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INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS

Zainal Abidin

Bandar Lampung, 17 June 2012


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to contact me !Email :zay.abidin@ gmail.com

Facebook :

http://www.facebook.com/zainalabidin.mustofa

Mobile phone: +62-85768893129(only use for emergency)


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power of ten
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/youtube%20-%20powers%20of%2010.avihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/youtube%20-%20powers%20of%2010.avi


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Why study physics?


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Map of tectonic plate

Source : usgs

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CHAPTER 1:

PHYSICAL QUANTITIESAND

MEASUREMENTS


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Unitis defined as a standard size of measurement of physical

quantities.

Examples :

1 secondis defined as the time required for 9,192,631,770

vibrations of radiation emitted by a caesium-133 atom.

1 kilogramis defined as the mass of a platinum-iridium

cylinder kept at International Bureau of Weights and

Measures Paris. 1 meter is defined as the length of the path travelled by light

in vacuum during a time interval of

s

,, 458792299

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o

o

o

57.296180rad1

180rad

The unit of basic quantity is called base unit

addition unit for base unit:

unit of plane angle - radian (rd)

unit of solid angle- steradian (sr)

The common system of units used today are S.I unit (System

Internat ional/metr ic system)and cgs unit - UK.

The unit of derived quantity called derived unit

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It is used for presenting larger and smaller values.

Table 1.3 shows all the unit prefixes.

Examples:

2700000 m = 2700 km = 2.7 Mm

0.00000476 s = 4.76 x 10-6s = 4.76 s

Prefix Value Symbol

tera 1012 T

giga 109 G

mega 106 M

kilo 103 k

deci 10-1 d

centi 10-2 c

milli 10-3 m

micro 10-6

nano 10-9 n

pico 10-12 p

1.1.1 Unit Prefixes

Table 1.3

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Table 1.4 shows the conversion factors between SI and British units for

length and mass only.

1.1.2 Conversion of Unit

Length Mass

1 m = 39.37 in = 3.281 ft 1 kg = 103 g

1 in = 2.54 cm 1 slug = 14.59 kg

1 km = 0.621 mi 1 lb = 0.453 592 kg

1 mi = 5280 ft = 1.609 km 1 kg = 0.0685 slug

1 angstrom () = 10-10m

Table 1.4

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Dimension is defined as a technique or method which the physical

quantitycan be expressed in terms of combination of basicquantities.

It can be written as

[physical quantity or its symbol] Table 1.5 shows the dimension of basic quantities.

1.1.3 Dimensional Analysis

[Basic Quantity] Symbol Unit

[mass] or [m] M kg

[length] or [l] L m

[time] or [t] T s

[electric current] or [I] A @ I A

[temperature] or [T] K

[amount of substance]

or [N]N mole

Table 1.5

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Dimension can be treated as algebraic quantities through the

procedure called dimensional analysis.

The uses of dimensional analysis are to determine the unit of the physical quantity.

to determine whether a physical equation is correct or not

dimensionally by using the principle of homogeneity.

to derive a physical equation.

Note:

Dimension of dimensionless constant is 1,

e.g. [2] = 1, [refractive index] = 1 Dimensions cannot be added or subtracted.

The validity of an equation cannot determined by dimensional

analysis.

The validity of an equation can only be determined by experiment

Dimension on the L.H.S. = Dimension on the R.H.S

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