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JABATAN PELAJARAN MELAKA

____________________________________________________________

PROGRAM KECEMERLANGAN AKADEMIK

SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2014

CHEMISTRY

MODUL KUMPULAN POTENSI

Modul soalan ini mengandungi 35 halaman bercetak

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TOPICS THAT CONTAIN THE BASIC CONCEPTS THAT STUDENT SHOULD

MASTER IN CHEMISTRY.

TOPIK-TOPIK YANG MENGANDUNGI KONSEP ASAS KIMIA YANG PERLU

DIKUASAI OLEH PELAJAR

1. THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM.

STRUKTUR ATOM

2. CHEMICAL FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS.

FORMULA DAN PERSAMAAN KIMIA

3. THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

JADUAL BERKALA UNSUR

4. CHEMICAL BOND

IKATAN KIMIA

MODULE 1

1 Which of the following substances consist of atoms?

Antara bahan-bahan berikut, yang manakah terdiri daripada atom?

A Iron / Besi C Water / Air

B Sodium chloride / Natrium klorida D Oxygen / Oksigen

2 Table 1 shows the melting and boiling points of substances P, Q, R and S.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan takat lebur dan takat didih bagi bahan P, Q, R dan S.

Substance

Bahan

Melting point / 0C

Takat lebur / 0C

Boiling point / 0C

Takat didih / 0C

P 25 5

Q 50 300

R 256 192

S 10 140

Table 1 / Jadual 1

Which of the following substances is a liquid at room temperature?

Antara bahan-bahan berikut, yang manakah merupakan cecair pada suhu bilik?

A P C R

B Q D S

3

3 Diagram 1 shows the change of the state of matter.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan perubahan keadaan jirim.

Process P

Diagram 1 / Rajah 1

Which of the following is process P?

Antara berikut, yang manakah proses P?

A Freezing / Pembekuan C Boiling / Pendidihan

B Condensation / Kondensasi D Melting / Peleburan

4 When steam changes to water,

Apabila stim bertukar menjadi air,

A density decreases

ketumpatan berkurang

B energy is released

tenaga dibebaskan

C the size of the molecules decreases

saiz molekul berkurang

D the distance between the particles increases

jarak antara zarah-zarah bertambah

5 Which one of the following processes most clearly suggests that matter is made up of

particles in continuous motion?

Antara berikut, proses yang manakah menerangkan dengan jelas bahawa jirim terdiri

daripada zarah-zarah yang sentiasa bergerak?

A Combustion / Pembakaran C Diffusion / Resapan

B Melting / Peleburan D Neutralization / Peneutralan

4

6 What can be deduced from the symbol 2713 Al?

Apakah yang boleh dideduksikan daripada simbol 2713 Al?

I The electron arrangement of aluminium atom is 2.8.3

Susunan elektron bagi atom aluminium ialah 2.8.3

II Aluminium atom has 13 protons and 27 neutrons.

Atom aluminium mempunyai 13 proton dan 27 neutron

III Aluminium atom has a proton number of 27 and 14 neutrons.

Nombor proton atom aluminium ialah 27 dan terdapat 14 neutron

IV The total number of proton and neutron of aluminium atom is 27.

Jumlah bilangan proton dan neutron atom aluminium ialah 27

A I and III C I and IV

B II and IV D II and III

7 Diagram 2 shows the electron arrangement of sodium atom.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom natrium.

Diagram 2 / Rajah 2

Which is the correct standard representation for the atom? [Nucleon number: 23]

Perwakilan piawai yang manakah betul bagi atom tersebut? [Nombor nucleon : 23]

A Na1123

C Na1223

B Na2312

D Na2311

Na

5

8 Diagram 3 shows the symbol for atom X.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan simbol bagi atom X.

Diagram 3 / Rajah 3

Which of the following represents the electron arrangement of ion X ?

Antara berikut, yang manakah mewakili susunan elektron bagi ion X- ?

A 2. 8 C 2. 8. 8. 1

B 2. 7 D 2. 6

9 Which of the following pairs of ion has the same of number of electrons?

[Proton number: Li = 3 , O = 8 , F = 9 , Na = 11 , Mg = 12 , Cl = 17 , Ca = 20 ]

Antara pasangan ion berikut, pasangan yang manakah mempunyai bilangan elektron

yang sama?

[Nombor proton: Li = 3 , O = 8 , F = 9 , Na = 11 , Mg = 12 , Cl = 17 , Ca = 20 ]

A Na+ and Li

+ C Mg

2+ and O

2-

B Cl-

and F- D Ca

2+ and Mg

2+

10 Which of the following isotopes is used to detect the leakage in a gas pipe?

Antara berikut, isotop manakah yang digunakan untuk mengesan kebocoran paip gas?

A Carbon-14 C Cobalt-60

B Iodine-131 D Sodium-24

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11 Which of the following set of substances contain all molecules?

Set bahan kimia yang manakah yang kesemuanya terdiri daripada molekul?

A Methane, chlorine, aluminium,, zinc nitrate

Metana, klorin, aluminium, zink nitrat

B Glucose, carbon dioxide, ammonia, ethanol

Glukosa, karbon dioksida, ammonia, etanol

C Helium, iron, calcium, nitrogen

Helium, besi, kalsium, nitrogen

D Zinc, nitrogen, copper, magnesium oxide

Zink, nitrogen, kuprum, magnesium oksida

12 The Table 2 shows the change of physical state and change of energy of four

substances.

Jadual 2 menunjukkan perubahan keadaan fizikal dan perubahan tenaga bagi empat

bahan.

Process

Proses

Change of physical state

Perubahan keadaan

fizikal

Name of process

Nama proses

Change of energy

Perubahan tenaga

W Gas to liquid

Gas kepada cecair

Condensation

Kondensasi

Heat is given out

Haba dibebaskan

X Liquid to gas

Cecair kepada gas

Melting

Peleburan

Heat is absorbed

Haba diserap

Y Liquid to solid

Cecair kepada pepejal

Freezing

Penyejukan

Heat is absorbed

Haba diserap

Z Solid to gas

Pepejal kepada gas

Sublimation

Pemejalwapan

Heat is given out

Haba dibebaskan

Table 2 / Jadual 2

Which of the processes given in Table 2 is true of the descriptions given?

Antara proses-proses yang dinyatakan dalam Jadual 2, yang manakah benar?

A W C Y

B X D Z

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13 Diagram 4 shows the electron arrangement in ions W -, X

+, Y

2- and Z

2+.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan susunan elektron dalam ion W -, X

+, Y

2- dan Z

2+.

Diagram 4 / Rajah 4

Which of the following shows the correct nucleon number of the ion?

Antara berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan nombor nukleon yang betul bagi ion yang

berkenaan?

Ion

Ion

Nucleon number

Nombor nukleon

A W- 20

B X+ 22

C Y2-

34

D Z2+

40

14 Which of the following processes occur when ammonium chloride is heated?

Antara proses-proses berikut, yang manakah akan berlaku apabila ammonium klorida

dipanaskan?

A Condensation

Kondensasi

C Sublimation

Pemejalwapan

B Melting

Peleburan

D Boiling

Pendidihan

X

X

X

X

X

X

W

10n

X

X X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

12n

X

X X

X

+

Y 16nn X

X

X

X

X

X X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X X

X

X

2-

Z 20n

X

X

X

X

X

X X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X X

X

X

2+

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15 Diagram 5 shows the heating curve of solid benzoic acid.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan lengkung pemanasan bagi pepejal asid benzoik.

Diagram 5 / Rajah 5

Which statement can be deduced from Diagram 4?

Pernyataan manakah yang boleh dideduksikan daripada Rajah 4?

A No heat is absorbed in the first 2 minutes

Tiada haba diserap dalam 2 minit pertama

B Benzoic acid needs 8 minutes to melt completely

Asid benzoik memerlukan 8 minit untuk melebur selengkapnya

C Benzoic acid undergoes physical changes between 2nd

minute to 6th

minute

Asid benzoik mengalami perubahan fizikal di antara minit ke 2 hingga minit ke 6

D The attractive forces between particles of benzoic acid become stronger after 6

minutes.

Daya tarikan antara zarah-zarah asid benzoik menjadi semakin kuat selepas 6

minit.

16 Gypsum, CaSO4.2H2O is widely used in plastering of ceilings. What is the relative

formula mass of Gypsum?

Gipsum, CaSO4.2H2O digunakan secara meluas dalam pembuatan siling plaster.

Apakah jisim formula relatif bagi Gipsum?

A 164 C 172

B 272 D 180

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17 A compound with formula X2CO3 has a relative formula mass of 138. What is the

relative atomic mass of X? [Relative atomic mass : C = 12, O = 16]

Satu sebatian dengan formula X2CO3 mempunyai jisim formula relatif 138. Apakah

jisim atom relatif bagi X? [ Jisim atom relatif : C = 12, O = 16]

A 78 C 69

B 39 D 110

18 A compound of magnesium nitrite contains 72% of magnesium and 28% of nitrogen.

What is the empirical formula of magnesium nitrite?

[Relative atomic mass : N = 14, Mg = 24]

Suatu sebatian magnesium nitrit mengandungi 72% magnesium dan 28% nitrogen.

Apakah formula empirik bagi magnesium nitrit?

[Jisim atom Relatif : N = 14, Mg = 24]

A MgN2

C Mg2N3

B Mg2N D Mg3N2

19 Calculate the number of sulphur atoms present in 206 g of aluminium sulphate,

Al2 (SO4)3.

[Given relative formula mass : Al2 (SO4)3 = 342 ; Avogadros constant = 6 X 10 23

mole -1

]

Hitung bilangan atom sulfur yang terdapat dalam 206 g aluminium sulfat, Al2 (SO4)3.

[ Jisim formula relatif : Al2 (SO4)3 = 342 ; Pemalar Avogadro = 6 X 10 23

mol -1

]

A 0.74 x 6 x 10 23

atoms

C 0.79 x 6 x 10 23

atoms

B 1.8 x 6 x 10 23

atoms D 0.6 x 6 x 10 23

atoms

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20 Diagram 6 shows the set-up of apparatus for an experiment to determine the empirical

formula of magnesium oxide.

Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen untuk menentukan formula

empirik magnesium oksida.

Diagram 6 / Rajah 6

Why is the crucible lid opened once in a while during the experiment?

Mengapakah penutup mangkuk pijar dibuka secara berkala semasa eksperimen?

A To avoid explosion

Untuk mencegah letupan

B To cool the magnesium

Untuk menyejukkan magnesium

C To allow oxygen gas to enter the crucible

Untuk membenarkan oksigen memasuki mangkuk pijar

D To see what happen inside the crucible

Untuk melihat apakah yang berlaku di dalam mangkuk pijar

21 Which of the following is not matched correctly?

Antara berikut, yang manakah tidak dipadankan dengan betul?

Substance

Bahan

Formula

Formula

A Calcium ion

Ion kalsium

Ca2+

B Copper(II) chloride

Kuprum(II) klorida

CuCl2

C Carbon dioxide

Karbon dioksida

CO2

D Ammonium ion

Ion ammonium

NH3

Heat

Haba

Magnesiu

m

Crucible

Mangkuk pijar

Lid

Penutup

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22 Which of the following statements is true for one mole of a substance?

Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar mengenai satu mol bahan?

A 1 mol of hydrogen gas contains 6.02 1023

atoms

1 mol gas hidrogen mengandungi 6.02 1023

atom

B 1 mol of magnesium contains 6.02 1023

molecules

1 mol magnesium mengandungi 6.02 1023

molekul

C 1 mol sodium chloride solution occupies 22.4 dm3 at s.t.p

1 mol larutan natrium klorida menempati 22.4 dm3 pada s.t.p

D 1 mol of water contains the same number of molecules as the number of atoms in

12 g carbon-12.

1 mol air mengandungi bilangan molekul yang sama dengan bilangan atom

dalam 12 g karbon-12

23 The chemical equation below shows a reaction between chlorine and iron.

Which of the following is the formula of the product?

Persamaan kimia di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas antara klorin dan besi.

Antara berikut, yang manakah formula bagi hasil yang terbentuk?

3Cl2(g) + 2Fe(s) 2

A FeCl3 C FeO

B FeCl2 D Fe2Cl

24 Diagram 7 shows the set-up of the apparatus to determine the empirical formula of a

metal oxide.

Rajah 7 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi oksida

logam.

Diagram 7 / Rajah 7

Dry hydrogen gas

Gas hidrogen

kering

Metal oxide

Oksida logam

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Which of the following metal oxides is suitable to be used in Diagram 7?

Antara oksida logam berikut, yang manakah sesuai digunakan dalam Rajah 7?

A Magnesium oxide

Magnesium oksida

C Copper(II) oxide

Kuprum(II) oksida

B Aluminium oxide

Aluminium oksida

D Zinc oxide

Zink oksida

25 The equation below shows the reaction between V and W,

Persamaan di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas di antara V dan W,

V + 2W X + Y

Which of the following statements is true?

Antara berikut pernyataan yang manakah benar?

A V and W are the products of the reaction

V dan W adalah hasil tindak balas

B X and Y are the reactants of the reaction

X dan Y adalah bahan tindak balas

C 1 mole of V react with 1 mole of W to produce 1 mole of X and 1 mole of Y

1 mol V bertindak balas dengan 1 mol W menghasilkan 1 mol X dan 1 mol Y

D 1 mole of V react with 2 moles of W to produce 1 mole of X and 1 mole of Y

1 mol V bertindak balas dengan 2 mol W menghasilkan 1 mol X dan 1 mol Y

26 When copper(II) carbonate is heated , it decomposes to copper(II) oxide and carbon

dioxide gas. The equation for the reaction is

Apabila kuprum(II) karbonat dipanaskan, ia akan terurai kepada kuprum(II) oksida

dan gas karbon dioksida. Persamaan tindak balas ialah

CuCO3 (s) CuO (s) + CO2 ( g)

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12.4 g of of copper(II) carbonate decomposes completely. What is the mass of

copper(II) oxide formed ? [ Relative atomic mass : Cu = 64, O = 16, C = 12 ]

12.4 g kuprum(II) karbonat terurai dengan lengkap. Berapakah jisim kuprum(II)

oksida yang terhasil? [ Jisim atom relatif : Cu = 64, O = 16, C = 12 ]

A 8.0 g C 4.4 g

B 44.0 g D 80.0 g

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Magnesium reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide.

Magnesium bertindak balas dengan oksigen untuk menghasilkan magnesium oksida

2Mg + O2 2MgO

What is the mass of magnesium oxide formed when 2.4 g of magnesium reacts with

excess oxygen? [ Relative atomic mass: Mg = 24 , O = 16]

Berapakah jisim magnesium oksida yang terhasil apabila 2.4 g magnesium bertindak

balas dengan oksigen berlebihan? [ Jisim atom relatif : Mg = 24, O = 16]

A 1.6 g C 4.0 g

B 3.6 g D 8.0 g

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The following chemical equation shows the reaction between sodium and oxygen.

Persamaan kimia berikut menunjukkan tindak balas antara natrium dan oksigen

nNa(s) + O2(g) m

What are the values of n, m and the formula in the box?

Apakah nilai bagi n, m dan formula bagi bahan dalam kotak di atas?

n m Formula

A 2 2 Na2O

B 4 2 Na2O

C 2 2 NaO2

D 2 4 NaO

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29 Diagram 8 shows the set-up of the apparatus used to study the reaction between a

metal oxide and carbon.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan untuk mengkaji tindak balas

antara suatu oksida logam dan karbon.

Diagram 8 / Rajah 8

Which of the following metal oxide will turn the lime water cloudy ?

Oksida logam yang manakah akan menyebabkan air kapur menjadi keruh?

A Magnesium oxide

Magnesium oksida

C Calcium oxide

Kalsium oksida

B Aluminium oxide

Aluminium oksida

D Copper(II) oxide

Kuprum(II) oksida

30 Hydrogen peroxide decomposes according to the following equation:

Hidrogen peroksida terurai berdasarkan persamaan berikut:

2 H2O2 2 H2O + O2

One mole of hydrogen peroxide is decomposed. What is the volume of oxygen gas

released? [1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure]

Satu mol hidrogen peroksida telah terurai. Berapakah isipadu gas oksigen yang

terbebas? [1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3

pada suhu dan tekanan bilik]

A 96 dm 3 C 12 dm

3

B 24 dm 3 D 48 dm

3

Metal oxide and

carbon

Oksida logam dan

karbon

Lime water

Air kapur

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31 Which of the following elements are in Group 1 in the Periodic Table of Elements?

Antara unsur-unsur berikut, yang manakah merupakan unsur kumpulan 1 dalam

Jadual Berkala Unsur?

A Sodium and Chlorine

Natrium dan Klorin

C Lithium and Hydrogen

Litium dan hidrogen

B Sodium and Magnesium

Natrium dan Magnesium

D Lithium and Potassium

Litium dan Kalium

32 Table 3 shows the elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table of elements. The

elements can react with oxygen to form oxides.

Jadual 3 menunjukkan unsur-unsur dalam Kala 3 Jadual Berkala Unsur. Unsur-unsur

tersebut boleh bertindak balas dengan oksigen untuk membentuk oksida.

Elements

Unsur

Na

Mg

Al

Si

P

S

Cl

Table 3 / Jadual 3

Which of the following element form oxide that can react with both hydrochloric acid

and sodium hydroxide solution?

Manakah antara unsur-unsur berkenaan boleh membentuk oksida yang boleh

bertindak balas dengan asid hidroklorik dan larutan natrium hidroksida?

A Na C Al

B S D Cl

33 The information below describes the properties of element X

Maklumat di bawah menerangkan sifat-sifat unsur X

Which of the following elements best fits the above properties?

Antara berikut, unsur manakah yang memenuhi sifat-sifat di atas?

A Chlorine

Klorin

C Argon

Argon

B Potassium

Kalium

D Magnesium

Magnesium

Conducts electricity

Soft and shiny

Reacts vigorously with water

Mengkonduksikan elektrik

Lembut dan berkilau

Bertindak balas sangat cergas dengan air

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34 Which of the following statements best explain the stability of noble gases?

Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah menerangkan dengan tepat tentang

kestabilan gas Adi?

A Have octet electron arrangement except helium

Mempunyai susunan elektron oktet kecuali helium

B Can accept, lose or share electron

Boleh menerima, hilang atau berkongsi electron

C Have 8 valence electrons

Mempunyai 8 elektron valens

D Exists as polyatomic gases

Wujud sebagai gas poliatom

35 Atom of element X has a proton number of 13. Where is X located in the Periodic

Table of Elements?

Atom unsur X mempunyai nombor proton 13. Di manakah X terletak dalam Jadual

Berkala Unsur?

Group

Kumpulan

Period

Kala

A 3 13

B 13 3

C 3 3

D 13 2

36 Table 4 shows the proton number of elements S, T, U and V.

Jadual 4 menunjukkan nombor proton bagi unsur S, T, U dan V

Element

Unsur

S T U V

Proton number

Nombor proton

11 14 16 19

Table 4 / Jadual 4

What is the arrangement of elements S, T, U and V in ascending order of atomic size?

Apakah susunan unsur S, T, U dan V mengikut tertib menaik saiz atom?

A S, T, U, V C U, T, S, V

B S, V, T, U D V, U, T, S

17

37 Astatine is below iodine in Group 17 of Periodic Table.

Which of the following statements is true for astatine?

Astatin berada di bawah iodin dalam Kumpulan 17 Jadual Berkala Unsur.

Antara berikut, pernyataan yang manakah benar mengenai astatin?

A Form basic oxide

Membentuk oksida bes

C Solid at room temperature

Pepejal pada suhu bilik

B Exists as monoatom

Wujud sebagai monoatom

D More electronegative than iodine

Lebih elektronegatif dari iodin

38 In the Periodic Table, element X is in group 1 and element Y is in group 17.

The letters used are not the actual symbol of the elements.

Dalam Jadual Berkala, unsur X berada dalam kumpulan 1 dan unsur Y berada dalam

kumpulan 17.

Simbol yang digunakan bukan simbol sebenar unsur berkenaan.

Which of the following chemical equation is true for the reaction between element X

and element Y?

Antara persamaan kimia berikut, yang manakah benar bagi tindak balas antara unsur

X dan unsur Y?

A 2X + Y2 XY

C 2X + Y X2Y

B X + Y2 XY2 D X + Y XY

39 Which of the following electron arrangements is found in a noble gas atom?

Antara susunan elektron berikut, yang manakah susunan elektron bagi atom gas adi?

A 1 C 2.7

B 2. 8. 2 D 2. 8

18

40 Which of the characteristics indicates that chromium is a transition element?

Sifat yang manakah menunjukkan bahawa kromium ialah unsur peralihan?

A It can form a basic oxide.

Ia boleh membentuk oksida bes

B It can form coloured solution.

Ia boleh membentuk larutan berwarna

C It can conduct electricity.

Ia boleh mengkonduksi elektrik

D It has a high melting point.

Ia mempunyai takat lebur yang tinggi

41 Table 4 shows the position of two elements, P and Q, in the Periodic Table of

Elements.

Jadual 4 menunjukkan kedudukan dua unsur, P dan Q, dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.

Elements

Unsur

Group

Kumpulan

Period

Kala

P 1 3

Q 17 3

Which of the following is true about elements P and Q?

Antara berikut, yang manakah benar tentang unsur P dan Q?

A The atoms of P are smaller than the atoms of Q

Atom P lebih kecil daripada atom Q

B Atoms of P have stronger attraction for other electrons

Atom P menarik elektron lebih kuat berbanding Q

C The number of positive charges in the nucleus of P is less than Q

Jumlah cas positif dalam nukleus P kurang daripada Q

D Atoms of Q have a higher tendency than P to release electrons

Atom Q lebih cenderung menderma elektron berbanding atom P

19

42 Diagram 9 shows part of the Periodic Table.

Rajah 9 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala.

X

Diagram 9 / Rajah 9

What are the electron arrangements of atoms of element X?

Apakah susunan elektron bagi atom unsur X?

A 2. 6 C 2. 8. 6

B 2. 8 D 2. 8. 8

43 Diagram 10 shows the electron arrangement of ion T.

Rajah 10 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi ion T.

Diagram 10 / Rajah 10

Where is element T placed in the Periodic Table?

Di manakah kedudukan unsur T dalam Jadual Berkala?

Group

Kumpulan

Period

Kala

A 17 2

B 18 2

C 2 18

D 2 17

20

44 Diagram 11 shows the formation of sodium ion.

Rajah 11 menunjukkan pembentukan ion natrium.

Diagram 11 / Rajah 11

Which of the following statements are true?

Antara berikut, pernyataan yang manakah benar?

I Sodium atom has an unstable electron arrangement.

Atom natrium mempunyai susunan electron yang tidak stabil

II Sodium ion has an octet electron arrangement as in neon atom.

Ion natrium mempunyai susunan electron oktet seperti atom neon

III Sodium atom donates an electron to form a positive charge ion.

Atom natrium menderma elektron untuk membentuk ion bercas positif

IV Sodium atom reacts with non-metals atoms to form ionic compounds.

Atom natrium bertindak balas dengan atom bukan logam untuk membentuk

sebatian ionik

A I and III only C II and III only

B I, III and IV only D I, II, III and IV

21

45 Diagram 12 shows the electron arrangement of a compound formed between atoms X

and Y.

Rajah 12 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk antara atom X

dan Y.

Diagram 12 / Rajah 12

Which of the following statements is true about the compound?

Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar tentang sebatian tersebut?

A It is an ionic compound

Sebatian tersebut merupakan sebatian ionik.

B The compound is formed by covalent bonds

Sebatian terbentuk melalui ikatan kovalen

C The compound has a high boiling point

Sebatian tersebut mempunyai takat didih yang tinggi

D The compound is formed by electron transfer

Sebatian terbentuk melalui perpindahan elektron

46 Which of the following is a property of covalent compound?

Antara berikut yang manakah sifat sebatian kovalen?

A Conducts electricity in liquid state.

Mengkonduksi elektrik dalam keadaan cecair.

B Dissolves in organic solvents.

Larut dalam pelarut organik.

C Requires a great amount of heat to break the attractive forces between

molecules.

Memerlukan haba yang banyak untuk mengatasi daya tarikan antara molekul.

D Solid covalent compounds consist of particles which are scattered randomly.

Pepejal sebatian kovalen mengandungi zarah-zarah yang tersebar secara

rawak.

X X x Y x

x

x

x x

22

47 The proton numbers of a few elements are as shown:

Nombor proton beberapa unsur adalah seperti berikut:

Element

Unsur

Proton Number

Nombor proton

H 1

Na 11

Mg 12

S 16

With the atoms of which element would chlorine atoms combine by sharing electrons?

Atom unsur manakah yang akan bergabung dengan atom klorin secara perkongsian

elektron?

I H III Mg

II Na IV S

A I only

I sahaja

C II and III only

II dan III sahaja

B II only

II sahaja

D I and IV only

I dan IV sahaja

48 The number of valence electrons of atoms X and Y are 2 and 7 respectively.

Which of the following chemical formulae and types of bonding are true for the

compound formed between X and Y?

Bilangan elektron valens bagi atom X dan Y adalah 2 dan 7 masing-masing.

Antara berikut, formula kimia dan jenis ikatan yang manakah benar bagi sebatian

yang terbentuk antara X dan Y?

Chemical Formula

Formula Kimia

Type of Bonding

Jenis Ikatan

A XY2 ionic

B XY2 covalent

C X2Y ionic

D X2Y covalent

23

49 Diagram 13 shows the electron arrangement of atoms P, Q and R.

Rajah 13 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom P, Q dan R.

Diagram 13 / Rajah 13

R can react with P and Q to form two different compounds. What are the formulae of

the compounds formed?

R boleh bertindak balas dengan P dan Q untuk membentuk dua sebatian yang

berbeza. Apakah formula sebatian-sebatian yang terbentuk?

P and R

P dan R

Q and R

Q dan R

A P2R QR2

B P2R QR

C PR QR2

D PR2 QR2

P Q R

24

50 Diagram 14 shows the electron arrangement of a carbon dioxide molecule.

Rajah 14 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi molekul karbon dioksida.

Which of the following is true?

Antara berikut, yang manakah benar?

A Each oxygen atom contributes one electron for sharing.

Setiap atom oksigen menyumbang satu elektron untuk dikongsi.

B Four double covalent bonds are formed in a carbon dioxide molecule.

Empat ikatan kovalen ganda dua terbentuk dalam satu molekul karbon dioksida

C One carbon atom contributes four electrons to be shared by two oxygen atoms.

Satu atom karbon menyumbang empat elektron untuk dikongsi bersama dua

atom oksigen.

D One carbon atom requires two electrons to achieve the octet electron

arrangement.

Satu atom karbon memerlukan dua elektron untuk mencapai susunan elektron

oktet.

Diagram 14 / Rajah 14

O C O

25

MODULE 2

1. Diagram 1 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur.

Na Cl Ar

K Cu

Diagram / Rajah 1

(a) (i) State the name of the element represented by the symbol Cu in Diagram 1. Nyatakan nama bagi unsur yang diwakili dengan simbol Cu dalam Rajah 1.

.. [1 mark]

(ii) Cu is a transition element.

State one special characteristic of the transition elements.

Cu ialah satu unsur peralihan.

Nyatakan satu sifat istimewa unsur peralihan itu.

.. [1 mark]

(b) Which element is very stable and not reactive? Explain your answer. Unsur yang manakah sangat stabil dan tidak reaktif?Terangkan jawapan anda.

...

...

... [3 marks]

(c) Na and K react with water to produce alkaline solution. Which element more reactive when react with water? Explain your answer.

Na dan K bertindak balas dengan air menghasilkan larutan beralkali.

Unsur yang manakah lebih reaktif apabila bertindak balas dengan air.

Terangkan jawapan anda

...

...

... [3 marks]

26

(d) (i) Na and Cl in the same period. Which element is bigger atomic size? Na dan Cl dalam kala yang sama. Unsur yang manakah mempunyai saiz atom

yang lebih besar?

.. [1 mark]

2 Table 2 shows the diagram of electron arrangement of carbon atom, oxygen atom and

sodium atom.

Jadual 2 menunjukkan gambar rajah susunan elektron bagi atom karbon, atom oksigen

dan atom natrium.

Carbon atom

Atom karbon

Oxygen atom

Atom oksigen

Sodium atom

Atom natrium

Table / Jadual 2

(a) Write the electron arrangement for carbon atom. Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom karbon.

. [1 mark]

(b) Carbon combines with oxygen to form a compound. Karbon bergabung dengan oksigen untuk membentuk suatu sebatian.

(i) What is the type of the compound formed? Apakah jenis sebatian yang terbentuk?

[1 mark]

(ii) Draw the diagram of electron arrangement of this compound. Lukiskan gambar rajah susunan elektron bagi sebatian tersebut.

[2 mark]

C O Na

27

(iii)State one physical property of the compound.

Nyatakan satu sifat fizik bagi sebatian tersebut.

[1 mark]

(c) Oxygen combines with sodium to form another compound. Oksigen bergabung dengan natrium membentuk satu lagi sebatian.

(i) What is the name of the compound formed? Apakah nama bagi sebatian yang terbentuk?

[1 mark]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between oxygen and sodium. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara oksigen dan natrium.

[2 marks]

(iii)The compound formed has a high melting point. Explain why.

Sebatian yang terbentuk mempunyai takat lebur yang tinggi. Terangkan

mengapa.

[2 marks]

3 Graph 1 shows the temperature against time when solid P is heated.

Graf 1 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa bagi pemanasan pepejal P.

Graph 1[Graf 1]

t1

Temperature / oC

Suhu / oC

Time / s

Masa /s t2

t3

t4

t5

28

83

136

200

28

(a) Based on Graph 1 ,

Berdasarkan Graf 1,

(i)

(ii)

What is meant by melting point ?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan takat lebur ?

................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

State the boiling point of substance P

Nyatakan takat didih bahan P

[1 mark]

(iii) Explain why the temperature remains constant from time t1 to t2.

Terangkan kenapa suhu tidak berubah dari masa t1 hingga t2.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

(b) Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2 shows the apparatus set up of two experiments

Rajah 3.1 dan Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi dua eksperimen

Purple colour of potassium manganate(VII) crystal

spread throughout water

Warna ungu kalium manganat(VII) merebak ke seluruh

air

Diagram 3.1 [Rajah 3.1]

After 3 days

Selepas 3 hari

Purple colour of potassium manganate(VII) crystal s

pread throughout the gel

Warna ungu kalium manganat(VII) merebak ke seluruh agar-

agar

Potassium manganate(VII) crystals

Hablur kalium manganat(VII)

After 1 hour

Selepas 1 jam

Potassium manganate(VII) crystals

Hablur kalium manganat(VII)

Water

Gel

Agar-agar

29

Diagram 3.2 [Rajah 3.2]

(i) State the name of the process involved in the experiments Nyatakan nama proses yang terlibat dalam ke dua-dua eksperimen

....................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(ii) State the type of particle present in potassium manganate(VII) crystals. Nyatakan jenis zarah yang terdapat dalam hablur kalium manganat(VII)

[1 mark]

(iii)Based on Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2, explain the differences in the observation by

using kinetic theory of matter.

Berdasarkan Rajah 3.1 dan Rajah 3.2, terangkan perbezaan dalam pemerhatian

dengan menggunakan teori kinetik jirim.

....................................................................................................................................

[3 marks]

4(a) Diagram 4 shows the standard representation of two isotopes of chlorine atoms.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan perwakilan atom bagi dua isotop atom klorin.

Diagram 4

Rajah 4

(i) Based on Diagram 4, state the meaning of isotope. Berdasarkan Rajah 4, nyatakan maksud isotop.

..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

Cl3517

Cl3717

30

(ii) Determine the number of neutrons in Tentukan bilangan neutron dalam

Cl3517 :

Cl3717 :.

[2 marks]

(iii) State one use of chlorine in our daily lives. Nyatakan satu kegunaan klorin dalam kehidupan seharian.

.. [1 mark]

(b) X is a substance that has melting point of 43oC and boiling point of 89

oC.

X adalah satu bahan yang mempunyai takat lebur 43

0C dan takat didih 89

0C.

(i) Sketch a graph of temperature against time when substance X is heated from

30 0C to 80

0C.

Lakarkan graf suhu melawan masa apabila bahan X dipanaskan daripada 30 0C hingga 80

0C.

[2 marks]

(ii) Explain the arrangement of particles in substance X at : Terangkan susunan zarah dalam bahan X pada :

30 0C :

80 0C :

. [2 marks]

31

5.

(a)

Diagram 5.1 shows an apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.

Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik magnesium oksida.

Why is it necessary to clean the magnesium with sand paper before the weighing process?

Mengapakah magnesium perlu dibersihkan menggunakan kertas pasir sebelum proses menimbang?

.....................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

Table 5.2 shows the results for the experiment to determine the empirical formula of magnesium

oxide.

Jadual 5.2 menunjukkan keputusan bagi satu eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi

magnesium oksida.

Mass of crucible + lid

Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup 28.24 g

Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium ribbon

Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + pita magnesium 30.64 g

Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide

Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + magnesium oxide 32.24 g

Table 5.2

Jadual 5.2

Heat

Dipanaskan

Magnesium ribbon

Pita magnesium

Diagram5.1

Rajah 5.1

32

(b)

Based onTable 5.2, complete Table 5.3 and determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.

Berdasarkan Jadual 5.2, lengkapkan Jadual 5.3 dan seterusnya tentukan formula empirik bagi

magnesium oksida:

[Relative atomic mass: O = 16, Mg = 24]

[Jisim atom relatif: O = 16, Mg = 24]

Element

Unsur Mg O

Mass (g)

Jisim

Number of moles

Bilangan mol

Simplest ratio of moles

Nisbah ringkas bilangan mol

Empirical formula

Formula empiric

Table 5.3

Jadual 5.3

[4 marks]

(c) What must be done to ensure that the reaction has completed?

Apakah yang perlu dilakukan untuk memastikan tindak balas telah lengkap?

.. [1 mark ]

(d) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in the experiment.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas dalam eksperimen itu.

.................................................................................................................................

[2marks]

(e) Can the empirical formula of copper (II) oxide be determined using this same method? Give the

reason why.

Bolehkah formula empirik bagi kuprum(II) oksida ditentukan menggunakan cara yang sama?

Berikan alasannya .

....................................................................................................................................

[2marks]

33

6 Diagram 6 shows the set up apparatus of an experiment to determine the empirical

formula of copper oxide.

Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan radas eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empiric

bagi kuprum oksida.

Diagram 6

Rajah 6

(a) What is the meaning of empirical formula?

Apakah maksud formula empirik?

....... [1 mark]

(b) (i) Name an acid and a metal that can be used to prepare hydrogen gas in

this experiment.

Namakan suatu asid dan logam yang boleh digunakan untuk menyediakan

gas hidrogen dalam eksperimen ini.

[1 mark]

ii)

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between the acid and

the metal in (b) (i).

Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang untuk tindak balas yang

berlaku di antara asid dan logam di (b) (i).

.... [1 mark]

Copper(II) oxide

Kuprum(II) oksida

Heat

Panaskan

Anhydrous calcium chloride, CaCl2

Kalsium klorida kontang, CaCl2

Hydrogen gas

Gas hidrogen

Porcelain dish

Mangkuk

porselin

34

Table 6 shows the results of an experiment carried out by a student.

Jadual 6 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen yang dilakukan oleh pelajar.

Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish

Jisim tiub pembakaran + mangkuk porselin

30.24g

Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + copper (II) oxide

Jisim tiub pembakaran + mangkuk porselin + kuprum(II)

oksida

32.26g

Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + copper

Jisim tiub pembakaran + mangkuk porselin + kuprum

31.86g

Table 6 Jadual 6

(c)(i) Calculate the number of moles of copper in this reaction.

[Relative atomic mass : Cu = 64]

Kirakan bilangan mol kuprum dalam tindak balas ini.

[Jisim atom relatif : Cu= 64]

[2 mark]

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of oxygen in this reaction.

[Relative atomic mass : O = 16]

Kirakan bilangan mol oksigen dalam tindak balas ini.

[Jisim atom relative: O= 16]

[2 mark]

(d)(i) Determine the empirical formula of copper oxide.

Tentukan formula empirik kuprum oksida.

35

[2 mark]

(ii) Name another metal oxide with empirical formula that can be determined using

the same method.

Namakan suatu oksida logam yang lain di mana formula empiriknya ditentukan

dengan kaedah yang sama.

.. [1 mark]

(e) M is a reactive metal. Suggest a method to determine the empirical formula of

the oxide of M.

M merupakan suatu logam reaktif. Cadangkan satu kaedah untuk menentukan

formula empirik bagi oksida M.

...............................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

Sumbangan: Panel-Q, Majlis Guru Cemerlang Negeri Melaka