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Professional Training Program on SolidWaste Management in SEA Cities, 4-5July 2005, Siem Reap, Cambodia

1

HEADING TOWARDS ZEROWASTE IN

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

The Penang ExperiencePresented By Khor Hung Teik

Professional Training Programon Solid Waste Management inSoutheast Asian Cities4-5 July 2005, Siem Reap,Cambodia

SWM Problems

690 tons (2003) of garbage / day on IslandOnly!

(1,600 tons for whole State)

Around 0.9 1.1 kg per day for each person

USD 35.00 per ton for waste collection,waste transfer, landfilling

Costs around USD 632,000 per month


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ZONE

X

NORTH

ZONE

ZONE AIR

ITAMA

ZONE

Y

SOUTHZONE

ZONE AIR ITAM

B

COUNCIL

Area: 299.65sq km

Population:660,000

7 zones forwastecollection

Sent toMarineTransferStation

SWM Problems (contd)

Landfill can last only 4-6 years (can be extended to 24years if waste can be diverted)

Domestic Waste consists of 40-50% wet organic matter

Privatised waste collection (4 contractors cover 80% ofIsland, Council the remaining 20%)

Increasing costs of waste disposal as population grows

No charges to consumers

Cost included into yearly property assessment rates

No itemised billing in assessment rate


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THE APPROACH:THE APPROACH:

3 approaches applied:-

1. Direct Approach

2. Vendors Approach

3. Networking Approach

1. Direct Approach: (A package: Talks + Recycle Bin Supply)

Local Authority campaigns directly with the target group

through talks, briefings and exhibitions

Target groups : Schools, Higher Learning Institutions,

Kindergarten, Organisations, Factories, Private Firms,

Hospitals, Government Agencies, Associations, NGOs etc.

Taught the Dos and Donts and what material can be recycled

and what cannot be recycled

Public Education through KAP (Knowledge, Attitude,

Practice), 3 P (Passion, Patience, Patient) 3 R (Reduce, Reuse,

Recycle)

AVA is widely used in this approach

Samples and displays are very essential

Motivational talks and briefing


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2. Vendors Approach:

The Vendor System was introduced to the community to

ensure a sustainable and more systematic collection

The Vendor System the Local Authority free to focus on future

planning, new strategies and other environmental programmes

Needs no total concentration on the collection issue

28 companies are listed as recycling vendors presently

Vendors list is given to public / community normally after thetalks

Public are given the right to choose whichever company

(vendor) they feel comfortable to work with

3. Networking Approach:

a) Vendors Networking

Vendors Networking concept was introduced to all the listed

vendors through workshops or meetings

Vendors are required to collect all kind of recyclables with no

exceptions

Vendors were introduced to each other during workshops or

meetings

Vendors are required to state their preferences and specialty

Vendors are then able to either exchange their recyclables or

trade with each other


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MPPP

COMMUNITY VENDOR

WIN

WIN WIN

MPPP win = sustainable programme which need no total

monitoring or focusing

COMMUNITY win = obtained best price available on

recyclables in the market

VENDOR win = constant supply of recyclables from

permanent customers

b) Public - Private Networking:

Approach used is through a structure introduced by United Nation

Development Programme (UNDP) which is known as PPPUE

(Public Private Partnership for Urban Environment)

MPPP

COMMUNITY PRIVATE


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The Smart Partnership

Year 2000 State Government set up thePenang Local Government ConsultativeForum set up 5 Working Groups

Penang Environment Working Group(PEWOG) was on of them

PEWOG

PEWOGs Vision

To be a contributing and internationallyrecognised environmental body.

PEWOGs Mission

To assist the Penang State Government and

the Malaysian Federal Government toachieve a clean and safe living environmentfor the people of Penang and Malaysia.

Objective

To be a clearing house of environmentalissues in the State of Penang, particularly inlocal government, environment, agricultureand eco-tourism.


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NGOs & CBOs

Community members include: 1. Island Park Rukun Tetangga (Neighbourhood)

Movement (RTIP) 2. Malaysian Nature Society (MNS), Penang Branch 3. Penang Inshore Fishermens Welfare Association

(PIFWA)

4. ConsumersAssociation of Penang (CAP) 5. Dalat International School 6. Green Lane Community Centre (GLCC) 7. Sahabat Alam Malaysia (SAM) 8. Individuals from the community.

Government

1. Municipal Council of Penang Island

2. Municipal Council of Seberang Perai)

3. Department of Environment, DOE

4. Drainage & Irrigation Department, DID

5. Universiti Sains Malaysia (NationalPoisons Centre).


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Private Businesses

1. Ee Sheng Huat Sdn. Bhd. 2. Eurasia Express Sdn. Bhd. 3. Idaman Bersih Sdn. Bhd. 4. LHT Kitarsemula Sdn. Bhd. 5. Muda Holdings Bhd. 6. NKH Cartridges Trading

7. Pinang Resources Sdn. Bhd. 8. Sinaran Matahari (SIMA) 9. Alif Teknologi (M) Sdn. Bhd. 10. Central Malaya Paper Sdn. Bhd. 11. Elizar Enviro Consult Sdn. Bhd. 12. OK Scrap Trading

activities

Organized awareness campaigns, seminars,

workshops

exhibitions

Visits

Database on SWM


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Recycling Programmes

The Recycling Programme in Penang has threephases:

Phase One: Pilot Project of the CommunityRecycling Programme and Awareness Campaignfrom 31st July 2001 to 30th July 2002 (one year)

Phase Two: Information Collection andDissemination Programme from 31st July 2002 to

30th July 2003 (one year), and Phase Three: Expansion of the Community

Recycling Programme from 31st July 2003 to 31stDecember 2005 (two and a half years).

Recycling Data 1992 - 2004

15.56%283,335.1744,093.17655239,2422004

8.25%274,884.2922,669.29691252,2152003

1.59%241,827.743,844.74652237,9832002

0.16%200,197.63319.63547199,8782001

0.03%199,242.5457.54545199,1852000

0.04%178,148.2075.20487178,0731999

0.04%174,760.6074.60479174,6861998

0.05%184,861.2585.25506184,7761997

0.16%188,221.41300.41515187,92119960.07%192,142.74126.74526192,0161995

0.04%232,716.8991.89637232,6251994

0.02%206,013.8340.83564205,9731993

505184,8121992

(C/D)(A+C=D)(C )(B)(A)

RecyclingRates %

Total WasteGenerated

(MetricTons)

RecyclingWeights(MetricTons)

Waste(metric

tons) perday

Waste(metrictons)

Per YearYear


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Recycling Tonnage & Total Waste

Collected (1992-2004)

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004R

ecyclab

les

(m

etric

to

n

s

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

T

o

talW

aste

(m

etric

to

n

s

Recycling Weights (Metric Tons) Total Waste Generated (Metric Tons)

Recycling Rates Collected (1992-2004)

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

Recycling Rat es %

RecyclingRates % 0 . 16 % 1. 5 9 % 8 . 2 5 % 15 . 5 6 %

2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4


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Recycling Communities

82Total

22Schools

9Hospitals18Neighborhood Watches

10Residents Associations

8NGOs

2JKKK

13Churches

Recycling Businesses

61Total

41Sub-Total

1Wood

10Scrap/ Metals

1Rubber

7Plastics

5Paper

1Furniture/ Crockery / Kitchen

14E-waste

2Bottles / Gunny

Specilaist Buyers

20Sub-Total

5Buyers

15Recycling Agents

No.Businesses


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Successes

Recycling rates of 15.5% official figures Unofficial > 20% (Country average 3%) Diverted from 58 metric tons in 2000 to 44,094 metric

tons in 2004. Savings RM5.86 million (US$1.54 million) in 2004. Household Hazardous Waste Collection

E-waste Collection Programme at wet markets and supermarkets Household Composting Networking of stakeholders Recycling Directory

Successes

Complements Government efforts topromote recycling and composting

No additional staff needed to be employedby Municipal Council

Active involvement of Neighbourhood WatchGroups

Formation a network of recycling agents andstakeholders in the recycling industry


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Other benefits

Information and database on SWM in Penang started.

1-stop reference point for people

Increased awareness of the citizens regardingrecycling and composting

Employment creation through recycling and resourcerecovery.

Website: www.pewog.org created and maintainedthrough private sector efforts.

Production of Guidebooks and manuals

Talks & Lectures

Training courses

Way Forward

Training of Trainers

Outreach Programme

Waste separation at source (household) More centres for Hazardous waste collection

E-waste collection

Composting at community & Municipal levels

Municipal MRF

Zero Waste Programmes

Alternatives to Styrofoam

3R


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International Projects

2003/04

UNDP-PPPUE Public Private Partnerships in Community WasteRecycling and Waste Management.

2005

1. JICA Study on National Waste Minimization in Malaysia Pilot Project for Local Recycling Network and Source Separationof Municipal Solid Waste in the Penang Municipal council (PP-II)

2. Green Productivity Demonstration Program In Malaysia -SolidWaste Management and Greening of The Hotel Belt in BatuFerringhi and Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang

Challenges

Lack of political will

Reluctance of local authorities to give

cooperation Lack of funding

Needs time to change peoples mindset

Need community champions


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GOVERNMENT Legislation Infrastructure

Solid Waste Disposal

Public Awareness & Education

Resource Recovery

Composting

Incentives

Waste Audits

COMMUNITY Practice 3Rs

CommunityRecycling

Source Separation

Composting

PRIVATESECTOR

Green Production

Eco-friendly products

Extended ProducerResponsibility

Buy BackProgrammes

Recycling Agents

Buyers

Processors

Converters

INTEGRATEDSOLID WASTEMANAGEMENT

(ISWM)Towards

Zero Waste

FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP OFSTAKEHOLDERS IN PENANGS ISWM SYSTEM

PC Recycling Programme

Launched on 29th February 2004


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Household Hazardous Bins in 5 public markets:

TANJUNG BUNGA MARKET

PULAU TIKUS MARKET

BAYAN BARU MARKET

BALIK PULAU MARKET

ANSON ROAD MARKET

PROMOTING

RECYCLINGACTIVITIES


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COMPOSTINGACTIVITIES


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Safe Handling & Disposal of e-waste

E-waste CollectionCampaigns


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THANK YOU FOR YOUKIND ATTENTION!

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