1

2

PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATION OF

PARENT PALMS IN LARGE SCALE

DXP PROGENY TRIALS ON PEAT AND

ALLUVIAL SOILS IN SUMATRA

3

SOURCES OF DELI DURA

AT TOPAZ

• CHEMARA R. S., MALAYSIA

• COTO, COSTA RICA

• DAMI, PAPUA NEW GUINEA

• HARRISONS & CROSFIELD,

MALAYSIA

• MARDI, MALAYSIA

• SOCFIN, MALAYSIA

4

SOURCES OF PISIFERA

AT TOPAZ

• AVROS H&C

• AVROS DAMI

• EKONA CAMEROON

• GHANA

• NIGERIA

• LA ME

• YANGAMBI

5

RRS BREEDING SCHEME AT TOPAZ

A. COSTA RICA

DURA PARENT PISIFERA PARENT

SELECTION SELECTION

250 DURA MOTHER 50 PISIFERA

PALMS SELECTED SELECTED

DXD SELFING DXP - Cloning by tissue culture

Test-crossing - TXP sib-mating

6

RRS BREEDING SCHEME AT TOPAZ

B. OPSG-TOPAZ228 DXD Selfed 440 DXP test-cross progenies - 36 pisifera clones

Progenies from 223 dura x 50 pisifera - 36 TXP progenies

- GCA DURA

- GCA PISIFERA

CANDIDATE DURA - DXP best progenies CANDIDATE PISIFERA

MOTHER PALMS - Elite DXP palms (ortets) TENERA PALMS

SELECTION - These specific DXP crosses may be SELECTIONreproduced exploiting the specificcombining ability (SCA) of the parent involved.

- Tenera ortets may be cloned bysomatic tissue culture.

Superior DXP

Seed Production

New DXP

Test-Crossing

New DXP

test-cross progeny trials

ELITE MOTHER PALM ELITE TENERA

SELECTION FOR AND PISIFERA

DXD SELFING SELECTION

SIB-MATING TXP & TXT

& CROSSING SIB-MATING

& CROSSING

7

TRIAL LOCATIONS

1. Alluvial Soil, Kebun Topaz – 98 ha

(413 progenies : 219 dura x 50 pisifera)

2. Shallow Peat, Kebun Topaz – 105 ha

(439 progenies : 223 dura x 50 pisifera)

3. Deep Peat, Kebun Negeri Lama – 188 ha

(406 progenies : 215 dura x 50 pisifera)

8

PARAMETERS FOR SELECTION

• BUNCH YIELD

• BUNCH NUMBER

• BUNCH WEIGHT

• OIL CONTENT

• TOTAL OIL PER

PALM (TOP)

• BUNCH INDEX

• HARVEST INDEX

• FROND PRODUCTION

• LEAF AREA

• LEAF AREA RATIO

• FROND LENGTH

• PALM HEIGHT

• ANNUAL HEIGHT INCREMENT

• CROWN DISEASE

• NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY PROPENSITY

9

DATA ANALYSIS

• DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS

• ANOVA

• GENERAL COMBINING ABILITY (GCA)

• BEST PERFORMING DXP CROSS (SCA)

• ESTIMATING / PREDICTING THE

PERFORMANCES OF DXP CROSSES

USING GCA VALUES OF THE DURA AND

PISIFIRA PARENTS

10

COMPARATIVE YIELD PROFILE OF TEST-CROSS PROGENIES

IN PEAT AND ALLUVIAL SOILS

DURING THE INITIAL SEVEN YEARS OF PRODUCTION

Key Year after planting 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Marihat in Class II Soils 7 15 19 22 25 27 27 27

Alluvial Soil, Topaz (98 ha) 16 27 31 31 32 30

Shallow Peat, Topaz (105 ha) 15 20 26 30 32 31 34

Deep Peat, Negeri Lama (188 ha) 16 18 20 22 25 25 27

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Year after planting

Bu

nc

h y

ield

(to

n/h

a)

11

ANOVA FOR DXP PROGENY TRIAL ON

ALLUVIAL - KEBUN TOPAZ

TOTAL OIL PER PALM

Source of variation df SS MS F F 5% F 1%

Replication 1 2242.83

Block / Replication 90 20007.92

Progeny 412 21009.46 50.99 2.55 ** 1.19 1.28

Dura (D) 218 8713.43 39.97 2.00 ** 1.22 1.33

Pisifera (P) 49 4495.81 91.75 4.59 ** 1.39 1.60

Interaction D x P 145 7800.22 53.79 2.69 ** 1.26 1.38

Error 318 6355.55 19.99

Corrected Total 821 49615.76

** highly significant (a = 0.01) x = 68.1

CV = 6.6 %

LSD0.05 = 8.8

12

ANOVA FOR DXP PROGENY TRIAL ON

SHALLOW PEAT - KEBUN TOPAZ

TOTAL OIL PER PALM

Source of variation df SS MS F F 5% F 1%

Replication 1 11154.29

Block / Replication 96 41136.63

Progeny 438 28199.98 64.38 1.91 ** 1.18 1.27

Dura (D) 222 13451.29 60.59 1.80 ** 1.22 1.32

Pisifera (P) 49 4635.16 94.60 2.80 ** 1.39 1.59

Interaction D x P 167 10113.53 60.56 1.79 ** 1.24 1.35

Error 345 11642.63 33.75

Corrected Total 880 92133.53

** highly significant (a = 0.01) x = 59.0

CV = 9.9 %

LSD0.05 = 11.4

13

ANOVA FOR DXP PROGENY TRIAL ON

DEEP PEAT – NEGERI LAMA

TOTAL OIL PER PALM

Source of variation df SS MS F F 5% F 1%

Replication 2 5705.99

Block / Replication 129 6867.48

Progeny 405 14055.68 34.71 1.98 ** 1.16 1.23

Dura (D) 214 6817.76 31.86 1.82 ** 1.20 1.29

Pisifera (P) 49 2527.28 51.58 2.94 ** 1.37 1.56

Interaction D x P 142 4710.64 33.17 1.89 ** 1.23 1.34

Error 640 11218.55 17.53

Corrected Total 1176 37847.69

** highly significant (a = 0.01) x = 45.4

CV = 9.2 %

LSD0.05 = 8.2

14

INFLUENCE OF SOIL TYPE ON THE LSM OF THE

DURA AND PISIFERA FOR YIELD AND

GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS

NOT INFLUENCED : Bn, BI, FP, CD, M/F, K/F, K/B, S/F

MORE STRONGLY ON ALLUVIAL THAN PEAT :

Yield, BW, HI, LA, RL, Ht, Brn, F/B, O/M, O/B, CPO

MORE STRONGLY ON PEAT THAN ALLUVIAL :

LAR, Stalk/B, Fibre/M

15

INFLUENCE OF SOIL TYPE ON THE LSM OF DURA

FOR YIELD AND GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS

Locations Dura Sources N Yd (2-6) Bn Bw BI HI FP LA LAR RL'05 +HT'06 MsCD %CD MsBR %BR Na Stalk F/B M/F F/M O/M O/B K/F K/B S/F CPO-mill

Tpz AL Ce 68 227.2 21.0 11.0 0.621 0.358 28.1 6.52 2.61 622 61.1 0.61 4.1 0.46 4.4 4769 8.2 64.7 79.2 13.7 54.5 27.9 8.4 5.4 12.5 7.1

Tpz SP Ce 69 209.3 21.3 9.9 0.645 0.349 28.0 5.55 2.64 563 52.3 0.67 4.4 0.21 1.3 6094 8.8 63.5 78.9 14.1 52.2 26.1 8.2 5.2 13.0 6.2

HSJ DP Ce 65 164.2 20.3 8.1 0.615 0.321 27.9 5.33 2.85 510 45.3 0.75 3.7 0.05 0.2 2979 9.7 62.4 80.5 15.3 50.1 25.1 7.8 4.8 11.7 4.7

Tpz AL Ct 8 219.9 19.8 11.3 0.611 0.355 28.1 6.58 2.59 616 62.8 0.94 5.4 0.65 4.2 584 8.2 66.0 79.1 13.7 53.6 27.9 8.3 5.5 12.7 6.9

Tpz SP Ct 8 210.4 21.3 10.0 0.644 0.347 28.2 5.55 2.60 558 50.2 1.06 7.5 0.15 0.7 696 8.8 64.7 78.7 14.1 51.1 26.0 8.2 5.3 13.1 6.2

HSJ DP Ct 8 161.6 20.0 8.2 0.614 0.323 28.0 5.26 2.83 498 44.6 0.64 3.8 0.04 0.1 369 9.8 62.8 81.2 15.3 49.7 25.3 7.6 4.8 11.2 4.6

Tpz AL Da 114 223.1 19.9 11.3 0.624 0.357 27.9 6.43 2.59 593 58.1 1.26 8.2 0.34 2.2 8461 8.6 64.3 80.3 13.3 53.5 27.6 8.3 5.4 11.4 7.0

Tpz SP Da 117 204.2 20.4 10.0 0.649 0.349 27.8 5.40 2.63 536 48.8 1.31 10.0 0.18 0.9 11118 9.1 64.2 79.9 13.6 50.5 25.9 8.3 5.3 11.8 6.0

HSJ DP Da 114 161.4 19.7 8.2 0.616 0.321 27.9 5.23 2.83 488 43.9 1.31 7.4 0.05 0.2 5327 10.0 62.5 81.6 14.9 49.5 25.2 7.8 4.9 10.7 4.6

Tpz AL HC 18 223.5 18.9 11.8 0.618 0.358 27.2 6.67 2.56 614 59.6 1.06 7.4 0.14 1.2 1538 8.7 65.5 79.5 13.2 54.2 28.1 7.8 5.1 12.8 7.1

Tpz SP HC 18 204.9 19.8 10.3 0.645 0.349 27.0 5.66 2.62 559 51.3 1.27 9.1 0.14 0.7 1900 9.2 64.8 79.1 13.6 51.2 26.2 7.9 5.1 13.0 6.0

HSJ DP HC 17 162.9 18.9 8.6 0.612 0.318 27.2 5.45 2.81 509 47.1 0.54 3.0 0.03 0.1 936 10.0 63.5 80.5 15.1 49.1 25.1 7.6 4.8 12.0 4.6

Tpz AL Md 8 226.6 21.8 10.4 0.613 0.353 28.5 6.38 2.51 612 63.4 1.50 10.2 0.30 1.5 612 8.9 63.6 81.3 14.0 54.4 28.1 7.6 4.9 11.0 7.2

Tpz SP Md 8 197.5 22.2 8.9 0.638 0.341 28.3 5.14 2.54 543 49.6 1.40 11.0 0.08 0.3 716 9.3 62.3 80.7 14.2 51.6 25.9 7.7 4.8 11.6 5.8

HSJ DP Md 8 167.0 21.6 7.8 0.618 0.319 28.5 5.16 2.78 494 47.2 1.35 5.9 0.03 0.1 404 10.3 61.0 82.1 15.2 49.8 24.9 7.5 4.6 10.5 4.7

Tpz AL Sc 2 213.9 19.8 10.8 0.582 0.346 27.1 7.14 2.51 625 59.5 1.59 7.2 0.23 1.4 101 8.4 64.4 80.5 14.2 55.3 28.6 8.6 5.6 10.9 6.9

Tpz SP Sc 2 198.8 20.3 9.9 0.624 0.350 27.3 5.79 2.58 548 50.4 0.32 1.8 0.22 0.9 130 8.8 64.4 80.2 14.9 52.1 27.0 8.8 5.7 11.0 6.0

HSJ DP Sc 2 154.1 19.0 8.1 0.601 0.314 27.0 5.37 2.80 499 41.3 0.76 5.1 0.03 0.1 65 9.7 61.9 81.2 15.2 49.6 24.8 8.4 5.2 10.5 4.3

16

INFLUENCE OF SOIL TYPE ON THE LSM OF PISIFERA

FOR YIELD AND GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS

Lokasi Sumber Dura N Yd (2-6) Bn Bw BI HI FP LA LAR RL'05 +HT'06 MsCD %CD MsBR %BR Na Stalk F/B M/F F/M O/M O/B K/F K/B S/F CPO-mill

Tpz AL Avros 15 222.9 19.7 11.4 0.604 0.345 28.4 6.70 2.54 616 62.6 0.56 4.8 0.08 0.4 5239 8.5 64.0 81.8 13.4 52.6 27.5 8.5 5.5 9.7 6.9

Tpz SP Avros 15 202.8 20.1 10.1 0.629 0.338 28.1 5.63 2.57 557 51.4 0.71 4.6 0.02 0.1 6666 8.9 63.4 81.7 13.8 50.0 25.8 8.4 5.3 9.9 5.9

HSJ DP Avros 15 162.7 19.5 8.4 0.602 0.306 28.4 5.40 2.79 499 46.3 0.36 1.9 0.01 0.0 3111 10.0 61.4 82.3 15.2 48.1 24.3 8.1 5.0 9.5 4.5

Tpz AL Dami 5 218.8 20.3 10.8 0.629 0.354 28.9 5.66 2.46 556 55.3 1.97 15.8 0.60 3.7 1763 8.3 64.3 79.8 12.9 52.7 27.0 8.8 5.7 11.4 6.7

Tpz SP Dami 5 193.4 20.4 9.6 0.648 0.344 28.2 4.82 2.51 505 45.6 2.50 21.9 0.05 0.2 2090 8.8 63.5 79.8 13.1 50.2 25.4 8.7 5.6 11.5 5.5

HSJ DP Dami 5 155.5 19.5 8.0 0.615 0.323 28.0 4.85 2.72 464 39.9 3.33 21.3 0.04 0.1 1032 9.5 63.4 80.9 14.9 49.2 25.2 8.1 5.2 11.0 4.4

Tpz AL Ekona 10 228.5 21.8 10.6 0.621 0.348 27.8 6.64 2.59 642 56.7 1.22 6.9 0.40 2.6 3108 8.9 63.6 78.3 14.2 54.7 27.2 7.8 5.0 13.8 7.0

Tpz SP Ekona 10 207.9 21.8 9.6 0.647 0.341 27.7 5.53 2.63 573 47.6 1.03 7.1 0.22 1.0 4312 9.3 63.1 77.9 14.6 51.9 25.5 7.8 4.9 14.3 6.0

HSJ DP Ekona 10 166.6 20.9 8.0 0.619 0.318 27.8 5.37 2.85 522 42.7 1.00 4.9 0.03 0.1 2045 10.2 61.7 79.9 15.7 50.5 24.9 7.4 4.6 12.7 4.7

Tpz AL Ghana 9 223.7 19.5 11.6 0.633 0.377 27.2 6.26 2.58 579 61.4 0.40 1.8 0.29 2.1 2631 7.7 66.8 79.7 13.5 54.6 29.1 7.6 5.1 12.8 7.3

Tpz SP Ghana 9 204.9 20.2 10.1 0.656 0.362 27.2 5.29 2.63 525 51.1 0.65 4.9 0.05 0.2 3312 8.2 66.4 79.2 13.9 51.0 26.8 7.5 5.0 13.3 6.2

HSJ DP Ghana 9 160.0 19.6 8.2 0.621 0.336 27.3 5.10 2.82 476 46.8 0.76 3.9 0.03 0.1 1734 9.1 65.1 81.6 14.9 49.8 26.4 7.0 4.6 11.4 4.8

Tpz AL Lame 1 243.5 23.0 10.6 0.657 0.352 27.7 6.67 2.83 627 63.1 0.28 0.4 0.08 0.5 476 9.2 62.4 76.7 13.1 53.4 25.4 9.2 5.8 14.1 7.0

Tpz SP Lame 1 211.7 21.6 9.9 0.659 0.334 27.9 5.62 2.76 586 54.2 0.31 2.5 0.40 1.6 586 9.3 63.3 76.2 13.5 49.8 24.0 9.1 5.8 14.7 5.7

HSJ DP Lame 1 167.1 21.2 7.9 0.629 0.311 27.7 5.49 2.98 538 47.4 0.39 1.7 0.00 0.0 291 10.2 60.7 80.0 14.7 48.6 23.6 8.1 4.9 12.0 4.5

Tpz AL Nigeria 6 235.3 21.6 10.9 0.649 0.373 27.7 6.69 2.80 591 57.4 1.39 10.7 0.82 9.7 2038 8.9 63.9 80.1 13.4 54.6 28.0 7.8 5.0 12.1 7.4

Tpz SP Nigeria 6 225.2 22.1 10.2 0.676 0.360 27.6 5.84 2.87 542 51.7 1.43 12.9 0.21 1.4 2635 9.8 62.4 79.6 13.6 52.1 25.9 7.8 4.9 12.6 6.6

HSJ DP Nigeria 6 170.0 20.8 8.2 0.636 0.333 27.3 5.49 3.01 499 44.4 1.93 14.7 0.11 0.5 1329 10.4 61.9 81.5 14.9 50.4 25.4 7.3 4.5 11.3 4.9

Tpz AL Yangambi 4 205.1 17.2 11.9 0.607 0.367 27.5 6.48 2.61 623 58.5 0.98 11.9 0.20 1.5 854 8.9 66.1 77.7 12.3 56.4 28.9 9.6 6.4 12.8 6.7

Tpz SP Yangambi 4 199.3 19.5 10.3 0.641 0.371 27.9 5.29 2.52 552 52.7 0.29 1.9 0.26 1.0 1107 9.3 65.8 76.7 12.4 54.4 27.5 9.6 6.3 13.8 6.2

HSJ DP Yangambi 4 155.1 18.5 8.5 0.607 0.335 28.0 5.15 2.77 502 45.1 2.19 8.6 0.04 0.1 567 10.2 63.1 79.1 14.3 52.8 26.4 8.7 5.5 12.2 4.6

17

PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF ALL POSSIBLE

COMBINATIONS BASED ON THE GCA VALUES OF THE

DURA AND PISIFERA PARENTS

Prediction = Constant + GCA dura + GCA pisifera

50 PISIFERA

223

DURA 11,150 DXP COMBINATIONS

- YIELD TRAITS

- GROWTH TRAITS

18

P I S I F E R A

Dura A 4 E 21 G 34 N 42 N 44

FFB CPO Ht FFB CPO Ht FFB CPO Ht FFB CPO Ht FFB CPO Ht

Ce 37 280.9 8.2 63.1 257.4 7.9 58.2 273.4 8.7 69.5 274.7 7.8 52.7 284.1 8.2 54.7

Ct 91 257.6 8.3 69.9 234.0 8.0 65.0 250.1 8.9 76.2 251.4 7.9 59.5 260.7 8.3 61.5

Da 167 274.2 8.6 57.9 250.6 8.4 53.0 266.6 9.2 64.3 267.9 8.2 47.5 277.3 8.7 49.5

Da 212 249.7 8.1 56.8 226.1 7.9 52.0 242.2 8.7 63.2 243.4 7.7 46.5 252.8 8.2 48.5

HC 235 241.9 7.9 59.0 218.3 7.7 54.2 234.4 8.5 65.4 235.6 7.5 48.7 245.0 7.9 50.7

EXAMPLE OF PREDICTION FOR

FFB, CPO AND HEIGHT INCREMENT

OF DXP PROGENIES

Targets CPO > 8 ton/ha and Ht < 75 cm

19

Parameters Locations

Alluvial Peat Deep Peat

FFB 0.774** 0.704** 0.864**

CPO 0.787** 0.735** 0.813**

Height Inc. 0.837** 0.827** 0.878**

N 413 439 416

Correlation of Predicted Vs Actual Values

**) Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

20

First Year FFB & Total Oil (Mill) Production of

Topaz F2 DxP in 2 Locations

Commencement of harvesting : 30 months after planting

FFB = Fresh Fruit Bunch

TOM = Total Oil ( Mill )

17.7 18.2

21.320.2

5.0 5.06.3 6.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

OP02, P.Maria Estate

(Volcanic, 11 ha)

OP03, Topaz Estate

(Alluvial/Peat, 14 ha)

To

n /

Ha

FFB - Trial mean

FFB - 10 best progenies

TOM - Trial mean

TOM - 10 best progenies

21

Comparison of First Year FFB and Total Oil Production

between F1 and F2 DxP Progenies on Two Locations

16.1

4.2

17.7

4.7

18.2

5.0

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

FFB Total Oil - Mill

Pro

du

cti

on

(T

on

/ha

) F1 - Topaz 1996 (Alluvial, 98 ha)

F2 - P.Maria 2002 (Volcanic, 11 ha)

F2 - Topaz 2003 (Alluvial/Peat, 14 ha)

22

A high yielding F2 DxP Topaz-3

in Trial No.2 Topaz 2003 ( 3 years old )

23

A high yielding F2 DxP Topaz-3

in Trial No.3 Pulau Maria 2003 ( 3 years old )

24

A high yielding F2 DxP Topaz-2

in Trial No.4 Aek Kuo 2003( 3 years old )

25

THANK YOU