perihalbarah: 03/01/13

perihalbarah

Laman ini diujudkan buat anda yang mencari kaedah ubatan herba alam semulajadi untuk sakit barah, selain berkongsi pendapat dan pengalaman sesama ahli. Menyedari faktor penyebab barah selain mengelak penipuan kerana pesakit barah selalu ditipu oleh orang yang rakus mengaut untung semata-mata. Laman ini juga bertujuan menyingkap amalan buruk yang merugikan kita.

Jumaat, 1 Mac 2013

Makanan organik tingkatkan kesihatan

Makananorganik tingkatkan kesihatan

Kualititerjamin, pilihan terbaik dalam diet pemakanan

PENGAMBILAN makanan organik semakin mendapat sambutan di negara ini selepaspromosi dijalankan sejak 1980-an mengenai kebaikan dan khasiatnya. Tidakmustahil jika ada yang sanggup mengubah corak pemakanan demi mencapai kesihatanmenyeluruh. Berbeza di Barat, khususnya di Eropah penggunaan produk organikbukan perkara baru kerana industri berkenaan sudah mencapai lebih 60 tahun.Berbeza di Malaysia kesedaran itu berputik sejak beberapa tahun lalu denganpelbagai produk makanan organik mudah dibeli di pasar raya atau ada kedai khasmenjual produk berkaitan. Fenomena ini memberi gambaran pembeli sudah semakinbijak mengawal diet pemakanan bagi menjamin kesihatan diri dan keluarga.

Anda mungkin tertanya-tanya mengapa ramai orang berubah haluan denganmengambil makanan organik. Makanan organik adalah makanan yang melalui prosespertumbuhan secara semula jadi tanpa menggunakan bahan kimia seperti racun yangmampu mengelak penyakit pada tumbuhan atau haiwan, tanah yang dicampurkan bahankimia juga untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah dan sebagainya. Makanan organikboleh diambil semua individu tanpa perlu ragu-ragu mengenai kandungan bahanasing yang boleh membawa kesan buruk kepada kesihatan. Pengurus Jaminan KualitiPureharvest, Micheal Ockers, berkata makanan organik adalah pilihan terbaik disamping pengambilan produk semula jadi kerana kualitinya terjamin selain bebasdaripada penggunaan bahan kimia yang boleh memudaratkan kesihatan.

Jelasnya, menerusi penghasilan rangkaian produkmakanan organik, proses pertanian dilakukan tanpa menggunakan bahan kimiaseperti racun herba, racun perosak, racun kulat atau baja dan sekali gus tidakmemberi kesan kepada kemusnahan alam sekitar.

Kaedah pertanian juga menggabungkan teknologi sedia ada, baru dan penyelidikansaintifik demi keseimbangan ekosistem. Berbekalkan udara, tanah dan air yangbersih, produk organik yang dihasilkan benar-benar asli serta berkhasiat. Pureharvestadalah pengeluar utama produk makanan organik dan semula jadi di Australia,termasuk susu, soya, madu, jus, keju dan banyak lagi. Kesemua rangkaian makananorganik dihasilkan selamat dan bermutu menerusi amalan penanaman sertapengeluaran yang mesra alam sekitar.

Ini secara tidak langsung menyokong matlamat kamiuntuk menjadikan penanaman organik sebagai satu cara terbaik dalam menghasilkanproduk yang bukan saja sihat, bahkan mendatangkan manfaat kepada bumi. Pertaniandan pengeluaran makanan organik yang bebas daripada ancaman penggunaan bahanberbahaya turut membantu mengurangkan toksin dalam tanah, udara, air dan badankita di samping menawarkan pelbagai manfaat, jelasnya sebelum sesi lawatanpenghasilan produk organik di kilang Pureharvest, Victoria, Australia,baru-baru ini.

Lawatan yang dianjurkan Kerajaan Negeri VictoriaAustralia ini bertujuan meningkatkan kefahaman mengenai industri tenusuVictoria sekali gus merintis jalan bagi menjalin pakatan masa depan antaraVictoria dan negara ASEAN. Turut menyertai rombongan sepanjang lima hari ituadalah wakil dari Indonesia dan Thailand. Terdahulu, semasa menjelaskan lanjutmengenai produk yang dihasilkan, Ockers berkata Pureharvest sering berusahauntuk mendapatkan sumber dan menggunakan bahan semula jadi dan organik bermututinggi untuk semua produk. Makanan organik yang dihasilkan juga adalahberdasarkan piawaian pengeluaran yang dikawal ketat untuk menjamin mutu makananberkenaan.

Lihat saja produk tenusu organik yang diketengahkan, ia dibuat daripada bahansemula jadi daripada ladang ke akhir peringkat pemprosesan, sehinggalah sampaike meja makan pengguna dalam keadaan yang paling semula jadi. Di sampingrasanya yang asli dan segar, cita rasanya yang pelbagai mengikut keperluanpembeli juga memudahkan amalan sihat yang dirancang.

Seperti rangkaian susu Organic Dairy Milk yang diedarkan, sumber tenusu yangdihasilkan lembu kami adalah seratus peratus bebas daripada pengambilan sumberawet kerana diet diberikan adalah menepati keperluan vegetarian apatah lagitiada rangsangan hormon dikenakan terhadap lembu-lembu kami bagi prosespenghasilan susu. Perkara sama juga tidak mengecualikan rangkaian produk laintermasuk pilihan bukan produk tenusu seperti jus, minyak kacang, jem, madu danbijirin serta buah-buahan kering yang diedarkan adalah 100 peratus bebas bahankimia, jelasnya sebelum menamatkan perbincangan.

INFO: Kebaikan produk organik:

Mengurangkan risiko penyakit jantung

Kandungan antioksidan dalam makanan organik 30peratus lebih tinggi berbanding makanan yang menggunakan proses bahan kimia.Ini secara tidak langsung membantu mengurangkan risiko penyakit jantung dankanser.

Kandungannutrien yang tinggi

Kandungan nutrien untuk makanan organik tinggiberbanding makanan yang diproses. Lebih teruk jika makanan yang diproses ituditinkan kerana bahan kimia untuk pembuatan tin sebenarnya akan menurunkan lagikhasiat sesuatu makanan itu.

Lebihbersih

Makanan organik jauh lebih bersih kerana ia melaluiproses secara semula jadi. Walaupun bahan kimia mampu menyuburkan,mencantikkan, mengelak tumbuhan atau haiwan daripada penyakit dan sebagainyatetapi bahan kimia yang digunakan memberi kesan terhadap khasiat sesuatumakanan itu.

Bebasracun dan bahan kimia

Makanan organik antara yang terbaik untuk diambilkerana ia bebas daripada sebarang racun atau bahan kimia yang bolehmendatangkan kemudaratan kepada kesihatan badan. Ia juga diambil semua individutanpa perlu berasa ragu mengenai kandungan bahan asing yang boleh membawa kesanburuk kepada kesihatan.

Simpannutrien

Di samping kaya vitamin, garam galian dan serat,makanan organik turut berupaya menyimpan nutrien untuk jangka masa yang lebihlama. Ia juga dikatakan menjadi pilihan utama chef profesional dalammenyediakan hidangan.

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Adakah chemotherapy or radiation therapy berkesan?

Adakah chemotherapy or radiation therapy berkesan?

Jawapan: ... First of all, there is only a 3% survival rate from using thesedrugs! If you are in the 3%, the medical term for cured is 5 year survivalrate. That's right, when orthodox medicine states they have "cured" a

cancer patient, what they mean is they lived just 5 more years!

Why do people get cancer in the first place? The simple answer

is the food we get in the stores is tampered with and is no longernutritional !

According to the book and video World WithoutCancer (copy below

for free) it is imperative that you have vitamin B17 in your diet to killfree-moving cancer cells.

Here are some of the proven benefits ofvitamin B17:

- Helps to lower your blood pressure

- One of the healthiest foods on earth

- Strengthens your internal arteries

- Helps target and kill cancer cells

To watch "World Without Cancer video"... To download "TheMiracle Mineral Book" Part 1 and to get the "Ultimate One Page CancerReport" all Free please click next link below:

http://ecuadoremail.net/click.html?x=a62b&lc=FAvS&mc=BR&s=tZvZm&y=7&

To read testimonies from cancer survivors who used Vitamin B17 click

this link... http://ecuadoremail.net/click.html?x=a62b&lc=FAvB&mc=BR&s=tZvZm&y=N&

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Sutent

Sutentgiven U.S. approval

Pfizersays drug will be available for use Feb. 3

The United States Food andDrug Administration (FDA) announced Jan. 26 that it has approved Sutent(sunitinib) for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and advancedkidney cancer.

It was the first time theagency has approved a new oncology product for two cancers simultaneously.

Sutent, which received apriority review and was approved in less than six months, is a tyrosine kinaseinhibitor. The once-daily, 50 mg. capsule blocks several enzymes that deprivethe tumor cells of the blood and nutrients needed to grow.

Todays approval is a majorstep forward in making breakthrough treatments available for patients with rareand difficult to treat forms of cancer, said Dr. Steven Galson, director ofFDAs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. New targeted therapies such asSutent are helping FDA expand options for patients for whom there are limitedalternatives.

According to the AmericanCancer Society, about 6,000 new cases of GIST and 32,000 cases of advancedkidney cancer are diagnosed each year.

Sutent won approval for thetreatment of Gleevec-resistant GIST and for GIST patients unable to tolerateGleevec, the current treatment for GIST. In clinical trials, researchers did anearly analysis of data that showed Sutent delayed the time it took for tumorsor new lesions to grow. Specifically, the median time-to-tumor progression forpatients treated with Sutent was 27 weeks compared to six weeks for patients givena placebo.

Of 312 clinical trialparticipants, 207 received Sutent, while 105 were given placebos.

Typically, patients incancer trials are not given placebos because it is considered unethical to denythem effective treatments. But Sutent maker Pfizer said a third of the patientswere given placebos in this trial because no standard drug is known to workagainst such stomach tumors once they develop resistance to Gleevec.

When it became clear thatpatients taking Sutent were surviving longer than the placebo group, allpatients in the study were allowed to start taking Sutent.

FDA also granted acceleratedapproval for Sutent in the treatment of patients with advanced renal cellcarcinoma (RCC). In contrast to the approval for GIST, which was based on thedrugs ability to delay the growth of the tumors, this approval was based onSutents ability to reduce the size of the tumors in patients. An overallresponse rate ranging from 26 to 37 percent was found in patients withmetastatic kidney cancer whose tumors had progressed following cytokine-basedtherapy.

Pfizer is studying the drugfor use in treating other cancers, including colorectal, breast and lungcancer.

Pfizer says it expects theaverage cost of Sutent per six-week treatment cycle to be about $4,000, puttingthe annual cost of treatment at about $38,000. The drug is expected to beavailable to patients Feb. 3, and will come in 12.5 mg., 25 mg. and 50 mg.capsules.

Patients and physicians canvisit www.sutent.com or phone FirstRESOURCE at (877) 744-5675 for informationabout patient assistance for those who dont have drug coverage and forinformation about reimbursement issues or appeals assistance.

The FDA said in a statementthat it has a long-standing commitment of providing patients with serious andlife-threatening diseases access to safe and effective treatments, in somecases prior to FDA approval.

In the GIST clinical trial,significant clinical benefit was determined through an interim analysis ofdata, thereby allowing researchers to convert all patients in the trial totreatment.

FDA worked with Pfizer,maker of Sutent, to offer an expanded access program prior to approval, makingthe product available to patients not enrolled in a clinical trial. Currently,more than 1,700 U.S. patients are being treated with Sutent through theexpanded access program.

Expanded access programshave proven to be an effective way to get treatment to patients who need itmost, especially in cancer, said Ellen Stovall, president of the NationalCoalition of Cancer Survivorship. There needs to be a greater awareness amongpatients and doctors about both the option to participate in clinical researchas well as in these expanded access programs in order to make promising newtherapies available to as many patients as possible.

Pfizer said the mostcommonly reported side effects included diarrhea, nausea, stomatitis,dyspepsia, and vomiting. Patients also experienced, fatigue, high bloodpressure, bleeding, swelling, and altered taste. Hypothyroidism was alsoobserved.

Skin discoloration possiblydue to the drug color (yellow) occurred in approximately a third of patients.Other possible dermatologic effects may include dryness, thickness or crackingof skin, blister or rash on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

Pfizer, which acquiredSutent in 2003 through its purchase of Pharmacia Corp., has said it intends tobecome a major player in the oncology arena. It is now far better known fordrugs such as Viagra and cholesterol fighter Lipitor.

Miracle Cancer Drug Extends Life With $48,720 Cost (Update1)

ByKen Wells and Shannon Pettypiece - March 5, 2010 17:41 EST

March 5 (Bloomberg) -- GeorgeDemetri had witnessed countless near-death experiences in his career as acancer doctor. This time, the life of a drug was on the line. It was calledSU11248, and PfizerInc. had just acquired the company developing it. Tumors were shrinking intwo thirds of the digestive tract cancer patients in the clinical trial Demetrihad been running since February 2002. One dying mans malignancy had stoppedgrowing so suddenly after five doses that it was a miracle, the oncologistsaid. Interesting parlor trick youve got there, but this isnt a market, hesaid Pfizer executives responded when they learned of the results. The trialspatients had a type of cancer accounting for less than 1 percent of new U.S.cases diagnosed every year. We are probably going to shut this down, he saidthey warned. Still, a Pfizer official agreed to accompany him to a December2003 meeting with U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulators, who wereencouraged by the data and sanctioned a second, larger trial. Credit to Pfizerfor realizing it had a winner, Demetri said. Company spokesman ChrisLoder declined to comment on the doctors recollection of events.

In January 2006, Sutentbecame the first treatment simultaneously approved for two cancers:gastrointestinal stromal tumors, or GIST, and renal cell carcinoma. A pill thatalmost landed on the scrap heap of medicine has, according to New York-basedPfizer, since generated $2.6 billion in sales.

Its Not Sustainable

Sutent is part of anexplosion of treatments that attack cancer at the molecular level, holding thepromise of turning intractable malignancies into chronic diseases like diabetesor HIV. Targeted therapies are already extending life -- and adding to the costof end-of-life care, which in the case of Sutent could be on the order of$48,720 a year.

The story of the drug, whichtook 15 years to get from theory to therapy, shows why such medicines, whichhave limited periods of effectiveness, are so expensive that some governmentsresist paying for them. On the advice of the British National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence,the U.K. National Health Service refused for three years to buy Sutent for itspatients. The price, the institute decided in 2006, was simply too high for theamount of time it bought.

We are all worried thatits not sustainable, said Demetri, 53, director of the Ludwig Center at theHarvard University-affiliated Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, in an interview.Ultimately, our country may say, OK, we can have these expensive cancer drugsor we can have vaccines for our kids -- what do you want?

Just 29 Days

For those who can afford apill with a retail price of about $200, or whose insurer will cover it,Sutent is a life extender. The metastatic cancer of GIST patients on Sutent washeld in check for about 21 weeks longer than that of patients who began aclinical trial on a placebo, according to Pfizer.

While about a third of those with GIST who switch to Sutent get no benefit, thedrug has been a lifeline for thousands, Demetri said, often buying enough timefor a new medicine to roll out of the targeted therapy pipeline.

Terence Foley, a musicianand teacher living in Philadelphia, was one for whom it offered no benefit. Acombination of GenentechInc.s Avastin and Bayer AGsNexavar helped keep his kidney cancer at bay for 17 months, but he died 29 daysafter his first dose of Sutent.

A Grandsons Birthday

I didnt see it coming,said Keith Flaherty, 39, a protg of Demetris who was Foleys oncologist atthe time of his death in December 2007 at age 67. Why didnt Sutent extend hislife? Perhaps, Flaherty said, his patients tumor was made up of preponderanceof cells that were Sutent-resistant.

Susan Farmer was a different case.

Sutent worked for theretired Rhode Island public television executive, who has fought metastaticGIST for seven years with what doctors call daisy chaining. When her malignancyno longer responds to a treatment, she switches to another, moving from onetargeted therapy to the next to the next. She took Sutent, the second in herchain, for 18 months.

I am alive because of thesedrugs, said Farmer, 67. She credits Novartis AGsGleevec, the first, for allowing her to see her second grandson born in 2005.Sutent kept her well for his fifth birthday.

The company that developed Sutent, Sugen Inc., gotits start in Redwood City, California, in 1991. Cancer treatment at the timehad been largely unchanged for decades. Doctors bombed tumors with a toxicchemical mix and hoped for the best. They rarely got it, and patients sufferedchemotherapy side effects including hair loss and debilitating nausea.

A Kinases Race

The idea propelling Sugenhad been postulated 20 years earlier by Harvard Medical Schools JudahFolkman, who became director of vascular biology at Childrens HospitalBoston. His theory was that malignant solid tumors depended on a geneticcorruption of angiogenesis, the blood-vessel building process. Shut downangiogenesis, his thinking went, and the tumors would starve for lack of blood.

By 1989, scientists had identified a protein -- known as a kinase -- as theprimary driver of angiogenesis: vascular endothelial growth factor, or VEGF.The discovery set off a race to isolate others and develop inhibitors.

One of Sugens founders, AxelUllrich of Germanys Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, had cloned humaninsulin as a researcher for South San Francisco-based Genentech. Ullrich, now66, also helped discover the gene HER2, thought to be responsible for runawaycell replication in some cancers.

Gen for Genetics

His partner was JosephSchlessinger, then head of the New York University Medical School pharmacologydepartment and now director of Yale Universitys department of pharmacology.Schlessinger, 64, did research at Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Inc. before it becamepart of Sanofi-AventisSA, and worked on the technology that led to ImClone Systems Inc.s coloncancer treatment Erbitux and other drugs.

The company was named afterthem: S for Schlessinger and U for Ullrich, followed by gen, for genetics.

Sugens first chiefexecutive officer was StephenEvans- Freke. He had raised more than $600 million for Thousand Oaks, California-basedAmgen Inc., and other biopharmaceutical startups, according to the Web siteof Celtic PharmaManagement LP, a Hamilton, Bermuda-based private-equity firm where Evans-Freke is a managing general partner. Evans-Freke pulled together $2.5 millionin venture capital for Sugen, which raised $20 million when it went public in 1994.

$100 Million a Year

The hunt for kinaseinhibitors was slow and expensive, Ullrich said in an interview. For one thing,all the kinases had to be identified, which Sugen did by building a kinome,mapping the 500 or so that inhabit the body.

Another challenge was thatkinases exist at the core of cellular biology, sharing space with adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, the very engine ofintracellular energy.

The worry was that you couldntdrug these kinases without shutting down every energy-generating process in thebody, Demetri said. Youd kill people faster than the disease would.

A solution required designing drug molecules so precise they could slip intothe pockets of specific kinases without interfering with ATP. Sugen scientistsbombarded cancer-driving proteins with synthesized chemical compounds to figureout which of them showed promise as kinase inhibitors.

By 1998, Sugen was burning through about $100 million a year, and running outof money for the clinical trials that are fundamental to bringing a drug tomarket, according to PeterHirth, who was president at the time.

Betting on VEGF

Pharmacia & UpjohnInc., based in Bridgewater, New Jersey, stepped in with the cash in 1999,buying Sugen for $650 million.

Genentech, acquired lastyear by RocheHolding AG, had shown that targeted therapy could be a commercial successafter FDA approval in 1998 of the metastatic breast cancer drug Herceptin. Itattacks the HER2 gene, the one Ullrich helped find, and was the first kinaseinhibitor on the market.

In May 2001, Novartis, based in Basel, Switzerland, secured FDA approval forGleevec, which worked by knocking out the main molecular driver in chronicmyeloid leukemia. Genentech was by then in trials with what it would callAvastin -- used today against five cancers -- and early results indicated itwould prove that VEGF inhibitors could thwart angiogenesis.

Sugens bet was on targetingVEGF, and of the 50,000 compounds scientists threw at it in the lab, exactlythree seemed promising, according to Ullrich and Hirth.

A Dirty Inhibitor

One of the three --christened SU5416 because it was the 5,416th substance tried out -- was givenin 2001 to 350 colorectal cancer patients. So few responded that the trialfailed statistically, according to Ullrich.

The scientists concludedSU5416 wasnt soluble enough to slip with adequate dosage into its moleculartarget. They turned to SU11248, the 11,248th of the compounds tested, andtweaked it. The adjustments made it less specific, and SU11248 went afterVEGF and also as many as 200 other kinases, Ullrich said.

Because protein kinasesregulate many normal cell signaling functions, not just those driving cancer,the drug might block healthy activities, too, Ullrich said.

Nobody was sure they wanteda dirty kinase inhibitor like SU11248, Ullrich said.

Then Sugen tested it in a 2002 basket trial, so named because people with avariety of cancers took part. SU11248 was sent to oncologists worldwide, and inwhat Ullrich called a lucky accident a Paris doctor gave it to three kidneycancer patients. Two had outstanding responses, he said.

The Lipitor Company

The basket trial occurredbefore Pfizer closed its $58 billion acquisition of Pharmacia in April 2003.Pfizer, which disbanded Sugen as a unit, decided to finance trials focusing onrenal patients. Demetri was wrapping up his clinical evaluation of SU11248s abilityto target kinases driving GIST for patients who had run out of treatmentoptions.

After Pfizer learned abouthis patients spectacular results, Demetri said he was quizzed on hisestimate that the market for the drug would be only a few thousand patients.

A few thousand? Look, werethe Lipitor company, were looking for a few million, he said Pfizerexecutives told him. Lipitor, Pfizers cholesterol pill, is the worlds topselling drug with more than $11.4

billion in 2009 revenue.

At the December 2003meeting, FDA officials wouldnt accelerate the SU11248 approval process,because standard scans didnt show tumors were shrinking definitively enough,Demetri said. Pfizer agreed to fund placebo trials.

A Vampire Cancer

The drug would be given totwo-thirds of a group and sugar pills to the rest -- rare in oncology wherelives are on the line. The FDA agreed that sugar-pill patients whose tumorsgrew would be given the real drug. The trial started in January 2004.

Within a year, every placebopatient had been switched because of staggeringly statistically positiveresults, Demetri said. Tumor growth in those taking SU11248 halted for 27 weekscompared with six weeks for those on sugar pills, according to FDA data.

For Farmer, the trialssuccess meant more life.

Farmer, who served two termsas Rhode Island secretary of state, was diagnosed with GIST in October 2001 after an abdominal tumor burst andhemorrhaged. A surgeon removed the growth -- it was about the size of a shotput, she recalled -- but by January 2003 the malignancy had spread to herliver.

Invincible to mosttreatments, GIST was known as a kind of vampire cancer whose cells have ananti-death pathway turned on, Demetri said. They dont know how to die, whichis why chemotherapy doesnt work.

Heart Flutters

Doctors began building Farmersdaisy chain with Gleevec, which shrank her liver tumors within a month of herfirst dose in February 2003. Side effects included puffy eyes, muscle cramps,diarrhea and chemo brain, she said. I thought I was getting Alzheimers.

A scan in April 2008 showedtwo of the largest growths were active once more. Gleevecs effectiveness hadrun out.

So Farmer started on Sutent.This time, her teeth became so sensitive she couldnt brush. Eating sugar hurtthem. She couldnt catch her breath.

I got heart flutters, shesaid. I got headaches. It hurt to talk. One day I just sat there with mySutent in my hand saying I cant possibly have one more of these things. It maygive me one more day of life, but it felt like death. I made the decision I wasjust going to stop and not take it.

She changed her mind after a scan showed the tumors shrinking once more.

Every Customers Premium

Her dose was reduced, andthe side effects abated. The cancer didnt grow again until last October, whenSutent was replaced with Novartiss Tasigna, developed as a Gleevec backup andapproved in November 2007.

Should Tasigna fail, twotreatments in clinical trials seem promising, Farmers doctors have told her.She said she would be willing to keep the daisy chain going.

For people who have privatehealth insurance like Farmers or who qualify for Medicare, the tax-fundedprogram for Americans over 65, Sutent isnt a personal financial issue.

UnitedHealth GroupInc., the worlds largest health insurance provider, pays for every cancertreatment for the use for which the FDA approved it, and UnitedHealthscompetitors do the same, said Lee Newcomer, senior vice president of oncologyat the Minnetonka, Minnesota-based company.

Pfizer knows very well I cant refuse to cover this drug, Newcomer said in aninterview.

Rationing by Pricing

The cost of reimbursing forSutent and other targeted therapies is factored into every customers premium,which results in a kind of rationing that is putting life-extending treatmentsbeyond the reach of more and more Americans, he said.

Everyones premium goes upbecause we layer that across everyone we insure, he said. All the recenthealth policy talk is that in the U.S. we dont ration, but that isnt a truestatement. We just keep pricing more and more people out of the ability toafford health insurance. We have chosen to ration by just pricing some peopleout.

To decide what to charge fortargeted drugs, some companies use as a benchmark kidney dialysis -- for whichMedicare pays a per-patient average of $71,000 a year -- because it is anotherheroic but effective way of keeping people alive, said TimByers, associate dean of public health practice at the Denver- basedColorado School of Public Health.

The general estimate of thecost of Sutent for the average kidney cancer patient is $50,000 a year,according to UnitedHealth.

Most Liberal Nation

Pfizer wont disclose whatwas spent bringing Sutent to market or the profit it makes off the drug, Loder,the spokesman, said. The company charges wholesalers an average of less than$5,100 for a month at the highest dosage, he said. Pfizer rose 15 cents, orless than 1 percent, to close at $17.48 today in New York Stock Exchange compositetrading.

U.S. regulators dont takepricing into consideration when evaluating whether a therapy should be sold tothe public.

The U.S. is by far the mostliberal nation in letting the market decide the fate of these drugs, saidFlaherty, director of developmental therapeutics at Massachusetts GeneralHospital Cancer Center in Boston, affiliated with Harvard Medical School.

In the U.K., where thetax-funded NationalHealth Service covers all residents, the calculus is different. This drugwas way outside of what we considered cost effective, said PeterLittlejohns, the clinical and public- health director for Britains healthinstitute, in an interview about the 2006 decision again Sutent. The averagelife expectancy was in terms of months, not years, and there will be some whohave no benefit from it.

Daisy Chaining Momentum

The institute reversed itsruling on Sutent last year, persuaded by pressure from oncologists and patientadvocacy groups, a campaign by Pfizer and the companys promise to provide thefirst round of prescriptions to National Health Plan patients at no cost.

At the same time, the U.K.rejected two other targeted therapies covered by Medicare and U.S. insurers:Nexavar for liver cancer and Avastin for advanced bowel cancer. Nexavar wasestimated to cost 65,900 pounds ($102,000) for every quality adjusted year oflife, while for Avastin it was 74,999 pounds, according to institute reports.

The drugmakers areappealing.

The success of targetedtherapy relies on a steady stream of approvals of new drugs and on insurersbeing willing to pay for them. Patients need alternatives because tumor cellsthat survive one drugs attack can regroup and grow, and only a new medicinecan work on them.

More Expensive Treatments

With daisy chaining themomentum is undeniable, according to Flaherty. In metastatic kidney cancer, forinstance, Sutent and five other drugs made available in the last four yearsmoved the average survival rate from 14 months to a range of 36 to 48 months, Flahertysaid.

Improving cancer survivalrates are a real success story that sometime get lost in the noise over ourhealth-care system, said Douglas Blayney, president of the Alexandria,Virginia-based American Society of Clinical Oncology, the largest U.S.organization of cancer doctors. Targeted drugs are driving that survival in amajor way.

The FDA has approved 25targeted agents since 1998, the agencys Web site shows. With hundreds indevelopment, 40 more could be on the market by 2015, according to a 2008 reportby the Boston-based TuftsCenter for the Study of Drug Development, which is affiliated with TuftsUniversity.

The Deep End

As pharmaceutical companies continue to produce these and other more advanced,and more expensive treatments, U.S. cancer-fighting costs will rise fasterthan overall medical spending, according to the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland. Cancertreatment spending rose 75 percent in the decade ending in 2004, to $72.1billion, according to a 2007 NCI report, the latest data available.

Medicare already devotes about a quarter of its budget -- now $450 billion --to care in the last year of life, according to the policy journal Health Affairs. As baby boomers age and fall underthe U.S. tax-funded program, theyre ushering in a new era of spending.

People 65 and older have 10times the cancer rate and 16 times the cancer mortality rate of those younger, NCI datashow. Cancer is the No. 2 killer behind heart disease, responsible for onein four non-accidental deaths, according to the Centers forDisease Control and Prevention in Atlanta.

That number might fall as researchers invent better diagnostics that letdoctors more quickly identify a cancers genetic driver and make smarter drugsthat cleanly knock out cancer drivers, according to Flaherty.

If we can get one moredrug, can we push the tumor so far into hibernation that, while not curing it,were managing it as a chronic disease? he said. We think thats possible.

To contact the reporters onthis story: KenWells in New York at kwells8@bloomberg.net;ShannonPettypiece in New York at spettypiece@bloomberg.net

To contact the editorsresponsible for this story: Robert Blau in Washington at rblau1@bloomberg.net; Reg Gale in NewYork at Rgale5@bloomberg.net

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Jangan Campurkan Susu dan Teh

JanganCampurkan Susu dan Teh

Selainair putih (air kosong), teh adalah minuman yang paling banyak diminum diseluruh dunia. Kandungan antioksidan, vitamin, dan komponen lain yang ada didalam teh membuat teh dipercayai sebagai minuman untuk meningkatkan ketahanantubuh dan mencegah kanser.

Beberapa kajian juga menunjukkan teh mampu mencegah gigi berlubang, mengawalkadar gula darah, dan menyihatkan jantung.

Di banyak tempat, teh seringkali dihidangkan bersama dengan susu (contoh: TehTarik). Meskipun hasilnya lebih sedap, tetapi kajian menyebutkan menambahkansusu ke dalam teh mengakibatkan terhapusnya kandungan berkhasiat yang ada didalam teh.

Dalam kajian yang dipublikasikan di The European Heart Journal, para penyelidiktelah menguji 16 orang dewasa sihat yang diminta minum secawan teh hitam, tehhitam dicampur dengan sedikit susu tanpa lemak, serta air yang dimasak.Kemudian fungsi vaskular para responden diukur.

Jikadibandingkan dengan air, teh hitam secara signifikan meningkatkan fungsiarteri. Tetapi penambahan sedikit susu bahkan menyebabkan khasiat teh itu tidakterlihat.

Parapenyelidik kemudian mengulanginya pada tikus dan mendapati hasil yang sama.Menurut para pakar, protein dalam susu akan mengikat dan menghapuskanantioksidan dalam teh. Perbandingan susu itu sendiri bahkan berlawanan denganmanfaat yang ada pada teh bagi fungsi vaskular.

Kerugiantersebut bukan hanya disebabkan oleh susu lembu sahaja, tapi juga oleh susukacang soya. Protein dalam susu kacang soya juga menghapuskan antioksidan teh.Kerana itu jika ingin mendapatkan manfaat kesihatan dari teh, sebaiknya teh dansusu tidak dicampurkan dan diminum secara berasingan.

Sumber:kompas.com

MANFAAT TEH DI rumah

Jakarta- Teh tidak hanya nikmat diminum dan memberi manfaat bagi kesehatan tubuh. Tapidaun yang mengandung isoflavon ini ternyata juga bisa digunakan untuk perawatanrumah. Seperti dikutip dari Care2, berikut delapan kegunaan lain dari teh untuk'kesehatan' rumah Anda.

1. Membersihkan Karpet

Karpetyang telah berusia lama biasanya menimbulkan bau apek dan berdebu. Membersihkankarpet dengan air dan deterjen tentunya bisa merusak bahannya. Sementara hanyamenyedotnya dengan vacuum cleaner tidak bisa menghilangkan bau. Solusinya,taburkan serbuk daun teh pada permukaan karpet. Setelah didiamkan 10 menit,bersihkan dengan penyedot debu. Karpet pun bersih dan beraroma segar.

2. Mengilapkan LantaiKayu

BagiAnda yang menggunakan kayu untuk lantai rumah, teh hitam bisa membantumengilapkan dan mempertahankan warna kayu. Siapkan air dan cairan pembersihlantai seperti biasa, kemudian tambahkan satu hingga dua cangkir teh hitam yangsudah diseduh. Gosokkan pel pada seluruh lantai dan biarkan mengering.

3. Memoles Furnitur

Seduhanteh juga bisa membantu membersihkan dan mengilapkan furnitur dari kayu.Celupkan kain pada air teh, dan gunakan untuk mengelap meja, kursi danperabotan kayu lainnya.

4. Membersihkan Cermindan Jendela

Tehbisa membersihkan cap jari tangan yang tertinggal pada perabotan kaca,sekaligus membuatnya lebih bening dan bercahaya. Cukup gosokkan kantung tehyang masih setengah basah pada permukaan cermin atau kaca. Atau, masukkan airteh ke botol spray, semprotkan pada kaca dan keringkan dengan lap bersih.

5. Menghilangkan Nodapada Kloset

Nodakecoklatan pada lubang kloset seringkali sulit dibersihkan dan membuat toiletterlihat kotor. Gunakan kantung teh bekas untuk membersihkannya. Masukkankantung teh pada lubang kloset, diamkan beberapa jam, dan siram atau flush.Noda akan terangkat dan lebih mudah dibersihkan dengan sikat.

6. Melenyapkan Bau Amispada Ikan

Bilastangan Anda dengan air teh setelah makan atau memasak ikan. Bau amis ikan akanhilang seketika.

7. Menyegarkan Aromapada Kulkas

Kulkaskerap menimbulkan bau tak sedap karena tersimpan berbagai macam makanan didalamnya. Agar aroma kulkas lebih segar saat dibuka, tempatkan beberapa kantungteh di dalam kulkas. Kantung teh bisa menyerap bau-bau tidak sedap.

8. Pengharum Mobil

Produkpengharum mobil menggunakan pewangi sintetis yang mengandung bahan kimia. Padasebagian orang, bahan kimia bisa menimbulkan reaksi alergi. Sebagai alternatifpegharum mobil yang aman, gunakan campuran serbuk teh dan bunga lavender atauteh herbal, lalu bungkus dengan kain kassa. Letakkan di bawah kursi untukmenghilangkan bau tak sedap.

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Kanser prostat tak kenal usia

Kanser prostat tak kenal usia

Tahukah anda, kanser prostat adalah kanser ketiga paling ditakuti lelaki diseluruh dunia? Pada 2008 saja, sebanyak 900,000 kes dilaporkan dan ia dijangkameningkat kepada 1.7 juta kes menjelang 2030. Angka berkenaan tidak mustahilakan terus meningkat jika kaum lelaki masih tiada kesedaran terhadap penyakitpaling ditakuti itu. Ramai yang tahu mengenainya namun ada juga yang buat-buattidak tahu.

Perunding Klinikal Onkologi Pusat Perubatan HospitalPantai Kuala Lumpur, Dr Lam Kai Seng berkata, kanser prostat penyakit yangsemakin meningkat dalam persekitaran tempatan disebabkan peningkatan dalamjangka hayat penduduk tempatan dan kemewahan yang semakin meningkat dalam gayahidup dan diet yang mirip kepada penduduk barat.

Selain itu, perspektif kebanyakan lelaki yang tunggu sakit baru berjumpa doktorjuga antara yang menyumbang ke arah meningkatnya bilangan pesakit kanserprostat di negara ini.

Ramai masih mengambil ringan mengenainya kerana berpendapat, jika sakitbaru berjumpa doktor untuk pemeriksaan. Tidak kurang juga yang menganggap iahanya menyerang lelaki berusia.

Sebenarnya, andaian itu salah kerana kanser prostat menyerang lelaki tanpamengira usia. Tidak kurang juga ada yang tunggu rasa sakit baru berjumpadoktor, sedangkan pemeriksaan awal mampu menyelamatkan nyawa, katanya.

Menurutnya, kanser prostat merebak melalui empat tahap. Ia dikenal pasti disegi saiz tumor, sama ada nod limfa dijangkiti atau tumor berkenaan merebak kebahagian lain.

Tahap pertama kanser adalah kecil dan terletak di bahagian dalam kelenjarprostat dan tiada gejala apabila pemeriksaan rektal dijalankan.

Pada tahap kedua, kanser masih dalam kelenjar prostat tetapi rasa bengkak bolehdirasai apabila pemeriksaan rektal dijalankan.

Seterusnya pada tahap ketiga, kanser pecah menembusi selaput prostat dankemungkinan besar merebak ke pundi seminal dan pada tahap keempat, ia merebakke pelvis (tulang pinggul), nod limfa atau bahagian lain seperti tulang, hatiatau paru-paru, katanya.

Sementara itu, Perunding Urologi, Datuk Dr Selvalingam Sothilingam berkata,setiap lelaki berisiko dijangkiti kanser prostat. Meskipun negara Asia mempunyaibilangan lebih rendah berbanding Eropah, tidak bermakna golongan lelaki dinegara ini boleh berpeluk tubuh.

Sesiapa saja boleh menghidap penyakit ini. Paling penting, perlu sentiasamenjaga kesihatan dan melakukan aktiviti yang mengeluarkan peluh, katanya.

Apakah simptom kanser ini?

Kerap buang air kecil

Aliran kencing lemah

Mati pucuk

Terdapat darah di dalam air kencing

Sakit sewaktu buang air kecil

Sukar mengawal rasa buang air kecil

Sering berasasakit di pelvis, saraf tunjang, pinggang dan tulang dada.

Faktor risiko?

Sejarah keluarga

Pemakanan

Peningkatan usia

Pendedahankepada bahan tertentu seperti kadmium, getah dan logam.

Penduduk Amerika Syarikat dan Eropah berisiko lebih tinggi terhadap kanser iniberbanding Asia.

Rawatan

Pembedahan dikenali prostatektomi yang biasa dijalankan bagi membuang bahantersumbat pada uretra. Radioterapi bagi memusnahkan sel kanser pada peringkatawal kanser prostat. Kesan rawatan ini, pesakit mungkin mengalami mati pucuk,gangguan pembuangan air kecil, dan saluran uretra menjadi sempit.

Artikel inidisiarkan pada : 2013/01/12

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Penjagaan paliatif pesakit kanser

Penjagaanpaliatif pesakit kanser

KLIK DI SINI

Menurut laporan Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia(WHO), kanser bukan sahaja menyebabkan penderitaan tetapi juga menjadi puncakematian kepada lebih enam juta lelaki dan wanita pada tahun 2000. Jumlah inimerupakan 12 peratus daripada penyebab kematian manusia di seluruh dunia.Dilaporkan juga lebih 10 juta kes baru kanser dikesan setiap tahun.

Pada tahun 2002 sahaja, jumlahnya meningkatkepada 10.9 juta kes baru dan sejumlah 6.7 juta orang dilaporkan mati akibatkanser. Apa yang membimbangkan melalui statistik yang dikeluarkan itu,dianggarkan kadar kejadian kanser akan meningkat sebanyak 50 peratus kepada 15juta kes pada tahun 2020.

Punca peningkatan bilangan kes kanser inidikaitkan dengan semakin tinggi peratusan warga tua disebabkan jangka hayatyang semakin panjang. Di samping itu, faktor gaya hidup tidak sihat sepertiamalan pemakanan dan merokok antara penyumbang utama kepada peningkatanbilangan kes kanser.

Dari segi kes pula, kanser paru-parumencatatkan bilangan paling tinggi penghidapnya di dunia.

Manakala merujuk kepada laporan PendaftaranKanser Kebangsaan 2003, sejumlah 21, 464 kes kanser baru telah dilaporkan diSemenanjung Malaysia. Daripada jumlah tersebut, 9,400 adalah kaum lelaki,manakala 12,064 adalah wanita.

Keseluruhannya, kanser payu dara merupakankanser paling tinggi dilaporkan iaitu sebanyak 3,738 kes, diikuti kanser paru-parusebanyak 1,758 kes (lelaki dan wanita ) dan kanser serviks sebanyak 1,557 kes.

Sementara lima kanser paling utama dikalangan kaum lelaki di negara ini ialah kanserparu-paru, kanser tekak, kanser usus besar, kanser darah dan kanser rektum. Kanserpaling utama di kalangan wanita pula ialah kanserpayu dara, serviks, usus besar, rahim dan kanser ovari.

Ketua Jabatan dan Pakar Perunding Kanan,Jabatan Obstetriks dan Ginekologi, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah , Alor Setar,Kedah, Dr. Mohd. Rushdan Md. Noor berkata, satu pertiga daripada kes kanserboleh dicegah dengan kaedah pencegahan yang sesuai, manakala satu pertiga lagiboleh dirawat.

Bagi pesakit kanser yang sukar dirawat,terdapat kaedah rawatan yang dapat mengurangkan penderitaan mereka. Kaedahrawatan ini dinamakan penjagaan paliatif.

Tidak semua orang mengetahui betapa pentingnya penjagaanke atas pesakit yang menghadapi masalah tersebut dan mengetahui bahawa terdapatkaedah rawatan yang boleh mengurangkan penderitaan penghidap kanser.

Penjagaan paliatif bermaksud penjagaan holistik yangmerangkumi rawatan melegakan masalah fizikal, sosial dan psikologi pesakit, ujarnya ketikaditemui baru-baru ini.

Rawatan paliatif juga merupakan salah satudaripada topik menarik yang dibincangkan dalam buku tulisan beliau bertajukKanser Wanita: Pencegahan dan Rawatan, terbitan Utusan Publication &Distributor (UPND).

Bab ini memperkatakan tentang penjagaanpesakit kanser yang tidak boleh disembuhkan dan pesakit kanser yang berada padaperingkat akhir atau terminal.

Menurut Rushdan, penjagaan paliatif telahlama bertapak di negara ini dan sehingga ke hari ini terdapat banyak pusatrawatan paliatif sama ada di hospital kerajaan mahupun swasta yang dikendalikanoleh petugas yang datang daripada pelbagai latar belakang, termasuk bekaspesakit.

Penjagaan paliatif merangkumi aspek fizikal,mental dan sosial dengan penglibatan semua pihak termasuk doktor, jururawat,pekerja sosial, pakar psikiatri dan paling penting ahli keluarga sendiri.

Penjagaan atau rawatan paliatif inimerangkumi penjagaan sejak pesakit dimasukkan ke wad sehinggalah penjagaanpesakit di rumah.

Pesakit yang mengikuti rawatan ini akandibantu menjalani kehidupan dengan selesawalaupun mereka disahkan mempunyai penyaki yang akan akhirnya membawa maut.

Sementara itu ketika membincangkan secaraterperinci mengenai wanita dan kanser, Rushdan berkata, kajian yang dilakukanoleh International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), menganggarkan sebanyak10.9 juta kes kanser dilaporkan di seluruh dunia pada tahun 2002. Daripada 10.9juta kes, 47 peratus kanser melibatkan kaum wanita.

Kanser payu dara merupakan kanser palingutama di seluruh dunia. Kanser serviks pula merupakan kanser yang kedua palingutama kalangan wanita di dunia lebih-lebih lagi di kebanyakan negara membanguntermasuk Malaysia.

Sambil mengakui berdasarkan pengalaman sertabimbang dengan permasalahan itu jugalah turut mencetuskan idea kepadanyamenulis buku berkaitan penyakit tersebut yang antara lain bertujuan menyedarkanmasyarakat terutama kaum wanita mengenai penyakit kanser, usaha pencegahan danrawatan terkini.

Dalam buku setebal 367 muka surat itu,pelbagai topik dibincangkan meliputi organ reproduktif wanita: anatomi danfisiologi, pencegahan, jenis kanser, rawatan , pemakanan, kanser dan rawatantradisional dan sebagainya. Buku yang ditulis dalam Bahasa Malaysia itu dijualpada harga RM70 sebuah.

Dalam usaha mendedahkan masyarakat kepadabahaya penyakit itu juga, UPND mengambil inisiatif dengan menganjurkan seminarKanser Wanita: Pencegahan dan Rawatan.

Selain Kementerian Pembangunan Wanita,Keluarga dan Masyarakat, seminar yang bakal berlangsung pada 24 Julai di HotelGrand Season, Jalan Pahang itu mendapat kerjasama Lembaga Penduduk danPembangunan Keluarga Negara (LPPKN) dan Majlis Kanser Nasional (MAKNA).

Seminar sehari itu turut menyelitkan upacarapelancaran buku tersebut yang akan disempurnakan oleh Menteri KPWKM Datuk Dr.Ng Yen Yen.

Seminar ini juga berkonsep interaksi dua haladi antara peserta dan ahli panel yang terdiri daripada pakar dalam bidang O& G serta pakar daripada LPPKN. Antaranya, Dr. Juliana Abdul Latif dan Dr.Zamzida Yusoff.

Bagi yang berminat boleh menghubungi03-92856577 untuk keterangan lanjut.

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Kuala Lumpur, WP Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDIBOLEHKAN MENGAMBIL ARTIKEL LAMAN INI DENGAN TIADA BERSYARAT. POHON JUGA DIBUAT PAUTAN KEPADANYA. SILA LAH SEBARKAN UNTUK KEBAIKAN BERSAMA

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