kementerian pelancongan, kebudayaan dan alam sekitar sabah · sebagai mengenang budi dan jasa saya...

Seminar Bencana Alam 2015 1-2 Disember 2015

Pusat Kajian Bencana Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Sumber Alam, Universiti Malaysia Sabah 1

Perutusan Menteri Pelancongan, Kebudayaan Dan Alam Sekitar, Sabah

Kementerian Pelancongan, Kebudayaan dan Alam Sekitar Sabah

Assalammualaikum Warahmatullahhi Wabarakatuh dan Salam sejahtera.

Syukur ke hadrat Allah S.W.T kerana dengan limpah dan kurnia-Nya dipertemukan kita di Seminar

Bencana Alam 2015 (BENCANA 2015) ini yang merupakan kesinambungan penganjuran seminar

BENCANA 2013 yang lalu. Syabas dan tahniah diucapkan di atas kerjasama antara Pusat Kajian

Bencana Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Sumber Alam UMS dan Jawatankuasa Pelaksana Seminar Bencana

2015 atas usaha gigih dan dedikasi dalam memastikan kelancaran seminar ini. Penghargaan juga

diberikan kepada pihak Persatuan Geologi Malaysia & Institut Geologi Malaysia bersetuju menjadi

penganjur bersama seminar BENCANA 2015.

Seperti yang kita maklum baru-baru ini kita telah digemparkan dengan satu berita yang pasti

menyayat hati kita semua. Dengan gegaran bermagnitud 5.9 pada skala Ritcher di daerah Ranau telah

meragut sebanyak 18 nyawa dan kemusnahan alam yang dahsyat akibat kesan gegaran.

Sememangnya, kita tidak dapat menduga kejadian seumpama ini. Adalah menjadi harapan dengan

adanya seminar seumpama ini akan sedikit sebanyak meminimakan kehilangan nyawa dan

kemusnahan harta benda pada masa yang akan datang.

Dengan penganjuran program ini, para penyelidik dapat berkongsi maklumat hasil

penyelidikan yang terkini dalam pelbagai aspek isu bencana di samping memberi peluang kepada para

peserta untuk berbincang, bertukar maklumat dan idea dan seterusnya membantu mewujudkan

jaringan kerjasama dalam apa jua bidang yang berkaitan dengan bencana selaras dengan objektif

seminar ini. Saya berharap agar seminar ini dapat menyediakan platform yang sesuai bagi tujuan

tersebut khususnya bagi negeri Sabah yang berisiko tinggi untuk berhadapan dengan bencana ini pada

masa hadapan. Adalah menjadi harapan pihak kerajaan dengan penganjuran program sebegini akan

dapat memperkasakan lagi bidang penyelidikan dan kerjasama antara pihak-pihak yang

berkepentingan dalam isu-isu bencana agar aspek kefahaman pelbagai isu bencana yang sering

melanda rantau ini dapat dipertingkatkan dan mampu mencari penyelesaian yang sesuai untuk

mengurangkan risiko bencana tersebut.

Dalam kesempatan ini, saya juga ingin mengucapkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan dan

sekalung budi sekali lagi buat mereka yang menjayakan seminar ini sama ada secara langsung atau

tidak langsung terutamanya kepada AJK Pelaksana Seminar BENCANA 2015, Unit Kajian Bencana

Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Sumber Alam UMS, Pusat Penyelidikan dan Inovasi UMS serta Institut

Geologi Malaysia atas sokongan dan kerjasama padu yang ditonjolkan.

Akhir kata, semoga seminar ini dapat memberi manfaat kepada semua peserta dan

pembentang. Sekian, terima kasih.

(DATUK SERI PANGLIMA MASIDI MANJUN)



Perutusan Naib Canselor

Assalammualaikum Warahmatullahhi Wabarakatuh dan Salam sejahtera

Selamat datang ke Seminar Bencana Alam 2015. Alhamdulillah, segala puji-pujian dipanjatkan

kehadrat Allah S.W.T atas peluang untuk kita dapat berkumpul dalam Seminar Bencana Alam 2015.

Selaku tuan rumah dan penganjur, pihak Universiti Malaysia Sabah sangat berbesar hati atas kesudian

para hadirin untuk bersama-sama menjayakan seminar kali ini.

Seminar Gempa pada tahun ini akan mefokuskan isu-isu bencana alam seperti tanah runtuh,

banjir, hakisan pantai dan sungai, gempa bumi, taufan serta jerebu yang telah memberi kesan yang

mendalam kepada masyarakat terutama dalam aspek ekonomi, alam sekitar, kesihatan dan

keselamatan. Ini adalah sejajar dengan tema yang di pilih tahun ini iaitu ‘Ke Arah Pengurusan

Bencana Yang Mapan’.

Saya bagi pihak Universiti Malaysia Sabah berharap agar semua peserta dapat mengambil

peluang ini dengan sebaiknya. Semoga dengan berlangsungnya seminar ini akan menjadi wadah untuk

para peserta saling bertukar idea dan berkongsi pandangan secara ilmiah berkaitan dengan hasil kajian

yang diusahakan. Semoga ianya akan membuka pintu kerjasama untuk para peserta pada masa

hadapan.

Akhir kata, semoga semua peserta beroleh manfaat dan selamat berseminar!!

Sekian, Terima Kasih

“BERTEKAD CEMERLANG”

PROF. DATUK DR. MOHD. HARUN ABDULLAH

Naib Canselor

Universiti Malaysia Sabah



Kata-kata Aluan Dekan Fakulti Sains dan Sumber Alam

Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim


Alhamdulillah, syukur ke hadrat Ilahi, maka dengan izin-Nya, Seminar Bencana Alam 2015 berjaya

dianjurkan pada tahun ini dengan kerjasama Pusat Kajian Bencana Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Sumber

Alam, UMS dan Institut Geologi Malaysia. Dalam kesempatan ini saya ingin mengucapakan setinggi-

tinggi tahniah dan amat berbangga dengan komitmen yang diberikan oleh para peserta dalam

menjayakan seminar ini.

Adalah menjadi harapan besar agar seminar ini dapat menyumbang idea dan ilmu yang

bermanfaat kepada semua pihak yang berkaitan. Selain itu, diharapkan juga agar hubungan diantara

para penyelidik dapat dijalinkan dengan lebih erat lagi. Secara tidak langsung, seminar ini turut

manjadi medan perkongsian ilmu dalam menghasilkan penyelidikan yang bermutu dan berkualiti serta

diharapkan membantu dalam mendepani isu-isu bencana alam.

Diharapkan juga, seminar ini menjadi pemangkin kepada penglibatan penyelidik dalam

menghasilkan penyelidikan yang dapat diterbitkan ke peringkat yang lebih tinggi. Akhir kata, semoga

seminar ini akan tetap diteruskan pada masa akan datang untuk melahirkan penyelidik yang lebih

berinovatif dan proaktif.

Setinggi-tinggi penghargaan kepada Menteri Pelancongan, Kebudayaan dan Alam Sekitar

Sabah atas sumbangan dana yang diberikan. Sekalung penghargaan kepada AJK pelaksana yang

berjaya merealisasikan seminar ini. Tidak lupa juga buat mereka yang menjayakan seminar ini sama

ada secara langsung atau tidak langsung.


PROFESOR DR. BABA MUSTA

Dekan Fakulti Sains dan Sumber Alam




Kata-kata Aluan Pengerusi BENCANA 2015



Terlebih dahulu dipanjatkan syukur ke hadrat ilahi dengan izin-Nya Seminar Bencana Alam 2015

telah berjaya dilangsungkan pada tahun ini. Dengan penglibatan penganjur bersama Institut Geologi

Malaysia (IGM) telah memeriahkan lagi seminar kali ini. Tidak dilupakan juga setinggi-tinggi

penghargaan kepada pihak Kementerian Pelancongan, Kebudayaan dan Alam Sekitar Sabah kerana

telah sudi memberikan penajaan dan sokongan ke atas seminar ini.

Seminar Bencana Alam 2015 yang merupakan program susulan kepada Seminar Bencana

Alam 2013 bertujuan untuk menyediakan satu platform perkongsian maklumat dan kepakaran dalam

bidang kajian bencana alam. Adalah menjadi harapan semoga dengan berlangsungnya seminar kali ini

menjadi titik permulaan kepada kerjasama penyelidikan yang lebih erat pada masa hadapan.

Sebagai mengenang budi dan jasa saya mewakili pihak penganjur ingin merakamkan jutaan

terima kasih khusunya kepada Menteri Pelancongan, Kebudayaan Dan Alam Sekitar Negeri Sabah,

Naib Canselor Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Dekan Fakulti Sains dan Sumber Alam UMS dan

Pengarah Pusat Kajian Bencana Alam UMS atas kerjasama dan sokongan untuk kelancaran

perjalanan seminar kali ini. Kepada semua Ahli Jawatankuasa Seminar Bencana 2015 yang telah

menyumbangkan masa dan kerahan tenaga diucapkan syabas atas usaha dan kerjasama yang telah

diberikan.

Akhir kata, semoga seminar seumpama ini akan dapat diteruskan lagi untuk kebaikan bersama

dalam menangani dan mengurus isu-isu bencana alam pada masa yang akan datang.

Sekian, Terima Kasih.


RODEANO BIN HJ ROSLEE

Pengerusi

Seminar Bencana Alam 2015




Kata-kata Aluan Penganjur Bersama



Institut Geologi Malaysia (IGM) secara rasminya telah didaftarkan pada tahun 1989. Kini IGM telah

menjadi antara penyumbang penting kepada perkembangan ilmu geologi khususnya di Malaysia.

Institut ini bergiat aktif dalam menganjurkan pelbagai aktiviti dalam rangka merungkai fenomena

yang berkaitan dengan geosains.

Seminar Bencana Alam 2015 yang merupakan seminar yang ketiga kesinambungan kepada

Seminar Bencana Alam yang pertama pada tahun 2011. Pada tahun ini, Institut Geologi Malaysia

amat berbesar hati berpeluang menjadi pengajur bersama untuk seminar kali ini.

Penganjuran Seminar Bencana Alam 2015 ini adalah selari dengan keperluan untuk

memahami, mengetahui dan menyelidik pelbagai aspek dan dimensi isu-isu yang berkaitan dengan

bencana alam khususnya di Malaysia dan amnya di rantau Asia Tenggara. Ruang dan platform

sebegini sangat perlu berikutan kejadian bencana alam seperti tanah runtuh, banjir, hakisan pantai dan

sungai, jerebu dan gempa bumi telah memberi impak yang signifikan di Negara kita. Secara tidak

langsung fenomena sebegini juga telah membangkitkan isu-isu kemasyarakatan yang lain termasuklah

aspek ekonomi, sosial, kesihatan dan keselamatan nyawa.

Saya ingin mengucapkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan kepada Jawatankuasa Penganjur kerana

telah sudi menjemput pihak kami untuk sama-sama menjayakan Seminar Bencana Alam 2015.

Semoga kita semua beroleh manfaat dari seminar ini.

Sekian, Terima Kasih.

DATO' YUNUS ABD RAZAK

Presiden

Institut Geologi Malaysia



AHLI JAWATANKUASA SEMINAR BENCANA ALAM 2015

Penaung : Prof. Datuk Dr. Mohd Harun Abdullah

Naib Canselor Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Penasihat : Prof. Dr. Shahril Yusof

Timbalan Naib Canselor (Penyelidikan dan Inovasi)

Prof. Dr. Baba Musta

Dekan Fakulti Sains dan Sumber Alam

Prof. Dr. Felix Tongkul

Pengarah Pusat Penyelidikan dan Inovasi

Prof. Dr. Kawi Bidin

Pengarah Pusat Kajian Bencana Alam

Pengerusi : Dr. Rodeano Roslee

Timb. Pengerusi : Dr. Zulherry Isnain

Setiausaha : Mohamed Ali Yusof Mohd Husin

Bendahari : Hjh. Hennie Fitria W. Soehady E.

Sekretariat : Hazerina Pungut

Fatimah Sudirman

Rasyidah Moneey

Hazlinda Ibno

Nabila Mohd Salleh

Publisiti : Dr. Asmahani Awang

Baizurah Basri

Redzwan Abdullah

Jamuan : Dr. Chee Fuei Pien

Editorial : Prof. Dr. Hj Sanudin Hj. Tahir


Prof. Dr. Baba Musta

Prof. Dr. Kawi Bidin

Dr. Rodeano Roslee

Hazerina Pungut

Mohamed Ali Yusof Mohd Husin

Junaidi Asis

Teknikal : Junaidi Asis

Dr. Harry Chong Lye Hin

Razuan Matthew

Pengangkutan/

Penginapan/ Kebajikan

: Ahmad Norazhar Mohd Yatim

Faiz Abd Alim

Protokol : Zulhilmey Makmud

Abu Bakar Abd Rahman

Hardianshah Saleh



TENTATIF SEMINAR BENCANA ALAM 2015

HARI PERTAMA 1hb DISEMBER 2015 (SELASA)

0800 – 0850 Pendaftaran Peserta (Vinusak Hall, Tingkat 3, Grand Borneo Hotel, 1Borneo)

0850-0900 Bacaan Doa

PEMBENTANGAN UCAPTAMA

Pengerusi Sidang : Prof. Dr. Sanudin Hj. Tahir

0900 – 0930 Pembentangan Ucaptama 1:



“The 2015 Ranau Earthquake: Cause, Effect and Mitigation”

0930-1000 Pembentangan Ucaptama 2:

Prof. Dr. Hasanudin Z. Abidin

Institut Teknologi Bandung

“On The Impacts of Land Subsidence in Urban Areas”

1000-1015 Minum pagi


Prof. Ir. Dr. Abdul Karim Mirasa


“Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Existing Buildings in Sabah: A Review and

Proposal”


Mr. Alexander Yan Sze Wah

Institut Geologi Malaysia

“Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment in Sabah-The Way Forward”

1115-1145 Pembentangan Ucaptama 5:

Prof. Madya Dr. Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

“Menjejak Geobahaya Terain Semulajadi di Kawasan Perbukitan-Pergunungan di

Malaysia”

PEMBENTANGAN SIDANG A1

Vinusak Hall 1, Tingkat 3

Pengerusi Sidang : Prof. Dr. Kawi Bidin

Sesi

Teknikal

Penyampai & Tajuk Skop

1145-1205 A-01 Norbert Simon, Rodeano Roslee, Noran Nabilla Nor

Azlan, Azimah Hussein, Abdul Ghani Rafek, Goh

Thian Lai, Lee Khai Ern


Physical Soil Characterization Of Failed Slopes In

Different, Landslide Density Zones, Ranau-

Tambunan Road, Sabah

Tanah runtuh

1205-1225 A-02 Azlan Adnan & Noor Sheena Herayani Binti Harith


Estimation of Peak Ground Acceleration of Ranau

Based on Recent Earthquake Databases

Gempa bumi

1225-1245 A-03 Rabieahtul Abu Bakar*, Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin,

Zulkarnian Abd Rahman, Khamarrul Azahari Razak,

Zamri Ramli, Zakaria Mohamad, Felix Tongkul


Remotely Sensed Geospatial Analysis Towards

Disaster: Kundasang Tectonically Active Zone,

Sabah

Gempa bumi

1245-1305 A-04 Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh, Chamhuri Siwar, Rozita

Hod, Azmawati Mohammed Nawi, Idayu Badilla

Banjir



Idris, Talib Latif, Shaharuddin Idrus, Ahmad Fariz

Mohamed, Abdul Samad Hadi, Shaharuddin

Mohamad Ismail, Rospidah Ghazali, Izzah Syazwani

Ahmad, Nor Diana Mohd Idris, Nurul Ashikin Alias,

Farhah Izzati Zubir, Mohd Raihan Taha


Burden of Health Related Issues and Community

Empowerment in Malaysia’s East Coast Flood

1305-1400 Makan Tengahari

PEMBENTANGAN SIDANG A2

Vinusak Hall 2, Tingkat 3

Pengerusi Sidang : Dr. Ismail Abd Rahim

Sesi

Teknikal


1145-1205 A-05 Khamarrul Azahari Razak, Zakaria Mohamad,

Razain Abd Razab, Zamri Ramli, Mohd Othman

Sosi@Said, Ahmad Zulfadli Ahmad Mazuvil,

Habibah Hanan Mat Yusoff, Rabieahtul Abu Bakar

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Understanding Debris Flow Processes and Activities

from High Density Airborne Lidar Data: A Case

Study Of 6.0 Mw Sabah Earthquake and Way

Forward

Tanah runtuh

1205-1225 A-06 Rodeano Roslee, Felix Tongkul, Mustapa Abd Talip

& Norbert Simon


Flood Susceptibility Analysis using Multi Criteria

Evaluation (MCE): Case Study from Penampang

Area, Sabah

Banjir

1225-1245 A-07 Mustaffa Kamal Shuib, Mohammad Abdul Manap,

Felix Tongkul, Ismail Abd Rahim, Tajul Anuar

Jamaludin, Noraini Surip, Rabieahtul Abu Bakar,

Roziah Che Musa & Zahid Ahmad

Universiti Malaya

Active Faults in Peninsular Malaysia with Emphasis

on Active Geomorphic Features of Bukit Tinggi

Region

Sesar

1245-1305 A-08 Zakir Hussein Mohamed Hashim, Mohamad

Syazli Fathi & Siti Uzairiah Mohd Tobi


The Potential of Virtual Reality in Community Flood

Disaster Preparedness Training

Banjir


‘WORKSHOP FOR BUILDING CODES AGAINST EARTHQUAKE AND ITS FORECASTING

AND TREND ANALYSIS’

Vinusak Hall, Tingkat 3

Chairman: Prof. Ir. Dr. Abdul Karim Bin Mirasa

1400-1430 Greeting and Introduction of Earthquake Research Center, Kao-Yuan University,

Taiwan

1430-1445 W-01 Dr. Kueihsiang Cheng, Ph.D.

Dean of Academic Affairs

KaoYuan University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan



Title: Plate Tectonics and Seismic Activities in Sabah Area

1445-1500 W-02 Mr. Yen-Chun Reid Chen

Section Head, San Lien Tech. Corp., Taiwan

Title: Earthquake Early Warning and Instrumentation

1500-1515 W-03 Jiunn-Yin Tsay , PE, Ph.D.

Chairman, Tsay Structural Consultant

Title: The Introduction of Seismic Design in Taiwan

1515-1600 Minum petang & Ramah Mesra Peserta

1600-1615 W-04 Eddy Chen, P.E CEng

novaCITYNETS Pte Ltd, Vice President

Title: Automated e-Plan-Check & Compliance System

1615-1630 W-05 Dr. Charles Lin, P.E.

Associate Professor, Kao Yuan University

Title: BIM Application in Critical Buildings

1630-1645 W-06 SIRIM MALAYSIA REPRESENTATIVE

1645-1730 Panel Discussions

HARI KEDUA 2hb DISEMBER 2015 (RABU)

0900-0945 Pembentangan Poster

0945-1000 Minum pagi

PEMBENTANGAN SIDANG B1

Nantapuan Hall 1, Tingkat 17

Pengerusi Sidang : Prof. Madya Dr. Ramzah Dambul

Sesi

Teknikal


1000-1020 A-09 Mohd Dahlan Hj. A. Malek, Adi Fahrudin & Ferlis

Bullare @ Bahari


Qua Vadis Pengurusan Bencana Alam?

Kesiapsiagaan

Bencana

1020-1040 A-10 Rospidah Ghazali & Hafizi Mat Salleh


Strategi Daya Tahan Dalam Menghadapi Bencana

Banjir Di Kelantan

Banjir

1040-1100 A-11 Noor Azmi Mohd Zainol, Ahmad Azan Ridzuan,

Haslinda Abdullah & Safar Yaacob

Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia

Pembentukan Kerangka Konsepsual Pengukuran

Tahap Kesedaran Bagi Pencegahan dan Persiapan

Pengurusan Bencana

Kesiapsiagaan

Bencana

1100-1120 A-12 Habibah Hanan Mat Yusoff, Khamarrul Azahari

Razak, Rabieahtul Adawiyah Abu Bakar

UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia

Identifying Geomorphologic Signatures from

Earthquake-Induced Landslides Event: A Case Study

from M 5.9 Ranau Earthquake

Gempa Bumi

1120-1140 A-13 Ahmad Azan Ridzuan, Ungku Azly Ungku Zahar,

Noor Akmar Mohd Noor


Association of Evacuation Dimensions towards Risk

Perception of the Malaysian students who studied at

Jakarta, Medan, and Acheh in Indonesia

Kesiapsiagaan

Bencana

1140-1200 A-14 Nabisah Ibrahim, Siti Rozaina Kamsani & Noor Kesiapsiagaan



Azniza Ishak

Universiti Utara Malaysia

Psychological Debriefing Intervention: What do you

know about it?

Bencana

1200-1220 A-15 Lee Kiun You & Ismail Abd. Rahim


Application of GSI system for slope stability studies

on selected slopes of the Crocker Formation in Kota

Kinabalu area, Sabah

Tanah runtuh

1220-1240 A-16 Nurshazren Fauzi, Hamzah Hussin, Tajul Anuar

Jamaluddin & Nor Shahida Shafiee

Universiti Malaysia Kelantan

Potential Geohazard Induced By Blasting Work at

Former Quarry Sites

Tanah runtuh

1240-1300 A-17 Ismail Abd Rahim, Lee Kiun You & Nabilah Salleh


Kampung Mesilou landslide: The controlling factors

Tanah runtuh


PEMBENTANGAN SIDANG B2

Nantapuan Hall 2, Tingkat 17

Pengerusi Sidang : Prof. Dr. Baba Musta

Sesi

Teknikal


1000-1020 A-18 Aminaton Marto, Suzila Mohammad, Choy Soon

Tan


Penilaian Dan Pemetaan Bahaya Tanah Runtuh Bagi

Cerun Tanah Di Penampang, Sabah

Tanah runtuh

1020-1040 A-19 Ahmad Azan Ridzuan, Mohd Juraimy Hj Kadir,

Zamri Ismail, Ungku Azly Ungku Zahar & Mazura

Mat Zain


Kajian Ketahanan Komuniti Terhadap Kesedaran

Komuniti Dalam Persediaan Menghadapi Bencana

Kesiapsiagaan

Bencana

1040-1100 A-20 Siti Rozaina Kamsani, Nabisah Ibrahim & Noor

Azniza Ishak

Universiti Utara Malaysia

Psychological Debriefing Intervention: From The

Lens of Disaster Volunteers

Kesiapsiagaan

Bencana

1100-1120 A-21 Fattin Navilla Abdul Ghani, Ferlis Bullare @

Bahari, Rosnah Ismail, Dahlan A. Malek, Jasmine

Adela Mutang, Lailawati Madlan @ Endalan &

Adeymend Reny Japil


Pembentukan Aktiviti Modul Psikospiritual-Mangsa

Banjir (Mps-Mb) Berdasarkan Dapatan Kajian

Kualitatif

Banjir

1120-1140 A-22 Mustapa Abd Talip, Kawi Bidin, Baba Musta,

Rodeano Roslee, Julkifli Ag. Besar


Bencana

Hidrologi



Geospatial dan Pemetaan Empangan Puing Terhadap

Sistem Saliran Sg. Liwagu dan Sg. Mesilau, Daerah

Ranau, Sabah: Satu Penelitian Awal

1140-1200 A-23 Che Siti Noor Che Mamat & Tajul Anuar

Jamaluddin


Kekangan dalam Pelaksanaan Tindakan

Pengurangan Risiko Geobencana Tanah Runtuh di

Malaysia

Tanah runtuh

1200-1220 A-24 Norzanah Abd Rahman, Zamali Tarmudi, Munirah

Rossdy, & Fatihah Anas Muhiddin

Universiti Teknologi Mara

Flood Mitigation Measures Using Intuitionistic

Fuzzy Dematel Method

Banjir

1220-1240 A-25 Md Pauzi Abdullah, Rahmah Elfithri, Syafinaz

Salleh, Mazlin bin Mokhtar, Mohd Ekhwan

Toriman, Ahmad Fuad Embi, Khairul Nizam Abdul

Maulud, Maimon Abdullah, Lee Yook Heng,

Syamimi Halimshah, Maizura Maizan, Nurlina

Mohamad Ramzan


Stakeholders’ Response And Perspectives On Flood

Disaster In Pahang River Basin

Banjir


PEMBENTANGAN SIDANG C

Nantapuan Hall, Level 17

Pengerusi Sidang : Prof. Madya Dr. Phua Mui How

Sesi

Teknikal


1400-1420 A-26 Farhah Izzati, Shaharudin Idrus, Shaharuddin

Mohamad Ismail


Daya Kekentalan Penduduk di Sepanjang Sungai

Pahang dan Sungai Semantan Terhadap Banjir 2014:

Satu Kes Kajian Di Temerloh, Pahang

Banjir

1420-1440 A-27 Rodeano Roslee & Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin


Pengurusan Risiko Gelinciran Tanah: Cadangan

Pendekatan Baharu di Malaysia

Tanah runtuh

1440-1500 A-28 Herman Umbau Lindang, Zamali Hj Tarmudi &

Ajimi Jawan


Assessing Water Quality Index in River Basin :

Fuzzy Inference System Approach

Bencana

Hidrologi

1500-1520 A-29 Adeymend Reny Japil, Ferlis Bullare @ Bahari,

Rosnah Ismail, Mohd Dahlan A. Malek, Jasmine

Adela Mutang, Lailawati Madlan @ Endalan &

Fattin Navilla Abdul Ghani

Banjir




Penilaian Psikometrik Peritraumatic Distress

Inventory (Pdi) dan Peritraumatic Dissociative

Experiences Questionnaire (Pdeq) dalam Kalangan

Sampel Mangsa Banjir Di Kuching, Sarawak

1520-1535 Minum petang

PEMBENTANGAN SIDANG D

Nantapuan Hall, Level 17

Pengerusi Sidang : Dr. Ejriah Salleh

1535-1555 A-30 Florence Yuen Sook Kuan, Khamarrul Azahari

Razak, Habibah Hanan Mat Yusoff, Zakaria

Mohamad & Razain Abd Razab


Characterization of Post Earthquake Induced Debris

Flow Using Airborne Lidar Data

Tanah runtuh

1555-1615 A-31 Mohd Syukri Zainuddin, Lee Yook Heng, Nurul

Afsar, Mohammad Imam Hasan Reza, Er Ah Choy,

Noraini Fakhira Abdullah, Pauzi Abdullah, Rahmah

Elfithri & Mohamad Raihan Taha


Integrated Approach for Aiding Decision Making

Process for Better Flood Disaster Risk

Management: A Case of Pahang River Basin

Banjir

1615-1635 A-32 Muhammad Afifi Harun


LiDAR Derived Forest Gap Induced by Landslide: A

Case Study in Mesilau Debris Flow, Kundasang,

Sabah

Tanah runtuh

1635-1700 Majlis Penutupan

Ucapan Penutupan

Penyampaian Pembentang Terbaik

SEMINAR BENCANA ALAM 2015 TAMAT



Majlis Perasmian

Seminar Bencana Alam 2015

Tarikh : 1 Disember 2015

Tempat : Vinusak Hall, Tingkat 3, Grand Borneo Hotel, 1Borneo

6.45 pm Ketibaan peserta

7.00 pm Ketibaan Dif-dif Kehormat

7.10 pm Ketibaan Naib Canselor Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Ybhg. Prof. Datuk Dr. Mohd Harun Abdullah

7.20 pm Ketibaan Menteri Pelancongan, Kebudayaan dan Alam Sekitar Sabah

Ybhg. Datuk Seri Panglima Masidi Manjun

7.25 pm Sidang Media (Bubble Room, Tingkat 1)

7.45 pm Majlis bermula

Nyanyian lagu Negaraku dan Sabah Tanah Airku

7.55 pm Ucapan alu-aluan Naib Canselor UMS

Ybhg. Prof. Datuk Dr. Mohd Harun Abdullah

Ucapan dan Perasmian oleh Menteri Pelancongan, Kebudayaan dan Alam

Sekitar Sabah

Ybhg. Datuk Seri Panglima Masidi Manjun

Penyampaian cenderahati

Sesi fotografi

Persembahan Tarian Sambutan

Persembahan Montaj

9.00 pm Jamuan

Persembahan Tarian Selingan

Kumpulan Seni Tari Keningau

10.30 pm Majlis Bersurai



ABSTRAK

UCAPTAMA



K-01

THE 2015 RANAU EARTHQUAKE: CAUSE, EFFECT AND MITIGATION

Felix Tongkul

Natural Disaster Research Centre


Extended Abstract

A magnitude 6 earthquake struck the Ranau District of Sabah, Malaysia at 7:14 am on the 5 June

2015. It was centred around 11 km beneath Mount Kinabalu near the rural town of Kundasang, on one

of the Lobou-lobou Fault Zone, which was previously thought to be insignificant (Figure 1). The

approximately 10-20 km long earthquake-generating normal fault is oriented NE-SW and dip about

70 degrees to the NW. The displacement of the fault is estimated to be about 0.5-1 meter (Figure 2).

The Lobou-lobou Fault Zone is part of a regional extensional structures related to gravitational sliding

in Sabah (Figure 3). It is postulated that NW-SE compression produced an uplifted fold-thrust belt

between 5-7 km high during the last 10 million years or so. The difference in elevation of the upper

crust resulted in gravitational collapse towards the NW Borneo trough (Figures 4).

Figure 1: Location of the Lobou-Lobou Fault Zone and distribution of earthquake epicenters.



Figure 2: Geological cross-section to show the earthquake-generating fault line of the Lobou-lobou

Fault Zone.

Figure 3: Tectonic setting of Sabah showing key active regional fault systems related to on-going

NW-SE compression in Sabah. Regional extensional faults occur along the Sabah Suture Zone.



Figure 4: Tectonic cross-section of Sabah showing post-collision collapse due to gravity sliding.

Ranau town lies 13 km southeast of the epicenter. There was significant damage due to the MMI VII

shaking, particularly to buildings and infrastructure in the Ranau District, estimated to be in the region

of about RM100 million. Rockfalls on Mount Kinabalu due to the shaking resulted in unfortunate

death to 18 climbers, mostly Singaporean students while 137 other climbers were stranded on the

mountain, but were subsequently rescued. Numerous aftershocks occurred after the main shock,

where more than 120 aftershocks of magnitude above 2 were recorded during the 3 months after the

main shock. One significant aftershock with a magnitude of 5.2 occurred on the 6 June 2015 near the

main shock. The shaking from the mainshock and aftershocks triggered extensive landslides on the

very steep slope of Mount Kinabalu, practically stripping a third of the vegetation cover, and

produced large amount of loose materials (Figure 5). The loose materials accumulated in gullies or on

slopes provide abundant sources for debris flows and mud flows during heavy rain which endangered

several villages located at the foot of the mountain (Figure 6). The stripping of soil and vegetation

cover has seriously affected the health of the water catchments and resulted in insufficient supply of

clean water for the Ranau and Kota Belud Districts. The active landslides and mud debris will last for

a long period of time. To reduce the effect of future earthquakes in Malaysia earthquake prediction

capabilities need to be improved through the mapping of active faults and monitoring their

movements; monitoring earthquake precursors near the active faults; monitoring of micro

earthquakes; and production of updated Seismic Hazard Maps and ShakeMaps for earthquake-prone

regions (e.g. Ranau, Lahad Datu, Kunak and Tawau). The Ranau earthquake has caught us by

surprise. It has exposed our shortcomings in terms of earthquake mitigation. Therefore much more

effort is needed to prepare us to manage our earthquake disaster. Fortunately, technologies and other

systems are readily available for us to use to make us more prepared for the next significant

earthquake. However, there is a need to invest in human resources to use these technologies

effectively.



Figure 5: Widespread gigantic landslides on the steep slopes of Mount Kinabalu after the earthquake.

Figure 6: Debris flow along Sg. Mesilou carried huge rock boulders and eroded the valley floor.



K-02

ON THE IMPACTS OF LAND SUBSIDENCE IN URBAN AREAS

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin*, Heri Andreas, Irwan Gumilar, and Teguh P. Sidiq

Geodesy Research Group, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology

Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB),

Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, Indonesia

ABSTRACT. Land subsidence is natural-anthropogenic hazard phenomena which can be caused by

natural and/or human activities, such as tectonic activities (e.g. earthquake and faulting), volcanic

activities, landslide, underground mining activities, excessive groundwater or oil/gas extraction,

natural consolidation of alluvium soil, and load of constructions. At present times, there are quite

many large urban areas (cities) in the world are affected by this silent-type hazards. In urban areas of

Indonesia, on-going land subsidence has been observed in three large cities of Indonesia, namely

Jakarta, Bandung, and Semarang. Land subidence phenomena in these cities have been studied using

the geodetic methods of Leveling, GPS, and InSAR, since 1982 up to present. The observed

subsidence phenomena in these cities have both spatial and temporal variations, with typical

subsidence rates of about 5 to 10 cm/year in average. In general, the impacts of land subsidence in

urban areas can be seen in various representation in the field, and can be categorized into

infrastructure, environmental, economic, and social impacts. The impacts can be seen in various

forms, such as cracking of permanent constructions and roads, tilting of houses and buildings,

‘sinking’ of houses and buildings, changes in river canal and drain flow systems, wider expansion of

coastal and/or inland flooding areas, and increased inland sea water intrusion. If the coastal areas of

the cities have significant subsidence rates, then coastal flooding can occur during the high tides. This

paper presents and discusses the observed characteristics of observed land subsidence and their

impacts in Jakarta, Bandung and Semarang.

KEYWORDS. Land subsidence, flooding, Leveling, GPS, InSAR, Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang



K-03

SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING BUILDINGS IN SABAH: A

REVIEW AND PROPOSAL

Abdul Karim Mirasa1*, Noor Sheena Herayani Binti Harith

1,, Azlan Adnan

2

1Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88450 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia 2Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

* Corresponding author

ABSTRACT. There have been a growing number of earthquakes in the past 140 years in Sabah and

a reliable recorded earthquake catalogs is a good start to predict any future earthquake activity by

taking into account the entire available database on seismicity, tectonics and geology. Sabah

experienced moderate seismicity which have brought earthquakes that caused light damage to

infrastructures. Major earthquakes are rare in Sabah when compared to seismically active regions

however, when they occur the consequences can be disastrous. The highest intensity of these

earthquakes reached VIII degrees of MMI scale, and they will cause serious economic loss and social

unrest. The majority of existing buildings in Sabah were built consequently without seismic

consideration. So far only rough estimates could be made within a certain building population, a

more precise statements on the actual seismic risk are not available. To prevent and mitigate such

seismic disaster, the effect of an earthquake on actual existing buildings based on current earthquake

scenario has to be known. The goal of this paper is to give a general ideas on the evaluation of the

seismic vulnerability of existing buildings particularly around Sabah. The seismic damage is

evaluated by using past earthquake databases including the one major earthquake occurred in Ranau

recently carrying magnitude MW 6.0. An evaluation method based on engineering models suitable for

the evaluation of a large number of buildings could be proposed.

KEYWORDS. Sabah, earthquake, seismic vulnerability, existing buildings



K-05

MENJEJAK GEOBAHAYA TERAIN SEMULAJADI DI KAWASAN PERBUKITAN-

PERGUNUNGAN DI MALAYSIA

(TRACING NATURAL TERRAIN GEOHAZARDS IN HILLY-MOUNTAINOUS TERRAINS OF

MALAYSIA)

Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin

Program Geologi, Fakulti Sains & Teknologi

UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA,

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor

Email: [email protected]

ABSTRAK

Pengenalan

Menjejak atau mengenalpasti dan memetakan geobahaya semulajadi merupakan suatu cabaran besar

kepada geosaintis untuk membantu proses perancangan pembangunan baharu di kawasan perbukitan

dan tanah tinggi tropika di Malaysia. Tutupan tumbuh-tumbuhan yang tebal, kesukaran akses,

ketiadaan singkapan dan kekurangan maklumat geologi yang tepat merupakan cirian khusus kawasan

tanah tinggi tropika di Malaysia. Geobahaya terrain semulajadi di kawasan tanah tinggi di Malaysia

sangat kurang mendapat perhatian dan dikaji kerana peristiwa geobahaya yang berlaku tidak

mendatangkan bencana kepada manusia dan harta benda. Jika adapun mungkin berupa gangguan

kepada alam sekitar semulajadi terletak jauh di pedalaman.

Objektif utama kertas kerja ini disediakan ialah untuk menyajikan beberapa contoh dan kajian

kes bagi menjejaki kewujudan (lokasi) dan jenis geobahaya terrain semulajadi yang terdapat di

kawasan perbukitan dan tanah tinggi tropika di Malaysia. Contoh-contoh yang disajikan meliputi

kawasan-kawasan pedalaman berhutan tebal yang belum pernah diganggu oleh aktiviti manusia dan

juga kawasan-kawasan berbahaya dan berisiko bencana namun telah dibangunkan terlebih dahulu

tanpa menyedari tentang kewujudannya sebelum dibangunkan.

Kaedah/Metodologi

Kaedah yang sering digunakan dalam beberapa siri penyelidikan sebelum ini (e.g. Tajul Anuar

Jamaluddin, 2015a,b,c) adalah berupa kajian atas meja (desk top studies) yang bersifat penyiasatan

geologi tradisional. Bahan keperluan utamanya adalah peta topografi, peta geologi rantau, imej satelit

dan fotograf udara. Menjejaki kewujudan geobahaya terain semulajadi melibatkan pentafsiran dengan

berpandukan kepada gandingan beberapa unsur asas geologi (e.g. struktur major, lineamen dan

litologi), topografi (corak kontor dan cerun), geomorfologi (e.g. morfologi lurah tergantung, tubir

cenuram yang melengkung) dan corak saliran (e.g. perubahan alur sungai, pembentukan kipas

alluvium/koluvium) serta pola tumbuh-tumbuhan (kontras kepadatan dan tutupan tumbuhan). Hasil

tafsiran ditentusahkan kewujudannya melalui penyiasatan di lapangan. Tidak dinafikan bahawa

kemunculan teknologi penderiaan jauh dan pengimejan canggih (e.g. LIDAR, IFSAR, TLS dan

sebagainya) merupakan alat-alat terkini yang dapat membantu dalam memudahkan dan meningkatkan

lagi ketepatan hasil pemetaan.

Hasil

Geobahaya semulajadi di terrain perbukitan-pergunungan tropika di Malaysia secara umumnya sangat

berkait rapat dengan proses susutan darat (mass wasting) dan lazimnya dicetus oleh curahan hujan

lebat dan berpanjangan. Jenis geobahaya yang paling biasa ditemui adalah gelinciran tanah dan aliran

debris. Gelinciran tanah semulajadi ditemui samada dalam bentuk unit gelinciran tanah individu

berskala kecil hingga berskala besar.



Gelinciran tanah berskala kecil selalunya berkedalaman cetek pada cerun yang curam. Pada

peta topografi, kehadirannya dicirikan oleh morfologi seakan “bentuk sudu”. Bagaimanapun,

gelinciran tanah berskala besar yang melibatkan cerun pergunungan lazimnya ditemui dalam bentuk

gelonsoran-rayapan dengan pergerakan yang perlahan hingga sangat perlahan (beberapa cm sebulan

atau setahun). Gelinciran tanah yang besar seperti ini mempunyai sejarah kewujudan yang panjang

dan mampu mengubah aliran sungai, mencorak landskap tempatan, malah mempengaruhi aktiviti dan

kehidupan komuniti setempat. Contoh yang sering diperkatakan ialah Kompleks Gelinciran Tanah

Kundasang Sabah. Gelinciran tanah berskala besar boleh mencetuskan fenomena bencana yang besar,

terutamanya apabila diganggu secara berleluasa oleh aktiviti manusia yang mengubah keseimbangan

ekosistem fizikalnya. Contohnya tanah runtuh di Gunung Pass, jalanraya Pos Selim-Cameron

Highland. Gelinciran tanah berskala besar juga boleh wujud secara berkelompok dalam suatu sistem

gelinciran tanah yang sangat besar, yang mana agak sukar untuk dilihat jika berada di lapangan.

Sempadan sesebuah sistem gelinciran tanah itu lazimya mengikuti sempadan tadahan air dan di dalam

sesebuah sistem gelinciran tanah itu pula terdapat beberapa unit gelinciran tanah yang lebih kecil.

Aliran debris pula lazimnya ditemui dalam bentuk aliran beralur (channelized-debris flows),

yang morfologinya mengikut bentuk alur lurah yang sempit dan menjalar menuruni lurah dari ratusan

meter hingga beberapa kilometer dari kawasan punca yang curam hingga ke hujungnya yang landai.

Di bahagian hujung alur aliran debris lazimya akan terbentuk longgokan-longgokan kipas kolovium

dan bongkah-bongkah tanah/batuan yang berkecamuk (chaotic debris deposits), tetapi dengan bentuk

mukabumi bercerun agak landai (<35⁰). Keadaan yang hampir sama juga ditemui dikaki-kaki cerun

yang telah runtuh. Longgokan bahan yang runtuh membentuk topografi beralun yang agak landai

berbanding parut gelinciran. Ini menyebabkan kawasan ini sering menjadi pilihan untuk dibangunkan

kerana bertopografi agak landai berbanding kawasan sekitarnya. Tanpa pemahaman geologi yang

mendalam, pembangunan yang dilaksanakan itu secara tidak langsung berada di dalam kawasan

berisiko tinggi dan berhadapan dengan pelbagai masalah geologi dan geoteknik yang rumit.

Perbincangan

Menjejak geobahaya terrain semulajadi sangat penting untuk merancang pembangunan baharu di

kawasan perbukitan dan tanah tinggi tropika di Malaysia. Amalan ini juga terbukti penting dalam

merungkai persoalan asal-usul dan penyebab geobencana serta merancang kerja-kerja pemulihan

tapak pembangunan yang telahpun dilanda geobencana berkaitan terain semulajadi. Prosedur

menjejak geobahaya terrain semulajadi tidak memerlukan modal yang besar sekiranya bahan-bahan

asasnya (peta topografi, peta geologi, fotograf udara, imej satelit) telah sedia ada.

Tidak semua kawasan bergeobahaya gelinciran tanah di kawasan tanah tinggi tidak boleh

dibangunkan. Isu yang paling utama adalah memilih jenis pembangunan/guna tanah dan langkah-

langkah mitigasi bencana yang sesuai. Menjejak atau mengenalpasti dan memetakan geobahaya

terrain semulajadi di terrain perbukitan tropika di Malaysia perlu diwajibkan dalam kempen

penyiasatan tapak untuk sebarang pembangunan di kawasan perbukitan dan tanah tinggi.

Kesimpulan

Kewujudan gelinciran tanah, samada yang berskala kecil atau besar, dalam bentuk unit atau sistem,

adalah sesuatu yang biasa di kawasan tanah tinggi/perbukitan di Malaysia. Dengan desakan

pembangunan yang semakin pesat, kawasan-kawasan berisiko geobencana di dalam terrain semulajadi

ini semakin banyak yang dihampiri atau dicerobohi. Daripada beberapa kajian kes yang disajikan

jelas menunjukkan bahawa kehadiran geobahaya terrain semulajadi, khususnya gelinciran tanah,

boleh dikesan dengan meyakinkan daripada peta topografi dan imej-imej penderiaan jauh. Oleh itu,

geobahaya terrain semulajadi sangat penting untuk dikenalpasti dan dipetakan terlebih dahulu

sebelum sebarang pembangunan dilaksanakan bagi mengelakkan segala macam kerumitan dan

masalah geoteknik yang berasosiasi dengannya.

KATAKUNCI: Geobahaya, Geobencana, Terain Semulajadi



ABSTRAK



Pembentangan Lisan

Kertas Penyampai Tajuk

A-01 Norbert Simon, Rodeano Roslee, Noran

Nabilla Nor Azlan, Azimah Hussein, Abdul

Ghani Rafek, Goh Thian Lai, Lee Khai Ern

Physical Soil Characterization Of Failed Slopes

In Different, Landslide Density Zones, Ranau-

Tambunan Road, Sabah

A-02 Azlan Adnan & Noor Sheena Herayani Binti

Harith

Estimation of Peak Ground Acceleration of

Ranau Based on Recent Earthquake Databases

A-03 Rabieahtul Abu Bakar*, Tajul Anuar

Jamaluddin, Zulkarnian Abd Rahman,

Khamarrul Azahari Razak, Zamri Ramli,

Zakaria Mohamad, Felix Tongkul

Remotely Sensed Geospatial Analysis Towards

Disaster: Kundasang Tectonically Active Zone,

Sabah

A-04 Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh, Chamhuri Siwar,

Rozita Hod, Azmawati Mohammed Nawi,

Idayu Badilla Idris, Talib Latif, Shaharuddin

Idrus, Ahmad Fariz Mohamed, Abdul Samad

Hadi, Shaharuddin Mohamad Ismail, Rospidah

Ghazali, Izzah Syazwani Ahmad, Nor Diana

Mohd Idris, Nurul Ashikin Alias, Farhah Izzati

Zubir, Mohd Raihan Taha

Burden of Health Related Issues and Community

Empowerment in Malaysia’s East Coast Flood

A-05 Khamarrul Azahari Razak, Zakaria

Mohamad, Razain Abd Razab, Zamri Ramli,

Mohd Othman Sosi@Said, Ahmad Zulfadli

Ahmad Mazuvil, Habibah Hanan Mat Yusoff,

Rabieahtul Abu Bakar

Understanding Debris Flow Processes and

Activities from High Density Airborne Lidar

Data: A Case Study Of 6.0 Mw Sabah

Earthquake and Way Forward

A-06 Rodeano Roslee, Felix Tongkul, Mustapa Abd

Talip & Norbert Simon

Flood Susceptibility Analysis using Multi

Criteria Evaluation (MCE): Case Study from

Penampang Area, Sabah

A-07 Mustaffa Kamal Shuib, Mohammad Abdul

Manap, Felix Tongkul, Ismail Abd Rahim, Tajul

Anuar Jamaludin, Noraini Surip, Rabieahtul

Abu Bakar, Roziah Che Musa & Zahid Ahmad

Active Faults in Peninsular Malaysia with

Emphasis on Active Geomorphic Features of

Bukit Tinggi Region

A-08 Zakir Hussein Mohamed Hashim, Mohamad

Syazli Fathi & Siti Uzairiah Mohd Tobi

The Potential of Virtual Reality in Community

Flood Disaster Preparedness Training

A-09 Mohd Dahlan Hj. A. Malek, Adi Fahrudin &

Ferlis Bullare @ Bahari

Qua Vadis Pengurusan Bencana Alam?

A-10 Rospidah Ghazali & Hafizi Mat Salleh Strategi Daya Tahan Dalam Menghadapi

Bencana Banjir Di Kelantan

A-11 Noor Azmi Mohd Zainol, Ahmad Azan

Ridzuan, Haslinda Abdullah & Safar Yaacob

Pembentukan Kerangka Konsepsual Pengukuran

Tahap Kesedaran Bagi Pencegahan dan

Persiapan Pengurusan Bencana

A-12 Habibah Hanan Mat Yusoff, Khamarrul

Azahari Razak, Rabieahtul Adawiyah Abu

Bakar

Identifying Geomorphologic Signatures from

Earthquake-Induced Landslides Event: A Case

Study from M 5.9 Ranau Earthquake

A-13 Ahmad Azan Ridzuan, Ungku Azly Ungku

Zahar, Noor Akmar Mohd Noor

Association of Evacuation Dimensions towards

Risk Perception of the Malaysian students who

studied at Jakarta, Medan, and Acheh in

Indonesia

A-14 Nabisah Ibrahim, Siti Rozaina Kamsani &

Noor Azniza Ishak

Psychological Debriefing Intervention: What do

you know about it?

A-15 Lee Kiun You & Ismail Abd. Rahim Application of GSI system for slope stability

studies on selected slopes of the Crocker

Formation in Kota Kinabalu area, Sabah

A-16 Nurshazren Fauzi, Hamzah Hussin, Tajul

Anuar Jamaluddin & Nor Shahida Shafiee

Potential Geohazard Induced By Blasting Work

at Former Quarry Sites

A-17 Ismail Abd Rahim, Lee Kiun You & Nabilah

Salleh

Kampung Mesilou landslide: The controlling

factors



A-18 Aminaton Marto, Suzila Mohammad, Choy

Soon Tan

Penilaian Dan Pemetaan Bahaya Tanah Runtuh

Bagi Cerun Tanah Di Penampang, Sabah

A-19 Ahmad Azan Ridzuan, Mohd Juraimy Hj

Kadir, Zamri Ismail, Ungku Azly Ungku Zahar

& Mazura Mat Zain

Kajian Ketahanan Komuniti Terhadap Kesedaran

Komuniti Dalam Persediaan Menghadapi

Bencana

A-20 Siti Rozaina Kamsani, Nabisah Ibrahim &

Noor Azniza Ishak

Psychological Debriefing Intervention: From

The Lens of Disaster Volunteers

A-21 Fattin Navilla Abdul Ghani, Ferlis Bullare @

Bahari, Rosnah Ismail, Dahlan A. Malek,

Jasmine Adela Mutang, Lailawati Madlan @

Endalan & Adeymend Reny Japil

Pembentukan Aktiviti Modul Psikospiritual-

Mangsa Banjir (Mps-Mb) Berdasarkan Dapatan

Kajian Kualitatif

A-22 Mustapa Abd Talip, Kawi Bidin, Baba Musta,

Rodeano Roslee, Julkifli Ag. Besar

Geospatial dan Pemetaan Empangan Puing

Terhadap Sistem Saliran Sg. Liwagu dan Sg.

Mesilau, Daerah Ranau, Sabah: Satu Penelitian

Awal

A-23 Che Siti Noor Che Mamat & Tajul Anuar

Jamaluddin

Kekangan dalam Pelaksanaan Tindakan

Pengurangan Risiko Geobencana Tanah Runtuh

di Malaysia

A-24 Norzanah Abd Rahman, Zamali Tarmudi,

Munirah Rossdy, & Fatihah Anas Muhiddin

Flood Mitigation Measures Using Intuitionistic

Fuzzy Dematel Method

A-25 Md Pauzi Abdullah, Rahmah Elfithri, Syafinaz

Salleh, Mazlin bin Mokhtar, Mohd Ekhwan

Toriman, Ahmad Fuad Embi, Khairul Nizam

Abdul Maulud, Maimon Abdullah, Lee Yook

Heng, Syamimi Halimshah, Maizura Maizan,

Nurlina Mohamad Ramzan

Stakeholders’ Response And Perspectives On

Flood Disaster In Pahang River Basin

A-26 Farhah Izzati, Shaharudin Idrus, Shaharuddin

Mohamad Ismail

Daya Kekentalan Penduduk di Sepanjang Sungai

Pahang dan Sungai Semantan Terhadap Banjir

2014: Satu Kes Kajian Di Temerloh, Pahang

A-27 Rodeano Roslee & Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin Pengurusan Risiko Gelinciran Tanah: Cadangan

Pendekatan Baharu di Malaysia

A-28 Herman Umbau Lindang, Zamali Hj Tarmudi

& Ajimi Jawan

Assessing Water Quality Index in River Basin :

Fuzzy Inference System Approach

A-29 Adeymend Reny Japil, Ferlis Bullare @

Bahari, Rosnah Ismail, Mohd Dahlan A. Malek,

Jasmine Adela Mutang, Lailawati Madlan @

Endalan & Fattin Navilla Abdul Ghani

Penilaian Psikometrik Peritraumatic Distress

Inventory (Pdi) dan Peritraumatic Dissociative

Experiences Questionnaire (Pdeq) dalam

Kalangan Sampel Mangsa Banjir Di Kuching,

Sarawak

A-30 Florence Yuen Sook Kuan, Khamarrul

Azahari Razak, Habibah Hanan Mat Yusoff,

Zakaria Mohamad & Razain Abd Razab

Characterization of Post Earthquake Induced

Debris Flow Using Airborne Lidar Data

A-31 Mohd Syukri Zainuddin, Lee Yook Heng,

Nurul Afsar, Mohammad Imam Hasan Reza, Er

Ah Choy, Noraini Fakhira Abdullah, Pauzi

Abdullah, Rahmah Elfithri & Mohamad Raihan

Taha

Integrated Approach for Aiding Decision

Making Process for Better Flood Disaster Risk

Management: A Case of Pahang River Basin



A-01

PHYSICAL SOIL CHARACTERIZATION OF FAILED SLOPES IN DIFFERENT

LANDSLIDE DENSITY ZONES, RANAU-TAMBUNAN ROAD, SABAH

Norbert Simon1*

, Rodeano Roslee2, Noran Nabilla Nor Azlan

1, Azimah Hussein

1, Abdul Ghani Rafek

3,

Goh Thian Lai1,

Lee Khai Ern

4

1 School of Environment and Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM

Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

2 Faculty of Science & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, UMS Road, 88400

Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

3 Department of Geosciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar,

31750, Tronoh, Perak Darul Ridzuan

4 Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), National University of Malaysia,

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Corresponding author *: [email protected]

KEYWORDS: Physical soil characterization, Slope failure, Crocker Formation and Sabah.

ABSTRACT. This paper discusses the physical characterization of soil that were collected from

different landslide density zones modelled in the GIS. The basic assumption employed in this paper is

that failed soil materials in a delineated high landslide density zone may have different characteristics

from soils in other density zones; although they are in located in the same rock formation. The study

area is located along the stretch of the Ranau-Tambunan road in Sabah, Malaysia (Fig. 1). There are

two dominant rock formations in the study area, namely: Crocker Formation and Trusmadi Formation

(Fig. 2), although both formations are well-known for their instability, the discussion in this paper

focusses on slope failures that were occurred in the sedimentary rock of the Crocker Formation.

Jacobson (1970) categorized the Crocker Formation into four main lithological units; these units are

thick bedded sandstone, thinly bedded sandstone and siltstone/shale, red and dark shale and slumped

deposits. According to Roslee et al. (2006), the sandstone unit of the Crocker Formation is made of

fine to very fine-grained texture but highly fractured. The Trusmadi Formation rock sequence can be

divided into four main lithological units; interbedded sequences (turbidites), argillaceous rocks,

cataclasites and massive sandstones (Jacobson 1970). The presents of well-stratified dark argillaceous

sequence of siltstone and thin bedded turbidite in the Trusmadi Formation makes it distinct from the

Crocker Formation. Low grade metamorphosed rocks such as slate, phyllite and quartzite were also

presents in the Trusmadi Formations. In terms of structural orientation, NW-SE and NE-SW were the

major orientations (Tongkul 2007). Two phases of fieldwork were conducted to collect information of

landslides in the study area. The first phase was in 2009 and another in 2011. During the first

fieldwork, there were 56 landslides observed and in 2011, only 18 new landslides were recorded. A

landslide density map comprises of landslides in both years was generated in GIS using the fishnet

tool. The density zones were classified into three classes, namely: low (1-2 landslides), Moderate (3-4

landslides) and High (> 4 landslides). Seven soil samples from seven failed slopes in the Crocker

Formation were collected from each density zones and tested in the laboratory 3-4 days after

collection. The tests conducted on these soil samples were particle size distribution, Atterberg limit

(liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index), moisture content, specific gravity, and undrained triaxial

test (friction angle & cohesion). Based on the distribution of landslides in 2009 and 2011 and their

density, there are six (6) zones that can be indicated as high landslide density, these are km 12, 15, 18,

mailto:[email protected]



21, 35 and 35 from Ranau Township (Fig. 3). The distribution of the seven soil samples in the

different landslide density zones is shown in Figure 4. Based on the distribution, samples B29, B32,

B33 are located in the high density zones, samples 34 and 36 in the moderate zone and finally samples

B21 and B23 are distributed in the low density zone. The physical properties of each sample are

shown in Tab. 1. As indicated in Tab. 1, the samples collected from the low and moderate zones

exhibit slightly different physical characteristics with the samples collected from the high density

zone. The soils in both the low and moderate density zones have higher coarser grains content such as

in samples B34 & B36 that showed high content of sand. The plasticity index observed in the

moderate and low density zones samples were also lower than the samples collected in the high

density zones. In general, the samples from the high density zone showed lower cohesion and friction

angle compared to the other samples. From the preliminary findings of this study, it can be concluded

that in different landslide density zones, the failed materials have different physical characteristics.

These characteristics could be the main factor on why certain locations along the Ranau-Tambunan

road have higher occurrences of landslides. Based on the initial findings of this study, locations that

have similar soil characteristics with the samples from the high density could be highly susceptible to

landslide occurrences if other landsliding factors remain equal, however, more studies need to be

conducted to support the findings of this study.

Figure 1 The location of the study area, the Ranau-

Tambunan Road in Sabah.

Figure 2 Lithology map of the study area with the

Ranau-Tambunan road crossing both the Crocker

and Trusmadi Formations (modified from Yin,

1985).

Figure 3 Landslide distributions and density zones

along the Ranau-Tambunan Road

Figure 4 The distribution of sampling locations

along the Ranau-Tambunan Road in the Crocker

Formation



Table 1 Soil physical characteristics for each soil samples in different landslide density zones

Station Particle Size Distribution Atterberg Limit Moisture

Content

Specific

Gravity

Landslide

Density

c Friction

Angle

Gravel Sand Silt Clay Class LL PL PI Zone

B21 28 38 27 7 SML 31 24 6 16 2 Low 3.59 22.00

B23 22 50 24 4 SML 29 25 4 20 3 Low 22.50 44.50

B29 6 72 21 1 SML 31 24 7 13 3 High 27.91 45.00

B32 4 20 43 32 MHS 64 38 26 27 2 High 9.51 28.50

B33 0 20 43 37 MVS 80 47 33 29 2 High 2.33 18.40

B34 0 72 24 4 SML 31 25 6 11 3 Moderate 20.60 48.40

B36 1 79 18 2 SML 25 23 2 7 3 Moderate 21.86 52.40

Note: SML (very silty sand with clay of low plasticity), MHS (sandy silt with clay of high plasticity), MVS (sandy silt with clay of very high

plasticity), LL (liquid limit), PL (plastic limit), PI (plasticity index), c (cohesion)

Acknowledgement

This research was funded by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme

(FRGS/1/2014/STWN06/UKM/03/1) and the University Research Grant (GUP-2014-031) under the

Ministry of Education, Malaysia and the National University of Malaysia respectively.

References

Jacobson, G. (1970) “Gunong Kinabalu area, Sabah, Malaysia,” Geological Survey Malaysia. Report

8.

Roslee, R., Tahir, S., & S. Omang, A.K. 2006. Engineering Geology of the Kota Kinabalu Area,

Sabah, Malaysia. Bull. Geol.Soc. Malaysia 52:17-25.

Tongkul, F. 2007. Geological inputs in road design and construction in mountainous areas of West

Sabah, Malaysia. Proc. of the 2nd Malaysia-Japan Symposium on Geohazards and

Geoenvironmental Engineering. City Bayview Hotel, Langkawi. Pp: 39-43.

Yin, E.H. (1985) “Geological map of Sabah’” 3rd ed. Geological Survey of Malaysia.



A-02

ESTIMATION OF PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION OF RANAU BASED ON

RECENT EARTQHUAKE DATABASES

Azlan Adnan1,*

, Noor Sheena Herayani Binti Harith2

1Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

2Civil Engineering Program, Engineering Faculty, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah,

Malaysia

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT. The occurrence of earthquake with magnitude MW 6.0 in Ranau recently has

triggered many questions regarding their nature of recurrence, characteristics in size and mechanism

in and its surrounding region. In recent years, Sabah has witnessed an increase in low to moderate

seismic activities due to the causative ground structures which reflected in their seismic

productivities. Over the past years between 1900 until recently, magnitudes ranging from MW 2.9 to

6.0 were known to have occurred. While large magnitude earthquakes are fortunately rare, in the

history of earthquakes, the region already experienced devastating earthquake including a magnitude

of MW 5.8 on 26th July 1976 centered in Lahad Datu. The observation on earthquake catalog

spanning from 1900 to 2014 has been obtained from various earthquake data centers, Ranau

previously recorded an earthquake with magnitude MW 5.1, the repeat over intervals of sudden large

earthquake is considered to have much shorter recurrence intervals. This paper discusses the

procedure for evaluating the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) whereas the peak ground

acceleration (PGA) on bedrock of Ranau area for 10% and 2% probability of exceedance is taken

into account. By analyzing the correlation between the tectonic features and the available data on

past seismicity, the estimation of PGA is based on smoothed-gridded seismicity with a subjectively

chosen correlation distance of 50 km. The PGA estimation values for Ranau are approximately in the

range of 60 to 150 cm/s2 that will be exceeded 10% probability of exceedance and 100 to 250 cm/s2

for 2% probability of exceedance.

KEYWORDS. Ranau, low to moderate earthquake, peak ground acceleration, probability of

exceedance



A-03

REMOTELY SENSED GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS TOWARDS

DISASTER: KUNDASANG TECTONICALLY ACTIVE ZONE, SABAH

Rabieahtul Abu Bakar1*

, Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin1, Zulkarnian Abd Rahman, Khamarrul Azahari

Razak, Zamri Ramli2, Zakaria Mohamad

1, Felix Tongkul

3

1*Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRi), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;

2Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia (Technical Services Section), Ministry of Natural Resources

and Environment (NRE), 30820 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia;

3Disaster Research Center, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Jalan

UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

*Corresponding Author, E-mail: [email protected]*, [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected], [email protected],

Mobile No.: +6019-3849495*

KEYWORDS: Geospatial-tectonics; Remotely Multi-Sensory Data; Geomorphometry;

Object Oriented-Based Analysis; LiDAR

ABSTRACT. Seismotectonic activities are more prevalent in this recent period with much increased

in frequency, density and intensification. Magnitudinal effects of tectonic-based reactivated disasters

are unpredictable, difficult to quantify and timely. According to Webb the trend of strong earthquake

of >6Mw has indicated a six-fold increase from the previous similar period and a large increase for

the initial part of the 20th century (NatCatSERVICE, 2011). Malaysia tectonic setting is such that it is

located on the Eurasian plates where the surrounding plates are moving towards it at an average

annual rate of 6cm (Vigny et. al., 2005). Though considered as laying in a low seismic region but

relatively engulfed by less than 300km from the tectonically active Ring of Fire. From the recent 6.0

Mw earthquake in Ranau, Sabah that occurred on 5th June 2015 give rise to the emergence of many

issues and problems, highlighting the requirements for seismotectonic assessment of Malaysia. Its

progressively prolonged swarms after-shocks poses an even bigger threat to people living within the

earthquake zone which triggered further cascading geological hazards for instance, mud-flood. The

lithology of Kundasang is such that it is concentrate by three mains trusmadi formation, crocker

formation and the pinosuk gravel (Hutchinson, 2009) and describe in depth by Tija, 2007 on the

geological setting. Referring to figure 2, topographic wetness index the study area can be recognized

as a highly run off area. These predicament transmits instantaneous awareness to the general

community and demands immediate findings towards disaster recovery, preparedness, as well as

requires immediate research-based outputs. These outputs can help in convincing policymakers on

creating proper guidelines to the stakeholders and community so as to reduce risk and create

preparedness for the unprecedented disaster. This paper presents an objective and quantitative

method for mapping and assessing geodynamic phenomenon and its activities in a tectonically active

region in Malaysia. We evaluate past- and recent earthquakes and their cascading hazards using

spatiotemporal multi-sensory remotely sensed data analysis, local-, expert knowledge and in-situ

measurement. We first used historical records and recent data seismotectonic activities to prepare an

inventory of the earthquakes that have occurred in Sabah between 1897 and 2015, which resulted in

250 events with 110 events occurring in 2015. Remotely sensed data, including WorldView-2 and

interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifSAR) as in Figure 1, as well LiDAR can be used to

objectively map, monitor and model earthquake events. We identified geomorphological features

related to fault zone phenomenon utilizing openness DTM imageries. Hydrological feature referring

to Figure 2, the terrain wetness index Referring to figure 3 where geological features can be

delineated such as triangular facets, eroded dog-legged river continuity, widening mud-volcanoes,








small clustered landslides, deep-seated lineaments and acutely steep valleys found within an

undulated landscape are amongst the most commonly related geomorphological features to a

tectonically active zone. A review of seismotectonic studies in Sabah will also be intensively given.

Elements at risk for earthquakes were extracted and spatially evaluated for vulnerability and risk

analysis. This paper also highlights current research direction, e.g. object-oriented analysis, data-

fusion, geomorphometry, multiscale geo-tectonic hazard and risk assessment in a complex seismic

environment. The emergence of multistage processing and geo-analysis improved our ability (Razak,

2013) and understanding of the earth dynamicity in a tectonically active zone. This collaborative

research of geospatial-tectonic in Malaysia can significantly contribute to the multi-, trans-, and inter-

disciplinary research for reducing disaster risk and building a resilient community in the tropics.

Figure 1: Kundasang remotely sensed imageries, from top left, Quickbird 2008, top right: World-

View2, 2011, bottom left: IfSAR Ori Image, borrom right: IfSAR hillshading 50km2.

Figure 2: Topographic Wetness Index of Kundasang 50 km2



Figure 3: Openness from IFSAR 50 km2 over Kundasang Tectonically Active Area.

Acknowledgment

This research was funded by Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi (KPT) MyBrain, MyPhD. Author

forward deepest gratitude towards JMG Sabah staff En Jaineh Lingi for allowing author to follow

through his data collection in Kundasang and Prof Emeritus Tija Hock Chin for his willingness to

share his in depth knowledge. Fundamental Research Grant Scheme

(FRGS/1/2014/STWN06/UKM/02/5) under the Ministry of Education, Malaysia of topic ‘Multi sensor

of remotely sensed data for characterizing seismotectonic activity: A complex environment in

Malaysia’ and the Technological University of Malaysia UTM KL for research collaboration.

References

NatCatSERVICE (2011). Munich RE Touch information portal, Touch Natural Hazards at:

https://www.munichre.com/touch/naturalhazards/en/natcatservice/annual_statistics.aspx (Last

access date: 25 June 2015).

Webb, R. (2008). Earthquakes-What are the long term trends? At:

http://www.earth.webecs.co.uk/(Last

access date: 26 June 2015).

Hutchison, C. S., Tan, D. N. K., (2009). Geology of Peninsular Malaysia. University of Malaya

and the Geological Society of Malaysia.

K. A. Razak, M. Santangelo, C. J. Van Westen, M. W. Straatsma, S. M. De Jong, ‘Generating an

optimal

DTM from airborne laser scanning data for landslide mapping in a tropical forest

environment,” Geomorphology 190, pp. 112-125, 2013.

Tija, H.D., 2007. Kundasang (Sabah) at the intersection of regional fault zones of Quaternary age.

Geological Society of Malaysia, Bulletin 53, pp. 59-66.

https://www.munichre.com/touch/naturalhazards/en/natcatservice/annual_statistics.aspx



A-04

BURDEN OF HEALTH RELATED ISSUES AND COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN

MALAYSIA’S EAST COAST FLOOD

Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh1, Chamhuri Siwar

2, Rozita Hod

1, Azmawati Mohammed Nawi

1, Idayu

Badilla Idris*1, Talib Latif

2, Shaharuddin Idrus

2, Ahmad Fariz Mohamed

2, Abdul Samad

Hadi2, Shaharuddin Mohamad Ismail

2, Rospidah Ghazali

2, Izzah Syazwani Ahmad

1, Nor Diana

Mohd Idris2, Nurul Ashikin Alias

2, Farhah Izzati Zubir

2, Mohd Raihan Taha

2

1. Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.

2. Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

Malaysia.

*Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected]/ [email protected]

Introduction

River flood has become a common but devastating hazard in Malaysia. River flood exposes the

population to multiple attacks from the physical, mental, health risks and its related negativities.

Objective

This study focused on the Pahang River three worst districts exposed population, in Pekan, Kuantan

and Temerloh. Tools on areas of self-perceived health symptoms, QOL, PTSD and empowerment

were assessed.

Methodology

Semi guided questionnaires were distributed to a total of 602 flood victims. Questions on health

symptoms were asked on respondents (R) and their household members (HM). PTSD tool i.e. Trauma

Screening Questionnaire was used to screen for suspected cases. WHOQOL-BREF assessed four

domains i.e. physical activity, psychological, social relationships and environment. Community

empowerment using the individual community related empowerment tool assessed five domains i.e.

self-efficacy, participation, motivation, intention and critical awareness.

Results

The average distance to the nearest health center is 5.6 km. Three prevalent diseases showed that

majority suffered hypertension (11.0%), diabetes (7.3%) and arthritis (4.0%). Five main symptoms

experienced were cough (R=47.2%, HM=43.7%), flu (R=42.7%, HM=40.4%), fever (R=39.5%,

HM=39.5%), sore throat (R=29.9%, HM=28.1%), and headache (R=23.6%, HM=15.0%). Most prefer

government hospitals at 33.6%. The monthly health expenditure out of pocket, was higher post flood.

Purchase of prescription medications from MYR 24.40 to 31.02; modern treatment of MYR 12.51 to

20.25 and traditional medicine were MYR 4.35 to 6.97. A total of 33 people (5.5%) were suspected to

suffer from PTSD. The prevalence of QOL domains are as such; low physical activity was highest at

59.0%, low psychological (53.3%), low social relationships (43.0%), and low environment (45.2%).

On community empowerment, low empowerment was seen on four domains; self-efficacy at 52.0%,

participation (55.0%), motivation (54.2%) and critical awareness (74.4%). Domain on good intention

and willing to participate was at 54%.

Conclusion

Results indicate that the community was not adaptable to flood events. This is evident from high

amount of experienced symptoms, low QOL (physical and psychological aspects) and empowerment

(except intention). PTSD was however quite low, possibly the impact has been mitigated by time.

Interventions aimed to reduce these concerns in acute post flood areas are important to mitigate these

issues.

KEYWORDS. flood, health symptoms, post-traumatic symptom disorder (PTSD), quality of life (QOL),

empowerment



A-05

UNDERSTANDING DEBRIS FLOW PROCESSES AND ACTIVITIES FROM HIGH

DENSITY AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA: A CASE STUDY OF 6.0 Mw SABAH EARTHQUAKE

AND WAY FORWARD

Khamarrul Azahari Razak*1,2

, Zakaria Mohamad3, Razain Abd Razab

4, Zamri Ramli

5,

Mohd Othman Sosi@Said4, Ahmad Zulfadli Ahmad Mazuvil

4, Habibah Hanan Mat Yusoff

1,

Rabieahtul Abu Bakar3

1UTM RAZAK School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

54100 Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Tel: +6019-3649495; Fax: +603-

26934844; [email protected] 2Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Center, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of

Technology,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 3Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention and Research Initiative (SEADPRI), Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor 4 BUMITOUCHplmc Sdn. Bhd., Suite 21, Level 21, Tower Block, Bangunan PERKIM, Jalan Ipoh,

Kuala Lumpur, 5 Technical Services Section, Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia,

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (NRE) Malaysia, Malaysia

KEYWORDS. Topographic Laser Scanning System, High density LiDAR; Debris Flow Mersilau,

Quantitative Hazard and Risk Assessment; 6.0 Mw Earthquake Sabah; Malaysia

ABSTRACT. Cascading geohazard and its associated risk have increased over the last decades

globally and pose a significant threat to modern society. Extreme climate, rapid urbanization, and

environmental degradation substantially increase our exposure and vulnerability to natural hazards

and disaster risk in a developing tropical country. Therefore it is crucial to address the issues,

problems and possible solution related to the natural hazards and their cascading disaster properly.

Despite remarkable efforts of quantifying geological processes at regional scales, the understanding of

the Earth’s dynamic system remains challenging lead to several fundamental study and applied

research. Malaysia is known with its relatively low seismic hazard zone, however, a recent 6.0 Mw

earthquake in Sabah created driving forces to carry out an integrated disaster research in a systematic

and comprehensive way. Several baseline data, e.g. an inventory updated in spatial and temporal

manner is lacking and if available, it is subject to argument and questionable. An intense geological

and stability assessment after the earthquake is very hard to organize due to inaccessibility,

dangerous, and large forested area. Quantitative analysis and assessment of aforementioned issues in

an objective manner at a large coverage required reliable and accurate spatial data. Modern geospatial

technology and advanced earth observation system is the only best tool for objectively understanding

the issues and solving the problems in a changing environment.

This research initiative promotes multi-, inter-, and trans-disciplinary disaster approach to have a

better understanding and assessment of the geological processes, activities and associated risks

especially in the context of post-earthquake in Kundasang-Ranau region. To get an accurate and




detailed characteristics in a relatively short period of cascading geohazard as a result of June 05

earthquake in Sabah, spatial information of affected zone particularly the debris flow in Mersilau is

critically needed. In this paper, we present the newly captured airborne LiDAR data over the most

difficult topographic and landscape in Kundasang. The study area is located in Kundasang, Sabah, a

tectonically active area in Malaysia with an area of about 20 km2. We captured a high density airborne

LiDAR data on August 24, 2015 using a helicopter with advanced LiDAR system, LiteMapper 6800-

400kHz. The data acquisition was completed in less than 10 minute resulted in about 724 million

point clouds over the channelized debris flow in Kundasang. We also acquired 0.06 m digital images

captured using a Hasselblad H60 (DigiCam 60MP) made the geometric and radiometric-derived co-

seismic landslides data are possibly analyzed and intelligently extracted. The important questions

related to earth surface processes and landforms and associated disaster risk can be quantitatively and

objectively answered.

Characterization of seismotectonic activity from space in a tropical environment is very challenging

given the complexity of its physiographic, climatic, geologic conditions and anthropogenic activities.

There are many factors controlling the success rate of the implementation mainly due to the lack of

historical earthquakes, geomorphological evidence, and proper identification of regional tectonic

patterns. In this study, we aim at providing better insight to map, characterize debris flow processes

and characterize its activity by integrating newly capture high density airborne LiDAR data with

archived remotely sensed data coupling with geodetic space data, historical records and in-situ

measurement data. It is crucial to perform spatiotemporal analysis of cascading geological hazard

activity in a complex environment in Kundasang, Sabah.

As a result of detailed and accurate physical characteristics of tectonic- and hillslope

geomorphological processes, we develop a comprehensive geodatabase of cascading hazard events

and with the support of good historical data, it allow us to analyse the spatiotemporal activity over the

affected region. In the near future, an object-based image analysis for extracting tropical seismically

active faults and related geodynamics features will be carried out. We aim to develop the

exchangeable and transferable rule-set with optimal parameterization for such aforementioned tasks.

A geomorphometric-based multi-sensory remotely sensed approach will be established to

quantitatively understand the tectonic- and hillslope geomorphology in an equatorial area.

Quantification evaluation of uncertainties associated to spatial seismic hazard and risks prediction

remains very challenging to understand. In the near future, it is crucial to address the changes of

climate and land-use-land-cover in relation to temporal and spatial pattern of seismically induced

landslides. Geospatial-based cascading hazard analysis provides a better clue for understanding the

different types of tectonic processes affecting the environment at different spatial scales. It is also

important to assess, model and incorporate the changes due to natural disasters into the sustainable

risk management.

Further investigation on the development of new algorithms for point cloud filtering, segmentation,

feature extraction, advanced classification and change detection will significantly improve our

understanding on how complex landslides behave and evolve. New perspectives and integrated

research direction on new 3D earth surface processes and landforms modeling will be addressed in the

current and future research work. This paper puts forth the recommendations, effective strategies,

integrated approaches and future direction of advanced LiDAR mapping technology for mapping,

monitoring, modelling and managing crucial data for the nation development. It provides a better



insight into the comprehensive methodological, functional and operational framework for the

implementation of the multi-agencies LiDAR project in Malaysia.

As a conclusion, this study recommended the use of new and emerging mapping technique based on

topographic laser scanning system coupled with other existing mapping data promises a better

understanding of geodynamic activity in the affected disaster region. A wide range of spatial and

temporal scales of the geomorphological process-response system is critically needed. A

comprehensive hazard and associated risk assessment can be performed with greatly support of

modern and advanced geospatial data acquisition, processing, and analysis in a tropical environment.



A-06

FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY ANALYSIS (FSAn) USING MULTI-CRITERIA EVALUATION

(MCE) TECHNIQUE: CASE STUDY FROM PENAMPANG, SABAH

Rodeano Roslee,

1,* Felix Tongkul,

2 Norbert Simon,

3 & Mustapha Abd. Talip

4

1 Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Science & Natural Resources, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota

Kinabalu, Sabah. 2 Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Science & Natural Resources, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota

Kinabalu, Sabah. 3 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science & Technology, 43600, Bangi, Selangor. 4Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Humanities, Arts & Heritage, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota

Kinabalu, Sabah.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

KEYWORDS: Flood Susceptibility Analysis (FSAn); Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE); Sabah;

Malaysia

ABSTRACT. Flooding is one of the major natural disasters in Sabah, Malaysia. Several recent cases

of catastrophic flooding were recorded especially in Penampang area, Sabah (e.g. Nov. 2002; Sept.

2007; Jun 2008; Oct. 2010; Dec. 2013; Oct. & Dec. 2014; Jan. 2015) (Figs. 1 & 2). Heavy monsoon

rainfall has triggered floods and caused great damage in Penampang area. The 2014 floods has

affected 40,000 people from 70 villages (Fig. 3). The main objective of this study are to analysis the

Flood Susceptibility Level (FSL) in the study area. In this study, eigth (8) parameters were considered

in relation to the causative factors to flooding, which are: rainfall, slope gradient, elevation, drainage

density, landuse, soil textures, slope curvatures and flow accumulation (Fig. 4 & Tab. 1). Flood

Susceptibility Analysis (FSAn) map (Fig. 5) were produced based on the data collected from the field

survey, laboratory analysis, high resolution digital radar images (IFSAR) acquisation, and secondary

data. FSL were defined using Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) technique integrated with GIS

software. The information from this paper can contribute to better management of flood disaster in

this study area.

Figure 1 Location of the study area

Figure 2 Daily recorded rainfall of Babagon

Agriculture Station from year August 2002 – May

2015.




Figure 3 Some cases in 2014 floods at Penampang, Sabah (Sources: Pejabat Daerah Penampang)

Figure 4 Thematic maps for Flood Susceptibility Analysis (FSAn) in the study area



Table 1 The weighted value of the factor in the final result

Main

Parameters

Total

Weighte

d

Sub

Parameters

Weighte

d Values

Rainfall 0.3253

0 – 40 mm

41 – 100 mm

101 – 200

mm

201 – 300

mm

> 300 mm

0.0624

0.0986

0.1610

0.2618

0.4162

Drainage

Density 0.2274

0 – 50 m

51 – 100 m

101 – 150 m

151 – 200 m

> 200 m

0.4162

0.2618

0.1610

0.0986

0.0624

Flow

Accumulatio

n

0.1584

Very Low

Low

Moderate

High

Very High

0.1238

0.1470

0.1402

0.2278

0.3612

Landuse 0.1108

Residential

Commercial

Institution &

School

Public

Infrastructure

s

Agricultural

& Forestry

0.3162

0.2509

0.2193

0.1380

0.0756

Main

Parameters

Total

Weighted

Sub

Parameters

Weighted

Values

Elevation 0.0719

< 5 m

6 – 10 m

11 – 20 m

21 – 30 m

> 30 m

0.2940

0.2681

0.2113

0.1507

0.0759

Slope

Gradient 0.0490

0 – 5 (o)

6 – 15 (o)

16 – 30 (o)

31 – 60 (o)

> 60 (o)

0.0623

0.0986

0.1611

0.2618

0.4162

Soil

Textures 0.0335

Lokan

Weston

Tanjung Aru

Kinabatangan

Tuaran

Dalit

Crocker

Sapi

Brantian

Klias

0.0199

0.0308

0.0323

0.0433

0.0595

0.0811

0.1102

0.1495

0.2018

0.2716

Slope

Curvatures 0.0238

Convex

Concave

Straight

0.5389

0.2973

0.1638

Figure 5 Flood Susceptibility Level (FSL) map of study area



A-07

ACTIVE FAULTS IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA WITH EMPHASIS ON ACTIVE

GEOMORPHIC FEATURES OF BUKIT TINGGI REGION

MUSTAFFA KAMAL SHUIB*1, MOHAMMAD ABDUL MANAP

2, FELIX

TONGKUL3,ISMAIL BIN ABD RAHIM

3,TAJUL ANUAR JAMALUDIN

4, NORAINI SURIP

5,

RABIEAHTUL ABU BAKAR4 , ROZIAH CHE MUSA

6 ,ZAHID AHMAD

6

1Department Of Geology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur.

2Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia, Headquarters BangunanTabung Haji,

JalanTunRazak, 50658 Kuala Lumpur. 3School of science and technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah

4School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.

Selangor 5Faculty of Engineering, Technology & Built Environment, UCSI University, 56000 Kuala Lumpur

6Malaysian remote Sensing Agency, jalanTun Ismail, 50480 Kuala Lumpur.

KEYWORDS. Active Faults, geomorphology, seismic hazard, IFSAR interpretations.

ABSTRACT

Introduction

In areas like Peninsular Malaysia, where there is no reliable, long-term earthquake record and an

absence of historical fault surface ruptures, it is necessary to examine the geologic and geomorphic

record, in order to quantify the activity on suspected active faults, and thereby determine their

contribution to the seismic hazards of the region.

Major active faults

A plot of the earthquake epicentres of Peninsular Malaysia shows a diffuse pattern typical of

intraplate seismicity. However in a closer look the epicentres seem to aligned along the NNW Bukit

Tinggi fault zone, N-S Benus and Karak faults (Bukit Tinggi epicentres), the NNW Lepar fault

(Jerantut epicentre) ,Bokbak fault zone (Baling epicentre), Mersing fault zone (Mersing epicentre),

Terengganu fault (Kenyir epicentre). These are considered as active fault zones but do not show any

surface rupture related to the present earthquakes.

Geomorphic evidences

In this paper, we summarize the results of recent geomorphic investigations of active faults in Bukit

Tinggi and Karak areas using IFSAR and field verification. The recent earthquake epicentres are

aligned along several faults which are deemed active and are considered to be a potential source of

future earthquakes. The analysis noted that the earthquake epicenters are found in the vicinity or

along:

a) the Bukit Tinggi fault Zone trend (NW)

b) WNW trend along the Bukit Tinggi fault zone.

c) E-W and d) NE trends as shown in figure 1.

In the region these faults include the Bukit Tinggi fault zone, Benus fault and Karak fault. These

faults show at least one of these geomorphic features 1) displays geomorphic features indicative of

recent fault activity; 2) there is evidence for displacement in young (Late Quaternary) deposits or



surfaces; and/or 3) is associated with a pattern of micro earthquakes suggestive of an active faults

(Figure 2).The geomorphic and displacement features include offset, shifted and beheaded streams.

They displayed evidences for Quaternary to Holocene movements. The relationship with earthquake

epicentres suggests that these movements are ongoing but without any surface rupture.

Conclusion

These young active geomorphic landforms, show that the most recent surface rupturing events on

these faults are Late Pleistocene to Holocene. Recent earthquake epicentres are aligned along these

faults suggest on going activities. These findings is consistent with Peninsular Malaysia’s present

crustal movements determined through GPS which indicated counter clockwise rotation with

increasing rate from south to north are consistent to present findings. It confirmed the reactivation of

local faults due to the presence of ongoing crustal deformation. These active faults are considered

capable of producing large earthquakes and their contribution to seismic hazard of the areas must be

considered.

Figure 1: Relationship between the earthquake epicentres with Bukit Tinggi fault zone.



Figure 2: DTM of Bukit Tinggi area showing young active tectonic landforms such as stream offsets,

beheaded streams and migrating streams where these offsets occur along lineaments that pass through

earthquake epicentres.



A-08

THE POTENTIAL OF VIRTUAL REALITY IN COMMUNITY FLOOD DISASTER

PREPAREDNESS TRAINING

Zakir Hussein Mohamed Hashim*, Mohamad Syazli Fathi and Siti Uzairiah Mohd Tobi

UTM Razak School of Engineering & Advanced Technology,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Semarak, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

ABSTRACT. Flooding are regular natural events in Malaysia which happened nearly every year

during the monsoon season. It affects the population, area and socio economic of the communities. It

is argued that the lack of understanding among communities about flooding and its disaster risk, and

a poor level of knowledge about disaster reduction initiatives and preparedness are the important

reasons for the annual monsoon flooding may turn into a disaster. Effective training is a pillar of

disaster preparedness efforts through out the world. The quality, frequency and consistency of

disaster training will make an impact to community and disaster agencies readiness. Traditional

training such as classroom and web based training are long established but it’s still lack realism.

While live drill and table top are valid but it’s still inconsistent due to limited resources available

such as time, cost and participant during design and execution. This paper review the existing

community flood preparedness program and explore the potential use of Virtual Reality technology in

disaster management training. Virtual Reality (VR) is an immersive digital environment to simulate

real world or imaginative worlds and lets the user interact in that world. The advancement of VR

nowadays appear promising in its ability to offer unique, realistic and cost effective solution for

disaster preparedness training. VR can be used to simulate real flooding disaster situation and

effective training can be conducted to prepare disaster agencies or community for the disaster.

KEYWORDS. Disaster Management Training; Awareness; Preparedness; Virtual Reality Training;

Community Flood Program



A-09

QUA VADIS PENGURUSAN BENCANA ALAM?

Mohd Dahlan Hj. A. Malek1, Adi Fahrudin

2 & Ferlis Bullare @ Bahari

3

1, 3 Unit Penyelidikan Psikologi dan Kesihatan Sosial

Fakulti Psikologi dan Pendidikan


Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

2 Sekolah Tinggi Kesejahteraan Sosial

Bandung, Indonesia

ABSTRAK. Kertas kerja ini secara khusus bertujuan untuk membincangkan tentang bencana,

konsepsi pengurusan bencana dan bagaimana pengurusan bencana nasional yang efektif dapat

diterapkan. Perbincangan dan perbahasan dalam kertas kerja ini lebih merupakan refleksi dan

pembelajaran penting dari peristiwa bencana Gempa di Kundasang, Sabah dan Tsunami di Nanggroe

Aceh Darussalam dan Sumatera Utara beberapa waktu lalu. Berdasarkan pasca krisis ekonomi tahun

1997, hampir setiap saat terjadi bencana di tanah air kita samada di Malaysia atau di Indonesia, baik

berskala kecil kecil atau besar berdasarkan pengukuruan skala antarabangsa. Bencana merupakan

kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi di luar kawalan manusia. Disebabkan di luar kawalan manusia

maka kejadian atau peristiwa terjadinya bencana sifatnya mendadak yang menyebabkan kerugian,

penderitaan dan bahkan kematian manusia. Bencana pula kemungkinan berpunca dari teknologi,

sosio-politik dan alam. Kertas kerja ini juga turut membincangkan tentang bentuk bencana iaitu

bencana alam dan bencana buatan manusia serta bagaimana kesannya kepada tingkah laku manusia.

Selain itu, kertas kerja ini juga membincangkan tentang pengurusan bencana yang berkesan bagi

menjamin kesejahteraan psikologi manusia dan juga pengurusan yang efektif dalam menangani

musibah bencana di Malaysia dan juga Indonesia.

KATAKUNCI. Pengurusan Bencana, Gempa, Musibah, Kesejahteraan Psikologi.



A-10

STRATEGI DAYA TAHAN DALAM MENGHADAPI BENCANA BANJIR

DI KELANTAN

Rospidah Ghazali*1 dan Hafizi Mat Salleh

1Institut Pembangunan dan Alam Sekitar (LESTARI)

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)

43600 Bangi Selangor

ABSTRAK. Kejadian bencana banjir sememangnya sinonim dengan negeri Kelantan. Jajahan

Tumpat dan Pasir Mas merupakan antara kawasan yang teruk terjejas kerana dua kawasan ini terletak

di Lembangan Sungai Kelantan dan juga Lembangan Sungai Golok. Limpahan air dari kedua-dua

sungai tersebut merupakan punca utama berlakunya banjir di kawasan tersebut terutamanya pada

musim tengkujuh. Penduduk khususnya yang tinggal berhampiran dengan sungai terdedah dengan

ancaman banjir yang bukan sahaja merosak dan memusnahkan harta benda tetapi juga keselamatan

nyawa. Susulan kekerapan bencana banjir yang berlaku, pelbagai strategi daya tahan dilaksanakan

oleh mangsa-mangsa banjir dan pihak yang berkepentingan dalam berhadapan dengan kejadian banjir.

Objektif kertas kerja ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti strategi-strategi daya tahan yang dibangunkan

dan dilaksanakan oleh mangsa-mangsa dan pelbagai pihak berkepentingan bagi mengurangkan impak

dari kejadian banjir. Cabaran dan halangan dalam melaksanakan strategi berdaya tahan juga turut

dibincangkan di dalam kertas kerja ini. Bagi mencapai objektif berkenaan, kajian survei dilakukan ke

atas 343 orang responden yang terdiri mangsa banjir di Jajahan Tumpat dan Jajahan Pasir Mas.

Responden yang dipilih merupakan petani yang menginap dan mengusahakan pertanian berhampiran

Sungai Kelantan dan Sungai Golok. Kajian mendapati terdapat dua mekanisma strategi daya tahan

yang dilaksana iaitu pertama strategi daripada mangsa banjir; dan kedua strategi daya tahan daripada

institusi atau pihak berkepentingan. Kedua-dua mekanisme ini dilaksanakan ada tiga peringkat iaitu

sebelum, semasa dan selepas bencana kejadian banjir berlaku.

KATA KUNCI. Strategi berdaya tahan, penghidupan lestari, bencana banjir



A-11

PEMBENTUKAN KERANGKA KONSEPSUAL PENGUKURAN TAHAP KESEDARAN

BAGI PENCEGAHAN DAN PERSIAPAN PENGURUSAN BENCANA

*Noor Azmi Mohd Zainol, Ahmad Azan Ridzuan, Haslinda Abdullah & Safar Yaacob

Fakulti Pengajian dan Pengurusan Pertahanan


Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 KUALA LUMPUR

*Corresponding Author: Tel: 019-2107172


Abstrak. Kajian eksploratori ini dilaksanakan bertujuan mendapatkan elemen-elemen utama bagi

membina sebuah kerangka konsepsual dan menyediakan instrumen berkesan berkaitan pengurusan

bencana bagi penyelidikan yang lebih komprehensif. Ini bagi menyediakan individu, komuniti dan

organisasi tentang kesedaran dan pendidikan berkaitan bencana bagi pencegahan (prevention) serta

persiapan (preparedness) menghadapi bencana. Subjek utama kajian adalah peristiwa banjir di

Kelantan pada Disember 2014 dan Sarawak pada Januari 2015. Gabungan antara sorotan literatur,

temubual, perbincangan kumpulan fokus, pemerhatian dan pemerhatian turut serta dijadikan asas

dalam pembinaan kerangka konsepsual ini. Dapatan kajian menemukan bahawa ciri-ciri demografi,

pengetahuan terhadap bencana, pengalaman menghadapi bencana, sikap/kesedaran terhadap bencana,

pendedahan terhadap pencegahan dan persiapan serta kesedaran dan persiapan untuk bertindakbalas

merupakan elemen-elemen pemboleh ubah bebas bagi kerangka konsepsual ini. Elemen-elemen ini

seterusnya mempengaruhi persepsi terhadap bencana (pemboleh ubah mencelah) dan pemboleh ubah

bersandar, iaitu kelakuan terhadap bencana (pencegahan dan persiapan). Seterusnya, perbincangan

berkaitan yang lebih teliti akan dibuat dalam kertas kerja ini.

KATA KUNCI. Bencana alam, pencegahan, persiapan, persepsi terhadap bencana, kelakuan terhadap

bencana.



A-12

IDENTIFYING GEOMORPHOLOGIC SIGNATURES FROM EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED

LANDSLIDES EVENT: A CASE STUDY FROM M 5.9 RANAU EARTHQUAKE

Habibah Hanan Mat Yusoff*1, Khamarrul Azahari Razak

1, Rabieahtul Adawiyah Abu Bakar

2

1UTM Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia,

54100 Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI)

2Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiatives (SEADPRi-UKM)

Institut Kajian Bencana Asia Tenggara


Level 6 Block 1, Keris Mas

43600 Bangi, Selangor

Malaysia

ABSTRACT. After the devastating earthquake on 5th June 2015, a three-day field trip was made at

the affected locations to observe the impact of M5.9 earthquake. The main objective of this study is to

observe landslide geomorphology in different situations such as at the mountain, fault scarp, and

slopes. Landslide geomorphologic signatures of earthquake-induced landslide were observed at

Mount. Kinabalu viewing from Pekan Nabalu and Kampung Kiau as shown in Figure 1 until Figure

4, head scarp viewing at Kampung Seminggan, and at slope viewing at Kampung Dumpiring Atas. As

the results, fresh landslides and rockslides were observed on the Mt. Kinabalu landslides boundaries

are clearly seen from far. In addition, scarps and transport zone can be observed as well. However,

the deposition zones are mostly not seen, which debris might be fallen down through the trees and

flowed into the nearby water channels instead of accumulated as landslide toe. The shape is mostly

elongated and a few has a spoon-shaped morphology. The types of landslides consist of translational,

rotational, debris flow, and rock avalanches. At Kampung Dumpiring Atas, we visited two landslides

locations, which is the reactivated scarps from the recent earthquake. We measured the depth of the

scarps at crown at both locations, which have the depths of 70cm and 50cm. Hummocky and stepped

morphology at the landslide debris was observed. At Kampung Seminggan, there is a fault scarp at

depth 93 cm, followed by lateral cracks morphology. These landslide geomorphology observation of

earthquake - induced landslide have different geomorphology from rainfall - triggering landslide.

KEYWORDS. Earthquake- induced landslide, geomorphology, landslide



Figure 1

Figure 2: Hummocky and stepped morphology at the landslide debris, where resident plants trees to

reduce the movement.



Figure 3: Lateral cracks morphology, which may cause landslide

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank Universiti Teknologi Malaysia under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme

(FRGS) for the funding. I would like to convey my appreciation to my supervisor, Dr Khamarrul

Azahari bin Razak for giving me this golden opportunity; Puan Rabieahtul Adawiyah binti Abu Bakar

from SEADPRI-UKM for sharing the photos from the field trip and input during the discussion;

Department of Minerals and Geoscience of Sabah staffs (especially Encik Jaineh and Encik Mujahid)

for allowing us to join the earthquake assessment; respondents for the cooperation during interview

session; mountain guides; residents of Kampung Kiau Nabalu, Kampung Kiau Taburi, Kampung

Seminggan and especially residents of Kampung Dumpiring Atas who were enthusiastically showing

the damages and new landslide scars.



A-13

ASSOCIATION OF EVACUATION DIMENSIONS TOWARDS RISK PERCEPTION OF

THE MALAYSIAN STUDENTS WHO STUDIED AT JAKARTA, MEDAN, AND ACHEH IN

INDONESIA

Ahmad Azan Ridzuan*, Ungku Azly Ungku Zahar, Noor Akmar Mohd Noor

National Defence University of Malaysia

Sungai Besi Camp, 57000 Kuala Lumpur

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Tel: 0192726202

ABSTRACT. Disasters can strike anywhere at any time that may result in injuries or loss of life for

those individuals who are ill-prepared for disaster situations. Evacuation is a vital part of disaster

management. Successful evacuation requires involvement of the community by understanding

evacuation orders, knowing evacuation routes and timely decision making to evacuate. This study was

conducted to measure the relationship between evacuation dimensions (behavioral, organizational,

physical hazard, response, social, and warning) and risk perception using questionnaires gathered

from the Malaysian students who studied at Jakarta, Medan, and Acheh in Indonesia. The outcomes

of SmartPLS path model showed six important findings: firstly, behavioral not significantly correlated

with risk perception. Second, organizational significantly correlated with risk perception. Third,

physical hazard significantly correlated with risk perception. Fourth, response significantly

correlated with risk perception. Fifth, social significantly correlated with risk perception. Sixth,

warning significantly correlated with risk perception. Statistically, this result confirms that the

implementation of organizational, physical hazard, response, social, and warning have been

important determinant of risk perception. Conversely, the implementation of behavioral had not

enhanced the risk perception in the organizational sample. In addition, discussion, implications and

conclusion are elaborated.

KEYWORDS. Evacuation dimensions, risk perception, disaster, SmartPLS




A-14

PSYCHOLOGICAL DEBRIEFING INTERVENTION: WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT IT?

Nabisah Ibrahim*1, Siti Rozaina Kamsani

2 & Noor Azniza Ishak

3

Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010, Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT. Efforts to minimize long-term psychological morbidity following natural disaster have

resulted in calls for the psychological interventions for survivors. These calls are based on the

assumption that the earlier intervention occurs, the less opportunity for maladaptive and disruptive

cognitive and behavioral patterns (Talbott, 2009). In response to these calls, many disaster’s first

responders have used Psychological Debriefing (PD) intervention following this traumatic event.

Psychological Debriefing intervention has found to be one of the effective interventions to prevent the

development of post-traumatic stress disorder and other negative sequel (Cooper, 2003). Even though

PD is frequently discussed in Western studies, yet, it is not deliberately explain in Malaysian disaster

literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to discuss the importance of Psychological

Debriefing Intervention and it implications on post disaster management in Malaysia. The process of

psychological debriefing and different types of PD models based on Western experiences is presented.

Various factors that influence the process of psychological debriefing are discussed with emphasis on

Malaysian cultural perspective. It is suggested that the continued exploration and discussion is

critical in developing Malaysian Psychological Debriefing Model.

KEYWORDS. Psychological debriefing, crisis intervention, post-disaster management, debriefing

model.






A-15

APPLICATION OF GSI SYSTEM FOR SLOPE STABILITY STUDIES ON

SELECTED SLOPES OF THE CROCKER FORMATION IN KOTA KINABALU

AREA, SABAH

Lee Kiun You* & Ismail Abd Rahim

Geology Program, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS,

88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah

*Email address: [email protected]

KEYWORDS. geological strength index (GSI), slope stability, Crocker Formation, finite element

analysis

Introduction

This study was conducted on two selected slopes, namely slope A and slope B in Kota Kinabalu area,

Sabah (Figure 1). The study area is underlain by Crocker Formation of Late Eocene to Late Early

Miocene ages (Sanudin & Baba, 2007) which consisting of interbedded sandstone and shale layers.

The objectives of this study are to determine the Geological Strength Index (GSI) rating, rock mass

properties and slope stability for the selected slopes. GSI system is a rock mass classification system

which was introduced by Hoek et al. (1992) and was expanded by Marinos (2007) for heterogeneous

rock mass. GSI system is being utilised along with Hoek-Brown criterion (Hoek et al. 2002) around

the world to determine reliable input data such as rock mass properties for slope stability analysis.

Methodology

Engineering geological mapping and discontinuity survey were conducted to obtain quantitative

description of discontinuities (ISRM, 1978) as well as rock sampling based on grain sizes. GSI rating

(Marinos, 2007) and disturbance factor was obtained from discontinuity survey and field observation

on the slope face, respectively. Residual GSI rating was determined using empirical method by Cai et

al. (2007). Laboratory study was done to determine the Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) via

point load test (ISRM, 1985) and unit weight by dry density test (ISRM, 1979). The final UCS and

dry density values of rock mass were obtained based on lithological unit thickness approach (Ismail

Abd Rahim et al., 2009). Intact rock parameter (mi) was based on the suggested values given by

Marinos and Hoek (2000). Rock mass properties such as cohesion, friction angle, tensile strength,

Young’s modulus and residual strength were determined by applying GSI system into the Hoek-

Brown criterion. Kinematic analysis and finite element analysis (FEA) were conducted to identify

localised mode of failure and the safety factor of the selected slopes. Prescriptive measures (Yu et al.,

2005) were used to determine the rock cut slope designs.

Results and discussion

The GSI rating obtained for slope A is 38 which consists of interbedded of thick shale and sandstone

layers. It has 27m height, 24.03m length, 5.5m bench height, 1.2m bench width, 330°N slope face

orientation, and 50° slope angle. Slope B has GSI rating of 43 and consists of interbedded of siltstone

and shale with similar amount. It has 21m height, 21.13m length, 5.2m bench height, 1.2m bench

width, 270°N slope face orientation, and 50° slope angle. Figure 2 shows the GSI rating for slope A

and slope B based on the chart for heterogeneous rock masses. Table 1 shows the result of the



parameters and rock mass properties for the selected slopes. The residual strength for the selected

slopes was shown in Table 2. Results show that the rock mass properties of the rock masses were

largely influenced by GSI rating. Kinematic analysis shows slope A and slope B do not have any

potential mode of failure. Safety factor obtained from FEA for the slope A and slope B were 1.84

(Figure 3) and 1.74 (Figure 4), respectively. Both selected slopes can be considered as stable at the

present time. Even though both slopes are stable now, the installation of wire mesh, bolting, weep

holes, and surface drainage are needed to prevent future failure.

Conclusion

GSI rating for slope A and slope B are 38 and 43, respectively. Rock mass properties have

been determined and largely influenced by GSI rating. Based on kinematic analysis and FEA, both

slope A and slope B can be considered as stable. Wire mesh, bolting, weep holes, and surface

drainage should be considered for installation to prevent future failure.

References

Hoek, E., Caranza-Torres, C. T. & Corcum, B., 2002. Hoek–Brown failure criterion 2002 edition. In

Bawden, H. R. W., Curran, J, Telsenicki, M. (eds). Proceedings of the NARMS-TAC 2002.

Mining Innovation and Technology. Toronto. pp 267–273.

Hoek, E., Wood, D. & Shah, S. 1992. A modified Hoek-Brown criterion for jointed rock masses. In

Hudson, J. A. (ed). Proc. Rock Characterization, Symp. Int. Soc. Rock Mech.: Eurock ’92.. pp

209-214.

Ismail Abd Rahim, Sanudin Tahir, Baba Musta & Shariff A. K. Omang. 2009. Lithological unit

thickness approach for determining Intact Rock Strength of slope forming material of Crocker

Formation. Borneo Science. 25:23-31. ISSN 1394-4339.

ISRM, 1978. Suggested method for quantitative description of discontinuities in rock masses. Int.

Journal of Rock Mech., Mining Sc. and Geomechanics Abstracts. 15:319-368.

ISRM, 1979. Suggested method for determining water content, porosity, density, absorption and

related properties and swelling and slake-durability index properties. Int. Journal of Rock

Mech., Mining Sc. and Geomechanics Abstracts. 16(2):141-156.

ISRM, 1985. Suggested method for determining point load strength. International Journal of Rock

Mechanics, Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts. 22(2):51–60.

Marinos, P. & Hoek, E. 2000. GSI – A geologically friendly tool for rock mass strength estimation.

Proc. Geo Eng 2000 Conference. Melbourne.

Marinos, V. 2007. Geotechnical classification and engineering geological behaviour of weak and

complex rock masses in tunnelling. Doctoral thesis. School of Civil Engineering,

Geotechnical Engineering Department, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA).

Athens.

Sanudin Tahir & Baba Musta. 2007. Pengenalan Kepada Stratigrafi. Kota Kinabalu: Universiti

Malaysia Sabah.

Yu, Y. F., Siu, C. K. & Pun, W. K. 2005. Guideline on the use of prescriptive measures for rock cut

slopes. Geo Report. Hong Kong. 161.



Figure 1: Map of the study area.

Figure 2: GSI chart (Marinos, 2007) and rating for slope A (red) and slope B (blue).



Table 1: Parameter and rock mass properties for slope A and slope B.

Slope Type GSI D UCS

(MPa)

Dry

density

(g/cm3)

mi Cohesion

(MPa)

Friction

angle (°)

Tensile

strength

(MPa)

Young’s

modulus

(MPa)

A V 38 0.7 46.31 2.48 7.82 0.166 39.22 0.022 2216.9

B IV 43 0.7 29.71 2.45 6.19 0.135 38.25 0.028 2367.9

Table 2: Residual strength for slope A and slope B.

Slope Residual cohesion

(MPa)

Residual friction

angle (°)

Residual tensile

strength (MPa)

Residual Young’s

modulus (MPa)

A 0.093 30.45 0.006 934.9

B 0.064 27.89 0.005 793.2

Figure 3: Cross section for slope A and mass movement acting on the slope.

Figure 4: Cross section for slope B and mass movement acting on the slope.



A-16

POTENTIAL GEOHAZARD INDUCED BY BLASTING WORK AT FORMER QUARRY

SITES

Nurshazren Fauzi1,*

, Hamzah Hussin.2, Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin

3, Nor Shahida Shafiee

4

1,2,4Fakulti Sains Bumi, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kampus Jeli, Kelantan 3Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan


KEYWORDS. Blasting work, geohazard, former quarry, rock slopes

Introduction

Rock blasting works have been carried out from rock quarrying activities around Selangor for

aggregate demand. Due to the over blasting activity, the potential of blasted rock slopes has become a

concern. The excessive rock blasting has caused the rock slope in poorly engineered site which are too

high (up to 70-80metre) and does not have any bench, thus making it very difficult to stabilize.

Besides that, the effect of bulk and uncontrolled blasting for rock excavation is evidence from the

highly rough and jagged surface with abundant overhanging whereby protruding, loose blocks are

bounded by dilated joints and fractures (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Exposing rough and jagged rock face with abundant overhanging and loose blocks

Objectives

The main objectives of this study are to highlight the potential induced by blasting at former quarry

sites and to analyse its stability.

Method of Study

In order to identify potential hazard at study area, detail observation of loose, hanging and highly

fractured rock mass was observed and noted in base map. The available geologic data was collected

and analyses for rock slope kinematic stability was conducted.



Results and Discussion

Figure 2 shows the excessive rock blasting from the past rock quarrying activities has resulted in the

rock slope with highly jagged and rough rock faces. The abundant loose, overhanging and protruding

blocks of variable sizes and shapes are found in the rock slope. Based on the kinematic stability

analysis, the slope has a high potential for slope failure as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 2: Example of loose, unstable blocks that ought to be removed from the slope

Figure 3: Kinematic stability analysis of rock cut slope.

Conclusion

Blasting work at the former quarry sites had induced the potential geohazard. Hence, further

study for potential geohazard is essential to ensure the stabilization of slope in project site.



A-17

KAMPUNG MESILOU LANDSLIDE: THE CONTROLLING FACTORS

Ismail Abd Rahim*, Lee Kiun You & Nabilah Salleh

Natural Disasters Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia

Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Phone: 088-320000 (5737)

Fax: 088-435324

[email protected]

ABSTRACT. This landslide study was conducted in Kampung Mesilou, Kundasang. Desk study, field

study and data analysis used were based on recorded slides occurred in 2008, July 2013, November

2013 and June 2015. These episodic landslides have significant impact on road, concrete bridge,

vegetable gardens and killed a farmer. Factors that control the slides are natural and anthropogenic

activities. The natural factors include geological characteristics, weathering, excessive precipitation

and natural river phenomena. Human activity is represented by unguided cutting slope for

development purposes. The geological factor consists of unconsolidated Pinosuk Gravel rock unit and

occurrence of active northeast-southwest fault zone crossing this area. High weathering rate has

weakening the underlying rock unit as well as heavy precipitation. Intermittently high energy during

storm of the main river channel of Mesilou River has been increasing the rate of erosion at slope base

since few decades. Natural slope was steepened during road construction and become less stable.

Slope stability analysis has confirmed the slope is unstable with FOS > 1, especially during rainy

session.




A-18

PENILAIAN DAN PEMETAAN BAHAYA TANAH RUNTUH BAGI CERUN

TANAH DI PENAMPANG, SABAH

Aminaton Marto*1, Suzila Mohammad

2, Choy Soon Tan

1

1Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor,

Malaysia. 2Sekolah Sukan Malaysia Pahang, Bandar Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang

ABSTRAK. Tanah runtuh adalah pelbagai proses yang menyebabkan pergerakan ke bawah dan

keluar bahan-bahan pembentuk cerun termasuk batu, tanah, pengisi tiruan atau gabungan

kesemuanya. Sebagai sebuah negara tropika, faktor pemcetus utama tanah runtuh di Malaysia adalah

hujan yang intensif. Walau bagaimanapun, bahaya tanah runtuh hanya dinilai berasaskan kes-kepada-

kes dan kejadian tanah runtuh tidak direkodkan secara terperinci di Malaysia. Kertas kerja ini

membentangkan keputusan satu kajian awal mengenai penilaian dan pemetaan bahaya dan tahap

risiko tanah runtuh bagi cerun tanah di dua buah sekolah rendah iaitu Sekolah Kebangsaan (SK) Buit

Hill dan SK Togudon yang terletak di Penampang, Sabah. Cerun tanah di SK Buit Hill terdiri

daripada cerun potongan dan cerun tambakan, manakala hanya ada cerun tambakan di SK Togudon.

Data geoteknikal termasuk butiran cerun (ketinggian, sudut, penutup dan geometri), topografi

potongan, butiran-butiran tumbuhan dan keadaan air permukaan telah dikumpulkan di tapak. Tahap

bahaya tanah runtuh cerun potongan dan cerun tambakan dianggarkan menggunakan formula

penilaian yang berbeza, yang diperkenalkan oleh Jabatan Kerja Raya, Malaysia. Bahaya tanah runtuh

untuk kesemua cerun telah digambarkan melalui peta bahaya tanah runtuh. Secara amnya, kajian ini

mendapati bahawa tahap bahaya tanah runtuh untuk semua cerun yang terletak di SK Buit Hill dan

SK Togudon adalah kebanyakannya sederhana, menunjukkan bahawa tanah runtuh mungkin berlaku

di bawah keadaan yang sangat buruk. Walau bagaimanapun, cerun tambakan mempunyai tahap

bahaya tanah runtuh yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan cerun potongan.

KATA KUNCI. Peta bahaya, cerun potongan, cerun tambakan



A-19

KAJIAN KETAHANAN KOMUNITI TERHADAP KESEDARAN KOMUNITI DALAM

PERSEDIAAN MENGHADAPI BENCANA

Ahmad Azan Ridzuan, Mohd Juraimy Hj Kadir*, Zamri Ismail, Ungku Azly Ungku Zahar &

Mazura Mat Zain

Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia.

Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur

*Corresponding Author: Tel: 019-2227230


ABSTRAK. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menilai pengaruh ketahanan komuniti (hubungan, kerjasama,

pendidikan, kepimpinan dan kesiapsiagaan) terhadap kesedaran komuniti dalam persediaan

menghadapi bencana dengan menggunakan 148 sampel soal selidik keatas komuniti Majlis

Perbandaran Ampang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan. Bencana yang berlaku kerapkali tiada amaran.

Mangsa utama yang terdedah kepada bahaya bencana yang berlaku adalah komuniti di kawasan

terbabit. Komuniti itu sendiri seharusnya mampu bertindak untuk bertahan dalam tempoh sekurang-

kurangnya selama 72 jam. Pemodelan persamaan struktur dari SmartPLS versi 3.0 telah digunakan

untuk menilai disegi keesahan dan keboleh percayaan keatas instrumen dan juga menguji hipotesis

kajian. Hasil analisa mendapati elemen-elemen ketahanan komuniti iaitu hubungan, kepimpinan dan

kesiapsiagaan mempunyai hubungan dengan kesedaran komuniti. Manakala kerjasama dan

pendidikan tidak mempunyai hubungan dengan kesedaran komuniti. Penemuan kajian ini sangat

berguna bagi panduan pengamal agar dapat mengatur strategi untuk menguruskan komuniti untuk

bertindak ketika bencana. Selanjutnya, kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan secara terperinci elemen-

elemen ketahanan komuniti, teori-teori, implikasi dan rumusan yang berkaitan dalam kajian ini.

Kata Kunci: Bencana, ketahanan komuniti, kesedaran komuniti, komuniti Majlis Perbandaran

Ampang Jaya



A-20

PSYCHOLOGICAL DEBRIEFING INTERVENTION: FROM THE LENS OF DISASTER

VOLUNTEERS

Siti Rozaina Kamsani*1, Nabisah Ibrahim

2 & Noor Azniza Ishak

3

Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010, Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT. Flood disaster affects people of all ages and it leads to mental health problems such as

posttraumatic stress. The experience of posttraumatic stress is a sign of discomfort feeling and

miserable situation especially for flood survivors. Being a first responder to the victims, the disaster

volunteers are not only support providers for moral and psychological services, but also agents to

reduce disaster-related-stress. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the key experiences of

volunteers as a first responder in using psychological debriefing intervention with disaster victims.

There were 18 volunteers from different agencies involved in this study. The semi-structured interview

sessions were utilized for data collection. Based on the thematic analysis process, findings indicated

that the volunteer’s resilience skill, emotional stability, and social altruism have been found to be the

major volunteers’ attributes in conducting psychological debriefing intervention. Volunteers’

suggestions on implementing the psychological debriefing intervention for Malaysian context is also

provided.

KEYWORDS. volunteers, psychological debriefing, volunteers’ attributes, post disaster management






A-21

PEMBENTUKAN AKTIVITI MODUL PSIKOSPIRITUAL-MANGSA BANJIR (MPS-

MB) BERDASARKAN DAPATAN KAJIAN KUALITATIF

Fattin Navilla Abdul Ghani1*

, Ferlis Bullare @ Bahari

1, Rosnah Ismail

2, Dahlan A. Malek

1,

Jasmine Adela Mutang1, Lailawati Madlan @ Endalan

1, & Adeymend Reny Japil

1

1 Unit Penyelidikan Psikologi dan Kesihatan Sosial, Fakulti Psikologi dan Pendidikan, Universiti

Malaysia Sabah 2

Pusat Pengajian Pembangunan Insan dan Teknokomunikasi, Universiti Malaysia Perlis

*: [email protected]

ABSTRAK. Penerokaan mengenai aspek psikologi mangsa banjir dan keperluan pembentukan modul

psikologi dilihat sebagai keperluan penting selepas berlaku bencana banjir besar. Bencana banjir di

Malaysia berlaku hampir setiap tahun tetapi pada akhir tahun 2014 dan awal tahun 2015 telah

menjejaskan hampir kesemua negeri dan melibatkan mangsa bencana banjir yang ramai. Menurut

Majlis Keselamatan Negara (2015), jumlah keseluruhan mangsa bencana banjir di Sabah dan Sarawak

adalah seramai 23,874 mangsa dan melibatkan 6434 keluarga. Ketiadaan sokongan pemulihan

kecemasan dalam aspek sosio-emosi selepas bencana akan memberi impak kepada mangsa bencana

secara psikologikal serta mengakibatkan kesan berpanjangan seperti kemurungan. Kajian ini

dijalankan untuk membentuk Modul PsikoSpiritual-Mangsa Banjir (MPS-MB) yang bakal

digunapakai oleh mangsa banjir di negeri Sabah dan Sarawak serta di Semenanjung Malaysia.

Seramai 17 mangsa banjir di Gua Musang dan Manik Urai, Kelantan dan Kuching, Sarawak dijadikan

sebagai responden kajian. Pemilihan berdasarkan senarai mangsa banjir yang berdaftar di pusat

pemindahan banjir. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kajian kes dan analisis data

menggunakan kaedah analisis tema. Hasil kajian kualitatif menjadi asas dan panduan kepada

pembinaan MPS-MB yang merangkumi lima (5) unit dan 17 aktiviti. Pembentukan MPS-MB mampu

menjana ilmu pengetahuan mengenai pengalaman sebenar mangsa banjir berkaitan aspek psikologi

dan spiritual. Hasil kajian dan pembentukan modul ini juga membolehkan masyarakat mengetahui

persediaan masa hadapan oleh mangsa banjir agar dapat mengurus dan mengurangkan impak

psikologi yang negatif ke atas mangsa bencana banjir.

KATA KUNCI: Modul Psikospiritual, Mangsa Banjir, Kajian Kualitatif

Jadual 1 : Modul Psikospiritual-Mangsa Banjir

UNIT AKTIVITI

UNIT 1: MEMAHAMI TRAUMA Aktiviti 1: Apa itu trauma?

Aktiviti 2: Bagaimana nak ukur trauma?

Aktiviti 3: Apa yang menyebabkan saya trauma?

Aktiviti 4: Apa respons/reaksi apabila saya

trauma?

UNIT 2: STRATEGI PSIKOSOSIAL

BERDEPAN DENGAN TRAUMA

Aktiviti 5: Berbual & Mendengar

Aktiviti 6: Cara selamatkan diri

Aktiviti 7: Jangan panik (Latihan Pernafasan)




Aktviti 8: Relaks Lah… (Latihan Relaksasi Otot

Progresif)

Aktiviti 9: Pelan Kecemasan Keluarga

UNIT 3: STRATEGI HARAPAN Aktiviti 10: Intervensi Harapan

Imej Harapan

Interaktif Dialog

Peningkatan Kemahiran

UNIT 4: STRATEGI

SPIRITUALITI/RELIGIOSITY

Aktiviti 11: Redha ketentuan Tuhan

Aktiviti 12: Kerohanian/Keimanan

Aktiviti 13: Amalan agama (zikir, doa, bacaan

kitab suci)

UNIT 5: STRATEGI TERAPI DAN

KAUNSELING

Terapi CBT

Aktiviti 14: Pengurusan Reaksi Trauma

Aktiviti 15: Menggalakkan Pemikiran Membina

Aktiviti 16: Rebuilding Healthy Social

Connection

Aktiviti 17: Pendekatan Kaunseling kelompok

(Terapi Kognitif & Tingkah Laku)

Pengetahuan

Kajian ini ditaja oleh Skim Geran Fundamental (FRG0408-SS-1/2015) di bawah Kementerian

Pendidikan Malaysia.

Rujukan

Majlis Keselamatan Negara. (2015). Statistik Mangsa Banjir



A-22

GEOSPATIAL DAN PEMETAAN EMPANGAN PUING TERHADAP SISTEM

SALIRAN SG. LIWAGU DAN SG. MESILAU, DAERAH RANAU, SABAH:

SATU PENELITIAN AWAL

Mustapa Abd Talip*1, Kawi Bidin

2, Baba Musta

3, Rodeano Roslee

4, Julkifli Ag. Besar

5

1 Unit Kajian Remote Sensing & GIS, Fakulti Kemanusiaan, Seni dan Warisan,

Universiti Malaysia Sabah, UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

2 Unit Kajian Bencana Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Sumber Alam,


3 Program Geologi, Fakulti Sains dan Sumber Alam,


4 Program Geologi, Fakulti Sains dan Sumber Alam,


5 Unit Pembangunan Instruksional & Multimedia,

Politeknik Kota Kinabalu, 88450 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia


KATA KUNCI. Geospatial, Pemetaan GIS, Empangan Puing, Ekosistem Saliran, Gunatanah

ABSTRAK: Pembentukan empangan puing (debris dam) dalam sistem saliran di sesuatu

tadahan sungai merupakan proses semulajadi yang terbina dan juga hasil binaan manusia

menerusi himpunan hanyutan tanah, kayu-kayan, bongkah batuan yang tersekat di sepanjang

alur sungai untuk sesuatu tempoh tertentu. Fenomena bencana alam iaitu gempa bumi yang

telah melanda daerah Ranau pada bulan Jun 2015 telah meninggalkan kesan terhadap sistem

saliran di sepanjang sungai di daerah Ranau (Foto 1, 2). Oleh itu, kajian pasca geobencana

daripada perspektif geospatial dan pemetaan telah menarik perhatian dalam meneliti

sejauhmana empangan puing bagi Sg. Liwagu dan Sg. Mesilau, daerah Ranau, Sabah menjadi

isu yang perlu diberi keutamaan dalam konteks pemulihan ekosistem aliran sungai yang telah

terganggu serta juga merupakan sumber utama kepada komuniti sekitarnya (Rajah 1). Kajian

awal ini juga akan meneliti sejauhmana hasil kajian geospatial dan pemetaan dapat menjana

pembentukan indeks empangan puing dalam sesuatu sistem tadahan sungai (Rajah 2 & 3).

Oleh hal yang demikian, kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan kepentingan fungsi empangan

puing (debris dams) memainkan peranan penting dalam proses pemulihan ekosistem saliran

dengan mengintegrasikan parameter-parameter yang telah ditentukan menerusi pengintegrasian

pendekatan geospatial dan pemetaan GIS.

mailto:Email:%[email protected]



Foto 2: Puing Kayu-kayan di Loji Penapisan Air Ranau.

Rajah 1: Rangka Kerja Kajian Pemetaan Geospatial Terhadap Fungsi dan Pola Empangan Puing dalam Ekosistem Saliran Sg. Liwagu dan Sg. Liwagu, Ranau, Sabah

BIDANG KAJIAN

PERSOALAN KAJIAN

OBJEKTIF KAJIAN

PARAMETER/ANGKUBAH

METODOLOGI KAJIAN

ANALISIS KAJIAN

DAPATAN KAJIAN

SUMBANGAN KAJIAN

(1)Mengenalpasti Pola Empangan

Puing Impak Daripada

Bencana Alam

Perubahan Lanskap Sistem

Saliran Kesan Gempa Bumi Ranau 2015

Status Ekosistem Sg.

Liwagu

Gunatanah dan Sosioekonomi

Persekitaran Sg. Liwagu

TopografiLembangan Saliran

Persekitaran Geologi

Iklim Tempatan(Taburan Hujan)

Hidrologi(Profil Sungai)

Gunatanah/Pemilikan Tanah

Sosioekonomi

(a) Topografi(b) Geologi(c) Landskap

PEMANTAUAN

Pola Empangan Puing Sg. Liwagu

PEMETAAN POLAEMPANGAN

PUING

(4)Pemetaan Pola & Pengkelasan

Empangan Puing Terhadap Ekosistem Sg. Liwagu

METODOLOGI MEMUDAHKAN PROSES

ANALISIS, PENGKELASAN & PEMETAAN TERHADAP

POLA DAN FUNGSI EMPANGAN

PUING

GEOMORFOLOGI

(a) Taburan Hujan(b) Tadahan Sungai(c) Alur Sungai

HIDROLOGI

(a) Sistem Tagal(b) Petempatan(c) Pertanian(d) Sumber Air

GUNATANAH/SOSIOEKONOMI

Inte

rpol

atio

n

Statistical AnalystSpatia

l Analyst

3D Analyst

Profil Survey

PERANAN

Fungsi Empangan Puing terhadap Pengimbangan

Ekosistem

INDEKS

Pembentukan Pengkelasan

Empangan Puing

GEOREFERENCE

Sistem Pemetaan Berujukan

Geografi bagi Empangan Puing

(2)Meniliti Fungsi

Empangan Puing Terhadap Ekosistem

Tadahan Sungai

(3)Mengaplikasi Geospatial

Dalam Menganalisis

Pola Empangan Puing

PENDEKATAN KUANTITATIF & TEKNOLOGI

ANALISISGEOSPATIAL

(ArcGIS)

Rajah 2: Rangka Kerja Metodologi Kajian Data Geospatial Terhadap Pemetaan Pola Pengkelasan Empangan Puing Sg. Liwagu, Ranau, Sabah

- ModelBuilder- Spatial Analyst- 3D Analyst- Multicriteria Analysis (MCA)

IMEJ SATELITIMEJ UAV

DATA KERJA

LAPANGAN

DATA ATRIBUT

DATA DIGITAL

SEDIA ADA

PETATOPOGRAFI

SUMBER DATA

GEOSPATIAL

PENJANAAN PETA

BERUJUKAN GEOGRAFI

(VEKTOR/RASTER MODEL)

PETA GEOSPATIAL

PERSEKITARAN KAWASAN KAJIANPOLA EMPANGAN

PUING

(a) Topografi(b) Geologi(c) Landskap

GEOMORFOLOGI

(a) Sistem Tagal(b) Petempatan(c) Pertanian(d) Sumber Air

GUNATANAH/SOSIOEKONOMI

(a) Taburan Hujan(b) Tadahan Sungai(c) Alur Sungai/Runoff

HIDROLOGI

ANALISIS GEOSPATIAL

PENGUMPULAN DATA

DATA ACQUISITION

INPUT DATA AND MANIPULASI

INPUT DATA & MANIPULATION

PENGESAHAN DAN DATA BERUJUKAN GEOGRAFI

GEOREFERENCING AND VALIDATION

PROSES ANALISIS DATA

DATA ANALYSIS PROCESS

Foto 1(a): Pembentukan

empangan secara mendadak

disebabkan runtuhan besar

(b): Empangan puing pecah

selepas hujan lebat

menutupi alur

(a)

(b)



Rujukan

Benda, L.E., Cundy, T.W., 1990. Predicting deposition of debris flows in mountain channels. Can.

Geotech. J. 27 (4): 409–417

De Smith, M., Goodchild, M.F., Longley, P.A., 2015. Geospatial Analysis: A comprehensive guide to

principles, techniques and software tools. 5th edition. John Wiley & Sons.

ESRI 2001-2015, ArcGIS Spatial Analyst: Advanced GIS Spatial Analysis Using Raster And Vector

Data, Redlands.

Lancaster, S. T, and Grant, G. E, 2006. Debris dams and the relief of headwater streams.

Geomorphology 82. Elsevier: 84–97

Marcus, W.A., Marston, R.A., Colvard Jr., C.R., Gray, R.D., 2002. Mapping the spatial and temporal

distributions of woody debris in streams of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA.

Geomorphology 44: 323–335.

O’Sullivan, D., Unwin, D., 2010. Geographic Information Analysis. John Wiley & Sons.

Prochaska, A. B., Santi, P. M., Higgins, J. D., 2008. Debris Basin and Deflection Berm Design for

Fire-Related Debris-Flow Mitigation. Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, Vol.

XIV, No. 4, The Geological Society of America: 297–313

Ramkumar, Mu., Kumaraswamy, K., Mohanraj, R., 2015 (eds). Environmental Management of River

Basin Ecosystems. Springer Earth Systems Sciences, Switzerland.

Smith, M.J, Paron, P. and Griffiths J.S., 2011. Geomorphological Mapping: Methods and Application.

Development in Earth Surface Processes, Vol. 15, No. Supply C. Elsevier.



A-23

KEKANGAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN TINDAKAN PENGURANGAN RISIKO

GEOBENCANA TANAH RUNTUH DI MALAYSIA

Che Siti Noor Che Mamat1*

& Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin2

1Institut Pembangunan dan Alam Sekitar (LESTARI)

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor

2Program Geologi, Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam,

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor

Corr. Author*: [email protected]

KATA KUNCI. Geobencana tanah runtuh, Pengurangan Risiko Bencana, Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan

ABSTRAK. Isu geobencana tanah runtuh, terutamanya pada cerun-cerun potongan bukit untuk tujuan

pembangunan di kawasan perbandaran merupakan masalah yang perlu ditangani segera. Mekanisme

pengurusan bencana di Malaysia masih lagi dalam fasa peralihan daripada tindakan responsif kepada

tindakan pencegahan sebelum suatu bencana itu berlaku. Geobencana tanah runtuh merupakan suatu

fenomena atau peristiwa geologi yang mampu mengancam nyawa dan harta benda serta

keseimbangan alam sekitar. Tanah runtuh merupakan peristiwa geologi semulajadi yang sering

diburukkan lagi oleh campurtangan manusia dan impaknya sukar untuk dipulihkan. Namun usaha

untuk menghindar atau meminimumkan impak dapat dilakukan melalui usaha pengurangan risiko

geobencana tanah runtuh. Kertas kerja ini disediakan bertujuan untuk melihat keupayaan Pihak

Berkuasa Tempatan (PBT) dalam melaksanakan tindakan pengurangan risiko geobencana tanah

runtuh di kawasan pembangunan bandar. Tiga Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan (PBT) dipilih sebagai kajian

kes iaitu Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur, Majlis Perbandaran Ampang Jaya dan Majlis Perbandaran

Kajang (Rajah 1) yang mewakili kawasan terdedah kepada geobencana tanah runtuh di Malaysia.

Dasar dan mekanisme pengurusan bencana dalam Arahan MKN No.20 telah menetapkan peranan dan

tanggungjawab mengikut tiga peringkat, iaitu peringkat nasional, negeri dan daerah (Che Moin,

2007). Proses pengurangan risiko bencana di peringkat awal tersirat di dalam aspek perancangan guna

tanah, kawalan pembangunan, pengekalan topografi dan kawalan alam sekitar fizikal oleh agensi-

agensi teknikal kerajaan. Bagaimanapun masih terdapat ruang untuk penambahbaikan. Antaranya

semakan semula Akta Penyiasatan Kajibumi 1974; penyediaan Garis Panduan Perancangan

Pembangunan Bukit dan Tanah Tinggi, 2009; penyediaan Pelan Induk Pengurusan Cerun, 2009;

penambahbaikan prosedur Penilaian Impak Alam Sekitar (EIA); dan terbaru projek Peta Bahaya dan

Risiko Cerun (PBRC). Bagaimanapun, dasar dan mekanisme ini seolah-olah tidak mampu

diterjemahkan sepenuhnya dalam bentuk implementasi oleh agensi pelaksana terdekat dengan

bencana iaitu PBT tanpa kerjasama dan kesungguhan banyak pihak, terutamanya pihak pemaju/

pemilik projek. Ini dapat dinilai daripada kekerapan kejadian tanah runtuh yang berlaku terutama di

kawasan-kawasan yang pesat membangun. Belum ada platform atau panduan pengurangan risiko

bencana yang spesifik di Malaysia buat masa ini (MKN, 2012). Perkara ini agak sukar kerana bukan

sekadar membabitkan aspek teknikal, malah ia bersifat lebih kompleks yang memerlukan perhatian




dan tindakan secara holistik daripada beberapa perspektif – dasar dan perancangan guna tanah untuk

kawasan perumahan, keupayaan mengurus dan memantau pihak berkuasa tempatan, keupayaan

teknikal dan etika pemaju dan kesedaran serta sikap pengguna (Komoo, 2009). Oleh itu, suatu

kajian terperinci perlu dijalankan bagi mengenalpasti kekangan dan faktor yang menghalang usaha di

peringkat PBT ke arah meminimumkan risiko geobencana tanah runtuh. Cadangan dan

penambahbaikan mekanisme yang bersesuaian dan instrumen sedia ada akan disediakan.

Kajian yang dilakukan ini akan mengenalpasti bentuk kekangan dan masalah yang wujud di peringkat

kerajaan tempatan melalui pendekatan kualitatif. Kutipan data secara kumpulan fokus dan temubual

separa berstruktur akan memastikan jawapan yang fleksibel dan mendalam. Hasil kajian awal

mendapati masih belum wujud suatu pelan tindakan yang khusus untuk dijadikan rujukan/garis

panduan/SOP di peringkat nasional dan daerah bagi membantu PBT-PBT untuk menangani isu

geobencana tanah runtuh. Jabatan Kerja Raya telah menyenaraikan 58 lokasi berisiko tanah runtuh di

kawasan perumahan di sekitar Kuala Lumpur dan Selangor (Sinar Harian, 2011) namun tiada

tindakan susulan yang dilakukan di peringkat pengurusan bencana negara sebaliknya PBT terlibat

menggunakan peruntukan dan pendekatan tersendiri mengikut kemampuan organisasi masing-

masing. Sebagai contoh, DBKL menjalankan kajian dan membangunkan system pengurusannya

sendiri yang dikenali sebagai “Kuala Lumpur Slope Information System” (KulSIS).

Antara kekangan dalam melaksanakan tindakan pengurangan risiko geobencana tanah runtuh ialah

masalah untuk mengintegrasi pengetahuan sains dan teknologi ke dalam tindakan menghindar dan

mengurangkan impak geobencana tanah runtuh. Faktor keupayaan dan kesungguhan politik di

peringkat pelaksana untuk mengurangi risiko geobencana tanah runtuh juga merupakan suatu

kekangan. Kurang kefahaman tentang risiko geobencana dan kesan tindakannya yang biasanya

mengambil masa yang panjang untuk kelihatan, menjadi salah satu penyebab aktiviti pengurangan

risiko geobencana tanah runtuh tidak diberi keutamaan (Silver, 2014). Yang pasti perubahan positif ke

arah usaha pengurangan risiko geobencana tanah runtuh telah ada namun perlu diperkemaskan lagi

supaya risiko bencana dapat diminimumkan ke tahap yang boleh diterima oleh semua pihak. Dengan

peruntukan sebanyak RM180 juta dalam bajet 2016 untuk memperkukuhkan pengurusan bencana

alam termasuk penubuhan Agensi Pengurusan Bencana Negara diharap dapat membawa satu

perubahan kepada sistem pengurusan risiko bencana tanah runtuh yang lebih berkesan.



Rajah 1: Kawasan kajian membabitkan kawasan Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur, Majlis

Perbandaran Ampang Jaya dan Majlis Perbandaran Kajang (Sumber: Laman Web Kerajaan Negeri

Selangor, 2015)

Rujukan

Anon. 2011. 58 lokasi risiko tanah runtuh: kajian dijalankan JKR di kawasan perumahan berbukit.

Sinar Harian , 8 Jun: 4

Ibrahim Komoo. 2009. 15 Nukilan Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan Untuk Pendidikan Awam. Bangi.

Penerbit Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (Lestari) UKM.

Che Moin. 2007. Disaster Mitigation Support and Management in Malaysia. Putrajaya. Penerbit

Malaysia Government Printing Press

Majlis Keselamatan Negara. 2012. National progress report on the implementation of the Hyogo

Framework for Action (2011-2013) - Interim

Silver, E. 2014. Priority, Capacity, Information: A three stage approach to implementing disaster risk

reduction and management at the local level. Laporan Ketiga Projek NOAH.



A-24

FLOOD MITIGATION MEASURES USING INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY DEMATEL

METHOD

Norzanah Abd Rahman*, Zamali Tarmudi, Munirah Rossdy, & Fatihah Anas Muhiddin

Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences (FSKM),

Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sabah,

Locked beg71,

88997 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.

ABSTRACT. Flood is a natural disaster induced by climate change that resulted in the losses of

lives, damages to property, and disrupts the daily activities of local community. Thus, the flood

mitigation measures are developed to reduce the impact of flood in our country. The aim of this paper

are; to propose IF-DEMATEL method and deal with the uncertainty of input data set of flood

mitigation measures, and to validate it using Sensitivity Analysis. Here, this method is used for flood

mitigation measures comprise drainage improvements, barriers, wet flood proofing, dry flood

proofing, elevation, relocation, and acquisition. A numerical example from the flood control project

selection proposed by Nurnadiah Zamri et al., (2013) was adopted to show the applicability of the

proposed method. The result shows that the flood mitigation measures are placed based on their

priority. Although the rank of flood mitigation measures is sensitive to changes based on the weight of

criteria but the best measures is remain unchanged.

KEYWORDS. Flood mitigation measures, Intuitionistic Fuzzy DEMATEL method, Sensitivity

Analysis



A-25

STAKEHOLDERS’ RESPONSE AND PERSPECTIVES ON FLOOD DISASTER IN

PAHANG RIVER BASIN Md Pauzi Abdullah

1*, Rahmah Elfithri

1, Syafinaz Salleh

1, Mazlin bin Mokhtar

1, Mohd Ekhwan

Toriman3, Ahmad Fuad Embi

4, Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud

4, Maimon Abdullah

2, Lee Yook

Heng2, Syamimi Halimshah

1, Maizura Maizan

2, Nurlina Mohamad Ramzan

1

1Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), 2Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), 3Faculty of Social and Humanities (FSSK),

4Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FKAB), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT. The Pahang river basin is the largest river basin in the Pahang State, with total

catchment area covering 29300km2. Floods of Pahang river basin have become an annual natural

disaster event where all the stakeholders have their own responsibility and parts to take care of. This

study has focused on stakeholders’ response and perspectives on flood disaster of Pahang river basin.

The methodology used in this study involved the stakeholders’ consultation workshop. As the

workshop to be conducted, stakeholders from three different districts which are Jerantut, Temerloh

and Pekan were gathered at a banquet room of Hotel Darul Makmur, Jerantut. This workshop has

revealed the response and perspectives based on important parts of each stakeholder to face the flood

event that occurred in Pahang river basin. Besides, the issues aroused from this workshop have

shown the stakeholders’ response and their perspectives on how to reduce the impacts of flood

disaster on Pahang river basin. According to the workshop, the factors contribute to flood event are

from two factors which are the heavy rainfall and the arising of water level. The causes of these two

factors are the reason that we need to involve all aspects in order to reduce the impact of flood

disaster. The aspects are to identify the usual problems to arise during flood event, to improvise the

operating systems such as flood forecasting systems, telemetric systems and hydrology system, the

plans of each stakeholder on how to cooperate and reduce the impact as one team, to provide the

proper flood maps at the study level and to review and verify what are the communities’ complaints

and perspectives as they also one of the victims. This study had discussed the proposed actions need

to be taken by according the stakeholders’ response and perspectives. There are the overflow of river

water had caused by the low absorption of rainfall from forest which due to deforestation and

loggings. The high water level also caused by the high sedimentations which contributed by these

activities. The law enforcement with more stringent need to be done on these matters. Besides, the

usual problems arise during flood need to be solved as the provision given is higher and the operating

systems need to be improvised and added as these approaches can help in reducing the impact of

flood events. The flood maps should be provided at study level to identify and produce a valuable case

study. Stakeholders’ consultations and involvement are the keys to improvise the weakness on how to

cope with the floods event. The proposal and implementations of the development need should be

done by involving the stakeholders’ response and perspectives in any disaster.

KEYWORDS. Pahang river basin, stakeholders, catchment area, flood disaster, site visits, interviews




A-26

DAYA KEKENTALAN PENDUDUK DI SEPANJANG SUNGAI PAHANG DAN SUNGAI

SEMANTAN TERHADAP BANJIR 2014: SATU KES KAJIAN DI TEMERLOH, PAHANG

Farhah Izzati*, Shaharudin Idrus, Shaharuddin Mohamad Ismail

Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

*Emel: [email protected]

ABSTRAK

Pengenalan

Angin monsun Timur Laut bermula pada bulan November sehingga Mac dan melanda negeri-negeri

pantai timur Semenanjung Malaysia. Tiupan angin ini menghasilkan purata jumlah hujan yang banyak

dan menyumbang kepada kejadian banjir. Pahang merupakan antara negeri yang terjejas teruk akibat

banjir besar yang berlaku pada penghujung tahun 2014. Daerah Temerloh mengalami impak yang

besar akibat banjir kali ini memandangkan kedudukannya yang terletak di antara Sungai Pahang dan

Sungai Semantan yang ditenggelami air. Kejadian ini mencetuskan daya kekentalan sosial penduduk

setempat dalam menghadapi banjir besar ini.

Objektif

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan mengenal pasti daya kekentalan sosial penduduk di

sepanjang Sungai Pahang dan Sungai Semantan terhadap banjir yang berlaku pada penghujung tahun

2014.

Kaedah

Pendekatan kuantitatif berdasarkan soal selidik telah digunakan untuk mengenalpasti latar belakang

serta pengalaman dan pengetahuan mangsa banjir di Temerloh seramai 202 orang untuk melihat daya

kekentalan sosial mereka. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Perisian SPSS Versi 20.

Hasil dapatan

Hasil dapatan yang diperolehi menunjukkan seramai 22,865 orang mangsa banjir dari 5,978 buah

keluarga di Temerloh. 70% daripada komuniti Temerloh pernah mengalami banjir sebelum ini.

Sebanyak 93.5% responden yang mengalami satu kali banjir dalam tempoh setahun. Seramai 164

orang (81.2%) mangsa yang berpindah semasa banjir berlaku dan hanya 75.7% daripada mangsa

banjir yang mengambil keputusan serta merta untuk berpindah. Majoriti penduduk menerima bantuan

ketika banjir dengan peratusan sebanyak 96.8%. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat 4 orang mangsa yang

mengalami kematian ahli keluarga ketika itu manakala 6 orang komuniti mereka mengalami kematian

ahli keluarga mereka. Kesan daripada kejadian banjir 2014 ini, sebanyak 44.6% daripada mangsa

yang mengambil masa tempoh antara satu hingga enam bulan untuk pulih. Walaupun kejadian banjir

kali ini mencatatkan rekod terburuk banjir yang pernah mereka alami, namun 87.6% penduduk masih

merancang untuk tetap tinggal di rumah mereka sendiri.

Kesimpulan

Peristiwa bencana banjir yang berlaku hampir setiap tahun di negeri Pahang akan memberikan impak

kepada keadaan sosial penduduk yang tinggal di sepanjang tebing sungai. Kajian ini adalah penting

agar dapat mempersiapkan mereka dengan lebih baik dalam menghadapi bencana banjir pada masa

akan datang.

KATA KUNCI. Banjir, Temerloh, daya kekentalan, Sungai Pahang, Sungai Semantan




A-27

PENGURUSAN RISIKO GELINCIRAN TANAH: CADANGAN PENDEKATAN BAHARU

DI MALAYSIA

Rodeano Roslee 1* & Tajul Anuar Jamaludin

2

1 Fakulti Sains & Sumber Alam, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400


2 Fakulti Sains & Teknologi,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM

Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


KATA KUNCI: Pengurusan Risiko Gelinciran Tanah (LRM); Penilaian Multi Kriteria (MCE);

Sabah; Malaysia.

ABSTRACT. Pengurusan Risiko Gelinciran Tanah (LRM) merupakan sesuatu yang baharu dan

masih kurang diberi perhatian oleh golongan geosaintis dan pihak-pihak berkepentingan dalam

menangani isu geobencana gelinciran tanah di Malaysia. Objektif utama kertas kerja ini adalah untuk

memperkenalkan sebuah model LRM yang praktikal dan komprehensif bagi keperluan tempatan

khasnya di Malaysia. Bagi mencapai objektif ini, pertama sebuah pangkalan data telah dibangunkan

melalui kajian literatur, inventori gelinciran tanah, kerja lapangan dan kerja makmal. Kedua,

Pentaksiran Bahaya Gelinciran Tanah (LHAs) yang melibatkan Pengenalpastian Bahaya Gelinciran

Tanah (LHI) dan Analisis Bahaya Gelinciran Tanah (LHAn). Ketiga, Pengenalpastian Elemen

Berisiko Gelinciran Tanah (LREI) (Populasi dan Nilai Harta Benda) dan Pentaksiran

Kemudahterancaman Gelinciran Tanah (LVAs) (Fizikal, Sosial dan Persekitaran). Keempat,

Penganggaran Risiko Gelinciran Tanah (LREt). Kelima, Penilaian Risiko Gelinciran Tanah (LREv)

dijalankan berdasarkan lengkung F-N (Rajah 1) dan gambarajah Segitiga Penilaian Risiko (RET)

(Rajah 2) yang telah direkabentuk untuk menentukan Indeks Toleransi Risiko (RTI). Akhir sekali,

keenam, menentukan kaedah Perawatan Risiko Gelinciran Tanah (LRT) yang sesuai sama ada

pendekatan struktur atau bukan struktur. LHAn pada dasarnya melibatkan lima model utama iaitu: a)

Pemetaan geomorfologi; b) Analisis inventori; c) Kaedah heuristik; d) Permodelan statistik; dan e)

Kaedah geoteknik (Carrara et al. 1995; Van Westen et al. 1997; Guzzetti et al 1999) (Jad. 1). Kajian

literatur (misalnya di Kota Kinabalu, Sabah) menunjukkan kepelbagaian hasil LHAn dan validasi

seperti Penilaian Multi-Kriteria (MCE) (Rodeano et al. 2010a; 2010b; 2011c; 2011e), Analisis

Berketentuan-Cerun Tak Terhingga (DESSISM) (Rodeano et al. 2011d), Teknik Interpolasi

Geostatistik-Kriging (GEOSTAINT-K) (Rodeano et al. 2012a) dan Model Analisis Faktor (FAM)

(Rodeano et al. 2012b). Kajian LREI dan LVAs turut dijalankan di kawasan yang sama oleh Rodeano

et al. (2011b; 2012c; 2015). Penyelidikan LREt dan LREV pula telah diterbitkan oleh Rodeano et al.

(2010a; 2011a) dan Rodeano (2015). Hasil kajian mendapati kawasan-kawasan dalam Darjah Bahaya

Gelinciran Tanah (LHD) yang tinggi turut mempunyai Darjah Risiko Gelinciran Tanah (LRD) yang

tinggi, dan begitu juga sebaliknya. Dalam konteks kaedah pemilihan LRT, hasil pengelasan RTI

(Rajah 2) dan Jadual Matriks Pemilihan LRT (Jad. 2) menunjukkan kawasan-kawasan yang berisiko

sangat rendah hingga ke sederhana boleh diterima, diubahsuai, dikurangkan kesan dan dipantau.

Kawasan-kawasan yang berisiko tinggi hingga ke sangat tinggi pula lebih sesuai untuk dipantau,

ditangguhkan, diabaikan dan dipindahkan (Rodeano 2015). Kertas kerja ini mencadangkan bahawa

model LRM melibatkan prosedur takrifan skop, LHI, LHAs, LREI, LVAs, LREt, LREv, LRT serta

pemantauan dan sorotan (sekiranya perlu) (Rajah 3). Model LRM ini sesuai digunakan untuk

perancangan pembangunan, pemilihan kesesuaian jenis guna tanah, mengawal dan mengurus

bahaya/risiko gelinciran tanah di kawasan kajian serta berpotensi untuk diperluaskan dengan latar

belakang persekitaran yang berbeza.




Rujukan

1. Carrara, A., Cardinali, M., Guzzetti, F. & Reichenbach, P. 1995. GIS technology in mapping landslide

hazard. Geographical information systems in assessing natural hazards. Kluwer Academic Publishers,

Dordrecht. The Netherlands: 135-175.

2. Committee on the Review of the National Landslide Hazards Mitigation Strategy. 2004. Partnerships for

reducing landslide risk. Assessment of the National landslide hazards mitigation strategy. Board on Earth

Sciences and Resources, Division on earth and life studies. The National Academic Press. Washington,

D.C. 143 hlm.

3. Guzzetti, F., Carrara, A., Cardinali, M. & Reichenbach, P. 1999. Landslide hazard evaluation: a review of

current techniques and their application in a multi-scale study, Central Italy. Geomorphology 31(1-4): 181-

216.

4. Rodeano Roslee, 2015. Model Development of Landslide Risk Management: Case study from Kota

Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. PhD Thesis. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Un-Published.

5. Rodeano Roslee, Mustapa Abd. Talip & Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin, 2010a. Landslide Management Using

Geospatial Technology (LMGT): Case Study for Kota Kinabalu area, Sabah, Malaysia. Proc. of the 4th

National GIS Conference and Exhibition (NGIS 2010). 28-29th June 2010, Pusat Konvensyen

Antarabangsa Putrajaya (PICC), Presint 5, Putrajaya, Malaysia. Versi salinan CD.

6. Rodeano Roslee, Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin, Sanudin Tahir & Mustapa Abd. Talip. 2010b. GIS Application

for Comprehensive Spatial Landslide Hazard Analysis (LHA) in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Proc. of

the 3rd Southeast Asian Natural Resources and environmental Management Conference (SANREM 2010).

03-05th August 2010, Promenade Hotel, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. hlm. 177-190.

7. Rodeano, R., Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin & Mustapa Abd. Talip. 2011a. Aplikasi GIS dalam Penaksiran

Risiko Gelinciran Tanah (LRA): Kajian Kes bagi kawasan sekitar Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu, Sabah,

Malaysia. ISSN 0126-6187. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 57: 69-83.

8. Rodeano, R., Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin, Mustapa Abd. Talip & Suriani Hassan, 2011b. Landslide Hazard

Factor (LHF) by community perception survey in developing country: A case study from Kota Kinabalu,

Sabah, Malaysia. ISSN 1394-4339. Borneo Science 29: 32-45.

9. Rodeano, R., Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin, Mustapa Abd. Talip, James A. Collin & Budirman Rudding. 2011c.

Integrated geospatial technology on landslide susceptibility analysis in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

Proc. of the 3rd National Conference on Geographical Information, Technology and Application: Map

Malaysia 2011. 05-06th April 2011, Sutera Harbour Magellan Resort, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

http://www.mapmalaysia.org/2011/proceeding/disaster.htm [24 July 2011].

10. Rodeano, R., Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin, Mustapa Abd. Talip, James A. Collin & Budirman Rudding. 2011d.

An approach towards deterministic landslide susceptibility analysis (LSA) in GIS : A case study from Kota

Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Proc. of the 10th International Symposium & Exhibition on Geoinformation

(ISG 2011) & ISPRS Commission II/5 & II/7 Conference. Sept. 27 – 29, 2011, Shah Alam Convention

Centre, Selangor, Malaysia. Versi salinan CD.

11. Rodeano, R., Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin, Mustapa Abd. Talip, Ismail Abd. Rahim, James A. Collin &

Budirman Rudding, 2011e. Aplikasi Proses Analitikal Hirarki (Analytical Hierarchy Process) (AHP) bagi

analisis risiko gelinciran tanah (LRA) di kawasan Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Abst. of the National

Geoscience Conference 2011. 11th – 12th June 2011. The Puteri Pacific Johor Bahru, Malaysia. hlm. 42.

12. Rodeano, R., Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin & Mustapa Abd. Talip, 2012a. Intergration of GIS using

GEOSTAtistical Interpolation Techniques (Kriging) (GEOSTAINT-K) in deterministic model for

landslide susceptibility analysis (LSA) at Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. ISSN 1916-9787. Journal of

Geography and Geology 4 (1): 18-32.

13. Rodeano, R., Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin & Mustapa Abd. Talip, 2012b. Landslide susceptibility mapping

(LSM) at Kota Kinabalu, Sabah using factor analysis model (FAM). ISSN 2231-8844. Journal Advanced

Science and Engineering Research 2: 80-103.

14. Rodeano, R., & Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin. 2012c. Kemudahterancaman Bencana Gelinciran Tanah (LHV):

Sorotan Literatur dan Cadangan Pendekatan baru untuk Pengurusan Risiko Gelinciran Tanah di Malaysia.

ISSN 0126-6187. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia 58: 75-88.

15. Rodeano Roslee, Tajul Anuar Jamaludin & Norbert Simon. Landslide Vulnerability Assessment (LVAs):

Case study from Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. 2015. Prof. of the 2nd International Conference and The

1st Joint Conference Faculty of Conference Geology, Universitas Padjadjaran with Faculty of Science and

Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. 29th – 30th September 2015. The Luxton Hotel, Bandung,

Indonesia. Pp: 87-94.

16. van Westen, C.J., Rengers, N., Terlien, M.T.J. & Soeters, R. 1997. Prediction of the occurrence of slope

instability phenomena through GIS-based hazard zonation. Geologische Rundschau 86(2): 404-414.

http://www.mapmalaysia.org/2011/proceeding/disaster.htm%20%5b24



Jadual 1 Pencirian kaedah kemudahrentanan gelinciran tanah yang dicadangkan di dalam literatur (van Westen

et al. 1997)

Secara

langsung

Secara tidak

langsung Kualitatif Kuantitatif

Pemetaan geomorfologi √ √

Kaedah heuristik √ √

Pemetaan inventori √ √

Permodelan statistik √ √

Kaedah geoteknik √ √

Sumber: van Westen et al. 1997

Jadual 2 Matriks pemilihan kategori kaedah Perawatan Risiko Gelinciran Tanah (LRT) berdasarkan Analisis

Bahaya Gelinciran Tanah (LHAn) dan Penganggaran Risiko Gelinciran Tanah (LREt) (Rodeano

2015)

Da

rja

h B

ah

ay

a

Darjah Risiko

Ka

tego

ri

Sangat

Rendah Rendah Sederhana Tinggi

Sangat

Tinggi

Sangat Rendah I I II III III

Rendah I II II III III

Sederhana II II III III IV

Tinggi III III III IV IV

Sangat Tinggi III III IV IV V

Rajah 1 Kriteria risiko masyarakat untuk gelinciran

tanah di kawasan Kota Kinabalu (Rodeano

2015)

Rajah 2 Rajah Segitiga Penilaian Risiko (RET)

untuk menilai tahap Indeks Toleransi

Risiko (RTI) berdasarkan maklumat

anggaran kematian (Rodeano, 2015)



Rajah 3 Cadangan model kerangka kerja penyelidikan Pengurusan Risiko Gelinciran Tanah (LRM)

bagi kawasan Kota Kinabalu, Sabah (Rodeano 2015)



A-28

ASSESSING WATER QUALITY INDEX IN RIVER BASIN : FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM

APPROACH

1 Herman Umbau Lindang*,

2 Zamali Hj Tarmudi,

3 Ajimi Jawan

1,3 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA Sabah, Locked Bag 71, 88997 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

2 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA Sabah, Locked Bag 71, 88997 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

1 Corresponding Author : email: [email protected]

Tel.: 60013-8362140, Fax: 6088-325164

ABSTRACT. Water Quality Index is an important water assessment that sustain and conserve the

aquatic ecosystem. In Malaysia, the current classification practice on Department of Environmental

Water Quality Index (DOE WQI) shows rigid value in term of assessing the input of parameters that

close to a class boundary. Hence, this study proposed a technique to assess the parameters in a

holistic manner by using the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS). The approach as an assessment tool

represents the classes of various range and aggregating the parameters using membership function

and Centroid Function respectively. A numerical example based on actual data from Inanam Likas

River Basin was adapted to demonstrate the proposed approach. It shows that FIS is able to assess

the parameters and execute into a single index that represent the condition from poor to excellent

scales of the water quality.

KEYWORDS. Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), Water Quality Assessment, River Basin




A-29

PENILAIAN PSIKOMETRIK PERITRAUMATIC DISTRESS INVENTORY (PDI) DAN

PERITRAUMATIC DISSOCIATIVE EXPERIENCES QUESTIONNAIRE (PDEQ) DALAM

KALANGAN SAMPEL MANGSA BANJIR DI KUCHING, SARAWAK

Adeymend Reny Japil1*

, Ferlis Bullare @ Bahari1, Rosnah Ismail

2, Mohd Dahlan A. Malek

1,

Jasmine Adela Mutang1, Lailawati Madlan @ Endalan

1 & Fattin Navilla Abdul Ghani

1

1Unit Penyelidikan Psikologi dan Kesihatan Sosial, Fakulti Psikologi dan Pendidikan,

Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400


2Pusat Pengajian Pembangunan Insan dan Teknokomunikasi

Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kampus Kubang Gajah, 02600

Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

*[email protected]

ABSTRAK. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai psikometrik Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI;

Brunet, Weiss, Metzler ) dan Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ; Marmar,

Weiss dan Metzler, 1997). PDI dan PDEQ merupakan soal selidik laporan kendiri yang mengukur

pengalaman stres ‘traumatik’ semasa dan sejurus selepas beberapa minit atau jam berlakunya

peristiwa traumatik. Kedua-dua instrumen ini telah digunakan dalam mengukur pengalaman trauma

dalam kalangan individu-individu yang terdedah kepada bencana atau serangan pengganas (van der

Velden, Christiaanse, Gersons, Marcelissen, Drogendijk, Grievink, Olff dan Meewisse, 2006; Simeon,

Greenberg, Knutelska, Schmeidler dan Hollander, 2003; Briere, Scott dan Weathers, 2005). Penilaian

psikometrik diuji dari segi kebolehpercayaan dan kesahan kedua-dua alat kajian. Menurut Johnson

dan Marlow (2006), instrumen yang memiliki ukuran kebolehpercayaan dan kesahan yang tinggi

menyumbang kepada pelaksanaan kualiti kajian yang baik. Menurut Anastasi (1982),

kebolehpercayaan didefinisikan sebagai sebagai ketekalan skor daripada individu yang sama apabila

diberi ujian yang sama pada masa berlainan. Manakala Kerlinger (1973) pula menyatakan

kebolehpercayaan merujuk kepada ketekalan, kestabilan dan ketepatan skor-skor yang dihasilkan

dalam satu-satu ujian atau satu-satu siri ujian. Kesahan pula membawa maksud sejauhmana sesuatu

instrumen itu berkeupayaan untuk mengukur apa yang sepatutnya hendak diukur. Kebolehpercayaan

ketekalan dalaman dilihat pada alfa Cronbach, manakala kesahan dilihat pada kesahan konvergen,

dan kesahan diskriminan. Selain itu, kualiti item bagi kedua-dua skala juga diuji. Bagi menilai aspek

psikometrik kedua-dua instrumen ini, seramai 116 mangsa banjir dari Daerah Kuching dan Daerah

Kecil Siburan, Bahagian Kuching, Sarawak terlibat sebagai responden kajian. Kedua-dua daerah ini

merupakan kawasan-kawasan yang dilanda banjir pada penghujung tahun 2014 dan awal tahun 2015

(Majlis Keselamatan Negara, 2015; Pejabat Daerah Kuching, 2015; Pejabat Daerah Kecil Siburan,

2015). Hasil analisis menunjukkan kedua-dua PDI dan PDEQ mempunyai tahap kebolehpercayaan

ketekalan dalaman yang baik iaitu masing-masing α = .83 dan α = .90 (Jadual 1). Dapatan juga

menunjukkan PDI berhubungan positif dan signifikan dengan PDEQ dan berhubungan secara negatif

dan signifikan dengan Cantril’s Ladder of Life (CLL). Dapatan ini menunjukkan kedua-dua alat

kajian PDI dan PDEQ berada pada tahap yang baik. Oleh itu, kedua-dua instrumen ini terbukti sesuai

digunakan dalam konteks mangsa banjir di Malaysia khususnya di Bahagian Kuching, Sarawak.

mailto:*[email protected]



KATA KUNCI: Penilaian Psikometrik, Peritraumatic Distress Inventory, Peritraumatic Dissociative

Experiences Questionnaire, Mangsa Banjir

Jadual 1. Pekali Alfa Cronbach PDI dan PDEQ

Skala Pekali Alfa Cronbach

PDI .825

PDEQ .902

Nota: PDI-Peritraumatic Distress Inventory; PDEQ-

Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire

Jadual 2. Korelasi di antara PDI, PDEQ dan CLL

Skala Min SP 1 2 3

1. PDI 19.8534 9.39311 -

2. PDEQ 19.4052 9.04095 .598** -

3. CLL 2.86 1.808 -.329** -.436** -

**. k < 0.01

Nota: PDI-Peritraumatic Distress Inventory; PDEQ-Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire;

CLL-Cantril Ladder of Life

Jadual 3. Statistik item bagi Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI) dan Peritraumatic

Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ)

Item PDI PDEQ

Min SP Korelasi Item

Keseluruhan

Min SP Korelasi Item

Keseluruhan

1 2.11 1.672 .487 2.12 1.307 .580

2 2.53 1.302 .605 1.97 1.198 .524

3 2.19 1.420 .510 2.00 1.312 .639

4 2.46 1.360 .489 1.72 1.133 .603

5 .84 1.139 .525 1.87 1.248 .747

6 .59 1.013 .507 1.62 1.027 .646

7 2.72 1.193 .328 2.29 1.364 .793

8 .98 1.209 .486 1.85 1.203 .661

9 1.01 1.367 .346 1.76 1.132 .543

10 1.95 1.401 .516 2.20 1.416 .821

11 1.63 1.424 .479

12 .45 .936 .480

13 .39 .852 .382

Item-item PDI menggunakan skala Likert 5 titik antara 0 (Tidak benar sama sekali) hingga 4 (Sangat benar

sekali) dan PDEQ menggunakan skala Likert 5 titik antara 1 (Tidak benar sama sekali) hingga 5 (Sangat benar

sekali).

Penghargaan

Kajian ini dibiayai oleh Skim Geran Penyelidikan Fundamental (FRG0408-SS-1/2015) di bawah

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM).

Rujukan



Briere, J., Scott, C. & Weathers, F. (2005). Peritraumatic and persistent dissociation in the presumed

etiology of PTSD, Am J Psychiatry, 162: 2295-2301.

Brunet, A., Weiss, D. S. & Metzler, T. J., Best, S. R., Neylan, T. C., Rogers, C., Fagan, J. & Marmar,

C. R. (2001). The peritraumatic distress inventory: A proposed measure of PTSD Criterion

A2, Am J Psychiatry, 158: 1480-1485.

Johnson, S. & Marlow, N. (2006). Developmental screen or developmental testing? Early Human

Development, 82: 173-183.

Majlis Keselamatan Negara (2015). Statistik Mangsa Bencana Banjir.

Marmar, C. R., Weiss, D. S., & Metzler, T. J. (1997). The peritraumatic dissociative experiences

questionnaire. In Wilson, J. P. & Keane, T. M. (Eds), Assessing Psychological Trauma and

PTSD: A Handbook for Practitioners (pp 412-428). New York: Guilford Press.

Pejabat Daerah Kecil Siburan (2015). Statistik Mangsa Bencana Banjir.

Pejabat Daerah Kuching (2015). Statistik Mangsa Bencana Banjir.

Simeon, D., Greenberg, J., Knutelska, M., Schmeidler, J. dan Hollander, E. (2003). Peritraumatic

reactions associated with the World Trade Center Disaster, Am J Psychiatry, 160: 1702-1705

Van der Velden, P. G., Kleber, R. J., Christiaanse, B., Gersons, B. P. R., Marcelissen, F. G. H.,

Drogendijk, A. N., Grievink, L., Olff, M. & Meewisse, M. L. (2006). The independent

predictive value of peritraumatic dissociation for postdisaster intrusions, avoidance

reactions, and PTSD symptom severity: A 4-year prospective study, Journal of Traumatic

Stress, 19 (4): 493-506.



A-30

CHARACTERIZATION OF POST EARTHQUAKE INDUCED DEBRIS FLOW USING

AIRBORNE LiDAR DATA

Florence Yuen Sook Kuan*1, Khamarrul Azahari Razak

1,2, Habibah Hanan Mat Yusoff

1,

Zakaria Mohamad3, Razain Abd Razab

4,

1UTM RAZAK School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Jalan

Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Tel: +6019-3649495; Fax: +603-26934844;

[email protected] 2Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Center, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 3Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention and Research Initiative (SEADPRI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor 4 BUMITOUCHplmc Sdn. Bhd., Suite 21, Level 21, Tower Block, Bangunan PERKIM, Jalan Ipoh, Kuala

Lumpur,

KEYWORDS. Airborne LiDAR, landslides, and debris flow channel.

ABSTRACT. A debris flow occurred in Sungai Mesilau, Ranau, Sabah on 15 June 2015, after the

earthquakes and tremors, which started on 5 June 2015. A quantitative assessment of debris flow

processes and activities is very difficult with conventional spatial data such as contour derived from

topography map, aerial photography and passive remote sensing data. Field mapping has limitation in

term of data coverage and scale of investigation. Therefore, new and modern geospatial data is needed

to provide better characterization and understanding of the processes and activities of debris flow.

The objective of this research is to characterize debris flow post assessment event using high density

airborne LiDAR data, which was captured after the debris flow event. LiDAR-derived datasets were

generated to visually analyze geological and geomorphological features such as faults and landslides.

Cross-sections of the river profile were generated at the selected locations to observe the source zone,

transportation zone and accumulation zone of the debris flow. It provides a better clue of earth surface

processes at upstream and downslope zones.

As a result of profile analysis, airborne LiDAR-derived digital terrain model (DTM) indicated that the

shape of the channel changes from V-shaped at the source to U-shaped at the accumulation zone. The

elevation of the channel bottom is also decreasing from 1,870 m above mean sea level at the source to

580 m at the accumulation zone. Based on the physical characterization of debris flow from LiDAR

data analysis, Sg. Mesilau is a deeply-incised river because of the steepness of the channel at the

source and meandering river due to the existence of active floodplain at the accumulation zone.

Several LiDAR-derived geomorphological-, geological-, hydro-topographic and anthropogenic causal

factor maps were systematically produced and analyzed. The cross section generated from 25 cm

airborne LiDAR derived digital surface model (DSM) shows the detailed representation of land-use-

land-cover of the debris flow and its vicinity area.

The result of the interpreted geological structures revealed that the faults are oriented in

approximately three main directions: NE-SW, NW-SE and E-W. Based on the geology map of Ranau

area produced by Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia, Mensaban Fault is mapped cutting

at Sg. Mesilau. Remarkably, more than 100 landslides were detected from the high density LiDAR




data along a 1 km buffer of the debris flow channel. These observations of debris flow post event

assessment show the ability of high resolution LiDAR images to deliver accurate assessment for

disaster mitigation actions in a tectonically active region in Malaysia.

Figure 1: Map of LiDAR-derived DTM of Debris Flow



Figure 2: Map of LiDAR-derived DSM of Debris Flow



A-31

INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR AIDING DECISION MAKING PROCESS FOR BETTER

FLOOD DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT: A CASE OF PAHANG RIVER BASIN

Mohd Syukri Zainuddin, **Lee Yook Heng, Nurul Afsar, Mohammad Imam Hasan Reza,

Er Ah Choy, Noraini Fakhira Abdullah, Pauzi Abdullah, Rahmah Elfithri,

Mohamad Raihan Taha

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

43600, Bangi, SELANGOR

**Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT. Standing between developed and developing countries, Malaysia has disaster

management policy with a conventional implementation capacity but it lacks on integration of policies

and mechanisms in disaster risk reduction. Thus, developing an approach for integrating various

aspects related to flood disasters in order to reduce potential threat and risks for future is important.

There is some efforts put forward to reduce flood disaster risks in Malaysia, however a

comprehensive approach to develop a decision support system for managing disasters related to

flood/flash flood, which integrates all possible aspects is still to be considered. This study aims to

develop an integrated approach (decision supporting system, DSS model) for long-term and robust

inclusive disaster management initiative based on a study on the Pahang River Basin. It looks into a

decision integrating approach to deal with flood disaster and investigates how the population is

affected by floods in the three districts of Temerloh, Kuantan and Pekan. The prime objective is to

investigate the current practices in flood disaster risk management in the Pahang River Basin and

later to integrate multi-dimensional information in a single platform in order to visualize the trends

and facts for supporting flood disaster management decisions. The expected outcome would be an

integrated approach to incorporate scientific approach, socio-economic approach and policy

involvement for reducing the disasters risk. The findings provide support for the policy designers for a

comprehensive system thinking in decision support system (DSS).The model on flood disaster

management decision making established will also have potential use for future flood events. Thus, it

is expected that such a model can be applied to other river basins in Malaysia and also in the regions

of Southeast Asia.



Pembentangan Poster

No. Poster Penyampai Tajuk

P-01 Asong Joseph, Mohd Dahlan A.

Malek, Ferlis Bullare @ Bahari &

Ida Shafinaz Mohamed Kamil

Kemurungan dan Daya Tindak Mangsa Banjir:

Kajian di Manik Urai, Kelantan

P-02 Christie Binti Dauni, Mohd Dahlan

A. Malek, Ferlis bin Bullare @

Bahari, Ida Shafinaz Mohamed

Kamil & Agnes Sombuling

Stres Dan Kesejahteraan Psikologi Anggota

Bomba dalam Pengurusan Bencana di Malaysia

P-03 Allya Cassandra Alim, Ferlis

Bullare @ Bahari, Mohd. Dahlan A.

Malek, Jasmine Adela Mutang,

Lailawati Madlan & Wan Anor

Sulaiman

Pengalaman Trauma dan Daya Tindak Dalam

Kalangan Malim Gunung Semasa Bencana

Gempa Bumi di Sabah

P-04 Nur Fadzlina Aini M.Lehan,

Khamarrul Azahari Razak, Rabieatul

Abu Bakar, Zakaria Mohamad

Geospatial-Derived Disaster Area Business

Continuity Planning: Case Study in

Kundasang, Sabah

P-05 Syed Omar, Zainab Mohamed &

Khamarrul Azahari Razak

Geoengineering Interpretation of the

Kundasang Ground Assessment

P-06 Rahmah Elfithri, Syamimi

Halimshah, Md Pauzi Abdullah,

Mazlin Mokhtar, Mohd Ekhwan

Toriman, Ahmad Fuad Embi,

Maimon Abdullah, Lee Yook Heng,

Khairul Nizam Ahmad Maulud,

Syafinaz Salleh, Maizurah Maizan &

Nurlina Mohamad Ramzan

Pahang Flood Disaster : The Potential Flood

Drivers

P-07 Norashikin Samsuri, Joy Periera &

Tanot Unjah

Kerangka Penilaian Keberkesanan Pendekatan

Banjir Bukan Berstruktur: Kajian Kes

Seremban

P-08 Chamhuri Siwar, Nurul Ashikin

Alias, Nor Diana Mohd Idris

Vulnerability and Socioeconomic Impacts of

Flooding in Pahang River Basin

P-09 Mohd Asraff Asmadi, Nurliyana

Izzati Ishak1 Muhammad Zulkarnain

Abdul Rahman & Khamarrul Azahari

Razak

Mapping and Characterization of Complex

Landslides: Multi-Scale LiDAR Approach

P-10 Nurliyana Izzati binti Ishak, Mohd

Asraff bin Asmadi, Muhammad

Zulkarnain bin Abdul Rahman &

Khamarrul Azahari Razak

Extracting Vegetation Anomalies Induced By

Landslide

P-11 Afrida Sri Rahayu Karim & Baba

Musta

Ciri-ciri Fizikal Tanah Formasi Garinono dan

Kesannya Terhadap Kejadian Pergerakan Jisim

P-12 Norasikin Hassan, Izrahayu Che

Hashim & Che Siti Noor Che Mamat

Kesediaan Awam Terhadap Bencana di

Malaysia: Peranan Media Sosial dan

Penglibatan Masyarakat

P-13 Hennie Fitria Wulandary Soehady

Erfen & Baba Musta

Kajian Simulasi Gegaran Gempa Bumi keatas

Kekuatan Batuan di Kawasan Ranau-

Kundasang, Sabah



P-01

KEMURUNGAN DAN DAYA TINDAK MANGSA BANJIR: KAJIAN DI MANIK URAI,

KELANTAN

Asong Joseph1, Mohd Dahlan A. Malek

2, Ferlis Bullare @ Bahari

3 & Ida Shafinaz Mohamed

Kamil4

1234 Fakulti Psikologi dan Pendidikan, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS 88400

Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

KATA KUNCI. Kemurungan, Daya Tindak, Mangsa Banjir dan Kelantan

ABSTRAK. Banjir merupakan bencana alam yang diberi perhatian kerana ia mampu mewujudkan

pelbagai kerosakan harta benda dan mengancam kehidupan serta ekonomi negara khususnya

penduduk yang terlibat. Menurut Majlis Keselamatan Negara (2012), bencana merupakan suatu

kejadian yang menyebabkan gangguan kepada aktiviti masyarakat dan urusan Negara, melibatkan

kehilangan nyawa, kerosakan harta benda, kerugian ekonomi dan kemusnahan alam sekitar yang

melangkaui kemampuan masyarakat untuk mengatasinya dan memerlukan tindakan penggemblengan

sumber yang ekstensif. Bencana banjir ini berlaku apabila paras air adalah lebih tinggi daripada

keadaan biasa, terutamanya semasa musim hujan. Keadaan yang boleh dikatakan banjir apabila

sesuatu kawasan yang kering dinaiki air secara tiba-tiba pada suatu kedalaman tertentu. Air yang

bertakung yang mengakibatkan banjir boleh disebabkan dari beberapa faktor seperti hujan yang luar

biasa, saliran tersumbat dan tidak dibaiki serta kenaikan paras sungai disebabkan hujan berterusan.

Musibah banjir yang berlaku dalam negara baru-baru ini amat membimbangkan kerana melibatkan

kemusnahan yang berlaku dalam skala yang besar. Pertambahan penduduk dalam kawasan

pembangunan yang tertumpu di lembangan dan lurah sungai yang mudah dinaiki air menyebabkan

kejadian banjir sukar dielakkan. Kejadian banjir sebenarnya bukan hanya memberikan kesan secara

fizikal dan persekitaran sahaja malah bencana ini juga mampu meninggalkan kesan secara mendalam

(psikologi) kepada individu yang terlibat (Chan & Parker, 1999). Oleh itu, satu kajian dilakukan untuk

mengkaji kemurungan yang dialami dan daya tindak yang diambil oleh mangsa pasca banjir,

khususnya di kawasan Manek Urai yang dilaporkan antara kawasan yang terjejas teruk. Di Kelantan,

terdapat sepuluh daerah yang dilanda banjir termasuklah Kota Bahru, Pasir Putih, Pasir Mas, Tanah

Merah, Kuala Krai, Gua Musang, Jeli, Tumpat, Machang dan Bachok. Jumlah mangsa banjir bagi

semua daerah bagi negeri tersebut adalah 339,703 orang (Majlis Keselamatan Negara, 2015). Seramai

179 orang yang terdiri daripada 108 orang perempuan dan 71 orang lelaki terlibat dalam kajian

kuantitatif. Manakala seramai 29 orang yang terlibat dalam kajian kualitatif. Kajian ini menggunakan

pendekatan mixed method (Explanatory Sequential Design) yang melibatkan pengedaran soal selidik

dan temu bual untuk memperoleh data. Pengkaji menggunakan alat kajian Multi Depression Inventory

yang telah diubahsuai daripada Sattler dan Kaiser (2000); Berndt (1986) untuk mengukur kemurungan

selepas menghadapi bancana dan alat kajian Disaster Psychosocial Respons yang telah diubahsuai

daripada Kaniasty & Norris (1993); McCubbin & Thompson (1991) untuk mengukur reaksi

psikososial terhadap bencana. Manakala temu bual menggunakan protokol soalan semi berstruktur

yang dibina berdasarkan dapatan hasil kajian pada fasa kuantitatif. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat

tiga tahap kemurungan yang dialami iaitu tahap rendah, tahap sederhana dan tahap tinggi. Kajian turut

melaporkan terdapat tiga bentuk daya tindak yang diambil semasa menghadapi bencana banjir

tersebut.



Kemurungan

“akak rasa sedih apabila melihat keadaan

sekeliling dengan harta benda turut

musnah. Sedihlah sebab susah untuk

mendapat balik harta yang telah ada.”

“Bila datang hujan, tu yang jadi takut.

Macam kita nak tidur pun macam takut,

tu yang jadi kita teringat balik.”

“Memang tak boleh tidur. Pejam pun tak

boleh pejam mata dah.”

“Ya , mak cik dah tak dapat nak hurai ,

hanya Tuhan saja yang tahu betapa

sedihnya bila pindah tempat pemindahan

banjir ni.”

Strategi Daya Tindak

“Doa tu , mak cik minta Allah permudahkan jalan , beri

petunjuk jalan mana yang betul untuk mak cik perbaiki

kemusnahan ini.”

“Erm , tentang musibah ini mak cik harapkan agar Allah

pulihkan, baiki dan pulih keadaan ini lebih dari yang sebelum

ini.”

“Alhamdulillah , anak-anak yang bagi duit untuk beli

keperluan Kelmarin anak mak cik telefon, dia hantar duit untuk

mak cik beli pakaian dan untuk perbelanjaan mak cik bulan

puasa.”

“Aa , yelah . Kalau mak cik cerita kepada orang lain tu , mak

cik berasa lega lah.”

0

10

20

30

40

Rendah Sederhana Tinggi

Rajah 1: Tahap kemurungan mangsa banjir di Manek Urai, Kelantan (%)

Rendah

Sederhana



Rujukan

Asyraf Wajdi Dusuki (2014) http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/rencana/article/musibah-banjir-

terburuk-di-kelantan-asyraf-wajdi-dusuki - Retrived 1 Jun 2015.

Berndt, D.J. (1986). Multiscore Depression Inventory Manual. Los Angeles: Western

Psychological Services.

Chan, N. W. dan Parker, D. J. (1999) Aspek Sosio-Ekonomi Bencana Banjir di Semenanjung

Malaysia.

Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2nd

ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Kaniasty, K., & Norris, F.H. (1993).A test of the social support deterioration model in the context of

natural disaster. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 395-408.

Majlis Keselamatan Negara (2012). Arahan Majlis Keselamatan Negara No. 20 (Semakan Semula.

Dasar dan Mekanisme Pengurusan Bencana Negara. MKN: Jabatan Perdana Menteri.

McCubbin, H. I., & Thompson, A. I. (Eds.). (1991). Family assessment inventories for research and

practice (2nd ed). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin.

Sattler, D.N., Kaiser, C.F. & J.B. Hittner (2000). “Disaster Preparedness: Relationships among

Prior Experience, Personal Characteristics, and Distress.” Journal of Applied Social

Psychology 30: 1398–1420.

http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/rencana/article/musibah-banjir-terburuk-di-kelantan-asyraf-wajdi-dusuki

http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/rencana/article/musibah-banjir-terburuk-di-kelantan-asyraf-wajdi-dusuki



P-02

STRES DAN KESEJAHTERAAN PSIKOLOGI ANGGOTA BOMBA DALAM PENGURUSAN

BENCANA DI MALAYSIA

Christie Binti Dauni 1 , Mohd Dahlan A. Malek

2, Ferlis bin Bullare @ Bahari

3, Ida Shafinaz

Mohamed Kamil4 & Agnes Sombuling

5

12345Universiti Malaysia Sabah

ABSTRAK. Bencana adalah peristiwa yang mengancam dan mengganggu kehidupan masyarakat.

Keadaan ini disebabkan oleh faktor alam atau faktor non alam mahupun faktor manusia sehingga

mengakibatkan timbulnya kemalangan jiwa manusia, kerosakan, kerugian harta benda, dan kesan

psikologi. Mereka yang terlibat secara langsung dalam misi penyelamat seperti anggota bomba.

Pekerjaan sebagai bomba salah satu daripada pekerjaan paling berbahaya dan memberikan tekanan

kerana sering memberi ancaman keselamatan dan mereka memikul banyak tanggungjawab yang

berterusan. Tidak dinafikan mereka sentiasa berhadapan dengan keadaan stres apabila berhadapan

dengan bencana atau semasa melaksanakan tugas. Pada masa yang sama ia juga memberi kesan

kepada kesejahteraan psikologi mereka. Oleh itu, satu kajian dilakukan untuk mengkaji tahap stres

dan kesejahteraan psikologi yang dialami oleh anggota bomba dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas

penyelamatan mangsa bencana. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan

borang soal selidik untuk memperolehi data. Seramai 604 orang anggota bomba sebagai responden

yang terlibat dalam kajian ini. Data diperolehi dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 21.0. Hasil kajian

menunjukkan terdapat tiga tahap stres dan kesejahteraan psikologi iaitu tahap rendah, sederhana dan

tinggi. Hasil dan implikasi dibincangkan lebih lanjut dalam kajian ini.

KATA KUNCI. Stres, Kesejahteraan Psikologi, Pengurusan bencana



P-03

PENGALAMAN TRAUMA DAN DAYA TINDAK DALAM KALANGAN MALIM GUNUNG

SEMASA BENCANA GEMPA BUMI DI SABAH

Allya Cassandra Alim1, Ferlis Bullare @ Bahari

2, Mohd. Dahlan A. Malek

3, Jasmine Adela

Mutang4, Lailawati Madlan

5 & Wan Anor Sulaiman

6

123456 Unit Penyelidikan Psikologi dan Kesihatan Sosial Fakulti Psikologi dan Pendidikan

Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400


KATA KUNCI. Pengalaman Trauma, Daya Tindak, Malim gunung

ABSTRAK. Pada 5 Jun (Awani, 2015), gempa bumi sederhana bermagnitud 5.9 pada skala richter

telah menggegarkan Ranau, Sabah pada jam 7.15 pagi. Pusat Gempa Bumi dan Tsunami Nasional

menyatakan bahawa gegaran tersebut telah dirasai di kebanyakan tempat di Sabah termasuk Ranau,

Tambunan, Pedalaman Sabah, Tuaran, Kota Belud dan Kota Kinabalu. Pusat gempa tersebut terletak

di 16 kilometer Barat laut Ranau. Gegaran tersebut telah menyebabkan kehilangan nyawa dan

kemusnahan harta benda dalam kalangan penduduk yang terjejas. Bencana semula jadi mempunyai

kesan yang negatif kepada kesejahteraan mental individu yang terlibat. Risiko untuk mengalami

trauma dan masalah mental yang lain turut wujud. Trauma suatu pengalaman emosi yang biasanya

berlaku disebabkan oleh tragedi yang dialami oleh mangsa seperti pengalaman akibat bencana alam

dan pengalaman lain seperti peperangan, rogol, penculikan dan penderaan. Pengalaman emosi yang

dialami selepas tragedi dapat dikenal pasti melalui bidang perubatan. Sumber trauma datang daripada

tragedi yang tidak dijangka dan individu berkenaan tidak mempunyai persediaan dalam menghadapi

bencana sedemikian. Tiga (3) bahagian utama dalam otak manusia yang akan berperanan dalam

mewujudkan trauma setelah pengalaman dialami iaitu bahagian cortex (merangkumi kemahiran

berfikir), sistem limbik (pusat segala emosi dalam ataupun otak tengah) dan juga stem otak (bahagian

yang akan mengawal kefungsian untuk bertahan dalam sesuatu keadaan). Trauma akan mendatangkan

kesan seperti gangguan pemakanan, gangguan tidur, gangguan fungsi seksual, kurang bertenaga,

mengalami kesakitan yang tidak jelas dan menjadi emosional kepada individu yang mengalaminya

(Jaffe, Segal dan Dumke, 2005). Pengalaman tragedi bencana alam biasanya menyebabkan distress

psikologikal yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan tragedi lain. Hal ini kerana mangsa akan mengalami

kehilangan ahli keluarga ataupun kehilangan salah satu anggota badan. Wanita dan kanak-kanak

adalah merupakan golongan yang lebih berisiko mengalami trauma (Cenat dan Derivous, 2015).

Kajian lepas mendapati bahawa kebanyakan mangsa bencana gempa bumi mengalami pengalaman

trauma yang tinggi. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian terhadap distres trauma, trauma dissociative dan

kepuasan hidup akibat bencana gempa bumi dalam kalangan malim gunung adalah masih terhad.

Selari dengan perkembangan bidang psikologi di Malaysia, kajian ini dilihat sangat penting dan

signifikan khususnya dalam meneroka pengalaman trauma dan daya tindak malim gunung yang

merupakan mangsa gempa bumi agar dapat memberikan panduan tentang kaedah psikologi yang

bersesuaian dalam berdepan dengan trauma. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk meneroka secara kualitatif

pengalaman trauma dan daya tindak dalam kalangan malim gunung. Pendekatan kualitatif melalui

kaedah kajian kes digunakan dengan menggunakan protokol temubual yang dibentuk oleh kumpulan

penyelidik. Analisis Grounded Theory digunakan untuk menganalisis data kajian. Justeru, kajian

dalam bidang psikologi pertama di Sabah dan mungkin di Malaysia yang menjurus kepada malim



gunung sejak bencana gempa berlaku di Sabah pada 1966 dan 1991 diharap memberi sumbangan

ilmu, pengetahuan dan maklumat kepada mangsa bencana gempa bumi dan masyarakat umum. Hasil

kajian mendapati wujud coping dalam kalangan malim gunung. Kajian turut melaporkan wujud daya

tindak yang diambil semasa gempa bumi.

Pengalaman Trauma

“Ya sentiasa terkejut, asal dengar bunyi orang tutup pintu pun saya rasa terkejut dan takut sudah.”

“Ada. Macam tidak tahu fikir mahu pergi mana.”

“Ya, sesak nafas dan berpeluh.”

Strategi Daya Tindak

“Saya berdoa juga supaya kami sampai di bawah dengan selamat.”

“Lepas tu gegaran sana kan, kami semua berkumpul masing2. Sini Cina, sini Islam, sini Korea, semua

berdoa masing2.”

“Redha saja, sudah takdir”

“Macamana mahu marah, semua pun kena. Redha saja lah, terima saja”

Gambar 1: Para penyelidik turun lapangan

Gambar 2: Keadaan bangunan BSN, Ranau selepas gempa bumi



Gambar 3: Keadaan salah sebuah bangunan di Ranau selepas gempa bumi

Acknowledgement

Kajian ini telah dibiayai oleh Geran Kajian Fundamental (SBK0238-SS-2015) di bawah Universiti

Malaysia Sabah.

Rujukan

Aldwin CM, Revenson TA (1987) Does coping help? A re-examination of the relation between

coping and mental health. J Pers Soc Psychol 53:337–348.

Breslau N, Anthony JC. Gender differences in the sensitivity to posttraumatic stress disorder: an

epidemiological study of urban young adults. J Abnorm Psychol 2007;116:607–611.

Breslau N, Wilcox HC, Storr CL, et al. Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder: a study of

youths in urban America. J Urban Health 2004;81:530–544.

Brunet A, Weiss DS, Metzler TJ, et al. The Peritraumatic Distress Inventory: a proposed measure of

PTSD criterion A2. Am J Psychiatry 2001;158:1480-1485.

Buletin JKN Negeri Sembilan, 2014.

http://jknns.moh.gov.my/v1/images/stories/penerbitan/Psikologi/2014/Edisi_1.pdf

Cénat, J. M., & Derivois, D. (2015). Long‐Term Outcomes Among Child And Adolescent Survivors

Of The 2010 Haitian Earthquake. Depression and anxiety, 32(1), 57-63.

Charak, R., Armour, C., Elklit, A., Angmo, D., Elhai, J. D., & Koot, H. M. (2014). Factor structure of

PTSD, and relation with gender in trauma survivors from India. European journal of

psychotraumatology, 5.

http://jknns.moh.gov.my/v1/images/stories/penerbitan/Psikologi/2014/Edisi_1.pdf



P-04

GEOSPATIAL-DERIVED DISASTER AREA BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLANNING:

CASE STUDY IN KUNDASANG, SABAH

Nur Fadzlina Aini M.Lehan1*

, Khamarrul Azahari Razak1, Rabieatul Abu Bakar

2, Zakaria

Mohamad2

1 UTM Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

(UTM) Kuala Lumpur, 54100 Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur

2 3 Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi

Selangor

Corresponding author *: [email protected]

KEYWORDS: Business Continuity Planning, Geospatial Technology, Multi-Scale Disaster Risk

Reduction, Kundasang

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and droughts bring fatalities, injuries, property damage,

and economic and social disruption to countries that bear the brunt of acts of nature. Disaster aid for

emergency relief and reconstruction is important in helping reduce the exposure to consequent risks,

and ensuring the availability of sufficient funds to governments and individuals during the recovery

process. Sabah is one of multi-racial state in Malaysia. The population are diverse in term of cultural,

religious, languages, and socio-economic activities such as tourism and agriculture. In many areas in

Sabah, including Kundasang, there were natural or man-made disasters that will continue to represent

a threat to individuals and local communities.

Objectives

The aim of this paper is to examine how the local communities in Kundasang, that affected by natural

disasters, adapting with the consequences of natural disasters in term of economic losses / business

resilience. The study will adapted the Area Business Continuity Planning (ABCP) introduced by

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) which already being tested in natural disasters prone

areas in Asia such as Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand. The ABCP will be combined with an

integrated smart geospatial solution incorporating advanced earth observation system and intelligent

geo-information technologies data.

Methods

The paper will explain the development of Area Business Continuity Plan (ABCP) for natural

disasters prone area such as Kundasang in term of social (Interviews, Questionnaires) and technical

(zoning mapping using geospatial data) approach. [Results]. One methodological framework on how

to assess the ABCP in Kundasang to help the Multi – Scale Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR).

Discussion

It would be an interesting findings in order to help the local and Small Manufacture Enterprise (SME)

communities as the private stakeholders in Kundasang in managing their small business and reducing

the recovery times by adapting the ABCP action framework.



Conclusion

The new strategies to develop action framework in order to help the local or affected stakeholders

with the discontinuity business due to natural disasters would be beneficial for public and private

sectors. The geospatial data technologies would give a huge help in monitoring as well as the zoning

mapping for the hazardous areas. Using Kundasang as a study area are advantageous because the area

is prone to many natural disasters activities, the area development are sparse as well as a lot of socio-

economic activities happened within the area.

Acknowledgment

This study acknowledge the support of other research team from UKM, Southeast Asia Disaster

Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI) as implementing institutional for the pilot study of the area

BCP/ BCM in Malaysia.

References

PreventionWeb (2015) Malaysia - Disaster & Risk Profile, viewed 1 Sept 2015, at

http://www.preventionweb.net/countries/mys/data/

Shaluf, I.M., and Ahmadun, F.R. (2006). Disaster types in Malaysia: an overview. Disaster Prevention

and Management. Vol. 15 No. 2, 2006 pp. 286-298. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. DOI

10.1108/09653560610659838.

Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (2013). Chair’s Summary. Fourth Session of the Global

Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, Geeva, 21-23 May 2013

http://www.preventionweb.net/countries/mys/data/



P-05

GEOENGINEERING INTERPRETATION OF THE KUNDASANG GROUND ASSESSMENT

Syed Omar*1, Zainab Mohamed

2 & Khamarrul Azahari Razak

3

1Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara(UiTM), Malaysia

2 Institute for Infrastructure Engineering and Sustainable Management, Universiti Teknologi Mara

(UiTM), Malaysia 3UTM Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

(UTM), Malaysia

. ABSTRACT. Kundasang is identified as one of the major geological hazard area due to the

presence of ongoing mass movement, numerous localised failures and ground creeping at various

locations. This problem has caused substantial damaged to properties such as building structure,

roads, telecommunication towers ,electricity infrastructure and agriculture orchards which directly

result in high economic losses to the government, investors and residents in the Kundasang area .

Several efforts have been taken by various parties to investigate the probable causes of ground

failure in the Kundasang area whenever any occurrence of ground failure taken place. However ,

such efforts seem to be of no avail because ground instability continue to occur and still can be

detected frequently in the Kundasang area.This paper highlighted the important of comprehensive

geological and geotechnical evaluation to be conducted in Kundasang especially the characteristic of

weak rock material that most likely become a causal factor that strongly influenced the ground

stability and affected engineering structures. In addition,information from construction suitability

map also been used to identify the suitability of particular location for construction purpose. From

these assessment it can be concluded that Kundasang is most likely considered as difficult ground for

construction. Therefore construction industry in the Kundasang area is quite challenging and very

costly . It is expected that with detailed and comprehensive knowledge, suitable design of geotechnical

solution at difficult ground can be conducted accurately and objectively which eventually could

promote sustainable development and enhancing public safety in the Kundasang area.

KEYWORDS. Geological hazard; ground instability; geological and geotechnical evaluation; weak

rock material; sustainable development



P-06

PAHANG FLOOD DISASTER : THE POTENTIAL FLOOD DRIVERS

Rahmah Elfithri

1, Syamimi Halimshah

1,2*, Md Pauzi Abdullah

1,2, Mazlin Mokhtar

1, Mohd

Ekhwan Toriman3, Ahmad Fuad Embi

4, Maimon Abdullah

2, Lee Yook Heng

2, Khairul Nizam

Ahmad Maulud4 , Syafinaz Salleh

1, Maizurah Maizan

2 & Nurlina Mohamad Ramzan

1

1Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI) ,

2Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), 3Faculty of Social Science and Humanities (FSSK),

4Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FKAB)

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


ABSTRACT. The northeast monsoon which occurs from November to February carries heavy

rainfall which always result in flood especially to the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Pahang was

one of the state that severely affected by this flood. Although the heavy rain is the main driver of the

flood but human being cannot ignore the other flood drivers especially the river and its nearby

environment circumstance which regard the flood event. The objective of this study was to determine

the other flood drivers especially the river and its nearby environment circumstance which regard the

flood event. The methodologies used in this study involved data collection through literature reviews

and flood reports from Drainage and Irrigation Department (DID) and interview to gather more

information and verify the issues and other related drivers. The possible drivers of flooding in Pahang

that occurred are as follows : 1) High rain intensity (>60 mm/hour, 200 – 450 mm/day) at the

upstream that increases the quantity of water in the river and causes it to overflow 2) Water from area

that has no drainage connection with the river (lowland, recessed and swamp area) was also flowing

out and contributed to the flood 3) The size of the irrigation system is insufficient to bear the water

flow rate and the tributary network is unable to withstand the large runoff 4) Increased reclaim of

wetland area for development that causes irrigation system to be narrowed and obstructed for the

water to flowing in to the tributaries 5) Prevalent forest clearing and logging activity increased the

water non-absorbent area 6) Ground cutting for development purpose decreased the rain water

absorption into the ground and increased surface water runoff, thus causes the watershed area

decrease in its ability to hold water 7) Shallow estuary caused by high sedimentation from various

activities leads to slow water conduction flowing from flood area to the sea 8) Most residential area

are located at lowland and flood plain region coupled with bad irrigation system especially in big

residential area, thus increased the flood risk. Each possible driver of flooding in Pahang that

occurred in 2014 has to be discussed further in term of the responsible stakeholders who should

involve in the management and maintenance. The heavy rainfall from northeast monsoon which was

the main flood driver cannot be avoided but some flood drivers especially the river and its nearby

environment that may contribute to higher magnitude of flood can be fixed and controlled by human.

KEYWORDS. Pahang, flood drivers, river, heavy rainfall, environment circumstance



P-07

KERANGKA PENILAIAN KEBERKESANAN PENDEKATAN BANJIR BUKAN

BERSTRUKTUR: KAJIAN KES SEREMBAN

Norashikin Samsuri1*

, Joy Periera1 & Tanot Unjah

1

Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRi),

Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (LESTARI)

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor

*E-mail: [email protected]

KATA KUNCI: Banjir bandar, pendekatan bukan berstruktur, agensi kerajaan tempatan Seremban.

ABSTRAK. Banjir merupakan salah satu bencana alam yang paling dahsyat berlaku, banjir

menyebabkan banyak nyawa, harta benda dan ternakan hilang, kerugian disamping memberikan

trauma (Penna & River 2013; Haryati et al 2011).) Banjir merupakan fenomena yang mempunyai sifat

boleh dijangka dan diluar jangkaan. Kebanyakan banjir dahsyat adalah banjir kilat yang disebabkan

oleh hujan berlebihan dalam jangka masa beberapa jam (Penna and Rivers 2013). Kajian

menunjukkan bahawa banjir kilat dikawasan perbandaran merupakan banjir yang mempunyai impak

kemusnahan yang paling besar berbanding lokasi dan jenis banjir-banjir lain. Antara faktor

berlakunya banjir adalah hujan berlebihan dan pembangunan pesat yang mempengaruhi bentuk muka

bumi. Pembangunan semasa yang bersifat menutup ruang telap hujan dan sekaligus mengurangkan

kawasan hijau secara mendadak merupakan factor yang menyumbang kepada pertambahan air larian .

Hasil daripada pendekatan pembangunan semasa adalah wujudnya kawasan aktif banjir kilat di bandar

seperti di Kuala Lumpur. Jika pendekatan pembangunan yang sama digunakan dalam membangunkan

bandar-bandar lain di seluruh negara isu banjir kilat di kawasan perbandaran akan menjadi perkara

yang perlu ditangani bagi setiap bandar di Malaysia dengan kos yang sangat besar dan pastinya

berganda pada masa akan datang. Antara bandar terdekat yang mempunyai cirian pembangunan yang

hampir sama dengan Kuala Lumpur adalah bandar dalam konurbasi Lembah Kelang yang terdiri

daripada kawasan sekitar Selangor (Kajang, Petaling Jaya, Cheras, Shah Alam dan Klang) dan Negeri

Sembilan (Seremban, Seremban 2, Nilai, Bandar Sri Sendayan, Senawang, Bandar Enstek dan

Seremban 3). Sejarah banjir kilat yang berlaku di Kuala Lumpur perlu dijadikan panduan untuk

mengemaskan pendekatan pembangunan khususnya Seremban, Negeri Sembilan Bandar Seremban

yang dipilih untuk kajian ini merupakan kawasan yang pesat membangun disebabkan oleh limpahan

populasi daripada Lembah Klang berikutan guna tanah Kuala Lumpur semakin kurang. Berdasarkan

rekod Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran Negeri Sembilan dalam tempoh 13 tahun kebelakangan ini

sebanyak 27 kejadian direkodkan berlaku dengan purata 2 kejadian banjir dalam tempoh 1 tahun.

Manakala populasi penduduk daerah Seremban (rajah 2) direkodkan pada tahun 2000 adalah seramai

383530 orang, tahun 2010 seramai 555935 orang dan tahun 2013 seramai 594600 orang (UPEN

Negeri Sembilan 2013) yang menunjukkan peningkatan sebanyak 14.37% dalam tempoh 3 tahun.

Peningkatan populasi ini dipengaruhi oleh perubahan gunatanah kawasan. Menurut Shaharudin et al.

(2011), mendapati terdapat dua arah dan bentuk perubahan dalam guna tanah. Pertamanya dari

kawasan hutan bertukar menjadi kawasan pertanian terutamanya getah dan kawasan perlombongan




dibuka untuk tujuan ekonomi dan kemudiannya menjadi kawasan tepubina yang terdiri daripada

pelbagai kegiatan perumahan di samping kawasan industri, komersil, institut dan sebagainya yang

menyokong sektor perumahan tersebut untuk terus berkembang. Keduanya adalah perubahan yang

berlaku secara drastik bermula dari kawasan berhutan berubah terus menjadi kawasan yang terdiri

daripada sektor perkilangan, industri, komersil dan perumahan yang menjadi tunjang perkembangan

kawasan tepubina ini. Peralihan ini jelas dapat dilihat di kawasan Senawang yang sebelumnya

merupakan kawasan hutan simpan dan bertukar menjadi kawasan industri dan Bandar Senawang yang

lengkap dengan segala kemudahan yang diperlukan oleh masyarakat di Bandar. Dalam tempoh

sepuluh tahun pelbagai usaha telah dilaksanakan meliputi kaedah dan pendekatan berstruktur dan

bukan struktur, namun isu banjir belum dapat diselesaikan sepenuhnya. Berdasarkan kajian semasa

kajian ini cuba memperlihat apa yang boleh diperkukuhkan dengan melihat dari pendekatan setiap

agensi menangani isu banjir. Borang selidik telah dibangunkan bagi melihat pendekatan tidak

berstruktur dalam menangani banjir. Kriteria-kriteria ini bakal mengenalpasti tanggungjawab sediada

agensi kerajaan tempatan melalui pendekatan-pendekatan bukan berstruktur dalam melihat

keberkesanan perlaksanaan, usaha-usaha menangani banjir dan kekurangan, halangan serta

kelompangan yang wujud. Kriteria yang dipilih bagi menjawab persoalan pendekatan tidak

berstruktur adalah meliputi bahagian B kesan banjir ke atas persekitaran dan masyarakat; bahagian C

punca banjir daerah seremban; bahagian D faktor banjir semulajadi; bahagian E faktor banjir akibat

tindakan manusia; bahagian F sistem saliran; bahagian G pengurusan banjir; bahagian H langkah

penyelesaian. Kriteria-kriteria ini dijangka dapat menjawab persoalan kajian berikut; mengkaji sejauh

mana setiap agensi berperanan menangani banjir, mengenalpasti adakah wujud pertindihan

tanggungjawab antara agensi, mengenalpasti lompang yang masih belum dijawab pelbagai agensi

sediada. Kajian ini juga dijangka dapat membantu dalam menangani isu banjir di kawasan bandar

melalui pendekatan bukan berstruktur dan mengenalpasti keberkesanan pengendalian bencana banjir

lebih berkesan yang mampu menjadi panduan pembangunan dan mungkin membawa kepada sifar

banjir. Selain itu diharap dapat membantu agensi-agensi kerajaan dalam menangani banjir bandar

sebagai usaha jangka pendek dan jangka panjang.



Rajah 1: Kawasan yang pernah dilanda banjir daerah Seremban

Rujukan

Anthony N. Penna and Jennifer S. Rivers. 2013. Natural Disasters In a Global Environment. Wil1ey

Blackwell Publication.

Haryati Shafii, Sharifah Meryam Shareh Musa & Norasyikin Miskam. 2011. Kajian

Kesanggupan

Pemilik Rumah Untuk Mendapatkan Perlindungan Daripada Bencana Banji. Persidangan Kebangsaan Masyarakat, Ruang dan Alam Sekitar.

Shaharudin Idrus, Ruslan Rainis, & Abdul Samad Hadi. 2011.Transformasi Reruang dan Dayahuni

Perumahan di Seremban, Malaysia. Akademika 81(3) 2011: 83-93.

Unit Perancang Ekonomi Negeri, Negeri Sembilan. 2013. Data Penting Negeri Sembilan

Tahun 2013.



P-08

VULNERABILITY AND SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS OF FLOODING IN PAHANG

RIVER BASIN

Chamhuri Siwar, Nurul Ashikin Alias*, Nor Diana Mohd Idris

Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia


ABSTRACT

Introduction

Floods disaster is one of the common phenomenal occurred in South East region of Peninsular

Malaysia due to the monsoon season in the end of every year. Malaysia frequently experience some

flooding every year due to the tropical location which is located at 2°30’ N 112°30’E because it is in

the path of the adverse effects of monsoon weather phenomena. Malaysia have two monsoon season a

year; Northeast monsoon, which occurs from November to March and Southwest monsoon, which

occurs from May to September

Objective

The main objective of this study is to assess the vulnerability and socioeconomic impacts of residents

affected by recent floods in Pahang river basin.

Methodology

This study was conducted at three districts in Pahang state which are Temerloh, Kuantan and Pekan.

These areas had been selected in order to compare vulnerability and socioeconomic impacts of floods

between rural and urban areas in Pahang. There are two type of data had been collected in this study

which are primary data and secondary data. All the secondary data was collected in documentation

form from the local authorities such as Land and District Office (PDT) of Pekan, Temerloh and

Kuantan including. Meanwhile, for the primary data was collected from the face to face interview by

using a well-developed questionnaire. There are several perspective had been included in the

questionnaire set to assess the floods impacts on vulnerability and socioeconomic, which are about

profile of respondents, income and expenditure, assets damages and factors of vulnerability towards

flood. All the data collected was analysed by using SPSS version 21.

Result

There are 602 respondents was collected which 57.14% Male and 42.86% Female with average ages

of 50 – 51 years old. 44.68% of respondents were from the urban area and 55.32% from the rural area

with 99.34% Islam, 0.332% Buddha and Hindu each.

Conclusion

Floods event in Pahang river basin will causing risk, hazard and disaster to riverine communities.

Assessment of vulnerability and socioeconomic impacts of flooding was important in order to reduce

the impact of floods disaster and preparation for the future floods events.

KEYWORDS: Floods, Socioeconomic Impacts, Vulnerability, Floods Impact, Loss and Damages



P-09

MAPPING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPLEX LANDSLIDES: MULTI-SCALE

LIDAR APPROACH

Mohd Asraff Asmadi*1, Nurliyana Izzati Ishak

1, Muhammad Zulkarnain Abdul Rahman

2 &

Khamarrul Azahari Razak3,4

1 Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia

2 TropicalMap Research Group, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia

3 UTM RAZAK School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,


4 Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Center, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Kuala Lumpur, 54100 Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala

Lumpur, Malaysia

Corresponding author *:[email protected]

ABSTRACT. Landslides play significant roles in hillslope geomorphology processes and reshaping

of the landform in a tectonic and mountainous region. Man-made and natural disturbances often lead

to disaster particularly the one with high exposure of hazard within the buffer of element-at-risk for

landslides. In many cases, large-scale landslides in a subduction tectonic zone occur with respective

indicators and causal factors, which could be extracted from geospatial data and substantially useful

for landslide investigation. The aforementioned scenarios are interesting to investigate with recent

geodynamic activity. A recent 6.0 Mw earthquake in Sabah and about 200 aftershocks caused in many

cascading geohazards such as rock avalanches, rock fall, debris flow, floods, and reactivation of old

landslides resulting the region in a highly prone to the natural disaster. An assessment of landslide

induced by earthquakes in a quantitative and objective manner is still elusive in Malaysia. Therefore,

in this research, we provide a better insight into the use of multi-sensory remote sensing data and

advanced processing tools coupling with expert and local knowledge for mapping, extracting and

characterizing co-seismic landslides in Kundasang, Sabah. A very high density airborne LiDAR and

intelligent processing scheme made the understanding of earth surface processes and landforms as a

result of earthquake and its aftershock possible in a quantitative and objective way. We revealed the

conceptual framework of producing a series of landslide causal factor maps from high density LiDAR

data with acceptable accuracy in a relatively short period. So far, we categorized the LiDAR-derived

landslide causal factor maps namely as LiDAR-derived geomorphologic factor maps, hydro-

topographic factor maps, geological factor maps and anthropogenic factor maps. Recommendation of

appropriate LiDAR-derived landslide causal factor maps will be critically discussed. As a result of

this study, the finding contributes significantly to the analysis and assessment of landslide

susceptibility, hazard and associated risk in a tectonically active region in Malaysia.

KEYWORDS. Landslide induced by earthquake, Multi-sensory remote sensing data analysis, High

density airborne LiDAR, complex landslide characterization, 6.0Mw Sabah earthquake.



P-10

EXTRACTING VEGETATION ANOMALIES INDUCED BY LANDSLIDE

Nurliyana Izzati binti Ishak*1, Mohd Asraff bin Asmadi

1, Muhammad Zulkarnain bin Abdul

Rahman2 & Khamarrul Azahari Razak

3

1Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia

2 TropicalMap Research Group, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia

3 UTM Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,


Corresponding author *:[email protected]

ABSTRACT. In tropical region, vegetation anomalies can be used as a strong evidence for

landslides activities below the canopy. This is supported by significance changes of vegetation

characteristics depending on the scale, type and magnitude of landslides. The aim of this paper is to

produce landslides probability map based on vegetation anomalies induced by landslides in tropical

region. The study will be focusing on the landslides activity in Perak and Sabah. The study area of

Cameron Highland has been observed by using airborne laser scanning (ALS) on July 2010 with the

point cloud density of 4 points in every 1m2 and the field work of Kundasang will be done on

November. The important vegetation anomalies that can be obtained from ALS are tree height,

species distribution, height distribution, type of vegetation whether it is low, middle or high

vegetation. The result obtained from the ALS is then will be validate using ground data survey and

compare the result obtained by ALS and ground data. The details that need to be collected during the

data collection are Diameter at breast height, tree height by using distometer, tree inclination by

using tree inclinometer, tree species if possible and the center location of the plot. This research will

enhance the understanding of how landslide can be detect by only visualize the tree characteristic.

REFERENCE

Guidelines for Developing and Evaluating Tree Ordinances [Online]. Available: http://www.isa-

arbor.com/tree-ord/ [Accessed 20/3/2015.

ANDERSEN, H.-E., MCGAUGHEY, R. J. & REUTEBUCH, S. E. 2006. Forest Measurement and

Monitoring Using High-Resolution Airborne LiDAR.

BERTOLETTE, D. R. & SPOTSKEY, D. B. 1999. Fuel Model and Forest Type Mapping for

FARSITE Input.

BLOZAN, W. 2004. Tree Measuring Guidelines of the Eastern Native Tree Society.

NCCA 2006. Measurement of Diameter at Breast Height (DBH).

http://www.isa-arbor.com/tree-ord/

http://www.isa-arbor.com/tree-ord/



Figure 1: Location of one of my study site.

Figure 2: Point Cloud



P-11

CIRI-CIRI FIZIKAL TANAH FORMASI GARINONO DAN KESANNYA TERHADAP

KEJADIAN PERGERAKAN JISIM

Afrida Sri Rahayu Karim* & Baba Musta

Fakulti Sains Dan Sumber Alam, Universiti Malaysia Sabah,

88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah, Malaysia.

ABSTRAK. Kajian ini melibatkan ciri-ciri fizikal tanah daripada Formasi Garinono yang terletak di

Sandakan, Sabah. Formasi Garinono di sekitar Segaliud Sandakan Sabah merupakan campuran

pelbagai saiz butiran batuan yang diselaputi matriks lumpur yang juga dikenali sebagai melange.

Cerapan lapangan menunjukkan singkapan potongan jalan dan tebing kawasan ladang sering

berlakunya pergerakan jisim. Sebanyak lima kawasan singkapan dan sampel tanah melange telah

diambil untuk analisis sifat fizikal tanah. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kesemua sampel tanah

dikelaskan sebagai lempung dengan nilai peratus lempung berjulat 34.58% hingga 41.60%. Purata

nilai had plastik pula adalah dari 21.48% hingga 33.49%. Nilai indeks keplastikan tanah menunjukkan

sampel bersifat keplastikan rendah hingga tinggi, di mana julat keplastikan kelima-lima sampel adalah

dari 23.25% hingga 33.91%. Ujian pengecutan linear menunjukkan peratusan pengecutan dari

12.14% hingga 17.14%. Ujian kebolehtelapan tanah menunjukkan kesemua sampel tanah mempunyai

darjah kebolehtelapan yang sangat rendah iaitu berjulat 3.09 x 10-9 m/s hingga 1.03 x 10-8 m/s. Nilai

had Atterberg, dan mineral lempung yang tinggi boleh menyebabkan kandungan air melebihi peratus

kandungan air optima; boleh merubah sifat fizikal tanah daripada keadaan pepejal kepada cecair dan

akhirnya berupaya mengalami kegagalan.



P-12

KESEDIAAN AWAM TERHADAP BENCANA DI MALAYSIA: PERANAN MEDIA SOSIAL

DAN PENGLIBATAN MASYARAKAT

Norasikin Hassan¹* , Izrahayu Che Hashim² & Che Siti Noor Che Mamat1

1 Institut Pembangunan dan Alam Sekitar (LESTARI)

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor.

2 Department of Biological And Agricultural Engineering,

Faculty of Engineering

Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor.

Corr. Author*: [email protected]

KATA KUNCI: Kesediaan, pengurusan bencana, media sosial, penglibatan masyarakat

ABSTRAK. Bencana alam merupakan impak yang berlaku akibat dari perubahan cuaca dunia yang

berlaku secara berterusan. Bencana ditakrifkan sebagai kejadian yang berlaku secara tiba-tiba,

kompleks dalam alam semula jadi, menyebabkan kerugian nyawa, kerosakan kepada harta atau alam

sekitar serta menjejaskan aktiviti harian masyarakat tempatan. Bencana alam turut dikaitkan dengan

perubahan cuaca dunia di mana kejadian tanah runtuh dan banjir merupakan bencana yang sinonim

dengan keadaan cuaca di Malaysia. Terdapat tiga fasa tertentu yang terlibat di dalam pengurusan

bencana seperti yang dinyatakan dalam Jadual 1 iaitu pra-bencana, peringkat semasa bencana dan

peringkat selepas bencana(Magiswary, Murali, Saravanan, & Maniam, 2010). Pada peringkat pra-

bencana, di mana pelan atau persediaan yang dibuat adalah bertujuan untuk menyelamatkan nyawa

atau harta, dan bantuan semasa bencana dan ini juga dikenali sebagai kesediaan terhadap bencana.

Persiapan menghadapi bencana juga adalah inisiatif yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesediaan

dan pengetahuan di kalangan pelbagai pihak berkepentingan, agensi-agensi yang berkaitan mengenai

risiko, langkah-langkah pencegahan dan maklumat bencana lain. Selain daripada itu ia bertujuan

untuk meningkatkan kesediaan yang menyeluruh ke arah bencana atau sekurang-kurangnya

pendedahan kepada jenis bencana yang mungkin berlaku pada sesebuah kawasan.




Jadual 1: Fasa dalam Kitaran Pengurusan Bencana Sumber: United Nations Development

Programme – Asia-Pacific Development Information Programme(UNDP-APDIP) and Asian

and Pacific Training Centre for Information and Communication Technology for Development

(APCICT) – 2007 (Wattegama, 2007).

Namun, isu yang sering diperkatakan adalah sejauh mana tahap kesediaan ini mampu melindungi dan

melengkapi rakyat Malaysia menghadapi saat kecemasan tersebut. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini

dijalankan bertujuan untuk melihat tahap kesediaan kerajaan dan masyarakat umum di dalam

menghadapi situasi bencana ini dengan bantuan media sosial dan bagaimana penglibatan masyarakat

awam dalam penggunaan media sosial dapat membantu ketika fasa kesediaan menghadapi bencana.

Kajian oleh Dorasamy.M(2010) mendapati Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA)

menyatakan, bagi melahirkan masyarakat kekal berdaya tahan dalam menghadapi peristiwa bencana,

individu dan masyarakat perlu mempunyai tahap kesediaan sekurang-kurang 72 jam sebelum

berlakunya bencana. Di dalam tiga fasa pengurusan krisis iaitu fasa persediaan, fasa tindak balas, dan

fasa pemulihan, fasa persediaan atau kesediaan amat penting, pada ketika ini, tumpuan diberikan

kepada aktiviti pencegahan yang bertujuan untuk mengurangkan risiko yang diketahui yang boleh

membawa kepada krisis. Menyedari bahawa tidak semua krisis dapat ditolak, fokus yang sama berat

akan diberikan mengenai perancangan pengurusan krisis dan latihan pasukan pengurusan krisis. Di

dalam tiga peringkat ini, alat media sosial boleh digunakan untuk (1) penyebaran maklumat, (2)

perancangan bencana dan latihan, (3) menyelesaikan masalah dan membuat keputusan, dan (4)

mengumpul maklumat. Ini digambarkan dalam Rajah 1. Di peringkat penyebaran maklumat pula,

maklumat yang disampaikan melalui alat media sosial adalah satu cara yang berkesan untuk

menyediakan maklumat yang boleh dipercayai dengan cepat kepada orang ramai bagi membolehkan

mereka untuk lebih bersedia dan bertindak kepada krisis.

Rajah 1: Fungsi Media Sosial Dan Pengurusan Krisis. (Sumber: RAHS Think Centre).

Kajian ini membincangkan hasil dapatan daripada data sekunder dan analisis kajian terdahulu. Bagi

membantu Strategi Pengurusan Bencana Kebangsaan Malaysia (NDMS) mencapai aspirasinya untuk

memajukan penyelarasan dan pendekatan bersepadu yang berkesan dalam pembinaan budaya

pencegahan, perlindungan dan keselamatan awam di kalangan masyarakat, kajian ini akan

menitikberatkan penglibatan awam di dalam fasa kesediaan ini. Kajian turut meninjau tahap kesediaan

negara-negara yang pernah ditimpa bencana alam seperti negara Jepun dan Amerika sebagai rujukan.



Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan media sosial bagi kesediaan menghadapi bencana

berada di tahap yang lazim. Penggunaan aplikasi media sosial oleh pertubuhan-pertubuhan

kemanusiaan di beberapa negara di rantau Asia Pasifik mula membuahkan hasil ekoran ia dapat

membantu mengurangkan krisis. Namun begitu, hasil analisa menunjukkan wujudnya jurang digital

yang perlu diberi perhatian dalam menggabungkan media sosial dan alat analisis dalam kerja-kerja

mengenai persiapan menghadapi bencana. Buat masa ini, terdapatnya permintaan terhadap Sistem

Pengurusan Pengetahuan (KMS) maklumat kesediaan bencana bagi membantu pihak berkaitan

membuat keputusan yang optimum dalam perancangan komuniti bencana. Di beberapa tahun

kebelakangan ini, media sosial telah meletus sebagai wacana kategori atas talian dimana kita boleh

membuat kandungan, berkongsi, penanda buku dan rangkaian pada kadar yang luar biasa(Manso &

Manso, 2013). Hasil dapatan kajian oleh Singapore Internet Research Centre Cross, A. R. E. D.

(2015) daripada kedua-dua temu bual dan soal selidik secara konsisten menunjukkan bahawa

pertubuhan kemanusiaan menggunakan media sosial (Rajah 2), Twitter, Facebook, dan YouTube)

kebanyakannya untuk tujuan komunikasi awam, sokongan, pengumpulan dana, dan penglibatan

masyarakat. Manakala dalam domain pengurusan bencana, media sosial digunakan untuk mengumpul

maklumat daripada pertubuhan kemanusiaan yang lain dan agensi kerajaan yang berkaitan dengan

kecemasan. Organisasi juga menggunakan media sosial untuk berkongsi maklumat tentang amaran

awal sebelum bencana dan menghantar kemas kini situasi semasa bencana. Menurut Cross, A. R. E.

D. (2015) lagi, melalui 17 responden organisasi yang menjawab survey,16 menyatakan telah

menggunakan media sosial. Hasil kajian menunjukkan Facebook, Twitter dan YouTube adalah tiga

yang paling popular laman web media sosial yang digunakan oleh pertubuhan-pertubuhan RC / RC di

rantau Asia Pasifik.

Rajah 1: Kekerapan penggunaan media sosial oleh 16 organisasi di Singapura. Sumber: Research

Internet Singapore Centre

Lima ciri-ciri penting yang dimiliki oleh media sosial iaitu kolektif, relevan, kesempurnaan, kejelasan

dan kerjasama merupakan tarikan yang menyokong fungsinya dalam pengurusan krisis bencana.

Sehubungan itu, adalah penting untuk memperkasakan peranan media sosial di semua fasa

pengurusan bencana terutamanya fasa kesediaan menghadapi bencana bagi mengurangkan risiko dan

impak terhadap negara keseluruhannya.



Rujukan

ADRC Country Report 2008 & 2006, Retrieved from www.adrc.asia.com on November 2, 2015.

Cross, A. R. E. D. (2015). State Of Social Media Technologies For Disaster Preparedness In Asia

Pacific Region.

Dorasamy .M. (2010). Disaster Preparedness in Malaysia : An Exploratory Study Multimedia

University Faculty of Administrative Science & Policy Studies , 19–30. doi:1790-2769

Magiswary, D., Murali, R., Saravanan, M., & Maniam, K. (2010). Ict And Disaster Preparedness In

Malaysia: An Exploratory Study. Wseas Transactions On Information Science And

Applications, 7(5), 735–748.

Manso, M., & Manso, B. (2013). The Role Of Social Media In Crisis. 17th Iccrts - Operationalizing

C2 Agility, 93–107. Doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-407191-9.00009-0

Mistilis, N. & Sheldon, P. (2005). Knowledge Management For Tourism Crises And Disasters,

Tourism Review International Issues, 10, 1/2 , 39-46.

Murphy, T. and Jennex, M.E.(2006). Knowledge Management, Emergency Response, and Hurricane

Katrina, International Journal ofIntelligent Control Systems, 11(4), pp. 199-208.

NIMS Community. USA. Retrieved on November 2, 2015 from http://www.nimsonline.com/.

United Nations Development Programme. (2007). Asia-Pacific Development Information

Programme (UNDP-APDIP) and Asian and Pacific Training Centre for Information and

Communication Technology for Development (APCICT).

Wattegama, C. (2007). ICT ICT for disaster management. United Nations Development programme –

Asia- Pacific Development Information Programme (UNDP-APDIP) and Asian and Pacific

Training Centre for Information and Communication Technology for Development (APCICT)

– 2007, Thailand: Keen Media (Thailand) Co., Ltd.



P-13

KAJIAN SIMULASI GEGARAN GEMPA BUMI KE ATAS KEKUATAN BATUAN DI

KAWASAN RANAU-KUNDASANG, SABAH

Hennie Fitria Wulandary Soehady Erfen* & Baba Musta

Program Geologi, Fakulti Sains dan Sumber Alam, Universiti Malaysia Sabah,

Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah

Emel: [email protected]

ABSTRAK. Gegaran gempa bumi berukuran 5.9 skala Richter yang berlaku di Ranau, Sabah telah

menyebabkan banyak jatuhan batuan dan tanah runtuh di kawasan sekitarnya. Gegaran susulan yang

diterima hingga kini telah melebihi 200 kali yang secara tidak langsung melemahkan satah kegagalan

sedia ada yang telah dihasilkan semasa gegaran awal diterima. Oleh itu, kajian ini dilakukan bagi

mengenalpasti kesan kekuatan gegaran gempa pada pelbagai skala Richter ke atas kekuatan batuan

dari kawasan kejadian iaitu Ranau-Kundasang, Sabah. Magnitud 5.9 SR dijadikan skala piawai atau

kawalan bagi melihat perbezaan gegaran gempa ke atas sifat kejuruteraan batuan. Kajian akan

dijalankan pada magnitud 4.5 SR sehingga 8.5 SR ke atas unit batuan Gravel Pinosouk dan batuan

ultrabes di kawasan kajian. Gravel pinosouk dipilih bagi menentukan kekuatan pengikatan batuan

pada bahan penyimen manakala batuan ultrabes melihat kepada kecenderungan kegagalan batuan

pada satah ketakselanjaran yang hadir. Kajian terdahulu menunjukkan simulasi numerikal antara

proses gempa bumi dan kegagalan batuan adalah berkait rapat dengan kadar tekanan tinggi yang

menjurus kepada retakan rapuh pada batuan utuh bersama sifat ketakselanjaran pada satah sesar sedia

ada. Skala dan masa seismik adalah bergantung kepada perlepasan jumlah tenaga daripada gempa

bumi. Tenaga yang berbeza dilepaskan memberikan kesan berlainan ke atas isipadu batuan. Tenaga

dikira melalui rumus Tenaga = (Masa) / 20,000 di dalam unit dain-sm dan tenaga diukur dalam unit

ergs. Perkaitan juga boleh dilihat di mana log ES (tenaga) = 11.8 + 1.5 M (iaitu jumlah magnitud yang

diterima). Penggunaan rumus-rumus ini dapat menggambarkan tenaga yang dilepaskan semasa gempa

bumi untuk disimulasikan kepada jasad batuan yang mempunyai satah ketakselanjaran sedia ada

seperti struktur kekar, sesar dan retakan bagi menilai sifat kekuatannya. Struktur ketakselanjaran

mengambilkira faktor panjang, saiz, intensiti dan dominasi struktur ketakselanjaran telah

menyediakan satah kegagalan yang diburukkan lagi dengan kesan gegaran menghasilkan jatuhan

batuan dan tanah runtuh. Melalui kajian ini, tenaga gempa akan disimulasikan dan ditindakkan ke atas

batuan bagi melihat kesannya pada sifat kekuatan melalui Ujian Ricih Terus dan Ujian Kekuatan

Tripaksi. Langkah mitigasi akan dicadangkan dengan memastikan bahan yang digunakan untuk

penstabilan haruslah lebih kuat berbanding bahan induk sekitar kawasan kajian.




W-01

PLATE TECTONICS AND SEISMIC ACTIVITIES IN SABAH AREA

Kueihsiang Cheng, Ph.D.

Dean of Academic Affairs

KaoYuan University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

ABSTRACT. In recent years, the increasing and strengthening earthquake activities in Sunda-Java

Trench at Sumatra segment, it has resulted in the smaller plate jams in inner arc of Bormeo State as

well as in the north of Sabah. It has also caused the enhanced effects of seismic activity. It is particular

to the northwest - southeast trending active faults of north-west segment in Sabah, as to the town of

Kunda sang, Ranau County area. This is the cause of plate jams which caused Ranau ML 5.9

earthquake on June 5, 2015. In fact, for the past five years, five earthquakes have occurred in Ranau

region. For example, in 1976, the Lahad Datu ML6.2 earthquake was the strongest earthquake since

1897. The Sabah eastern region of the earthquake cycle is longer, but the quake is larger, the Ricter

scale six earthquake seismic recording is about one hundred years once. Taiwan's Central Weather

Bureau (CWB) has set up a "seismology center" to build up instant seismic monitoring network. It can

give earthquake quick report within 60 seconds, and three minutes immediate warning. Also, the

"National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction" (NCDR) can draw potential hazard

map and integrate all disaster prevention map data. Such a decentralized operational framework can

also be used in Sabah as a reference.

KEYWORDS. Plate Jams, Sumatra segment, disaster prevention map



W-02

EARTHQUAKE EARLY WARNING AND INSTRUMENTATION

Yen-Chun Reid Chen

Section Head, Sanlien Tech. Corp., Taiwan

ABSTRACT. Earthquake early warning (EEW) was booming in late 1990s after a severe ML7.3

earthquake hit Taiwan, killed more than 2500 people and cost a loss of 12 billion US Dollars to the

society. We, San Lien Technology Corp., have devoted into seismic instrumentation for over 20 years.

From 2006, we began to cooperate with seismologists and professors to develop the first and only low

cost network accelerometer embedded with P-wave displacement technology for EEW. Professor Wu

spent five years in discovering the mysterious information P waves had carried from 800+ earthquake

records worldwide. He found whenever the faster P-wave moves vertically over 0.5 cm, the upcoming

slower S waves would carry destructive energy. His research results have been seen in various

scientific publications and conferences. The network accelerometer, P-alert, is a palm-size and metal-

made tri-axial sensor. It provides P-wave EEW, PGA and STA/LTA algorithms. In addition, its

Modbus industrial protocol easily makes integration of applications accessible. Thus, P-alert is ideal

for mass deployment of a regional earthquake monitoring; moreover, it plays a critical role in a local

on-site EEW system which is able to issue warnings or convey signals to attached devices for

emergency stops. Earthquakes are not predictable but we can minimize damages by using EEW

technology. We wish the session brings attendees a fresh idea of earthquake monitoring and early

warning.

KEYWORDS. EEW, seismic instrumentation, P-wave



W-03

THE INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC DESIGN IN TAIWAN

Jiunn-Yin Tsay , PE, Ph.D.

Chairman, Tsay Structural Consultant

ABSTRACT. This paper presents the development of seismic design in Taiwan and current seismic

design code for buildings and bridges, which was issued in 2005 and 2008 respectively. The seismic

design requirements reflect the experience obtained from 1999 Chi-chi earthquake, and three levels of

seismic force are considered in the code. For the design level with a return period of 475 years, the

design spectral response acceleration can be developed for general sites, near-fault sites and Taipei

Basin. In addition, in order to avoid the collapse of buildings and bridges during the extremely large

earthquake and the yield of structural components and elements during the frequently small

earthquakes, the required seismic demands at maximum considered earthquake level (MCE, 2%/50

years) and operational level are also included in the new seismic design code. Both static and dynamic

analysis procedures are specified in the new seismic design code.

KEYWORDS. seismic design, buildings, bridges, static and dynamic analysis



W-04

AUTOMATED E-PLAN-CHECK & COMPLIANCE SYSTEM

Eddy Chen, P.E CEng

novaCITYNETS Pte Ltd, Vice President

ABSTRACT. The traditional process of building plans submission and approval is laborious and

often fraught with challenges due to the huge number of building by-laws, sometimes cryptic

interpretations of the regulations and the need for trained experts to decipher the layers of information

contained in the plans. Thus, it is no surprise when oversights are common and seeking final approval

is usually a protracted journey. In light of public expectations and accelerated development, approving

authorities can no longer depend on manual methods but instead rely on technology to improve on

efficiency. Using BIM and Information Technology, novaCITYNETS develops an e-plan-Check

Compliance System that will automate the checking of building plan regulatory compliance submitted

to the any municipality or government agency, a move that promises to revolutionize the construction

industry. It is a portal-based system that complements the permitting process for the purpose of a

comprehensive automated plans review. It ensures unified, co-ordinated and integrated approach in

dealing with the process of building plan reviews for approving officers. Not only does the platform

enforce consistent in interpretation of building codes as well as transparency in the approval process

but Make possible a consolidated and holistic view of each submission; assisting in better decision-

making and approval process

KEYWORDS. building plans submission, building plan regulatory, BIM



W-05

BIM APPLICATION IN CRITICAL BUILDING

Dr. Charles Lin, P.E.

Associate Professor, Kao Yuan University

ABSTRACT. The BIM application is getting popular in engineering application although it is not

cheap. However, the cost/performance of BIM application does not reach the desired goal because of

lack of recognized guideline, particular in earthquake domains. Therefore, to develop the

collaboration guideline for BIM and earthquake is needed. This paper will focus on BIM to Field. The

IFC information exchanges between design and construction phase should be 100% matched to make

sure earthquake resistance of a building as per design. Indeed, Construction Operation Building

information exchanges (COBie) should be carried out. Finally, the government grants are important to

promote this kind of research. Most importantly, the ultimate beneficiaries are the quality of public

works.

From the industry side and the government point of view, the paper has four innovative and values as

follows:

① Understanding the requirements and its operations of information exchanges between design and

construction phase. These operations should include the standard Formatted IFC as well as BIM to

Field environment.

② Based upon the required operations, the draft of COBie guideline co-relative to earthquake to be

studied.

③ Setting demonstration for BIM to Field operations and the standard Formatted IFC application to

improve construction quality to against earthquake.

④ Holding a forward-looking workshop and seminar to in-depth discussion how to reduce the risk of

critical building.

KEYWORDS. BIM, IFC, earthquake, critical building

kementerian pelancongan, kebudayaan dan alam sekitar sabah · sebagai mengenang budi dan jasa saya...

Documents