siuM ludbA arac t

iapmaS .aynatak nanuya helo anosepret ,uarap hagnetes udrem gnay aynaraus

kiranem tabeh utigeb gnay otadip nakragnednem hanrep muleb uka uti taas

ukub malad attaH atak ",tagnames rakabmem nad naitahrep eM .riom ludbA

namor gnaragnep halada siuM ,nahusA halaS sivitka ,malsI takeraS atoggna

,daarshloV halajam malad taigep nad ,takeraS aidniH narok ,adeoM meoaK

,uyaleM nasutU ,eoraB aidniH ,ajtareN nad .nahabeoreP

id aynnakaregrep reirak ilawagnem gnamem attaH ehcsidnI

laggnat adap arahadneb iagabes kujnutid akitek 2291 nuhat adap gnigineereV

ehcsidnI surugnep naitnagrep idajret ,uti utkaW.2291 iraurbeF 91

.artsasiwatraK nemreH helo itnagid omoteoS .rd amal auteK .gnigineereV

tra aynup uti alak iseskus mutnemoM asam id akerem igab gnitnep i

aman itnaggnem kutnu naksutumem akerem haluti akitek babes ,gnatadnem

aynnatujnalek nad gnigineereV ehcsisenodnI idajnem gnigineereV ehcsidnI

aman nahilip haubeS .aisenodnI idajnem eidnI dnalredeN aman itnaggnem

as gnay asgnab gnaroes halas ,alup uti murof malaD .kitilop nataumreb tar

akerem gnarakes irad awhab nakatagnem gnigineereV ehcsisenodnI atoggna

.eidnI dnalredeN uata aidniH nakadainem nad aisenodnI nugnabmem naka

idem adap akitek utauS a gnem gnay awitsirep idajret ,2291 nakrapmeg

hutnur gnades gnay naajarek iagabes gnadnapid gnay ikruT.aporE kcis eht(


01

)rporuE fo nam helo nakogajid gnay inanuY aratnet rudnum lukumem

nasilut laires idajnem silut ai ulal ,uatnap attaH uti awitsirep natetneR .sirggnI

kutnu ajtareN .aivataB id naitahrep todeynem uti attaH nasilut laireS

,pitugnem gnay ria hanat id rabak tarus kaynab nakhab ,acabmep kayalahk

nasiiut - .attaH nasilut

nanupmihreP autek idajnem hilipret attaH ,6291 iraunaJ 71 adaP

adip nakiapmaynem aid ,uti natapmesek adaP .aisenodnI gnay isaruguani ot

ludujreb negniltetsnegtsthcaM ne aruobdlereW ehcsimonocE rutkurtS(

attaH ,ini isasinagro iulaleM.)naasaukeK nagnatnetreP nad ainuD imonokE

atic naklanekrepmem taig - nad adnaleB iregen id naakedremek atic

aragen iagabreb id aynnakakumegnem ,sicnarP ,aigleB kusamret ,aporE id

.namreJ nad

,"aisenodnI" aman naklanekrepmem naujut nagned ,6291 nuhat adaP

kutnu lanoisanretnI isarkomeD sergnoK ek isageled nipmimem attaH

01 laggnat adap alup naikimeD .sicnarP ,ellivreiB id ainuD naiamadreP - 51

rbeF agiL malad aisenodnI isageled likaw idajnem attaH ,7291 irau

sergnok utaus ,lainoloK nasadnineP nad emsilairepmI gnatneneM

naidumek attaH .aigleB ,lessurB id nakadaid gnay lanoisanretni

helo naktibretid gnay nasilut malad "aisenodnI" aman naklanekrepmem eD

.8291 rebmeseD adap tsilaicoS

aisenodnI kilbupeR naakedremek rotamalkorp iagabes lanekid nialeS

attaH ,renoisiv gnay rikimep nad nakaregrep gnaujep ,onrakeoS .rI amasreb

,nalidaek pesnok katelep iagabes nagnalak kaynab gnadnapid aguj


11

omed nad ,naakubretek halada latnemunom gnilap gnay aynnarikimeP.isark

nakumenem nad ,nataykarek imonoke isarkomed nugnabmem ayngnitnep

attaH dammahoM aynbabes halutI.isarepok malad laedi gnay aynkutneb

.aisenodnI isarepoK kapaB iagabes lanekid

gnamem ,adnaleB aynsusuhk ,aporE isasilakidar tapmet idajnem

nagnadnap - amatrep naiju tapmet aguj nad ,kitilop gnatnet aynnagnadnap

tagnas inis id aynnamalagnep awhaB.naasaukek nad mukuh nagned

gnilap gnay rumu irad anas id adareb attaH .itregnenrid tapad ,sakebmem

iapmas nuhat 02 ,fitaerk asam gnatnet atirecreb ayniromeM .nuhat 13 nagned

kat aynkapmat gnay naicnirep nagned hunep ,namalah 041 gnajnapes ini

amatrep kacnup awhab halai nakiaba id tapad kadit gnaY .nakapulret

akitek ,inis id iapacret aynasgnab naakedramek kutnu attaH nagnaujrep ai

naigabes pukacnem aynah ini isasinagrO .aisenodnI nanupmihreP nipmimem

iregeN adareb gnay aisenodnI awsisaham irad ajas )nesrep 52 ratikes( licek

ajas nakub uti gnisa hanat id adareb gnay adumep arap ipaT.adnaleB

laynem kutnu hadaw iagabes IP nakumenem naksumurem nahutubek nakru

.lipmat natapmesek utaus kutnu nahariagek iagabes aguj ipat ,irid satitnedi

gnagaD iggniT halokeS tamat haleteS ,)loohsegoohslednaH( 5 adap

.adnaleB id adareb nuhat 11 amales haletes aisenodnI id abit attaH 2391 iluJ

nitahirp aneraK .taharitsireb amal tapmes kat attaH ,gnaujep gnaroes iagabeS

iridnes aynautek helo )INP( aisenodnI lanoisaN iatraP narabubmep nagned

ttaH ,onotraS .rM utiay nial nad rirhajS natuS amasreb a - nakiridnem nial

aynnataigek naksukofmem gnay )uraB INP( aisenodnI lanoisaN nakididneP


21

redak kididnem malad - tapmes aynah aid ,numaN .kdilop nagnaujrep redak

at hagnetes utas irad gnaruk amales uraB INP nakaregrep malad fitka .nuh

idajnem tapmes ai ,ini iatrap iD aI .aynautek inagnanem fitka aguj

ajam l ha taj ’aR tluaD 4391( - helo pakgnatid ai ,4391 nuhat adaP .)5391

.nalub 11 amales kodolG arajnep id nahatid nad adnaleB aidniH hatniremeP

adaP 4391( taraB aupaP ,lugiD nevoB ek gnaubid ai ,5391 nuhat - gnay )5391

5391( arieN adnaB nagnaubmep tapmet ek nakhadnipid naidumek - ,)2491

ai ,2491 teraM 9 adaP .imubakuS ek igal nakhadnipid 2491 iraurbeF adap nad

let aynhuggnuses ai ,latotid akiJ .naksabebid 01 amales laminim nakgnisaid ha

.nuhat 2

halmujes id fitka naidumek attaH ,namukuh asam irad sabeb haleteS

rumiTaisA gnareP aynsutelem haletes nuhates tapeT.ria hanat isasinagro

8 adap ,atrakaJ ,adakI nagnapaL id nakadaid mumu tapar haubes ,ayaR

91 rebmeseD adumep igaB" ,atakreb aiD.otadipreb atnimid attaH.24

adapirad natual rasad ek maleggnet aisenodnI tahilem akus hibel ai ,aisenodnI

".ilabmek gnaro nahajaj iagabes ayniaynupmem

adap tahisaneP rotnaK alapeK idajnem ai ,2491 lirpA nalub adaP

T alaB hatniremep iagabes takgnaid ai ,3491 nuhat adaP .noppiN iaD aratne

,3491 rebmevoN .)aretuP( taykaR aganeT tasuP malad nanipmip utas halas

ek attaH gnaubmem ahasureb aisenodnI id gnapeJ taraD natakgnA nanipmip

odnI id kitilop nagnabmekrep irad licnepret aid raga oykoT ,numaN.aisen

suret gnay kifisaP gnareP isautis nagnabmekrep anerak ,lagag ini ahasu

2 dibl 51.1ah , - 71


31

helo nipmipid gnay utukeS gnarep igetarts aynada tabika kusamret ,tujnalreb

.ruhtrA caM salguoD laredneJ

nakutnebmep malad tabilret kaynab naidumek attaH dammahoM

neP nadaB ahasU kidiy - )IKPUPB( aisenodnI naakedremeK napaisreP ahasu

gnadis itukignem nagned kusamret ,4491 ieM - ieM 92 kajes ayngnadis

inuJ 1 laggnat alisacnaP aynrihal lahirep uhat tagnas nakhab attaH.5491

napaisreP aitinaP nakutnebmep malad tuki attaH nakhaB.5491 naakedremeK

.5491 sutsugA lawa adap )IKPP( aisenodnI

aisenodnI naakedremek nad utukeS helo halak gnapeJ akitek pateT

5 adaP .attaH adapek awecek hanrep adumep arap ,utnip gnabma id hadus

natad omusukidahojojD otnaibuS nad omotasortsaS oidabuS ,5491 sutsugA g

,numaN .naakedremek naataynrep nakureynem areges raga attaH kujubmenr

kutnu nakparahid asib kadit attaH".attaH irad lisah helorepmem kat akerem

nup gnaroes kat ,naikimed numaN.rakgnetreb haletes akerem atak ",isulover

d attaH.tucegnep attaH hudunem tapad macam nakased kalonem onrakeoS na

halada naakedremek naataynrep awhab ijnaj adapek takiret akerem anerak uti

.attaH nad onrakeoS kah nakub ,IKPP kah

naumenep halada attaH nakrabmagid gnay apa gnitnepret gnaY

onrakeoS - laredneJ nagned attaH ihcuareT talaD id aratU halebes mk 003(

haluti natapmesek adaP .5491 sutsugA 21 adap )nogiaS ihcuareT aman

takgnis utkaw maiad aisenodnI naakedremek nakijnajnem gnapeJ hatniremeP

ek gnapeJ nemelraP gnadis haletes - ek gnalup mulebes ,nogiaS iD .58

A 21 laggnat adap aisenodnI arumoN lenoloK nanteL ,03.61 maj 5491 sutsug


41

onrakeoS uhat irebmem - id gnay airucnaM ek teivoS naubres gnatnet attaH

id natales naigab nilahkaS ualup awhab ,nakgnaret id kadit( gnapeJ helo hajaj

.)ubres id halet aguj odiakkoH aratu halebes

gnem hanrep attaH rebmevoN 1 laggnat kitiloP tamulkaM nakraule

aidesreb aisenodnI awhab nakataynem nial aratna aynisi gnay 5491

gnipmas iD .isamolpid arac iulalem adnaleB nagned atekgnes nakiaseleynem

5491 rebmevoN 3laggnat hatniremep tamulkaM nakraulegnem aguj attaH uti

ay iatrap kutnebmem kutnu taykar adapek narujna apureb aynisi gn - iatrap

:utiay ,kitilop iatrap haubes haliridreb ,tubesret narujna iulaleM .kitilop

sinumoK iatraP( IKP ,)aisenodnI nimilsuM oruyS silejaM( imuysaM

atraP ,)aisenodnI huruB iatraP( IBP ,)aisenodnI odnikraP ,ataleJ taykaR i

iatraP( SRP ,)aisenodnI silaisoS iatraP( ISP ,)aisenodnI netsirK iatraP(

iamreP ,)aisenodnI kilbupeR kilotaK iatraP( IRKP ,)silaisoS taykaR

.)aisenodnI lanoisaN iatraP( INP nad ,)aisenodnI neahraM taykaR nautasreP(

malkorp haleteS iracnem ahasureb hanrep attaH ,IR naakedremek isa

aragen iagabes aisenodnI gnukudnem kutnu lanoisanretni ainud nagnukud

duskam nagned aidnI ek igrep ai ,7491 iluJ adap ,hatnoc iagabeS .akedrem

bes ramaynem nagned ihdnaG amtahaM nad urheN lalrahawaJ iumenem iaga

urheN .)kiantaP ujiB halada ayntawasep tolip( halludbA amanreb tolipok

arac nagned aisenodnI utnabmem tapad aidnI awhab ijnajreb naidumek

tapad adnaleB raga BBP adapek isuloser nakirebmem nad setorpmem

.mukuhid


51

nodnI isageled nipmimem attaH ,9491 adaP nagnidnurep malad aise

nagnidnurep lisaH .adnaleB ,gaaH neD id )BMK( radnuB ajeM isnerefnoK

kilbupeR haliridreB.IR nataluadek iukagnem adnaleB halada tubesret

anadrep iagabes attaH helo nipmipid gnay )SIR( takireS aisenodnI

na utkaw nuruk malaD .ayniretnem rebmeseD aggnih 8491 iraunaJ 92 arat

anadrep ,nediserp likaw iagabes aynnatabaj nakpakgnarem aguj ai ,9491

utkaw nuruk malaD .SIR nanahatrep iretnem idajnem sugilakes nad ,iretnem

raul iretnem iagabes pakgnarem aguj ai ,0591 sutsugA aggnih 9491 rebmeseD

en .SIR )ulnem( ireg

natabaj ikududnem igal kadit kajes utiay ,6591 rebmeseD kajeS

sativitka nagned nakkubisid kaynab attaH ,nahatniremep larutkurts - sativitka

aynranebes ai ,nediserp likaw iagabes tabajnem amaleS .)kimedaka( naumliek

nakiapmaynem gnires aguj hamarec - naurugrep iagabreb id haimli hamarec

naktapadnem ai ,tarkorib idajnem igal kadit haleteS .ria hanat id iggnit

nad naumliek nataigek adap sukof kutnu utkaw kaynab aI .simedaka hanrep

moK fatS halokeS id nesod idajnem 1591( gnudnaB id taraD natakgnA odna -

4591( atrakaygoY id adaM hajaG satisrevinU id nesod ,)1691 - nesod ,)9591

6691( niddunasaH satisrevinU id asaib raul - id asaib raul nesod nad ,)1791

1691( gnudnaB narajajdaP satisrevinU - anrep aguj ai ,uti gnipmas iD .)1791 h

ispurok halasam gnatnet isimok tahisanep nad nediserep tahisanep idajnem

narisfanep naksumurem tuki gnay amiL aitinaP auteK iagabes nad )9691(

.)5791( alisacnaP


61

81 laggnat mihcaR itaimhaR itiS nagned hakinem attaH dammahoM

udnemageM aseD id 5491 rebmevoN id rihal imhaR.taraB awaJ ,rogoB ,gn

ekjiletsirhC nakididnep nakiaseleynem aI.6291 iraurbeF 61 adap gnudnaB

attaH nagned apmujreb imhaR .amas gnay atok id )AMS takgnites( muecyL

irad ilabmek attaH nad onrakeoS taas ,nuhat 71 aisu adap ilak amatrep

nisagnep .nag

aynramalem nad imhaR iumenem onrakeoS ,naidumek nuhat auD

aynah ,suires gnaro iagabes aynimaus lakab ialinem gnay ,imhaR.attaH kutnu

hadus aynutnet ,naupmerep gnaroes ramalem aid ualaK" ,bawajnem

kasam aynrikipid - akinem naidumek attaH nad imhaR".kasam id h

.5491 rebmevoN 81 adap ,rogoB ,gnudnemageM

alameG ,adiraF aitueM utiay ,irtup gnaro agit iaynupmem ulal akereM

irS .rD nagned hakinem aitueM.hairuN adilaH nad ,ha'ibaR - ,onosawS idE

tapmes attaH.kebmajdiraB lilahC dammahoM .srD nagned alameG nad

kaynem nad onosawS munaH atiwuJ irS utiay ,aynucuc aud narihalek nakis

.kebmajdiraB rahtA damahoM

aynup aI .hasus nad gnanes malad aynimaus ignipmadnem imhaR

iD .sikul ines aynsusuhk ,nainesek nad nauhategnep adap maladnem naitahrep

ales - i ,attaH ignipmadnem ales aparebeb maladrepmem irid naktapmeynem a

aI .idabirp rotut nagnibmib hawab id kitilop umli nad ,harajes ,gnisa asahab

hakinem ai aggnih )naudnapek malad( ajamer kajes laisos gnadib id fitka aguj

.adnajnem nad


71

alada imhaR pisnirp nahugetek kutneb utas halaS ignalahgnem kadit h

tama gnay ,nediserP likaW natabaj irad rudnum ,aynpisnirp imed gnay ,attaH

gnaro itamrohid aI.alup nagned tilus gnay napudihek ipadahgnem raget

ynmumU .nuhat 03 urab aynaisu lahadap ,licek gnay attaH nuisnep irtsi ,a - irtsi

nad natabaj nakkatelenr aynimaus naggne ,naikes aisu adap ,tabajep

igalapa ,kaynab gnaro irad lamrof naramrohgnep atres satilisaf naklaggninem

edoirep malad iksem ,raget patet imhaR .tacepid anerak nakub aynitnehreb

naigabes ,amal pukuc gnay "tukat" naluatiadnah nad tabajep arap irad

akij onrakeoS nagned "nagnarebesreb" pacid ritauk anerak ,attaH umetreb

.attaH nagned taked natahilek akerem

tabatram nad ,rakrah ,artic agajnem upmam gnay irtsi halada imhaR

nad nauhategnep hasagnem nagned imaus iapacnem aggnih aynpudih ayag

agraulek gnait idajnem patet imhaR ,tafaw attaH haleteS .higgnac gnay farat

nakgnidnabmeM .attaH tabatram nad ,pisnirp ,inarun itah agajnem malad

nahapmilreb gnay nial tabajep agraulek nagned attaH agraulek napudihek

k nagned ,inigeb pudih pukuc hadus atiK" ,atakreb aynah imhaR ,nahaweme

imhaR ".suret agaj atik surah gnay uti ,kiab aman aynah ikilim arik gnay

ignubulesid gnay attaH naawabiwek anerak nial kat ,uti itrepes idajnem tapad

laggninepes ,ayntaubmem gnay ,gnayas hisak ayntayah rihka iapmas ,attaH

suret rapad - kana gnibmibmem surenem - malad adareb patet raga aynkana

.attaH pudih pisnirp rulaj

otpiC tikaS hamuR id 0891 teraM 41 adap tafaw attaH dammahoM

hanaT UPT id nakimubekid nad ,nuhat 77 aisu malad atrakaJ omusuknugnaM


81

gniri akiteK .0891 teraM 51 adap risuK - tapme gnajnapes hazanej nagniri

gnodnobreb gnaro nasutar ,namriduS laredneJ nalaJ itawelem reremolik -

hitup kudnaps nakrabignem gnaro halmujeS.natamrohgnep irebmem gnodnob

kiteK "!ukkapaB ,nalaj tamales" ,matih tacreb ek naknurutid attaH dasaj a

kitnir nurut najuh ,risuK hanaT namakamep id tahal gnail - iapmas kitnir

hamur id gnayhabmes nipmimenr gnay akmaH ayuB .iaseles aracapu

hagnet id signanem ,makam id aod nakacabmem naidumek nad muhramla

atak - .aynatak

ahoM napudiheK irad tamroh asar naktibrenem gnamem .attaH damm

gnaro ilak paites amas gnay harem gnaneb ada ulaleS .nawal nupuata nawak

naatnicek nagned pudih gnay kosos halada aiD .attaH idabirp nakaracibmem

atic ,agraulek adap maladnem - sgnab haubes naka sarek gnay atic gnay a

umli nad ukub ainud adap iggnit gnay tamroh asar atres ,akedrem

gnaro nad agrauleK .nauhategnep - taked irad nakiskaynem aynratikes id gnaro

gnay nilpisid nad naanahredesek nagned pudih attaH anamiagab

ek napmisret ,aynitah kubul id huaJ.nakgnagnecnem raseb gnay naayacrep

kiab isnetop adapek aI.aisunam adap irad sukite gnaroes hibel gnamem

gnatnet ayniroet rasaD .monoke nupuata sukitilop gnaroes isarepook

fisreb aisunam kididnem" ,aynsilut ",isarepooK".uti lah nakkujnunem laisos ta

".imonoke nakujub irad irid agajnem iadnap atres rujuj nad

asib uti akite awhab nakitkubmem iridnes attaH pudiH aI.nalajreb

id aynhamur ada aynaH .raseb gnay naayakek naklaggninem apnat tafaw

nad orogenopiD nalaJ anamiagabes ,ipaT.gnudneM ageM id aynlicek alliv


91

helob kat nakududek ,aynisareneg irad aisenodnI nipmimep arap nakkujnutid

irad attaH kakak aud laggnit tapmet ,rapmahutaB iD .naayakek nakrihalem

VT narais irad iuhatekid attaH namakamep araca ,nial gnay ubi ,numaN .IR

nad attaH kosos aynanahredes utigeB.isivelet tawasep aynup kat akerem

namaT id nakmakamid kat raga taisawreb attaH alib hena kaT.aynagraulek

.taykar nagned taked ayapus ,nawalhaP 3

.B hokoT - sabeB iregeN rauL kitiloP malad narepreB gnaY hokoT fitkA

attaH dammahoM

.1 oiranuS rM .forP

nagned aynnatiak ada tupul kadit ini fitka sabeb iregen raul kitiloP

nanupmihreP helo nakraulekid gnay kitilop otsefinaM .8291 adumep hapmus

forP turunem ini adumep hapmus irad latnemadnuf hibel 5291 aisenodnI

otraS pisnirp isireb aynitni adap 5291 kitilop otsefinaM .ojdridotraK on

inkay nagnaujrep ytinU ,)nautasreP( ytilauqe nad ,)naaratesek( ytrebil

utaS .)naakedremek( - awitsirep aud malad fitka narepreb gnay hokot aynutas

halada lanoisan harajes kaggnot idajnem gnay tahil( oiranuS rM .forP

ai naksutec id uti kitilop otsefinam akiteK )54 .lah ,1 rabmag ,1 naripmal

.attaH amasreb aisenodnI nanupmihreP surugnep idajnem

nakgnades nediserp likaw idajnem attaH ,akedram aisenodnI haleteS

naidumek nad atoggna idajnem oiranuS etimoK( PINK ajrekeP nadaB

amas ini hokot audeK.)tasuP aisenodnI lanoisaN - irtneM idajnem hanrep amas

02( SIR nahatnirenrep adap ulneM pakgnarem attaH.)ulneM( iregeN rauL

3 dibI 2.1ah , 9


02

9491 rebmeseD - INP iridnep gnaroes halas nad fitka )0591 rebmetpeS 6

M idajnem oiranuS 3591 iluJ 03( ojojdimaortsaS ilA tenibak asames ulne - 21

,)5591 sutsugA kitiloP ,attaH helo sagagid gnay fitka sabeb iregen raul

nakgnusgnalid ulneM idajnem akiteK.atayn araces oiranuS helo nakrabajid

gnay 5591 nuhat gnudnaB id )akirfA aisA isnerfnoK( AAK naklisahgnem

rebmeseD nediserp likaw idajnem rudnum attaH akiteK.gnudnaB aliS asaD

.)1691 nuhat iapmas( sirggnI raseB atuD idajnem kujnutid oiranuS ,6591

mukuh nad kitilop raseb urug iagabes takgna id oiranuS uti haleteS

rotkeR idajnem ulal ,lanoisanretni 3691( gnarames orogenopiD satisrevinU -

halas ai awhab nakatakid satnap ai akam ,ini oiranuS atres narep satA .)6691

fitkA sabeB iregeN r.auL kitiloP malad atres narepreb gnay hokot utas

.attaH dammahoM nasagag 4

.2 onrakeoS .rI

ipmal tahil( onrakeoS atam iD halada attaH ,)64.1ah ,2 rabmag ,2 nar

itamkinem uata ,awatret ,iranem hanrep kat aI nakhaB .suires gnaykosos

uata aynhajaw harem gnapmag gnay gnaro halada attaH kajeJ .pudih

naksikulem kutnu kiabret arac ,sidag gnaroes nagned umetreb alib aynakum

idabirp id naidajek utaus nakhasignem nagned halada onrakeoS atak attaH

utas nad tapmet utaus ek nanalajrep malad attaH akitek ,eros utaus - aynutas

attaH .kitnac sidag gnaroes halada uti naaradnek malad nial gnapmunep

ai uti anerak urtsuj ,suires gnay kosos gnamem .ucul 5

4 //:pttH /moc.owobisuaF.www /hokot/liforp/ 5 dibI 402 .lah ,


12

nasagag nakirebmem kaynab aguj onrakeoS nediserP - id nasagag

aisA asgnab bisan padahret aynnanitahirpeK .lanoisanretnI ainud - ,akirfA

aynbisan nakutnenem kutnu kah iaynupmem muleb ,akedrem muleb hisam

nuhat adap ,onrakeoS nediserp nakbabeynem ,iridnes libmagnem ,5591

aisA isnerefnoK nakadagnem kutnu fitaisini - gnay gnudnaB id akirfA

aisA atoK ubI iagabes lanekid gnudnaB .aliS asaD naklisahgnem - .akirfA

aragen naklaggnitid gnay "utkaw mob" tabika kilfnok nad nagnapmiteK -

nemem hisam pacid gnay taraB aragen nad emsilairepmi nakgnit

rilkun gnarep aynlucnum naka naritawahkek nad nagnapmitek ,emsilainolok

nadab nalidakaditek ,nabadarep haburem gnay - lanoisanretni ainud nadab

pisoJ nediserP amasreB .aynnaitahrep idajnem aguj kilfnok nahacemep malad

oguY( otiT zorB hanniJ ilA dammahoM ,)riseM( ressaN ledbA lamaG ,)aivals

nakadagnem ai )aidnI( urheN lalrahawaJ nad )amriB( ,uN U ,)natsikaP(

takreB .kolB noN nakareG nakhaubmem gnay akirfA aisA isnerefnoK

aragen kaynab ,uti aynasaj - helorepmem gnay akirfA aisA aragen

emek imalagnem gnay alup kaynab hisam ,ayngnayas numaN.aynnaakedr

malad nalidakaditek anerak ini taas iapmas nagnajnapekreb kilfnok

aragen iasaukid hisam gnay ,halasam nahacemep uata tauk aragen

A aisA nasawak irad kududnep kaynab ,alup ini asaj takreB.asaukida akirf

.aisenodnI naka lanegnem uata tagni alib onrakeoS naka apul kadit gnay

sabeb gnay iregen raul kitilop naknalajnem anuG - ainud malad fitka

umetreb nad aragen iagabreb ignujnugnem onrakeoS nediserP ,lanoisanretni

nipmimep nagned - ratna iD.aragen nipmimep vehcsurhK atikiN halada ayna


22

ortsaC lediF ,)takireS akiremA( ydenneK dlaregztiF nhoJ ,)teivoS inU(

asaM .)CRR( gnuT esT oaM ,)abuK( - kajes ialumid onrakeoS nahutajek asam

tabika ,6591 nuhat adap ,attaH .hoM nediserP likaW nagned "iarecreb" ai

id narudnugnep nagned habmatiD .aisenodnI nakitiloprep hacnak irad attaH ir

,aisenodnI kosolep hurules id idajret gnay sitarapes nakatnorebmep halmujes

malad id onrakeoS taubmem ,IKP/S 03 G nakatnorebmep ,aynkacnup nad

atic "ihunemem“ tapad kadit aynnatabaj asam - nab atic gnay aisenodnI asg

.arethajes nad rumkam 6

.C amaL edrO asaM adaP aisenodnI iregeN rauL kitiloP isautiS

asib aisenodnI iregen raul kitilop isautis amal edro asam adaP

halet aisenodnI asgnab igab irid itaj nairacnep asam iagabes nakatakid

orp utaus imalagnem pukuc nakatakiD .nakhalelem pukuc gnay ses

naakedramek isamalkorp aynnakgnadnamukid kajnemes anerak nakhalelem

kutnu lusuynem lusus gnilas ini asgnab sagut imed sagut ,aisenodnI kilbupeR

ageN napakgnelek nadab nanusuynep nagned ialumiD.nakiaseles id areges ,ar

aggnih raul utukes irad gnatad gnay nakatnorebmep sapmunem

,uti nialeS.iregen malad irad gnatad gnay nakatnorebmep nakiaseleynem

ilak aparebeb imalagnem tapmes nup aisenodnI nahatniremep irad kutneb

ed kutneb utaus nakujnunem aynrihka mulebes nahaburep itrepes isarkom

.gnarakes

aisenodnI naakedremek nad utukes adapek hareynem gnapeJ haleteS

5491 sutsuga 81 laggnat adap inkay aynhaletes irahes akam ,nakisamalkorpid

6 /gro.aidepikiw.di//:ptth /onrakeoS/ikiw/


32

rutkurts naksumurem kutnu naujutreb gnay IKPP gnadis utaus nakadaid

aimonokerep ,naaragenek nanahatrep ,n - .aynnial nahatniremep nad ,nanamaek

5491 nuhat aratna edoireP - laisnediserp kitilop metsis naknalajid 9491

9491 nuhat aratna nakgnades - numaN .retnemelrap isarkomed ukalreb 9591

iauses kadit itkubret tubesret metsis ataynret naknalaj id haletes nagned

atic nad naidabirpek - pukuc ini metsis nupualaw ,aisenodnI takaraysam atic

aragen id lisahreb - lucnum uti haletdes amal kadit naidumeK .nial aisA aragen

9591 aratna idajret gnay aisenodnI id nipmipret isarkomed asam - nagned 5691

ediserp tirked ilawaid .9591 iluJ 5 n

namacna kaynab aguj ini amal edro asam adap uti nialeS - gnay amaena

ATSEMREP ,IRRP ,IIT/ID nakatnorebmep irad ialum ,uti akitek idajret

edro asam id aisenodnI naadaek ayntilus apateB .IKPlS 03G awitsirep aggnih

les anerak ,uti utkaw adap amal surah aragen alapek iagabes onrakeoS nia

nanamaek satilibats padahret idajret gnay namacna kutneb alages agajnem

alages sapmunem nad agajnem surah aguj ,iregen raul irad ayngnatad gnay

tahilem haleteS .iregen malad irad ayngnatad gnay nakatnorebmep kutneb

awitsirep irad - haubes kiratid tapad tubesret amal edro asam awitsirep

kiab gnay nahatniremep utaus iapacnem kutnu ataynret awhab nalupmisek

kaynab adA.gnapmag kadit nad ahasureb surah naknialem gnapmag kadit

a aggnih ini asgnab iulalid surah gnay nagnatnir asam iapacnem tapad aynrihk

.gnarakes itrepes isamrofeR 7

7 /moc.arihaenna.www//:pttH /amal/edro/kitilop/


42

III BAB

FITKA SABEB IREGEN RAUL KITILOP PESNOK

ATTAH DAMMAHOM TURUNEM

gnay aisenodnI iregen raul kitilop tafis halada fitka nad sabeB

rep malad taumid ulales ripmah numaN .hatniremep imser naatayn kadit

id hisam fitka nad sabeb atak gnakaleb id aguj gnaraj nagned nakhabmat

tafis - iD .emsilairepmi itna nad emsilainolok itna aynlasim nial gnay tafis

kilbupeR iregeN rauL kitiloP naanaskaleP igetarts anacner nemukod malad

4891 nuhat aisenodnI - IR iregen raul iretnem helo kaparetid halet gnay 9891

1 ieM 91 laggnat :halada iregeN rauL kitilop tafis awhab naksalejid ,389

.1 sabeb ,fitka sabeB - naakubmep tapmeek aenila helo isadnalid fitka ainud nabitretek nakanaskalem malad atres turut aisenodnI“ 54 DUU nalidaek nad ,idaba naiamadrep ,naakedremek nakrasadreb gnay

laicos ”. .2 DUU naakubmep helo isadnalid emsilainolok itna ,emsilainolok itnA

anerak imub akum id naksupahid surah nahajajnep amatrep aeila 54.nalidaek irep nad naaisunamek irep nagned iauses kadit

.3 nagnitnepek adap isatneiro ,lanoisaN nagnitnepek adapek idbagneMn atames iregen raul kitilop nakajibek lanoisa - kutnu nakujutid atam

.asgnab nagnitnepek naiapacnep .4 naktapadnem surah hatniremep helo nasutupek alages ,sitarkomeD

.RPD irad naujutesrep 1

anerak fitka sabeb iregeN rauL kitilop tafis idajnem sataid lah tapmE

eP ,2 taya 1 lasaP malad id iumetid tapad IR iregeN rauL kitiloP naitregn

gnadnU - gnay iregeN rauL nagnubuH gnatnet 9991 nuhaT 73 .oN gnadnU

:halada aisenodnI kilbupeR kitiloP awhab naksalejnem

1 emsilainolok itna//gro.aidepikiw.www//:ptth


52

gnay aisenodnI kilbupeR hatniremeP hakgnaI nad ,pakis ,nakajibeK" libmaid

nad ,lanoisanretni isasinagro ,nial aragen nagned nagnubuh nakukalem malad

halasam ipadahgnem akgnar malad aynnial lanoisanretni mukuh keybus

raul kitilop halasir malad ".lanoisan naujut iapacnem anug lanoisanretni

alapek helo nususid gnay iregen nagnabmegnep nad naitilenep nadab

namialuS iluS iregeN rauL nemetrapeD iregeN rauL halasam )gnabtiL(

itna atres fitka sabeB aynah iregen raul kitilop tafis naktubeynem

.emsilairepmI itna nad emsilainoloK

tid ulrep akam ,namagaresek aynada muleb anerak helO naknake

atak awhab - iric ,atak - iric uata iric ,hasipret araces imahapid tafis nad iric iric

tafis atak nakgnades ,nenamrep hibel gnay tafis kutnu tubesid aynasaib sahk

habureb tapad gnay asaib tafis itra irebmem - anerak naikimed nagneD .habu

ologgnem silunep iric iagabes aynnakgn - itna nakgnades fitka sabeb kitilop iric

.tafis iagabes tubes id emsilairepmI itna nad emsilainolok

.A fitkA sabeB ankaM

nagned alibapa ,kiab gnaruk gnay ankam irebid tapad sabeb naatakreP

gnanewes nagned duskamid sabeb - dit nad gnanew .bawaj gnuggnatreb ka

iric nasalejnep malad ipateT - aynarik ,aisenodnI iregen raul kitilop iric

nikgnum inides tapad uti kiab gnaruk gnay isatonok malad sabeb naatakrep

kitilop nakub gnamenr aisenodnI iregen raul kitilop anerak ,nakgnipmasekid

eb kadit gnay iagabes nakisinifedid tapad sabeb ,idaJ .bawaj gnuggnatr

iridnes tapadnep nakataynem nad nakutnenem kutnu kitilop nasabebekreb


62

pait padahret - gnisam aynialin nagned iauses lanoisanretni nalaosrep pait -

.kolb utaus adapek kahimem iroirpa apnat gnisam 2

itiloP sabeb gnay iregen raul k - aud gnudnagnem fitka rusnu :utiay

.1 "B atkaf uata retilim narila malad tabilret kadit nakitraid aynasaib "sabe .nigniD gnareP iric nakapurem gnay raul nataukek nagned nanahatrep

unem sabeb gnay irgen raul kitilop saul hibel itra malaD takgnit nakkujn nagnutnagretek uata natabilretek kalonem gnay ,iggnit gnay emsilanoisan

.aisenoodnI nataluadek ignarugnem tapad gnay raul kahip padahret .2 “A fisap halkadit aisenodnI iregen raul kitilop awhab nakujnunem ”fitk

arten pakis libmagnem aynah nad nnahalasamrep ipadahgnem malad l - tutnunem salej araces 54 UU naakubmeP .lanoisanretni nahalasamrep nakjamem tuki nad nahajajnep kutneb alages gnatnenem kutnu aisenodnI

.ainud naiamadrep

paggnaid lawa kajes ini fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop irad nirtkoD

naraggnalep aggnihes ,huget gnagepid surah gnay lanoisan nemtimok iagabes

raul kitilop nagneD .majat gnay kitirk gnadnugnem tubesret nirtkod padahret

id raseb pukuc gnay nanarep nakniamem aisenodnI fitka sabeb iregen

edaked aud malad lanoisanretni gnuggnap aisenodnI .naakedramek amatrep

aragen gnalaggnem turut - ayad naktakgninem kutnu akirfA nad aisA aragen

aragen rawat - isanimod id gnay labolg narutacrep malad gnabmekreb aragen

.teivooS inU nad takireS akiremA 3

.B attaH nanipmimepeK nad laroM

ek daba adaP -2 ,laromreb gnay aisenodnI nipmimep hakada hisam 1

fitka gnay akerem helo urit id nad tagni id ulrep gnay ada gnamem akij

nad nakajibek ,nataubrep ,pakis tagnignem ulrep akerem ,inik asam kitilopreb

oeS .aynlarom nagned natiakreb gnay attaH dammahoM isatoper gnar

ikilimem uata ,hakgnal nakutnenem malad natakec ajas asib nipmimep

2 /ra.gro.aidepolkisne.www//:pttH /iregen/raul/kitilop/ 3 "attaH gnuB" .K.rathcoM ulneM ,taykaR narikiP 81 402 .lah ,NX ek nhT 843.on 0891 teraM


72

helo atub ibabmem araces gnukudid nakhab uata tukignep kaynab

gnaroes akij numaN .aynlarom nimajnem muleb aumes uti ipatet ,takaraysam

it gnay larom nakilimepek irad takgnareb nipmimep husum itsap ,iggn

.hantif nagned ilaucek kitukreb tapad kat aynkitilop

attaH halada ,atik aisenodnI naakedramek rotamalkorp gnaroes halas

iggnit larom naktahilrepmem asaitnanes gnay ,akgnal gnay nipmimep gnaroes

nupuam idabirp araces kiab ,karegreb malad malad nad takaraysamreb malad

kajeS .nadalet irus halada ai inik nad ulud kitilop ainud malaD .kitilopreb

radas attaH .onrakuS nagned nagnadnap adebreb ialum halet ai 0391 nuhat

ai akam ,anibid ulrep hisam atik takaraysam nad asgnab kitilop malad awhab

nup .aisenodnI lanoisaN nakididneP nakiridnem nagned hotnoc irebmem

.redak iatrap idajnem ayniatraP

kididnem ahasureb attaH ,nipmipreT isarkomeD asam malaD

licek rusorb iulalem takaraysam - atiK isarkomeD nial aratna - upmam raga

hakgnal irajalepmem - kuS hakgnal atic irad gnapmiynem gnay onra - atic

ikseM .surul nagned aynnakakumegnem tapad ai ipatet ,atik isarkomed

mirignem itneh gnujnuk kat attaH ipatet ,uti rusorb sugnarebmem onrakuS

habugnem raga tahesan nad narujna isireb gnay onrakuS adapek tarus

,aynnairidnep atic adap ilabmek ai raga nad - malaD .alumes naakedramek atic

.onrakuS irid itra naklicegnem nakhecelem hanrep kat attaH ,uti ayntahesan

.larom nad laka nakrasadreb salej kitilopreb malad .attaH pakiS

ynlasim ,aynkitilop nairidnep naknahatrepmem attaH araC ai akij a

ayngnatnenem naka ai ,rajaw kadit gnay kitilop tapadnep haubes paggnagnem


82

onelp gnadis taas adap racnapret sarek gnay aynpakis hotnoC .sarek nagned

asam id nemelrap itnaggnep iagabes( tasuP aisenodnI lanoisaN etimoK

akaraggneles id gnay )isulover teraM 5 aggnih iraurbeF 52 adap gnalaM id n

.7491 4

4 .opmeT namaZ iuapmaleM gnaY kajeJ :attaH 361 .lah ,atrakaJ .0102 . - 661


92

VI BAB

TURUNEM FITKA SABEB IREGEN RAUL KITILOP ISATNEMELPMI

ATTAH DAMMAHOM

ignakaleb ratalid fitkA nad sabeB iregeN rauL kitilop pisnirp napareneP

majat gnay nagniasrep isautis nakatpicnem gnay II ainuD gnareP aynidajret helo

egehid gnay taraB kolB aratna helo rumiT kolB nad takireS akiremA helo inom

naknahatrepmem gnades gnay urab aragen haubes iagabes aisenodnI .teivoS inU

tubesret kolb audek narasas irad sapelret kadit aynnataluadek nad naakedremek

ap ,noitusaN .H.A turuneM .aynhuragnep nakrabeynem kutnu isisop uti taas ad

gnay urab aragen nakapurem aisenodnI kahip utas iD .tipejret nakaes aisenodnI

id numaN .naakedremek naknahatrepmem kutnu nalaosrep ipadahgnem gnades

nanaket imalagnem gnades citsemod halasam nial kahip - nakukalid gnay nanaket

iatraP helo gnatnenem gnay niddufirayS rimA nanipmip aisenodnI sinumoK

gnay nagnatnetrep IKP nagnadnap turuneM .aisenodnI hatniremep naanaskajibek

,ainud isulover irad naigab halada aisenodnI igab isulover idaj kolb aud aratna ada

hip id adareb halsurah aisenodnI akam .raneb nakataynid asib urab teivoS inU ka

attaH dammahoM turunem fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop irad napareneP

nakuB .kahimem kadit fisap gnay "larten" kitilop halnakub fitka sabeb kitilop ,ini

bmekrep irad irid nakhuajnem uata "uca kat" gnay kitilop alup nad nagna

iagabes aynah alup nakub ,gnabmies karaj libmagnem uata ainud nahalasamrep

ini taas adap )PINAK( tasuP aisenodnI lanoisaN etimoK gnadis malaD .hagnenep

pisnirp nakakumegnem halet attaH gnuB - raul kitilop nakanaskalem kutnu pisnirp


03

nI aragen iregen raneb gnay aisenod - gnay lanoisan nagnitnepek rasad sata raneb

sabeb aragen adapek kahimem apnat lanoisan nagnitnepek nakagenem turut

esopske nakapurem ,rahtcoM ulnem turunem ,ini attaH gnuB narikimeP .nupanam

irad gnalmag nad saget salej gnay ilak amatrep rasad adap - raul kitilop rasad

noN idajnem gnabmekreb naidumek nad fitkA sabeB iregen - .klob

anamid gnay )PINAK PB( tasuP aisenodnI lanoisaN etimoK nadaB iraD

kilbupeR helo libma id gnay iregeN rauL kitilop sirag ianegnem aynnhalasamrep

uti siraG .aisenodnI sabeb sirag halada - halas adapek kahimem kadit utiay ,fitka

nanipmip hawabid tarab kolb utiay uti utkaw adap igoloedi kolb aud irad utas

naka aisenodnI .teivoS inU nanipmip hawabid rumiT kolB nad takires akiremA

muynem tapad gnay iridnes aynsirag nakutnenem aynnimajret adapek gnab

pait nataluadek - .ainud naiamadrep aynkutnebret nad aragen pait 1

sabeb kitilop sutecnep nakapurem attaH gnuB awhab itkuB - kaynab fitka

: attaH gnuB ukub luduj utas halas aynhotoc ukub luduj iulalem nakgnautid

aud aratna iD gnuyadneM" sabeb gnay pakis anerak ,"nagnaraK - id gnay fitka

aud aratna id gnuyadnem ulales gnay ,attaH dammahoM irad rasad pakis anam

naurugrep id iduts nakiaseleynem nasurahek aratna id :aynpudih malad nagnarak

op nagnaujrep malad tabilret kutnu nabijawek nad iggnit aisenodnI kutnu kitil

nad aynraseb agraulek adapek aynnagnitnepek nad tamroh aratna id ,akedrem

nad isarepok kitilop nahilip aratna id anrupirap toirtap idajnem kutnu naliggnap

non - hinrej nad sarek gnay aynkimelop malad tahilret anamiagabes isarepok

nagned gnay kitilop satilibom nad kitilop nakididnep aratna id nad ,onrakeoS

1 ugaB drakiR s . .3002 .attaH gnuB 171 .lah ,atrakaJ


13

nakbabeynem gnay urab INP nad odnitraP igetarts naadebrep kokop idajnem

alages sata id sigart gnilap gnaY .nalaj rakutreb aynrihka uti kitilop iatrap audek -

tilus nahilip halada aynalag laggnut iwD nahutuek naknahatrepmem kutnu

onrakeoS - uata lanoisan nanipmimepek naktamaleynem uti arac nagned nad ,attaH

pisnirp itukignem malad rawanem rawat apnat pakis - nakutnenem gnay pisnirp

kadit irad satilarom .aynkitilop kudnat

ep gnaroes halada attaH itah nad narikip turunem kadnitreb gnay nipmim

gnapmunem gnanes uata naadaek naaskap turunem aynnakub nad ,ayninarun

gnaroes halada aguj attaH .natapmesek helo nakirebid gnay naanikgnumek

abocnem ai agnihes ,sitamgarp tagnas aguj nad silaedi gnay nipmimep kutnu

naknabrognem surah apnat fitka nad sabeb gnay iregen raul kitilop naknalajnem

kutneb alages kalonem aisenoodnI kahip utas iD .lanoisan imonoke nagnitnepek

id gnisa retilim nalakgnap naridahek igalapa raul nataukek nagned retilim isnaila

nodnI hayaliw amasajrek aynatpicret gnorodnem aguj attaH kahip nial iD .aise

aragen nagned imonoke - .hajajnep sakeb aragen nagned kusamret ,nial aragen

neD id radnuB ajeM isnerefnoK iulalem iapacid hunep naakedramek haleteS

raga nigni attaH ,9491 rebmeseD nalub adap gaaH kutnu irihkaid isulover anasaus

nad nugnabmem kutnu aisenodnI takaraysam adapek natapmesek irebmem

adap aynnaitahrep naksukofmem attaH .asgnab napudihek nakujamem

nakirebmem tapad raga lanoiseforp nad hanama araces aragen naalolegnep

ysam adapek nanayalep .takara

kitilop nirkod huget gnagemem patet aisenodnI imser araces nupualaW

kutnu ini aragen igab tilus gnamem aynkapnat ,fitka nad sabeb gnay iregeN rauL


23

luteb amales nigniD gnareP kilfnok malad tabilret kadit nad karaj agajnem luteb

halebret hisam ainud nupikseM .nanawalreb gnay kolb aud malad erte'd nosiar

iridnes nalaj nakutnenem kutnu nanigniek halada fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop

.lanoisanretni narutacrep malad 2

nakharaid ayniridnes nagned fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop naanaskaleP

m satiroirp adap amas ajrek naktakgninem atres naknamagnem nad nakayapugne

aragen nagnukud nad - nadab atres tabahas aragen - igab lanoisanretni nadab

nakayapugnem sugilakes nad lanoisan naimonokerep nahilumep natapecrep

ek nad daket padahret lanoisanretni naayacrepek aynhilup nahatniremeP naupmam

taas ipadah aisenodnI gnades gnay lanoisnemiditlum sisirk isatagnem kutnu urab

nagnatnetrep aynlucnum halada iadapsawid ulrep gnay ini natiak malaD .ini

nenopmok aratna id ispesrep - lanoisan usi iagabreb ianegnem asgnab nenopmok

ub gnay tapad nakhab ,ainud atam id aisenodnI artic kurubrepmem aynah nak

.asgnab nahutuek macnagnem

alup sapelret kadit ini fitka sabeb iregeN rauL kitiloP naparenep malaD

narikimep aynaratna id gnadib iagabreb irad - gnatnet attaH dammahoM narikimep

aH ,naasgnabeK isarkomeD ,nataykareK imonokE ,isarkomeD ,aisunaM isasA k

:aynisatnemelpmi nupada ,nakididneP nad laisoS

.A naasgnabeK

sivitka nad ,aynadum aisu kajes rajalepret tagnas gnay gnaroes iagabeS

gnaujrep malad )nupma atnim uata( hareynem lanek kat gnay kitilop attaH ,aynnag

nanipmimepek malad nakgnutnugnem gnaruk gnay nakareg nakiskaynem ialum

2 ,dibI 562 .lah


33

takeraS ,uti taas riA hanaT id rasebret iatrap auD .uti utkaw silanoisan nakareg

nad lakidar nikam )IKP( aisenodnI sinumoK iatraP nad IISP naidumek ,)IS( malsI

nakarauynem .laikorap igoloedi

imed nipmimep adapek oebmem nakisidnok id taykar alib akus kadit attaH

id surah nipmimep nasutupek utauses alages aggnihes nipmimep nagnitnepek

hatnirep amirenem uhat aynah ayntaykar gnay arageN" .alerakus nagned amiret

hanrep kadit nad atak",ayniregen hatniremep rutagnem uata nakitahremem turut

asar nagned uti nauamek nakukalem kadit nad nauamek ikilinrem kadit" ,attaH

agrah naka faysni hanrep naka kadit taykar naikimed akiJ ".hunep bawaj gnuggnat

dum ai aggnihes ,aynnataluadek nad irid nad apa naasaukek hawab ek kudnut ha

sadnitret patet naka taykar ,akedrem aisenodnI alib" utigeb nagneD .ajas apais

".asaukreb gnay gnaro helo

"naasgnabek" macam agit nakiskaynnem attaH ,aynnatamagnep malaD

naleB aidniH id gnabmekreb gnay emsilanoisan uata nad uti utkaw adap ad

iric nad naasgnabek sinej agiT .lasrevinu alajeg nakapurem ayninikay id aynagitek

gnisam irad - :halai ,iridnes aynasahab malad gnisam

.1 targgnin pac naasgnabeK

naajarek namaz iraD .iridnes aynnagnolog turunem naasgnabek rukugneM

mas ulud kusamret )nawasgnab( targnin muak ,adnaleB nahajajnep namaz iap

taykar awhab itregnem tagnas adnaleB asaugneP .hatniremem gnay nagnolog

helo hatnirepid hadum hibel aisenodnI ,nedfooH ehcsdnalnI alapek utiay - alapek

ad ,idaJ .aynmulebes asaukreb gnay imubirp muak narikip mala nakaynabek mal


43

ualak awhab asarem gnay ,"targnin pac" naasgnabek awij manatret ,targnin

.asaukreb kahreb gnay halakerem ,akedrem hadus aisenodnI

.2 keletni pac naasgnabeK

akij awhab nagnadnapreb gnay , "targnin pac" nagned pirim ini mahaP

nI id naka gnay halakerem ,aynnaakedramek iapacnem taas utaus aisenod

nahatniremep id kudud gnay gnaro ,akerem igaB .asaukreb kutnu naksatiroirp

nakuB .iridnes aynnapakacek anerak naknialem ,nanurutek anerak nakub

urab nawasgnab ipatet ,harad anerak nawasgnab .napakacek nad kato anerak

nakukalrepmem "targnin pac" nagned aynlah itrepes ,"keletni pac" naasgnabeK

.keletni muak "sakakrep" iagabes taykar

.3 taykar pac naasgnabeK

pac" naasgnabek nakuB .akgnal gnay epit halada ini naasgnabek mahaP

lup nakub nad "keletni haluti ,"taykar pac" naasgnabek naknialem ,"targnin pac" a

awij nad nadab halada taykar aneraK .nugnab id surah gnay attaH turunem

.asgnab utaus tajared aynhadner iggnit naruku idajem gnay haltaykaR .asgnab

ik taykar nagned nad kian naka atik taykar nagneD .nurutnaka at

anerak ,kinu gnay attaH naumet halada taykar pac naasgnabek pesnoK

nakapurem uti atak audeK ."nataykarek" irad nakhasipid asib kadit "naasgnabek"

nad safan nakirat utas malad rasadnem gnilap gnay attaH narikimep ritub

umes isatnilem sugilakes ,naakedramek ,nautasrep gnatnet attaH nasagag a

kusamret ,nial gnay aynkitilop nasagag halmujes nad imonoke isarkonred

.isasiredak


53

.B aisunaM isasA kaH

lautpesnok narikimep isubirtnok nakirebmem gnay kosos halada attaH

adA .)MAH( aisunam isasa kah lahirp gnay omotU iduB narikimep aguj

hurules nakub awaJ gnaro MAH adap satabret ipatet ,MAH naksadnalreb

kajes MAH nad isarkomed ,mukuh rasad nakatelem halet attaH .aisenodnI

nalidagnep naped id ,akedreM aisenodnI ,ayniodielP .adnaleB id awsisaham

dnaleB iregen nad nasadninep sata aynirid nanawalrep nakitkubmem 8291 adap a

tubesret pisnirp nad narikimeP .adnaleB aidniH nahajaj taykar naanihretek

hokot akitek IKPUPB gnadis malad attaH nakgnaujrepid netsisnok - lanoisan hokot

.5491 DUU haksan naksumurem

,amatreP taH isarkomed arageN amatu rasad katelep iagabes at

ialin naratat kitkarp malad kiab ,lanoisutitsnok - kitkarp nupuam ialin

.aynnaagabmelek ,audeK lubmit gnay igoloedi kilfnok nakiaseleynem upmam

asa rutagnem aynmalad id gnay atrakaJ magaiP aynnaktapmetid tabika nanahutek s

kulemep igab malsI tairays naknalajnem nabijawek malad" - iagabes "aynkulemep

iagabes kapmat attaH inis iD .5491 DUU 922 lasap nad 5491 DUU naakubmep

aumes igab mukuh naamasrep adap ucagnem nagned itajes isarkomed tunagnep

kusamret aragen agraw .amagareb nasabebek naktapadnem kutnu MAH nanimaj

,agiteK etimoK " iynubreb gnay 5491 rebotkO 61 adap X tamulkaM aynrihal

tuki nagned fitalsigeL nadaB idajnem )PINAK( tasuP aisenodnI lanoisaN

helo iautekid gnay ajrekep nadab kutneb id nad ,NHBG nakpatenem natuS

agabmel lortnok apnat nalajreb nahatniremep alib tahilem attaH ".rirhajS

naka hatniremep akam ,NHBG nusuynem isgnufreb gnay amaturet ,fitalsigel


63

pesnok ikilimem attaH apateb nakkujnunem ini atkaF .tulosba araces nalajreb

med lanoisutitsnok naaragenek .atayn nataubrep nagned aragen uata sitarko

,tapmeeK sasa isireb gnay 5491 rebmevoN 1 kitilop otsefinaM aynrihaL -

kitamolpid nagnaujrep nalisahrebek malad namodep nakidajid gnay aragen sasa

aynnaasaukek helorepmem kutnu ilabmek ahasureb gnay adnaleB nawalem sata id

nakkagenem kutnu taket halada aynisi utas halaS .araggneT aisA id nahajaj sakeb

sasa - isapisitrap ,isnarapsnart pukacnem kiab gnay nahatniremep lasrevinu sasa

nakrelupopid halet uti narikimep agiteK .nabaw ,jgnuggnatrep nad ,takaraysam

agabes attaH .uti otsefinam i ,amileK irebmem aguj 5491 rebmevoN 1 otsefinaM

raga akubret gnay natapmesek irebmem nagned raul irad naasaukek nasabebek

aragen nad asgnab nagnabmekrep iapacnem kutnu ahasureb hatniremep

es gnay utkaw malad lanoisanretni nanatat nakdujuwem takgnis - ayntakgnis

kah ianegnem .BBP isaripsa nagned iauses taykar kitnetua kah ,maneeK attaH

malad nakukalid gnay 5491 rebmevoN 3 hatniremeP tamulkaM nakraulegnem

isapisitrap nakulrepid nad aisenodnI kilbupeR isnetsiske naknahatrepmem akgnar

rad saul gnay takaraysam nasipal arages i ,hujuteK irad nalusu iujuteynem attaH

ek liisnediserp nahatniremep metsis nahaburep gnatnet PINK ajrekeP nadaB

lasap taumem kadit 54 DUU nasala nagned rirhajS helo iautekid gnay retnemelrap

ggnatrep gnaralem uata nakbijawem gnay nad ,iretnem takgnit id nabawaj gnu

arac utas halas nakapurem )RPM( PINAK ek nabawajgnuggnatrep awhab

.taykar nataluadek nakkagenem

,napaledeK natuS iautek id gnau iretneM anadreP agabmel kutnebmem

lasap malad lanek id kadit aynmulebes nad rirhajS - id lasap inI .5491 DUU


73

irihkagnem nagned isasitarkomed hara ujunem attaH ahasu nakujnunem

.satilatot tulosba naasaukek ,nalibmeseK aisenodnnI isagiled ilikawem attaH

BMK irad lisaH .9491 nuhat gaaH neD id )BMK( radnuB ajeM isnerfnoK malad

n aynkutnebret halada uti nagned )SIR( takireS aisenodnI kilbupeR isaredeF arage

kutnu halada SIR UU irad lojnonem gnay laH .SIR amasreb urab isutitsnok

MAH lasrevinU isaralkeD aynhunepes amirenem aisenodnI asgnab ilak amatrep

jnunem inI .8491 adap BBP helo nakisaralkedid gnay gnay attaH awhab naku

.MAH nagnaujrep malad ujam narikipreb tagnas ,hulupeseK naadebrep aynada

nahagnetrep naragen alolegnem malad attaH nad onrakeoS aratna nagnadnap

0591 nuhat - kadit gnay aynkitilop nawal nakrikgniynem ialum onrakeoS .na

aH aratnemes ,naulahes nanugnabmep nad mukuh rasad naknakenem hibel att

.taykar naarethajesek imed imonoke

.C isarkomeD

upmutreb gnay isarkomed kalonem ai ,isarkomed gnatnet attaH narikimeP

imalagnem hanrep aisenodnI awhab alup iuhatekid halet ,ladoef nagnitnepek adap

k harajes ajar nanipmimepe - upmutreb gnay isarkomed kalonem aguj .attaH .ajar

amaga nagnolog sadninem gnay amaga nagnolog utas nagnitnepek isanimod adap

kutnebret aporE akitek nahagnetreP dabA id gnusgnalreb hanrep itrepes ,aynnial

.amaga ratna nagnarepep malad

igaB naksapelem kutnu gnitnep paggnaid uti akitek emsilaudividni attaH

isanimod nad emsiladoef itrepes ,aisunam nataub nagnukgnuk irad aisunam awij

,aisunam atpic ayad nakhubmunem kutnu gnitnep emsilaudividnI .amaga

m gnay igolonket gnabmekreb hubmut aggnihes iraD .irtsudni isulover ucume


83

attaH halini tudus aI .tikgnab nakamatugnem gnay isarkomed kalonem

muak ,naidumek takaraysam nagnabmekrep malad anerak ,emsilaudividni

d naktaafnamem asib tapec gnilap gnay kahip halada ladomreb itrepes isarkome

nataukek ada kadit alib hubmut asib ,silatipak ,ladomep muak naD .ini

nanimod hubmut hibel gnay ,naikimed nagneD .aynirid padahret gnabmignep

.iridnes silatipak muak halada ini silatipak isarkomed malad 3

iab nagned nalajreb tapad isarkomeD bawaj gnuggnat asar ada alibapa ,k

nipmimep adapek isnarelot nad - ,naakedramek naalumrep adaP .kitilop nipmimep

raneb aynbawaj gnuggnat asarem gnaro ,5491 sutsugA 71 isamalkorP haduses -

elo iukaid uti naakedramek haletes ipateT .anaskalret nad nalajreb raneb hurules h

rihka adap gaaH neD id radnuB ajeM isnerefnoK adapirad lisah iagabes ,ainud

tarays nakapulem gnaro ,9491 nuhat - id isarkomed nugnabmem kutnu tarays

.kitkarp malad 4

.D nataykareK imonokE

nakujagnem hibel attaH ,imonoke gnadib malad attaH pesnoK

ok isarkomed" ignipmadnem surah gnay "imonoke isarkomed" gnatnet aynispesn

nakhagnetegnem imonoke metsis malad nataykarek attaH turuneM ."kitilop

,kaynab gnaro pudih tajard aynsushk ,taykar nagnitnepek naamatuek ayngnitnep

aykar nataluadek adap rebmusreb gnay malad ,uti anerak helO .isarkomed uata t

isarkoto" ikadnehgnem kadit gnay imonoke isarkomed ukalreb imonoke metsis

isnesE ."kitiloP isarkoto" kalonem kitilop isarkomed alup anamiagabes ,"imonoke

irad hibeL .isapisname nad isapisitrap halada isarkomed irad nup attaH uti

3 ziraflA namlaS a. takgniS ifargoiB :attaH dammahoM 2091 - .atrakajgoJ .9002 .0891 h 89 .la - 601 4 irS - isuaF ,idE kkd . asaM imonokE ,fitkA sabeB ,atiK isarkomeD :attaH dammahoM .napeD

.2991 J .atraka h 211 .la


93

naamasrebek mahap halada aynrasad aisenodni isarkomed awhab naksagenem

halada aynrasad gnay taraB isarkomed nagned adebreb gnay )ativitkelok(

gnotog pakis halada ini naamasrebek mahaP .emsilaudividni nad emsilarebil

gnolot gnilas gnay gnoyor - amasajrek nakamatugnem nad gnolonem

,)noitarepooc( rutluk halinI .)noititepmoc eerf( nagniasrep nakamatugnem nakub

adap attaH nakisalukitraid gnay awemitsI tagnas gnay aisenodnI isidart nad

.isutitsnok utiay iggnitret fitamron isaletsnok

ke isarkomed malaD nad "imonoke isapisitrap" alup ukalreb imono

sote halada imonoke nataigek malad fitka isapisitrapreB ."imonoke isapisname"

halini attaH imonoke isarkomeD .malsi helo ikadnehekid gnay fitkudorp ajrek

taykar awhab ,aynnataykarek mahap adap ankam irebmem gnay .taluadreb halada 5

.E laisoS isarkomeD

sata natabmej nakapurem laisos isarkomed awhab tapadnepreb attaH

.nial kahip id imonoke isarkomed nad kahip utas id kitilop isarkomed nakaltumek

omed halukalreb kitilop isarkomed halebes id :iridnes attaH naataynreP isark

nakapurem attaH aynlaisos isarkomed mahap awhab imahapid haleT .imonoke

halada sisetnis itrA .kitilop isarkomed nad imonoke isarkomed aratna sisetnis

rusnu awhab - isarkomed ialin gnudnagnem attaH aynlaisos isarkomed rusnu

imonoke isarkomed nad kitilop nadujuwrep kujnunem nial aratna attaH .

imonoto sasa nad taykar nataluadek sasa adap kitilop gnadib id laisos isarkomed

malad kapmat imonoke gnadib id laisos isarkomed nadujuwrep gnades ,haread

gen naimonokerep metsis naaraggneleynep sasa nad isarepok sasa anam id ara

5 .sabbA rawnA .malsI imonokE nad attaH gnuB 02 kkaJ .01 atra , h 8 .la - .9


04

rotkes - takaraysam hurules narumkamek awabmem naka gnay nakilimepek rotkes

mahap nakataynem hadum hibel atiK .aragen helo lortnokid nad iasaukid surah

.aynsuigiler emsilaisos mahap nakapurem attaH aynlaisos isarkomed

nemsilaisos ispesnok aynitrA ipatet ,sixram susuhk iricreb kadit attaH ay

harajes tahilem kutnu sisilana tala iagabes attaH nakanugid aynah emsixram

kalonem attaH emsilaisoS .nuhat nasutar hajajid hanrep gnay aynasgnab

h gnay emsilatipak inkay ,rasak tagnas gnay itra malad emsilatipak ayna

rusnu gnadeS .ladomreb salek nad hajajnep salek nakgnutnugnem fitkelok rusnu

nasagag ihuragnepmem atres turut malsI naraja nad aisenodnI takaraysam malad

.aynsuigiler emsilaisos 6

.F nakididneP

tnepret gnay lah nakapurem nakididnep attaH gnuB turuneM malad id gni

halet attaH gnuB nuhat tapme urab aisureb akitek ,lamrof kadit araceS .aynpudih

akiteK .rapmautaB irad huaj kadit katelret gnay hubmukayaP id halokesreb

dirum idajnem imser ai halurab ,nuhat amil paneg aynaisu loohcS leborF gnuB .

upmenem attaH id nakididnep h loohcS eregaL eeporuE halokes takgnites ,SLE(

ai ,nuhat 41 aisureb attaH gnuB akitek ,6191 nuhat adaP .iggnittikuB id )rasad

dierbegtiU reeM ek kusam nad SLE id aynhalokes ukgnab naklaggninem hadus

trep hagnenem halokes ,OLUM( loohcS eregaL naidumek nad ,gnadaP id )ama

adaP .atrakaJ id )imonoke hagnenem halokes ,SMH( loohcS erabelddiM slednaH

hailuk libmagnem kutnu adnaleB ek takgnareb attaH 1291 sutsugA 3 laggnat

6 ppth //: /gro.aidepikiW.www /attaH dammahoM laisoS isarkomeD mahaP/


14

)imonoke ggnit halokes( loohcS eregoH siednaH id nagnagadrep imonoke nasuruj

id nasuruj ek hadnip ai ,adum anajras raleg helorepmem haleteS .madrettoR

.naaragenek imonoke

laggnit kadit attaH gnuB ,adnaleB iregen iD aI .maid gnubagreb areges

utiay ,anas id ada gnay awsisaham isasinagro nagned ereV ehcsidnI gnigin (

.8091 nuhat adap iridreb gnay ,)aisenodnI lasa rajalep naumetrep hadaw macames

amasreb halajam naktibrenem tubesret isasinagrO dnobreV hcsisenodnI gnay ,

arahadneb idajnem attaH gnuB haleteS .aretuP aidniH ayniamanid ehcsidnI

gniginereV iH halajam , awhab naktaraysignem uti laH .hila libmaid aretuP aidn

aduk gnasamem hadus tubesret isasinagro - nagned amas ajrekeb kadit kutnu aduk

non kitilop( adnaleB itarepook .)f habuid naidumek aretuP aidniH isasinagro amaN

em sugilakes gnay ,akedreM aisenodnI idajnem anam hara ek artic nakirebm

aman itnagreb aguj gniginereV ehcsidnI ,uti aratnemeS .uti isasinagro naujut

uti aman naidumek nuhat agiT .2291 nuhat adap gniginereV ehcsisenodnI idajnem

.aisenodnI nanupmihreP idajnem igal habuid

rikimep kosos nakapurem attaH napukac anerak isnemiditlum gnay

,imonoke ,nakididnep ,naasgnabek laos irad ialum ,magareb tama aynnarikimep

ini hawab id narikimep gnadib auD .aragen atat mukuh laos aggnih ,tafaslif

les attaH nagnaujrep lobmis idajnem gnay amatu narikimep kokop nakapurem ama

adap nad ,natiakreb gnilas tubesret narikimep gnadib audeK .aynpudih asam

,aisenodnI asgnab retkarak kutnebmem malad gnitnep narepreb aynnaataynek

kadit aynnarikimeP .isarkomed nad imonoke isarepok ianegnem narikimep utiay


24

,aynasam kutnu imahapid ajas napudihek kutnu taafnamreb kaynab aguj numan

.gnatadnem asam aggnih asgnab 7

7 /moc.sserpdrow.www//:ptth attaH dammahoM/


34

V BAB

NALUPMISEK

naklupmisid tapad akam sata id naiaru nakrasadreB ,awhab taL gnakaleb ra

oM narikimep dammah itilop gnatnet attaH aynfitka sabeb iregen raul k tapad

id harajes namalagnep nad aynnakididnep helo ihuragnep . araces nakididneP

kutnebmem sitamoto .sadrec gnay gnaroes idajnem attaH dammahoM rikip alop

kolb utas halas gnukudnem uata kahimem aisenodnI aragen uam kadit attaH

gnay aragen haubes idajnem tapad surah aisenodnI .asaukida aragen aynsusuhk

si iauses nalidaek nad ainud nabitretek agajnem tapad DUU naakubmep irad i

,akam kolb utas halas gnukudnem ,uti utkaw adap aisenodnI aragen akiJ .5491

gnay kolb utas halas irad husum naktapadanem sitamoto araces aisenodnI asgnab

pakisreb kutnu hilimem aisenodnI aragen attaH turunem uti irad akaM .gnukud id

en .lart

,awhab kitilop gnadnap tudus irad takgnareB beb iregeN rauL kitilop fitka sa

.tapet gnilap asarid attaH dammahoM turunem awhab nakakumegnem attaH

nigni gnay adnaleB iserga ipadahgnem hisam uti taas adap gnay aragen iagabes

remek acsap hajajnem ilabmek gnay isautis adap nakpadahid aisenodnI ,naaked

kolb nagned gnubagreb ini asgnab nigni irik kopmoleK .sitamelid nad tilus

adnaleB nawalem nagnaujrep taukrepmem kutnu ,taraB itna tagnas gnay sinumoK

imep arap aratnemeS .taraB kolb irad atoggna nakapurem gnay silanoisan nipm

apanek nasala halinI .sinumok iasaukid aisenodnI nigni kadit ,rirhajS nad attaH


44

kolb adapek kahimem kadit inkay ,hagnet nalaj libmagnem hatniremep aynrihka

.nupanam

helo nakukal id gnay fitka sabeb kitilop irad lisah uata aynisatnemelpmI

M n awabmem halet attaH dammaho kiab hibel gnay hara ek aisenodnI arage iD .

gnay aragen iagabes lanekid ialum aisenodnI lanaoisanretnI ainud atam

kadit padahret ritawahk asar aynada apnat,huget gnay nairidnamek iaynupmem

T .kolb utas halas irad nagnukud ada aisenodnI kolb utas halas gnukudnem apna

.gnabmekreb nad iridreb asib itkubret adapek nakitkubmem tapad halet aisenodnI

et aynaragen awhab lanoisanretnI ainud hret )larten( lida pakisreb hal pada

M .rumit kolb nagned tarab kolb ratna idajret gnay nauretesrep uti irad aka

asajreb tagnas fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop ianegnem attaH nasagag aynutnet

.kiab hibel gnay hara ek aisenodnI asgnab awabmem anerak


54

AKATSUP RATFAD

:ukuB rebmuS

.0102 .sabbA rawnA .malsI imonokE nad attaH gnuB .sapmoK :atrakaJ

R draki sugaB .3002 . .attaH gnuB .sapmok :atrakaJ

"attaH gnuB" .K.rathcoM ,taykaR narikiP .VIX ek nhT 843.on 0891 teraM 81

.sserP uyadI itnI :atrakaJ

aziraflA namalaS . .9002 2091 takgniS ifargoiB :attaH dammahoM - .0891

.isaraG:atrakajgoJ

.opmeT ukuB ireS .0102 .namaZ iuapmaleM gnaY kajeJ :attaH GPK :atrakaJ

)aidemarG relupoP naakatsupeK(

irS - onosawS idE kkd , .2991 . ,fitkA sabeB ,atiK isarkomeD :attaH dammahoM

.napeD asaM imonokE .aisenodnI satisrevinU :atrakaJ

:tenretnI rebmuS

/ra.gro.aidepolkisne.www//:pttH lirpA 5 laggnat adap seskaid /iregen/raul/kitilop/

1102

itna/lgro.aidepikiw.www//:ptth 1102 ieM 51 laggnat adap seskaid/emsilainolok

/moc.owobizuaF.www//:ptth 1102 sutsugA 5laggnat adap seskaid /hokoTUiforP/

/moc.topsgolb.www//:ptth aggnat adap seskaid /onrakeoS/ 102 iraunaJ 3l 2

seskaid /oiranuS/irtneM/otohPyrel1aG/ldi.oc.ulmek.www//:ptth 3 laggnat adap

2102 iraunaJ


64

oiranuS .rM .forP


74

onrakeoS .rI


84

SUBALIS

narajaleP ataM harajeS : nakididneP nautaS AMS :

saleK IIX : retsemeS 1 :

narajaleP nuhaT 3102/2102 : asgnab nagnaujrep iskurtsnokereM : isnetepmoK radnatS uraB edrO aynrihal aggnih isamalkorp kajes aisenodnI

isnetepmoK

rasaD iretaM P koko rajaleB namalagneP rotakidnI naialineP isakolA

utkaW /talA/ rebmuS

nahaB kinkeT kutneBnemurtsnI

nemurtsnI hotnoC

iskurtsnokereM nagnabmekrep

nad kitilop atres imonoke

nahaburep id takaraysam

malad aisenodnI isignem ayapu

naakedramek

nasagaGattaH dammahoM

gnatnet raul kitilopfitka sabeb iregen

1.1 gnakaleb ratal narikimep

dammahoMattaH .

2.1 P kitilo raul sabeb iregen turunem fitka

dammahoMattaH

.I nakukalem nagneDnaijak akatsup ,tenretni ,

,kopmolek isuksid aynat nad isatneserp

bawaj awsis nakparahid:tapad

.II 1.1 nakispirksedneM

ratal narikimep gnakaleb

attaH dammahoM raul kitilop gnatnet

.fitka sabeb iregen .I

2.1 ratal sisilanagneM narikimep gnakaleb

taH dammahoM at

3.1 pesnok sisilanagneM iregen raul kitilop turunem fitka sabeb

attaH dammahoM .

.1 :fitingoK

.a kudorP neM naksalej ratal

gnakaleb narikimep

ttaH dammahoM a kitilop gnatnet raul

gen e .fitka sabeb ir .b sesorP

neM nakisuksidrotkaf - tal rotkaf ra

gnakaleb narikimep

attaH dammahoM raul kitilop gnatnet

gen e .fitka sabeb ir

isakifitnedigneM raul kitilop pesnok

fitka sabeb iregen turunem

attaH dammahoM

.a seT

.b noNset

.a silutret seT

)naiaru( .b nasaguneP

.1 ratal naksaleJ

gnakaleb kitilop narikimep fitka sabeb

dammahoM?attaH

.2 isakifitnedigneM

kitilop pesnok sabeb iregen raul

mmahoM fitka a d?attaH

54x2tinem

rebmuS :ukuB .akirdaB nayaW I

.6002 harajeS salek AMS kutnu

.IIX :atrakaJaggnalrE

ziraflA namalaS .a

9002 dammahoM . ifargoiB :attaH

2091 takgniS -0891 :atrakajgoJ .

isaraG

irS - ,onosawS idE .2991 .lajdiR isuaF :attaH dammahoM

,atiK isarkomeD ,fitkA sabeB

asaM imonokEnapeD :atrakaJ .

satisrevinUaisenodnI


94

3.1 isatnemelpmI raul kitilop

sabeb iregen turunem fitka

dammahoM attaH

4.1 sisilanagneM kitilop isatnemelpmi sabeb iregen raul turunem fitka

attaH dammahoM

sisilanagneM isatnemelpmi irad

iregen raul kitilop fitka sabeb

.2 :fitkefA .a retkaraK .b M asar ikilime

nad irid ayacrep malad uhat nigni

nakiratselem iregen raul kitilop

fitka sebeb adapedrO asam amal

.c nalipmareteKlaisoS

iagrahgneMtapadnep namet

adebreb gnay gnatnet raul ktilopeb iregen fitka sab

.3 P :kirotomokis

rabmag iulaleM tapad awsis

hokot nakujnunem - asam adap hokot

mal edro .a

.3 nusuyneMelzzuP atnet gn

hokot - hokotaul kitilop r

sabeb iregenfitka

:talA tenretnI , kcalB

,ateP ,draoB,rabmaG ,DCL

d reweiV na

:nahaB ,tniop rewoP

,satrekrupak/lodips .

,atrakaygoY sutsugA 61 102 3

idutS gnadiB uruG

)anavrE adniL(


05

NARAJALEBMEP NAANASKALEP ANACNER

)PPR(

narajalep atraM harajeS :

retsemeS/saleK 2 /IIX :

naaumetreP 1 :

utkaW tinem 54x2 :

.I isnetepmoK radnatS

sisilanagneM aynrihal aggnih isamalkorp kajes aisenodnI asgnab nagnaujrep

.uraB edrO

.II rasaD isnetepmoK

agneM sisilan nagnabmekrep kitilop nahaburep atres imonoke nad

naakedramek isignem ayapu malad aisenodnI id takaraysam .

.III rotakidnI :

.A :fitingoK

.1 kudorP

.a attaH dammahoM narikimep gnakaleb ratal naksalejneM .

.b fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop pesnok naksalejneM

oM turunem attaH dammah .

.c i naksalejneM sabeb iregen raul kitilop irad isatnemelpm

fitka .


15

.2 sesorP

.a nagned fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop nakgnidnabmeM

fitka sabeb mulebes iregen raul kitilop

.B :fitkefA

.1 retkaraK

.a ialin itayahgneM irad irid ayacrep abeb iregen raul kitilop s

.amaL edrO asam adap fitka

.b nagnaujrep tagnames ialin itayahgneM malad

kah nakanaskalem - .aisunam isasa kah

.c ria hanat atniC itah hunepes aler kutnu nabrokreb nagned

.aragen nad asgnab

.d emsitoirtaP gnatnap ,inareb gnay pakis nakakumegnem

eb aler nad hareynem .aragen nad asgnab imed nabrokr

.2 laisoS nalipmareteK

.a nad tapadnep nakakumegnem inareb ,bawaj gnuggnatreB

m utas malad adebreb gnay namet tapadnep iagrahgne

nutnas gnay pakis nagned kopmolek iretam gnatnet ,

atres imonoke nad kitilop nagnabmekrep sisilanagnem

isignem aayapu malad aisenodnI id takaraysam nahaburep

.naakedremeek

.C kirotomokisP

.a hokot agit nakkujnunem tapad awsis rabmag itamagnem nagneD

.fitka sebeb iregen raul kitolop naanaskalep malad gnitnep


25

.I narajalebmeP naujuT

.A : fitingoK

.1 kudorP

.a tapad awsiS ejnem naksal narikimep gnakaleb ratal

attaH dammahoM .fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop gnatnet

.b sabeb iregen raul kitilop pesnok naksalejnem tapad awsiS

attaH dammahoM turunem fitka .

.c raul kitilop irad isatnemelpmi naksalejnem tapad awsiS

fitka sabeb iregen turunem .attaH dammahoM

.2 sesorP

.a nakispirksednem tapad awsiS narikimep gnakaleb ratal

attaH dammahoM .fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop gnatnet

.b iregen raul kitilop pesnok nakispirksednem tapad awsiS

.attaH dammahoM turunem fitka sabeb

.c nad nakispirksednem tapad awsiS sisilanagnem

.fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop isatnemelpmi

.B : fitkefA

.1 :retkaraK

.a kitilop irad ankam nad ialin itayahgnem upmam awsiS

.amaL edrO asam adap fitka sabeb iregen raul

.b malad iggnit gnay emsitoirtap asar ikilimem awsiS

irahes napudihek - .irah


35

.c awsiS malad iggnit gnay emsilanoisaN asar ikilimem

.takaraysamreb

.2 :laisoS nalipmareteK

.a tapadnep iagrahgnem upmam awsiS namet kitilop gnatnet

.fitka sabeb iregen raul

.b .nines irah pait aredneB aracapu malad atres tuki awsiS

.3 : kirotomokisP

.a ujnunem tapad awsiS k s nak gnatnet rabmag utas hala

hokot - .amal edro asam adap hokot

.II narajalebmeP iretaM )ripmalret(

.1 raul kitilop gnatnet attaH dammahoM narikimep gnakaleb rataL

.fitka sabeb iregen

.a .attaH dammahoM pudih tayawiR

.b hokoT - beb iregen raul kitilop malad narepreb gnay hokot sa

.fitka

.c amal edro asam adap aisenodnI iregen raul kitilop isautiS .

.2 .attaH dammahoM turunem fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop pesnoK

.a fitka sabeb ankaM

.b attaH nanipmimepek nad laroM

.3 isatnemelpmI dammahoM turunem fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop

.attaH

.a asgnabeK na

.b aisunaM isasA kaH


45

.c isarkomeD

.d nataykareK imonokE

.e laisoS isarkomeD

.f nakididneP

.III narajalebmep edoteM nad ledoM

.A narajalebmeP ledoM :

atakedneP n )LTC( gninraeL dna gnihcaeT lautxetnoC d epit nagne

.wasgiJ

.B :edoteM

.bawaj aynaT nad isatnesreP ,isuksiD ,hamareC

.VI geK :rajagnem rajaleb natai

.A hakgnaL - utiay naigab aparebeb itupilemsalek id narajalebmephakgnal

:nial aratna

nataigeK utkaW

.1 lawA nataigeK

.a :ispesrepA ,isatnesrep ,aod nagned nataigek akubmeM

.salek napaisek kecegnem nad

.b : isavitoM G net bawaj aynat nakukalem uru kitilop gnat

.amaL edrO asam adap fitka sabeb iregen raul

.c : isatneirO G g nakirebmem uru gnatnet takgnis narabma

kitilop .amaL edrO asam adap fitka sabeb iregen raul

tineM 02

.2 itnI nataigeK

isarolpskE :

.1 awsis adapek mumu araces narabmag naksalejnem uruG

nem ,attaH dammahoM narikimep gnakaleb ratal ianeg

isatnemelpmi nad fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop pesnok


55

.fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop irad

.2 4 malad awsis igabmem uruG kopmolek kopmolek paites.

irad iridret 6-7 tapadnem kopmolek paites awsis gnaro

os iretam adebreb la

:laos naidnU

)1 1 naidnu utraK

sabeb iregen raul kitilop aynkutnebret gnakaleb rataL

fitka .

)2 2 naidnu utraK

gnatnet attaH dammahoM narikimep aynlucnuM

.fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop

)3 3 naidnu utraK

D ma sabeb iregen raul kitilop isatnemelpmi irad kap

.fitka

)4 5 naidnu utraK

kitilop irajalepmem irad tapadid gnay ankam nad ialiN

iregen raul id tapad aggnihes ,fitka sabeb paret nak

irahes napudihek malad - .irah

isarobalE :

.a kutnebmem amas romon tapadnem gnay kana paiteS

.isuksidreb nad kopmolek

)1 gneM sisilana et sabeb iregen raul kitilop aynkutnebr

fitka .

)2 M dammahoM narikimep aynlucnum isakifitnedigne

p gnatnet attaH .fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilo

)3 isakifitnedigneM kitilop isatnemelpmi irad kapmad

,fitka sabeb iregen raul kopmolek nalikawrep paiteS

nesrepmem atnimid nad isagitsevni lisah nakisat

.salek naped id aynisuksid

tineM 54


65

)4 awsis naaynatrep sata nabawaj nakumenem haleteS

gnay iretam gnatnet bawaj aynat nakukalem

.urug nautnab nagned nakisatnesrepid

)5 nad ipaggnanem kutnu natapmesek irebid awsiS

lah tatacnem - ep gnay lah halet gnay iretam irad gnitn

.nakisatnesrepid

isamrifnoK :

.b tapet gnaruk gnay nabawaj adap isakifiralk rebmem uruG

.raneb gnay nabawaj adap nataugnep rebmem nad

.3 putuneP

.a klupmiynem awsis nad uruG halet gnay iretam amasreb na

id atnet utiay sahab sabeb iregen raul kiitilop nasagag gn

.amal edro asam adap fitka

.b irad nalupmisek tatacnem kutnu natapmesek ireb id awsiS

.isuksid

.c naklupmiynem nad iskelfer nakukalem awsis nad uruG

ialin atres taafnam - haletes helorep id gnay ialin

t gnay iretam irajalepmem .nakisuksidid hale

.d adapek narajalebmep tujnal kadnit hara rebmem uruG

rutkurtsret sagut( awsis anacner nad )iridnam sagut nad

.ayntukireb narajalebmep

tineM 52

.V nahaB /talA/rebmuS

.1 ukub rebmuS

.6002 .akirdaB nayaW I .IIX salek AMS kutnu harajeS atrakaJ :

aggnalrE

9002 .aziraflA namalaS 2091 takgniS ifargoiB :attaH dammahoM . -

0891 :atrakajgoJ . isaraG


75

irS - .2991 .lajdiR isuaF ,onosawS idE isarkomeD :attaH dammahoM

napeD asaM imonokE ,fitkA sabeB ,atiK satisrevinU :atrakaJ .

aisenodnI

: talA P te nad a rabmag

.IV eP naialin

.1 fitingok naialineP

:kudorp naialinep namodeP

oN rokS ialiN 1 68 - 001 ilakeS kiaB 2 17 - 57 kiaB 3 65 - 07 pukuC 4 55 < gnaruK

.2 sesorP

isuksid laoS

.a raul kitilop gnatnet isuksidreb licek kopmolek malad awsiS

.fitka sabeb iregen

.b udividni araces awsiS raul kitilop aynidajret isakifitnedinem

.fitka sabeb iregen

.c :sesorp naialinep airetirK

ON

amaN

isatneserpmeM

lisah nak

fitkA

bawajneM

fitkA

aynatreB

libmagneM

narilig

fitkA

isuksidreb

halmuJ

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5


85

: airetirk nagned 5 d.s 1 pakis alaks nakanuggnem naialinep airetirK

)1 1 rokS .namet iagrahgnem kadit nad evitarepooc kadit ,fisaP :

)2 2 rokS ahgnem nad evitarepooc kadit ,fisaP : .namet iagr

)3 3 rokS .namet iagrahgnem nad evitarepooc ,fisaP :

)4 4 rokS .namet iagrahgnem nad evitarepooc ,fitkA :

)5 5 rokS namet iagrahgnem nad evitarepooc tagnas ,fitka tagnaS :

)rihkA ialiN( AN = ialiN %07 fitingoK ialiN + %02 fitkefA ialiN + irotomokisP k %01

= % 001

tujnaL kadniT :naialinep

.1 alibapa lisahreb nakataynid awsiS iapacnem upmam nasatnuteK airetirK

.57 rasebes )MKK( muminiM

.2 rebmeM i margorp gnay awsis kutnu idimer iapacnem upmam muleb

.57 rasebes )MKK( muminiM nasatnuteK airetirK

.3 p nakirebmeM kgnit gnay awsis kutnu naayagnep margor aynnaiapacnep ta

57 irad hibel .

atrakaygoY sutsugA 61 , 102 3

uG narajalep atam ur

anavrE adniL


95

I naripmaL

narajalebmeP iretaM naripmaL

: nial aratna aynnarajaleP iretaM naripmaL

fitkA sabeB iregeN rauL kitiloP gnatneT attaH dammahoM nasagaG

.A rauL kitiloP gnatneT attaH dammahoM narikimeP gnakaleB rataL

fitkA sabeB iregeN

.1 attaH dammahoM pudih tayawiR

gnay aisenodnI kilbupeR nediserp likaw ,attaH dammahoM

,nilpisid ,rujuj katawreb gnay nipmimep kosos halada ,amatrep

gnay monoke nad tarkomed gnay nawaragen ,helas gnay milsuM

nad neg irad kutnebid aynnaidabirpeK .nataykarek igoloedireb

atres nagnukgnil nakgnatamid atres licek irades aynpudih namalagnep

attaH dammahoM .aynhelorepid gnay nauhategnep umli helo

uyak hamur haubes id ,2091 sutsugA 21 iggniT tikuB id nakrihalid

,iggniT tikuB ayar nalaj ek padahgnem uti hamuR .aud takgnitreb

.hubmukayaP

kajeS aiD .adnaleB halokes id halokesreb attaH ,licek

id aynrasad nakididnep nakiaseleynem loohcS eregaL eseporuE )SLE(

nakiaseleynem attaH naidumeK .6191 adap iggnit tikuB id reeM

loohcS regaL dierbegtiU .9191 nuhat adap gnadaP id )OLUM(

1 nuhat adap aynsureteS nakiaseleynem attaH ,129 erabelddiM lednaH

loohcS iasU .aivataB id )gnagaD hagneneM iggniT halokeS(


06

iggniT halokeS id hailuk attaH ,gnagaD halokes naktamanem

id imonokE ,loohcsegohslednaH dnalredeN .adnaleB ,madrettoR

tnirem attaH ,nuhat 51 aisureb kajeS sivitka iagabes rirak si

arahadneb iagabes ,isasinagro dnoB nenartamuS gnoJ gnabac )SBJ(

lahirep nauhategnep nubminem ialum attaH ,ini atok iD .gnadaP

acabmem tawel aynutas halas ,kitilop nad takaraysam nagnabmekrep

atibret narok ajas nakub ,narok iagabreb .aivataB aguj ipatet gnadap n

malad otonimaorkojT .S.O.H narikimep lanegnem attaH haluti taweL

rabak tarus ,aidniH nasutU malad milaS sugA nad .ajtareN

ehcsidnI id aynnakaregrep reirak ilawagnem gnamem attaH

es kujnutid akitek 2291 nuhat adap gnigineereV adap arahadneb iagab

surugnep naitnagrep idajret ,uti utkaW .2291 iraurbeF 91 laggnat

nemreH helo itnagid omoteoS .rd amal auteK .gnigineereV ehcsidnI

igab gnitnep itra aynup uti alak iseskus mutnemoM .artsasiwatraK

i akitek babes ,gnatadnem asam id akerem naksutumem akerem halut

ehcsisenodnI idajnem gnigineereV ehcsidnI aman itnaggnem kutnu

eidnI dnalredeN aman itnaggnem aynnatujnalek nad gnigineereV

nataumreb taras gnay asgnab aman nahilip haubeS .aisenodnI idajnem

roes halas ,alup uti murof malaD .kitilop ehcsisenodnI atoggna gna

naka akerem gnarakes irad awhab nakatagnem gnigineereV

.eidnI dnalredeN uata aidniH nakadainem nad aisenodnI nugnabmem

1 laggnat kitiloP tamulkaM nakraulegnem hanrep attaH

nI awhab nakataynem nial aratna aynisi gnay 5491 rebmevoN aisenod


16

arac iulalem adnaleB nagned atekgnes nakiaseleynem aidesreb

tamulkaM nakraulegnem aguj attaH uti gnipmas iD .isamolpid

narujna apureb aynisi gnay 5491 rebmevoN 3laggnat hatniremep

iatrap kutnebmem kutnu taykar adapek - narujna iulaleM .kitilop iatrap

silejaM( imuysaM :utiay ,kitilop iatrap haubes haliridreb ,tubesret

IBP ,)aisenodnI sinumoK iatraP( IKP ,)aisenodnI nimilsuM oruyS

iatraP( odnikraP ,ataleJ taykaR iatraP ,)aisenodnI huruB iatraP(

P( SRP ,)aisenodnI silaisoS iatraP( ISP ,)aisenodnI netsirK iatra

iamreP ,)aisenodnI kilbupeR kilotaK iatraP( IRKP ,)silaisoS taykaR

lanoisaN iatraP( INP nad ,)aisenodnI neahraM taykaR nautasreP(

.)aisenodnI

ahasureb hanrep attaH ,IR naakedremek isamalkorp haleteS

kudnem kutnu lanoisanretni ainud nagnukud iracnem aisenodnI gnu

ek igrep ai ,7491 iluJ adap ,hatnoc iagabeS .akedrem aragen iagabes

amtahaM nad urheN lalrahawaJ iumenem duskam nagned aidnI

tolip( halludbA amanreb tolipok iagabes ramaynem nagned ihdnaG

najreb naidumek urheN .)kiantaP ujiB halada ayntawasep awhab ij

nad setorpmem arac nagned aisenodnI utnabmem tapad aidnI

.mukuhid tapad adnaleB raga BBP adapek isuloser nakirebmem

malad aisenodnI isageled nipmimem attaH ,9491 adaP

.adnaleB ,gaaH neD id )BMK( radnuB ajeM isnerefnoK nagnidnurep

agnidnurep lisaH .IR nataluadek iukagnem adnaleB halada tubesret n

attaH helo nipmipid gnay )SIR( takireS aisenodnI kilbupeR haliridreB


26

iraunaJ 92 aratna utkaw nuruk malaD .ayniretnem anadrep iagabes

aynnatabaj nakpakgnarem aguj ai ,9491 rebmeseD aggnih 8491

likaw iagabes idajnem sugilakes nad ,iretnem anadrep ,nediserp

aggnih 9491 rebmeseD utkaw nuruk malaD .SIR nanahatrep iretnem

iagabes pakgnarem aguj ai ,0591 sutsugA )ulnem( iregen raul iretnem

SIR .

asib uti akite awhab nakitkubmem iridnes attaH pudiH

aI .nalajreb aynaH .raseb gnay naayakek naklaggninem apnat tafaw

ageM id aynlicek alliv nad orogenopiD nalaJ id aynhamur ada

aisenodnI nipmimep arap nakkujnutid anamiagabes ,ipaT .gnudneM

kek nakrihalem helob kat nakududek ,aynisareneg irad iD .naaya

araca ,nial gnay ubi irad attaH kakak aud laggnit tapmet ,rapmahutaB

kat akerem ,numaN .IRVT narais irad iuhatekid attaH namakamep

nad attaH kosos aynanahredes utigeB .isivelet tawasep aynup

mid kat raga taisawreb attaH alib hena kaT .aynagraulek id nakmaka

taykar nagned taked ayapus ,nawalhaP namaT .

.2 fitkA sabeB iregeN rauL kitiloP malad narepreB gnaY hokoT

.a oiranuS rM .forP

aynnatiak ada tupul kadit ini fitka sabeb iregen raul kitiloP

nakraulekid gnay kitilop otsefinaM .8291 adumep hapmus nagned

o hapmus irad latnemadnuf hibel 5291 aisenodnI nanupmihreP hel

5291 kitilop otsefinaM .ojdridotraK onotraS forP turunem ini adumep

inkay nagnaujrep pisnirp isireb aynitni adap ytinU ,)nautasreP(


36

ytilauqe nad ,)naaratesek( ytrebil utaS .)naakedremek( - aynutas hokot

harajes kaggnot idajnem gnay awitsirep aud malad fitka narepreb gnay

oiranuS rM .forP halada lanoisan .

kitiloP ,attaH helo sagagid gnay fitka sabeb iregen raul

ulneM idajnem akiteK .atayn araces oiranuS helo nakrabajid

A isnerfnoK( AAK nakgnusgnalid 5591 nuhat gnudnaB id )akirfA ais

idajnem rudnum attaH akiteK .gnudnaB aliS asaD naklisahgnem gnay

raseB atuD idajnem kujnutid oiranuS ,6591 rebmeseD nediserp likaw

iagabes takgna id oiranuS uti haleteS .)1691 nuhat iapmas( sirggnI

h nad kitilop raseb urug rotkeR idajnem ulal ,lanoisanretni muku

3691( gnarames orogenopiD satisrevinU - atres narep satA .)6691

gnay hokot utas halas ai awhab nakatakid satnap ai akam ,ini oiranuS

nasagag fitkA sabeB iregeN r.auL kitiloP malad atres narepreb

attaH dammahoM .

.b eoS .rI onrak

,)64.1ah ,2 rabmag ,2 naripmal tahil( onrakeoS atam iD

kosos halada attaH ,awatret ,iranem hanrep kat aI nakhaB .suires gnay

harem gnapmag gnay gnaro halada attaH kajeJ .pudih itamkinem uata

c ,sidag gnaroes nagned umetreb alib aynakum uata aynhajaw ara

nagned halada onrakeoS atak attaH idabirp naksikulem kutnu kiabret

malad attaH akitek ,eros utaus id naidajek utaus nakhasignem

utas nad tapmet utaus ek nanalajrep - malad nial gnapmunep aynutas


46

sos gnamem attaH .kitnac sidag gnaroes halada uti naaradnek gnay ko

.ucul ai uti anerak urtsuj ,suires

nasagag nakirebmem kaynab aguj onrakeoS nediserP -

bisan padahret aynnanitahirpeK .lanoisanretnI ainud id nasagag

aisA asgnab - kah iaynupmem muleb ,akedrem muleb hisam ,akirfA

ynem ,iridnes aynbisan nakutnenem kutnu ,onrakeoS nediserp nakbabe

isnerefnoK nakadagnem kutnu fitaisini libmagnem ,5591 nuhat adap

aisA - gnudnaB .aliS asaD naklisahgnem gnay gnudnaB id akirfA

aisA atoK ubI iagabes lanekid - .akirfA

.c amaL edrO asaM adaP aisenodnI iregeN rauL kitiloP isautiS

m adaP aisenodnI iregen raul kitilop isautis amal edro asa

aisenodnI asgnab igab irid itaj nairacnep asam iagabes nakatakid asib

nakatakiD .nakhalelem pukuc gnay sesorp utaus imalagnem halet

isamalkorp aynnakgnadnamukid kajnemes anerak nakhalelem pukuc

aakedramek gnilas ini asgnab sagut imed sagut ,aisenodnI kilbupeR n

ynem lusus nakiaseles id areges kutnu lusu .

namacna kaynab aguj ini amal edro asam adap uti nialeS -

,IIT/ID nakatnorebmep irad ialum ,uti akitek idajret gnay amaena

3G awitsirep aggnih ATSEMREP ,IRRP ayntilus apateB .IKPlS 0

niales anerak ,uti utkaw adap amal edro asam id aisenodnI naadaek

kutneb alages agajnem surah aragen alapek iagabes onrakeoS

ayngnatad gnay nanamaek satilibats padahret idajret gnay namacna

nad agajnem surah aguj ,iregen raul irad kutneb alages sapmunem


56

tahilem haleteS .iregen malad irad ayngnatad gnay nakatnorebmep

awitsirep irad - haubes kiratid tapad tubesret amal edro asam awitsirep

gnay nahatniremep utaus iapacnem kutnu ataynret awhab nalupmisek

surah naknialem gnapmag kadit kiab .gnapmag kadit nad ahasureb

.B attaH dammahoM turuneM fitkA sabeB iregeN rauL kitiloP pesnoK

gnay aisenodnI iregen raul kitilop tafis halada fitka nad sabeB

kadit numaN .hatniremep imser naataynrep malad taumid ulales ripmah

beb atak gnakaleb id aguj gnaraj nagned nakhabmat id hisam fitka nad sa

tafis - iD .emsilairepmi itna nad emsilainolok itna aynlasim nial gnay tafis

kilbupeR iregeN rauL kitiloP naanaskaleP igetarts anacner nemukod malad

4891 nuhat aisenodnI - regen raul iretnem helo kaparetid halet gnay 9891 IR i

:halada iregeN rauL kitilop tafis awhab naksalejid ,3891 ieM 91 laggnat

.1 sabeb ,fitka sabeB - naakubmep tapmeek aenila helo isadnalid fitka

ainud nabitretek nakanaskalem malad atres turut aisenodnI“ 54 DUU

idaba naiamadrep ,naakedremek nakrasadreb gnay nalidaek nad ,

”.laicos

.2 DUU naakubmep helo isadnalid emsilainolok itna ,emsilainolok itnA

anerak imub akum id naksupahid surah nahajajnep amatrep aeila 54

.nalidaek irep nad naaisunamek irep nagned iauses kadit

.3 atneiro ,lanoisaN nagnitnepek adapek idbagneM nagnitnepek adap is

atames iregen raul kitilop nakajibek lanoisan - kutnu nakujutid atam

.asgnab nagnitnepek naiapacnep


66

.4 naktapadnem surah hatniremep helo nasutupek alages ,sitarkomeD

RPD irad naujutesrep .

.C turuneM fitkA sabeB iregeN rauL kitiloP isatnemelpmI dammahoM

attaH

ratalid fitkA nad sabeB iregeN rauL kitilop pisnirp napareneP

isautis nakatpicnem gnay II ainuD gnareP aynidajret helo ignakaleb

akiremA helo inomegehid gnay taraB kolB aratna majat gnay nagniasrep

.teivoS inU helo rumiT kolB nad takireS

P dammahoM turunem fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop irad naparene

kadit fisap gnay "larten" kitilop halnakub fitka sabeb kitilop ,ini attaH

irad irid nakhuajnem uata "uca kat" gnay kitilop alup nakuB .kahimem

libmagnem uata ainud nahalasamrep nad nagnabmekrep ,gnabmies karaj

lanoisaN etimoK gnadis malaD .hagnenep iagabes aynah alup nakub

nakakumegnem halet attaH gnuB ini taas adap )PINAK( tasuP aisenodnI

pisnirp - aisenodnI aragen iregen raul kitilop nakanaskalem kutnu pisnirp

raneb gnay - itnepek rasad sata raneb nakagenem turut gnay lanoisan nagn

.nupanam sabeb aragen adapek kahimem apnat lanoisan nagnitnepek

esopske nakapurem ,rahtcoM ulnem turunem ,ini attaH gnuB narikimeP

rasad adap irad gnalmag nad saget salej gnay ilak amatrep - raul kitilop rasad

sabeB iregen noN idajnem gnabmekreb naidumek nad fitkA - .klob

sabeb kitilop sutecnep nakapurem attaH gnuB awhab itkuB - fitka

gnuB ukub luduj utas halas aynhotoc ukub luduj iulalem nakgnautid kaynab

sabeb gnay pakis anerak ,"nagnaraK aud aratna iD gnuyadneM" : attaH -


76

itka ulales gnay ,attaH dammahoM irad rasad pakis anam id gnay f

nasurahek aratna id :aynpudih malad nagnarak aud aratna id gnuyadnem

malad tabilret kutnu nabijawek nad iggnit naurugrep id iduts nakiaseleynem

ratna id ,akedrem aisenodnI kutnu kitilop nagnaujrep nad tamroh a

idajnem kutnu naliggnap nad aynraseb agraulek adapek aynnagnitnepek

non nad isarepok kitilop nahilip aratna id anrupirap toirtap - isarepok

nagned hinrej nad sarek gnay aynkimelop malad tahilret anamiagabes

lop nakididnep aratna id nad ,onrakeoS gnay kitilop satilibom nad kiti

gnay urab INP nad odnitraP igetarts naadebrep kokop idajnem

gnilap gnaY .nalaj rakutreb aynrihka uti kitilop iatrap audek nakbabeynem

alages sata id sigart - naknahatrepmem kutnu tilus nahilip halada aynalag

ggnut iwD nahutuek onrakeoS la - naktamaleynem uti arac nagned nad ,attaH

itukignem malad rawanem rawat apnat pakis uata lanoisan nanipmimepek

pisnirp - kadit irad satilarom nakutnenem gnay pisnirp .aynkitilop kudnat

ayniridnes nagned fitka sabeb iregen raul kitilop naanaskaleP

atres naknamagnem nad nakayapugnem satiroirp adap nakharaid

aragen nagnukud nad amas ajrek naktakgninem - nadab atres tabahas aragen -

nad lanoisan naimonokerep nahilumep natapecrep igab lanoisanretni nadab

sanretni naayacrepek aynhilup nakayapugnem sugilakes daket padahret lanoi

sisirk isatagnem kutnu urab nahatniremeP naupmamek nad

ini natiak malaD .ini taas ipadah aisenodnI gnades gnay lanoisnemiditlum

aratna id ispesrep nagnatnetrep aynlucnum halada iadapsawid ulrep gnay

nenopmok - eb ianegnem asgnab nenopmok nakub gnay lanoisan usi iagabr


86

tapad nakhab ,ainud atam id aisenodnI artic kurubrepmem aynah

.asgnab nahutuek macnagnem

malaD sapelret kadit ini fitkA sabeB iregeN rauL kitiloP naparenep

narikimep aynaratnaid gnadib iagabreb irad alup - dammahoM narikimep

H :gnatnet atta

.a naasgnabeK

.b aisunaM isasA kaH

.c isarkomeD

.d nataykareK imonokE

.e laisoS isarkomeD

.f nakididneP


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