keberkatan dalam perniagaan: menjana keutuhan keusahawanan dan kepenggunaan islam

8/8/2019 Keberkatan dalam Perniagaan: Menjana Keutuhan Keusahawanan dan Kepenggunaan Islam

1/18

Xagck`~ Laqx`m`v`k`k Cxj`g CC Ta~ckfl`r Lan`kfx``k

0

Lana~l`r`k b`j`g Ta~kc`f``k? Gako`k` Laqrqm`k

Laqx`m`v`k`k b`k Latakffqk``k Cxj`g

^ix M`x~c @mg`b* Xcrc G`xk`m X`~ckf`r* Kii~ @z~ck _`ckqbbck b`kN`x`~qbbck Xm`m N`x~c

@nxr~`l

Nax`~ks` xqgn`kf`k ta~kc`f``k b`j`g lamcbqt`k xai~`kf gqxjcg

raj`m bcks`r`l`k ijam ^`xqjqjj`m x+`+v+ b`j`g m`bcxks` s`kf

bc~cv`s`rl`k ijam Nqlm`~c na~g`lxqb? Bcbi~ikf `r`x l`gq `b`j`m

ta~kc`f``k la~`k` bc b`j`gks` c`j`m xagncj`k ta~xatqjqm b`~ct`b`

~azalc+ Laxqkffqm`k qkrql gakf`j`ll`k qg`r Cxj`g gaksa~r`c ncb`kf

ta~kc`f``k ckc raj`m bcral`kl`k b`j`g xq~`m `j'Oqgq`m `s`r 043 s`kf

na~g`lxqb? @t`ncj` raj`m bcrqk`cl`k xagn`ms`kf -t`b` m`~c Oqg``r#

g`l` na~ran`~j`m l`gq bcgql` nqgc* b`k h`~cj`m lq~kc` @jj`m b`k

ckf`rj`m @jj`m n`ks`l'n`ks`l xqt`s` l`gq na~qkrqkf+ Ncb`kf

ta~kc`f``k `r`q gq`g`j`r ckc tqj` xah`~` qgqgks` gajcn`rl`k bq`

`xtal s`kf ta~r`g` mqnqkf`k ga~al` s`kf ra~jcn`r b`j`g ncb`kf ckc

bakf`k takhctr`ks` -m`njqggck`jj`m# b`j`g gakh`~c n`j`x`k s`kf n`clbc `lmc~`r bc `r`x `g`j`k ta~kc`f``k s`kf oqoq~ b`k `g`k`m xav`lrq

ga~al` mcbqt bc bqkc`+ Mqnqkf`k xax`g` ckx`k -m`njqggck`kk`x# tqj`

gajcn`rl`k takc`f` na~lak``k gakh`~c f`ko`~`k laxak`kf`k bc bqkc`

gaj`jqc gaksagtq~k`l`k lata~jq`k g`kqxc` bc xalajcjckfks` b`k b`j`g

g`x` s`kf x`g` gakb`t`r laqkrqkf`k b`j`g nakrql lanakb``k qkrql

gakfcxc lata~jq`k lamcbqt`k xam`~c`k+ T`b` lanc`x``kks` `t`ncj`

na~nch`~` gakfak`c ta~kc`f``k nc`x`ks` takqgtq`k bcna~cl`k lat`b`

lag`gtq`k ckbcucbq qkrql gako`k` laqkrqkf`k na~ra~`xl`k lat`b`

`xtal lanakb``k b`k labqkc``k+ Lackfck`k qkrql gaksa~r`c lafc`r`k ckc

tqj` bcbi~ikf ijam tajq`kf qkrql gagta~ijamc lal`s``k s`kf jancm

na~n`kbckf ncb`kf j`ck+ Bi~ikf`k ckc `b`l`j`ks` g`gtq gakf`nq~cg`r` b`k eclc~`k ckx`k gaksan`nl`k ga~al` x`kffqt gaj`lql`k `t`

x`m`o` r`kt` gakfc~` m`j`j b`k m`~`g+ Bc xckc ra~jar`lks` cxrcj`m s`kf

bck`g`l`k lana~l`r`k* c`ks` rcb`l b`t`r bcoaj`xl`k k`gqk lcr` b`t`r

ga~`x`cks` b`k lcr` gakfar`mqc n`m`v` `t` s`kf lcr` ta~ijamc

b`~ct`b` `lrcucrc ta~kc`f``k ra~xanqr bcna~cl`k lana~l`r`k `r`qtqk

bcxan`jclks` b`~ct`b` @jj`m x+v+r+


2/18


>

0+4 Takb`mqjq`k

G`kqxc` bc`kqfa~`ml`k lackfck`k s`kf tajn`f`c k`gqk lag`gtq`k b`~c

xqbqr rak`f` b`k g`x` gako`bc n`r`x`k ra~m`b`t ta~l`~` s`kf

bcckfckcks` rcb`l b`t`r bctakqmc+ Gaksab`~c lara~n`r`x`k ckc g`l`

ta~kc`f``k gako`bc gab`k qkrql gaksagtq~k`l`k lackfck`k ra~xanqr

-Gqxrè` B`qb* 0331#+

Gakq~qr N`~ois`c N`~b`c b`k Gimb E`c~qz Gb X`jjam -033=# xan`f`c

xai~`kf gqxjcg lcr` ta~jq gajcm`r ta~kc`f``k crq xan`f`c x`rq `g`k`m

n`fc gagq`xl`k m`rc lamakb`l takffqk`+ Ocl` bc b`j`g m`rc lcr`

gagtqks`c xce`r na~r`kffqkfo`v`n g`l` gcxc mcbqt lcr` gako`bc `g`r

oaj`x+ Lcr` nijam gajar`ll`k qx`m` b`j`g ncb`kf ta~kc`f``k xan`f c

cn`b`m qkrql lamcbqt`k bc bqkc` b`k oqf` xan`f`c taj`nq~`k qkrql m`~c

`lmc~`r+

Qkrql gajcn`rl`k bc~c b`j`g ta~kc`f``k* kc`r gako`bc `x`x b`j`g

gaj`lql`k xaxq`rq tala~o``k bc g`k` c`ks` gaxrc bcgqj`l`k bakf`k kc`r

s`kf n`cl `f`~ b`t`r gakfm`xcjl`k k`rco`m s`kf n`cl bc takfmqoqkfks`+

Xaxqkffqmks` @jj`m x+v+r+ `l`k gajar`ll`k labqbql`k s`kf rckffc xa~r`lagqjc``k lat`b` ga~al` s`kf gajcn`rl`k bc~c b`j`g ta~kc`f``k

xalc~`ks` ga~al` na~r`lv`* oqoq~ b`k `g`k`m b`j`g `g`j`k

ta~kc`f``kks` -O`è`~ X`jjam* >440#+

>+4 Ta~kc`f``k

T`b` lanc`x``kks` ncb`kf ta~kc`f``k ckc bcl`crl`k lag`gtq`k qkrql

gako`bc l`s` gaj`jqc rckb`l`k na~qx`m` xakbc~c r`kt` na~f`krqkf lat`b`

i~`kf j`ck qkrql gakb`t`rl`k fòc nqj`k`k+ N`j`x`k b`~ct`b` xcl`t

na~bcl`~c ckc bck`g`l`k xan`f`c laqkrqkf`k m`xcj b`~ct`b` t~ixax

oq`jnajc s`kf bcj`lql`k bakf`k taj`kff`k+


3/18


8

Gajcn`rl`k bc~c b`j`g ncb`kf ta~kc`f``k oqf` gaga~jql`k ckbcucbq

na~lak``k na~xabc` qkrql na~m`b`t`k bakf`k h`n`~`kks`+ ^cxcli

b`~ct`b` rckb`l`k gajcn`rl`k bc~c b`j`g ncb`kf ckc `b`j`m x`g` `b`

na~o`s` `r`qtqk f`f`j+ Ocl` na~o`s` c` `l`k gagta~ijamc laqkrqkf`k

xan`jclks` ocl` f`f`j g`l` ckbcucbq na~lak``k ta~jq gak`kffqkf

la~qfc`k+

@nq N`l`~ M`gab ar+ `j+ -0335# gakoaj`xl`k n`m`v` lao`s``k ga~al`

s`kf gajcn`rl`k bc~c b`j`g ta~kc`f``k ckc nql`kj`m nijam bcta~ijamc

xah`~` gqb`m b`k rcn`'rcn`* xan`jclks` c` gaga~jql`k laxqkffqm`k

na~xa~r` gircu`xc b`k bcxctjck bc~c s`kf rckffc+ Takc`f` ta~jq gakh`~c

xan`ks`l gqkflck takf`j`g`k bc b`j`g ncb`kf ckc b`k xakrc`x` na~qx`m`

qkrql gajakfl`tl`k bc~c bakf`k cjgq takfq~qx`k ta~kc`f``k+

B`j`g ta~kc`f``k nc`x`ks` ra~bc~c b`~ct`b` bq` tcm`l c`crq

takc`f`)takoq`j b`k taj`kff`k)tagnajc+ Takc`f` `l`k gagnajc b`k

gakoq`j n`~`kf`k `r`q ta~lmcbg`r`k bakf`k rqoq`k qkrql gakb`t`r

laqkrqkf`k+ Qkrql crq laqkrqkf`k s`kf bcta~ijamcks` ta~jq na~t`rqr`k

bakf`k gib`j s`kf raj`m bclajq`~l`k ijam takc`f` -_`cb`rij @lg`jc`m

Jita Tcmca b`k M`ncn`m Ajc`x* 0336#+

G`bq~` ->446# tqj` na~takb`t`r n`m`v` ta~kc`f``k bcrqnqml`k

na~rqoq`k qkrql gagakqmc lamakb`l taj`kff`k bakf`k gak`v`~l`k

t~ibql `r`q ta~lmcbg`r`k+ Takfqx`m` ta~jq hal`t qkrql gajcm`r tajq`kf

s`kf `b` bakf`k gaksabc`l`k t~ibql `r`q ta~lmcbg`r`k s`kf najqg

bclajq`~l`k ijam ec~g` j`ck+ Bctcm`l takfqx`m`* laqkrqkf`k `b`j`m

f`ko`~`k lat`b` qx`m` s`kf raj`m bchq~`ml`k qkrql gagakqmc lamakb`l

b`k lag`mq`k t`~` taj`kff`kks`+

T`kb`kf`k s`kf m`gtc~ xa~qt` oqf` raj`m bcx`~`k ijam @nq N`l`~ M`gab

ar+ `j+ -0335# bc g`k` ta~kc`f``k ga~qt`l`k xan`~`kf `lrcucrc s`kf

bco`j`kl`k qkrql gagq`xl`k lata~jq`k b`k lamakb`l taj`kff`k bakf`k


4/18


2

gaksabc`l`k n`~`kf`k `r`q ta~lmcbg`r`k s`kf gajcn`rl`k ta~rql`~`k

kcj`c n`fc gakb`t`rl`k laqkrqkf`k+

Laxcgtqj`k s`kf nijam bc~`kflqgl`k bc xckc na~l`cr`k ta~kc`f``k

`b`j`m c`ks` gajcn`rl`k mqnqkf`k bc `kr`~` takoq`j b`k tagnajc bc g`k`

mqnqkf`k ckc na~j`kfxqkf gaj`jqc x`rq t~ixax s`kf bck`g`l`k xan`f`c

oq`jnajc+ Gaj`jqc t~ixax oq`najc ckc* tcm`l tagnajc b`t`r gagakqmc

lata~jq`k xam`~c`kks` g`k`l`j` tcm`l takoq`j tqj` `l`k gagta~ijamc

laqkrqkf`k+

8+4 G`rj`g`r Ta~kc`f``k

Gakq~qr Gaffckxik ar+ `j+ ->445#* ra~b`t`r agt`r e`lri~ s`kf gako`bc

g`rj`g`r n`fc ckbcucbq gakhanq~c ncb`kf ta~kc`f``k c`crq ckfck

gakh`t`c lanan`x`k* gagta~ijamc takb`t`r`k s`kf jancm nax`~*

gaksabc`l`k tajq`kf tala~o``k `r`qtqk gaksabc`l`k

n`~`kf`k)ta~lmcbg`r`k s`kf rcb`l bc r`v`~l`k ijam g`k`'g`k` tcm`l+

Jikfakahla~ ar+ `j+ ->445# gakaf`xl`k n`m`v`* takfjcn`r`k ckbcucbq

b`j`g ncb`kf ta~kc`f``k bcxan`nl`k ijam f`ko`~`k s`kf n`l`j bcra~cg`

b`~c xqbqr latq`x`k ta~cn`bc bc g`k` ta~kc`f``k g`gtq gako`k`

laqkrqkf`k s`kf na~jct`r l`jc f`kb`* nan`x gagnq`r xaf`j` latqrqx`k

la~`k` lcr` ga~qt`l`k tagcjcl ta~kc`f``k na~lak``k na~n`kbckf bakf`k

nala~o` g`l`k f`oc* gakclg`rc latq`x`k xah`~` ta~cn`bc la~`k` xaf`j`

s`kf bcqx`m`l`k `l`k gako`bc gcjcl xakbc~c b`k `lmc~ks` latq`x`k b`~c

xqbqr gagna~cl`k ta~lmcbg`r`k s`kf ra~n`cl lat`b` g`xs`~`l`r+

Nafcrq oqf` bakf`k _cga~a~a~ b`k Xh`~ni~iqfm -033=# s`kf

na~t`kb`kf`k n`m`v`* ga~al` s`kf gakhanq~c ncb`kf ta~kc`f``k ckc

`l`k g`gtq gakh`t`c g`rj`g`r s`kf bcckfckc b`j`g lamcbqt`k+ Bc

`kr`~`ks` `b`j`m g`gtq qkrql gakf`v`j o`j`k mcbqt xakbc~c* nijam

gakhctr` ta~naz``k na~n`kbckf bakf`k i~`kf j`ck* na~qt`s`

gakffqk`l`k tirakxc bc~c bakf`k xatakqmks`* na~tajq`kf gakf`qr


5/18


1

laqkrqkf`k xan`ks`l s`kf gqkflck* na~tajq`kf gaksqgn`kf lat`b`

g`xs`~`l`r b`k b`j`g g`x` s`kf x`g` ga~al` `l`k gakfm`~f`c

xqgn`kf`k ra~xanqr b`k `lmc~ xal`jc lcr` nijam gaj`lx`k`l`k ta~l`~`

s`kf lcr` xql` b`j`g mcbqt ckc+

_`m`~qbbck S`ms` -0331# na~takb`t`r gakhanq~c ncb`kf ta~kc`f``k

b`t`r gagn`krq ckbcucbq ga~a`jcx`xcl`k xaf`j` cgtc`kks`* ga~ckf`kl`k

nan`k`k tcm`l j`ck* b`t`r gaksqgn`kf lat`b` `f`g`* n`kfx` b`k

kaf`~`+ Xaj`ck b`~c crq oqf`* xan`f`c tagnck` agt`s`~ ta~kc`f``k s`kf

nijam bcv`~cxl`k lat`b` larq~qk`kks`+

Girce xaxai~`kf s`kf ra~jcn`r b`j`g ta~kc`f``k gakq~qr V`k Jcz Izg`k

V`k Ig`~ b`k Xqjz`~c Gim`gab ->44># gako`bc e`lri~ takbi~ikf

lat`b` ckbucbq na~lak``k gakhanq~c ncb`kf ta~kc`f``k+ T`b` lanc`x``k

ckbcucbq ckc ckfck gakh`~c latq`x`k ta~cn`bc* gakckfl`rl`k r`~`e xixc`j*

gakf`v`j k`xcn bc~c b`k tqj`kf`k laqkrqkf`k s`kf jqg`s`k xan`f`c

g`rj`g`r ga~al` gakhanq~c ncb`kf ta~kc`f``k+ K`gqk nafcrq* latq`x`k

ta~cn`bc ckc ta~jq bcxacgn`kfl`k bakf`k lata~jq`k la~im`kc`k `f`~

ckbcucbq na~lak``k rcb`l nikfl`l* jqt` bc~c b`k r`lnq~ `t`ncj` bcna~cl`k

lal`s``k s`kf na~jct`r f`kb` ijam @jj`m x+v+r+

Gakq~qr t`kb`kf`k _`m`~qbbck S`ms` -0331# n`fc xai~`kf gqxjcg `t`

oq` tala~o``k s`kf bcj`lql`k qkrql gakb`t`rl`k ~azalc s`kf m j`j g`l`

c`ks` bc`kff`t xan`f`c cn`b`m b`k `l`k bcna~cl`k f`ko`~`k t`m`j` ijam

@jj`m x+v+r+ Xarc`t cn`b`m gaxrcj`m na~ra~`xl`k lackfck`k qkrql

gakb`t`rl`k laqkrqkf`k s`kf `n`bc+ Laqkrqkf`k `n`bc ckc bc~qoql

lat`b` qx`m` qkrql gakh`~c la~abm``k @jj`m n`fc laxagtq~k``k

lamcbqt`k bc bqkc` b`k lan`m`fc`k s`kf lal`j bc `lmc~`r+

Xah`~` qgqgks`* V`k Gimb K`zce b`k E`zcj`m Cn~`mcg ->441# raj`m

ga~qgqxl`k n`m`v` bakf`k gajcn`rl`k bc~c b`j`g ta~kc`f``k* ckbcucbq

ra~xanqr nijam ga~a`jcx`xcl`k g`rj`g`rks` qkrql gako`bc nix lat`b`


6/18


5

bc~c xakbc~c r`kt` gaka~cg` `~`m`k b`~c i~`kf j`ck* gakfq~qxl`k g`x`

gakfclqr laxaxqc`k bc~c* gagna~cl`k ligcrgak xa~r` nala~o` la~`x qkrql

bc~c xakbc~c* g`gtq qkrql gakb`t`rl`k takb`t`r`k s`kf jancm

na~n`kbckf g`l`k fòc b`k na~tajq`kf qkrql gagta~ijamc xaxq`rq b`~c

tajq`kf b`k h`n`~`k s`kf `b` b`j`g ncb`kf ta~kc`f``k+

Ocl` bcjcm`r b`~c xqbqr Cxj`g tqj`* rc`b` xq`rq larar`t`k s`kf lmqxqx

qkrql qg`rks` gakhanq~c ncb`kf s`kf ra~rakrq n`fc gagakqmc g`rj`g`r

mcbqtks`+ K`gqk nafcrq xaf`j` s`kf bcj`lx`k`l`k ta~jq gag`rqmc

t~ckxct qgqg lamcbqt`k lcr` xan`f`c xai~`kf gqxjcg c`crq xaf`j` `lrcucrc

tala~o``k s`kf bcj`lx`k`l`k rcb`l xag`r`'g`r` gakh`~c eàb`m

lanakb``k b`k labqkc``k+ Xan`jclks` lcr` ta~jq gakf`gncj lc~` `t`l`m

tala~o``k s`kf lcr` j`lx`k`l`k crq b`t`r gako`bc cn`b`m s`kf nijam

gagna~cl`k t`m`j` qkrql lamcbqt`k bc `lmc~`r laj`l+ Ckc raj`m

bcta~oaj`xl`k b`j`g Xq~`m `r'R`qn`m `s`r 041 s`kf na~g`lxqb?

Nala~o`j`m* k`krc @jj`m b`k ^`xqj xa~r` i~`kf gqlgck `l`k gajcm`r

-gakcj`c# `t` s`kf l`qg la~o`l`k+

2+4 T~ckxct Ta~kc`f``k b`j`g Cxj`g

T~ckxct qr`g` b`j`g ta~kc`f``k gakq~qr ta~xtalrce Cxj`g s`kf ta~jq

bct`rqmc ijam qx`m`v`k gqxjcg c`j`m ta~kc`f``k s`kf bchanq~c `b`j`m

m`j`j bc g`k` c`ks` rcb`l na~rakr`kf`k bakf`k mqlqg Cxj`g+ C`ks` rcb`l

na~h`kff`m bakf`k lamakb`l `f`g` b`k gakb`t`r la~abm``k @jj`m

x+v+r+ G`lxqb rcb`l na~h`kff`m bakf`k lamakb`l `f`g` ga~qoql lat`b`

ta~kc`f``k m`~`g xata~rc `~`l* oqbc* lmckzc~* ~cn`* g`lxc`r `r`q s`kf

ga~`fql`k -xsqnm`m# c`crq rcb`l b`t`r bct`xrcl`k m`j`j m`~`gks`

-Gqm`gg`b K`x~c Gb+ Mqxx`ck b`k Gqm`gg`b @mg`b ->445#+

Na~clqrks` `b`j`m nana~`t` t~ckxct s`kf raj`m bcf`~cxl`k ijam Gqxrè`

B`qb -0331# na~l`cr`k bakf`k q~qx`k ta~kc`f``k?


7/18


6

Lanan`x`k* bc g`k` rc`b` t`lx``k bclak`l`k b`j`g oq`j najc ra~xanqr b`k

ga~al` bcna~cl`k ragtim g`x` qkrql gagcjcm n`fc gaka~qxl`k `r`q

gagn`r`jl`k xaxq`rq q~qxkc`f`+ G`k`l`j` lanan`x`k qkrql gakh`~c

laqkrqkf`k labqkc``k xag`r`'g`r` `g`r bcraf`m bc b`j`g Cxj`g b`k ckc

raj`m bcra~`kfl`k b`j`g Xq~`m `jc'Cg~`k `s`r 035 s`kf na~g`lxqb?

O`kf`k xal`jc'l`jc l`gq ra~tab`s` bakf`k lanan`x`k i~`kf'i~`kf

lèc~ na~fa~`l b`k laj`kh`~`k ga~al` gagnck` lagòq`k ta~b`f`kf`k

b`k ta~qx`m``k bc b`j`g kafa~c bc bqkc` ckc+ Xagq` crq m`ks`

laxak`kf`k xagakr`~`+ Lagqbc`k -bc `lmc~`r# ragt`r rckff`j ga~al` bc

b`j`g ka~`l` O`m`kk`g+

La~aj``k labq`'bq` tcm`l rq~qr gako`bc t~ckxct ta~kc`f``k b`j`g Cxj`g+

Ta~xarqoq`k b`~c xqbqr m`~f` s`kf bclak`l`k ijam takoq`j b`k la~aj``k

tagnajc qkrql gaka~cg` m`~f` na~lak``k `l`k b`t`r gakfmckb`~l`k

ga~al` b`~c xan`~`kf ta~raj`f`m`k bc g`x` m`b`t`k+ Ckc `b`j`m xaj`~`x

bakf`k ec~g`k @jj`m x+v+r+ b`j`g Xq~`m `k'Kcx` `s`r >3 s`kf

na~g`lxqb? O`kf`kj`m l`gq g`l`k m`xcj takb`t`r`k ta~kc`f``k s`kf

bcj`lql`k xah`~` x`j`m* lahq`jc c`ks` bcj`lql`k bakf`k la~abm``k

labq`'bq` tcm`l s`kf ra~n`ncr+

Xara~qxks` `b`j`m la`bcj`k bc b`j`g ta~kc`f``k* e`lri~ ckc `g`r takrckf

n`fc gako`gck mqnqkf`k n`cl bc `kr`~` takc`f` b`k taj`kff`k ra~qx

na~lal`j`k+ La`b``k ckc b`t`r bcvqoqbl`k xalc~`ks` labq`'bq` naj`m

tcm`l na~xce`r oqoq~* clmj`x b`k `g`k`m xav`lrq gaj`lx`k`l`k q~qx`k

ta~kc`f``k ra~xanqr+ ^`xqjqjj`m x+`+v+ na~x`nb` s`kf na~g`lxqb? Ncj`

g`k` bq` tcm`l -takoq`j b`k tagnajc# na~h`l`t nak`~ b`k na~ra~qx

ra~`kf* oq`j najc ckc `l`k bcna~l`rc* rar`tc ocl` ga~al` gaksagnqkscl`k

-xaxq`rq b`~c tcm`l j`ck# b`k gaj`lql`k tagnimikf`k* lana~l`r`k `l`k

ra~m`tqx b`~c oq`j najc ra~xanqr+

Cxj`g rq~qr gakfqr`g`l`k lanòcl`k b`j`g lamcbqt`k qg`rks` bc g`k`

ta~jckbqkf`k b`~c xan`~`kf nakrql takctq`k `r`q gikitijc b`j`g


8/18


=

ta~kc`f``k `g`r bcraf`m la~`k` c`ks` z`jcg b`k gakal`k laxao`mra~``k

g`xs`~`l`r+ Xan`~`kf nakrql takctq`k b`~c xqbqr xql`r`k* qlq~`k*

o`gck`k* la~ix`l`k b`k xan`f cks` `b`j`m ta~nq`r`k ra~lqrql b`k

n`j`x`k qkrql ga~al` s`kf gaj`lql`k ta~l`~` ckc raj`m bcta~oaj`xl`k

b`j`g Xq~`m `k'Kcx` `s`r 021 s`kf na~g`lxqb? Xaxqkffqmks` i~`kf

s`kf gqk`ecl -bcragt`rl`k# bc rckfl`r s`kf t`jckf n`v`m b`~c ka~`l`

b`k l`gq xal`jc'l`jc rcb`l `l`k gakb`t`r xai~`kf takijikf tqk n`fc

ga~al`+

Laxit`k`k b`j`g ta~kc`f``k tqj` `g`r bcf`j`ll`k ijam Cxj`g bc g`k`

mqnqkf`k s`kf n`cl* na~nqbc n`m`x`* na~rij`l `kxq~ b`k na~rcgn`kf ~`x`

`l`k gagna~cl`k ta~`x``k s`kf rak`kf b`k gakffagnc~`l`k n`fc

labq`'bq` tcm`l+ Ta~kc`f``k bc b`j`g Cxj`g nql`kj`m xal`b`~ t~ixax

ta~rql`~`k bc `kr`~` v`kf b`k n`~`kf xag`r`'g`r` xan`jclks` bc b`j`g

t~ixax ra~xanqr @jj`m x+v+r+ g`mql`k m`gn`ks` gagna~cl`k j`s`k`k

s`kf n`cl xax`g` ga~al` xata~rc b`j`g Xq~`m `j'N`p`~`m `s`r =8 s`kf

na~g`lxqb? B`k qh`tl`kj`m l`r`'l`r` s`kf gak`~cl lat`b` g`kqxc`

b`k na~nq`r n`clj`m la~`k` @jj`m gaksql`c i~`kf s`kf na~nq`r n`cl+

1+4 Cxq b`j`g Ta~kc`f``k

Gakq~qr O``e`~ X`jjam ->440# xq`rq tala~o``k s`kf n`cl gaxrc bcgqj`l`k

b`k bcj`lx`k`l`k bakf`k m`j s`kf n`cl xqt`s` gakfm`xcjl`k k`rco`m

s`kf n`cl+ M`lcl`r s`kf na~j`lq t`b` m`~c ckc lan`ks`l`k qg`r Cxj`g

s`kf gajcn`rl`k bc~c b`j`g `lrcucrc ta~kc`f``k nql`k bc `r`x bi~ikf`k

gakh`~c la~abm``k @jj`m x+v+r+ xan`jclks` jancm lat`b` gakh`~c

lal`s``k b`k laqkrqkf`k xag`r`'g`r`+

@t`ncj` lal`s``k bcjar`ll`k xan`f`c g`rj`g`r qr`g` b`j`g

gakfqx`m`l`k xaxanq`m ta~kc`f``k g`l` tajn`f`c h`~` `l`k bcfqk`l`k

ijam ckbcucbq na~lak``k r`kt` gakfc~` mqlqg b`k xs`~c`r s`kf raj`m

bcrar`tl`k ijam Cxj`g g`l` crq rcgnqj cxq'cxq bc n`v`m?


9/18


3

1+0 Gaksajckbqkfc La~ix`l`k

Bagc qkrql gakb`t`r laqkrqkf`k nana~`t` ta~l`~` s`kf xanak`~

na~l`cr`k bakf`k t~ibql s`kf bcr`v`~l`k raj`m bcxajckbqkfl`k ijam t`~`

takc`f`+ Rckb`l`k ckc gaksan`nl`k t`~` taj`kff`k ga~`x` bcrctq

bakf`k `t` s`kf bcr`v`~l`k ijam takc`f` la~`k` la~ix`l`k ra~xanqr

xakf`o` bcxajckbqkfl`k b`k bclax`k ijam tagnajc bclagqbc`k m`~c+

La`b``k ckc `lmc~ks` `l`k gakcgnqjl`k ~`x` rcb`l ~abm` b`k ra~rctq bc

m`rc taj`kff`k bc `r`x q~qxkc`f` s`kf raj`m bcj`lx`k`l`k+

1+> Gakfq~`kfc Rcgn`kf`k

@b` oqf` bc l`j`kf`k takc`f` s`kf xah`~` xakf`o` gakf`gncj

laxagt`r`k bakf`k h`~` gaj`lql`k takfqn`mxq`c`k la `r`x `j`r

rcgn`kf`k n`fc rqoq`k gakfq~`kfl`k na~`r n`m`k oq`j`kks`+ L`b`~

n`s`~`k tqj` bclak`l`k t`b` oqgj`m rcgn`kf`k s`kf xanak`~ rar`tc

lq`krcrc n`~`kf`k raj`m bclq~`kfl`k r`kt` takfar`mq`k taj`kff`k+

@t`ncj` lq`krcrc s`kf raj`m bclq~`kfl`k crq bclqgtqj* g`l` takc`f`

na~lak``k nijam gakoq`j n`fc gakff`kb`l`k laqkrqkf`k r`kt` gakfc~`

m`l t`~` taj`kff`kks`+

1+8 Gaksi~il N`~`kf`k

N`fc gak`cll`k m`~f` xaxq`rq n`~`kf`k* `b` xaxarakf`m takc`f` s`kf

x`kffqt gaksi~ill`k n`~`kf`k oq`j`k+ Rckb`l`k ckc na~rqoq`k qkrql

gagna~cl`k f`gn`~`k n`m`v` n`~`kf`k ra~xanqr lq~`kf bc t`x`~`k+

@t`ncj` t`~` taj`kff`k na~`x` xql`~ qkrql gakb`t`rl`k n`~`kf`k

ra~xanqr g`l` ga~al` `l`k x`kffqt qkrql gagn`s`~ jancm+ N`fc

gagna~cl`k ral`k`k lat`b` t`~` taj`kff`k g`l` n`~`kf s`kf bcxi~il

nc`x`ks` gajcn`rl`k n`~`kf`k lata~jq`k qr`g` b`j`g lamcbqt`k

g`xs`~`l`r na~lak``k xata~rc na~`x* fqj`* ratqkf* gcks`l g`x`l b`k

xan`f`cks`+


10/18


04

1+2 Gagnajc N`~`kf`k Hq~c

V`j`qtqk gaksab`~c gagnajc n`~`kf`k hq~c `b`j`m xq`rq lax`j`m`k n`cl

b`~c xqbqr `f`g` g`mqtqk qkb`kf'qkb`kf kaf`~`* k`gqk `b` takc`f`

s`kf x`kffqt gaj`lql`k lax`j`m`k b`k bix` bakf`k gagnajc n`~`kf`k

ra~xanqr+ Rckb`l`k ckc bcj`lql`k xag`r`'g`r` la~`k` takc`f` ckc r`mq

n`m`v` n`~`kf`k hq~c nijam bcnajc bakf`k m`~f` s`kf `g`r gq~`m b`k

lagqbc`k nijam bcoq`j t`b` m`~f` t`x`~`k xag`x` bagc qkrql gakf`qr

jancm n`ks`l laqkrqkf`k+

1+1 Gakfm`tqxl`k Takfajq`~`k s`kf Na~jancm`k

@b` oqf` takfqx`m` s`kf x`kffqt qkrql gakfal`jl`k m`~f` n`m`k

lajq`~`k xs`~cl`rks` bakf`k h`~` gajqtqxl`k n`m`k ra~xanqr+ R`kt`

gakf`gncjlc~` xce`r na~ta~clag`kqxc`k t`b` takfqx`m` s`kf x`kffqt

gagnqkqm m`cv`k ra~k`l`k xag`r`'g`r` rcb`l g`mq gak`kffqkf

la~qfc`k la~`k` lao`rqm`k m`~f` `t`ncj` ncj`kf`k s`kf bcr`v`~l`k jancm

n`ks`l b`~ct`b` ta~gckr``k s`kf `b` bc t`x`~`k+

1+5 Gagikitijc Ta~kc`f``k

Bagc qkrql gakb`t`rl`k laqkrqkf`k s`kf jancm* g`l` `b` takc`f` s`kf

gakf`gncj o`j`k gakfq`x`c t`x`~`k ta~kc`f``k s`kf bcqx`m`l`k+

La`b``k ckc nijam ra~o`bc `t`ncj` takc`f` na~lak``k gagtqks`c gib`j

s`kf nax`~ g`l` bc` `l`k gakf`gncj rckb`l`k qkrql gakfm`j`kf

takc`f` j`ck b`~c gagnql` ta~kc`f``k bc l`v`x`kks`+ @kr`~` rckb`l`k

s`kf nijam bcj`lql`kks` `b`j`m gagnajc laxagq` n`~`kf`k b`~c takc`f`

ra~xanqr `r`q gakq~qkl`k m`~f` n`~`kf`k xqt`s` takc`f` s`kf n`~q ckc

rcb`l g`gtq qkrql na~x`ckf bakf`kks`+

1+6 Gakf`g`jl`k ^cn`

Gakf`gncj laqkrqkf`k s`kf na~ra~qx`k la `r`x xaxq`rq q~qx`k oq`j najc

bc g`k` oqgj`m s`kf xat`rqrks` bcn`s`~ jancm b`~c s`kf xat`rqrks`*

ckcj`m s`kf bck`g`l`k xan`f`c ~cn`+ Qkrql gako`bcl`k laqkrqkf`k ckc


11/18


00

na~ra~qx`k g`l` takc`f` gakfak`l`k l`b`~ eàb`m ra~rakrq b`j`g

q~qxkc`f`ks`+ @t`ncj` taj`kff`k f`f`j gagn`s`~ g`l` oqgj`m s`kf

ta~jq bcn`s`~ `l`k gakckfl`r gakfclqr ta~`rqx`k s`kf raj`m bcrar`tl`k

ijam takc`f` na~lak``k+

1+= Gaj`lql`k Takhag`~`k @j`g Xalcr`~

B`j`g qx`m` gakfq~`kfl`k lix ta~kc`f``k* `b` takfqx`m` s`kf

gakf`gncj o`j`k gqb`m gajqtqxl`k xcx` lajq`~`k xs`~cl`r bakf`k h`~`

gaks`jq~l`kks` la xqkf`c* j`qr `r`q gak`k`gks` r`kt` gakfclqr xs`~`r

tajqtqx`k s`kf raj`m bcrar`tl`k ijam tcm`l na~lq`x`+ @t`ncj` n`m`k

rilxcb s`kf bcjqtqxl`k ckc raj`m ra~lqgtqj bakf`k n`ks`l `r`q ra~bab`m*

g`l` c` `l`k gakf`kh`g ks`v` g`kqxc`* rqgnqm`k `r`q m`cv`k s`kf

na~`b` bc xalcr`~ l`v`x`k tajqtqx`k ra~xanqr+

1+3 Gako`j`kl`k Ta~kc`f``k s`kf M`~`g Bc xcxc Cxj`g

Ta~kc`f``k xata~rc `~`l* taj`hq~`k* b`b`m* ta~oqbc`k* xsc~cl* xsqnm`m b`k

kòcx `b`j`m `g`r bcraf`m b`k ta~jq bco`qmc ijam i~`kf'i~`kf Cxj`g+

Xarc`t xaxq`rq s`kf bcraf`m ijam Cxj`g t`xrcks` gagtqks`c

lagqb`~`r`k* nijam ga~akb`ml`k g`~r`n`r g`~q`m ckx`k `r`qtqk

gagn`m`s`l`k ks`v` g`kqxc`+

Bc xckc oaj`x gakqkoqll`k n`m`v` b`j`g Cxj`g* `g`j`k gq`g`j`r ckc

na~rqoq`k qkrql gagna~cl`k lagqb`m`k b`k gako`f` lanòcl`k xax`g`

ckx`k+ Xan`f`c xai~`kf gqxjcg lcr` bcj`~`kf gakf`gncj laxagt`r`k bc

`r`x lalq~`kf`k i~`kf j`ck+ @g`j`k ta~kc`f``k ckc xah`~` z`mc~ c`ks`

xal`b`~ ta~rql`~`k n`~`kf`k `r`q ta~lmcbg`r`k b`~c tcm`l takc`f`

bakf`k v`kf ijam tcm`l tagnajc+ Xanak`~ks` bc xcxc Cxj`g r~`kx`lxc ckc

rq~qr x`g` gajcn`rl`k @jj`m x+v+r+ xata~rc bcks`r`l`k b`j`g Xq~`m `r'

R`qn`m `s`r 000 s`kf na~g`lxqb? Xaxqkffqmks` @jj`m gagnajc b`~c

i~`kf gqlgck `l`k bc~c b`k m`~r` ga~al` -bcn`s`~# bakf`k xsq~f`+++


12/18


0>

5+4 @t` Crq Lana~l`r`k Ta~kc`f``k9

Nq`r g`x` ckc najqg j`fc bcragqc b`j`g g`k`'g`k` nqlq na~l`cr`k

ta~kc`f``k m`xcj rqjcx`k takqjcx ragt`r`k o`qm xal`jc takqjcx

`kr`~`n`kfx` s`kf gaka~`kfl`k cxrcj`m lana~l`r`k b`k ta~`k`kks`

b`j`g ta~kc`f``k+ Xah`~` l`x`~ks` lana~l`r`k ckc b`t`r bcra~`kfl`k

gaj`jqc `t`l`m rqoq`k s`kf ckfck bch`t`c ijam ckbcucbq na~lak``k b`k

@jj`m x+v+r+ `l`k gagna~cl`k larakrq`k la `r`x xaf`j` qx`m` s`kf raj`m

bcj`lql`k ijam ckbcucbq ra~xanqr x`g` `b` bcna~cl`k lana~l`r`k `r`q

xan`jclks`+

Qkrql crq `b`j`m takrckf n`fc xarc`t ckbcucbq gajar`ll`k latakrckf`k

gakh`~c la~abm``k @jj`m x+v+r+ b`j`g gako`j`kc lamcbqt`k xam`~c`k `f`~

bcna~cl`k lagqb`m`k bclagqbc`k m`~c+ Lamcbqt`k xan`f`c xai~`kf

gqxjcg ra~n`m`fc lat`b` bq`* c`crq xav`lrq mcbqtks` b`k xaraj`m bc`

g`rc+

N`fc lamcbqt`k xav`lrq mcbqt* qg`r Cxj`g raj`m bcx`~`kl`k xqt`s`

gakh`~c `t` s`kf bckfckcks` xaij`m'ij`m lcr` `l`k mcbqt xa~cnq r`mqk

j`fc+ G`k`l`j` takfcxc`k qkrql lamcbqt`k xajat`x lag`rc`k* lcr`

bclamakb`lc na~`g`j b`k gakfckf`rc @jj`m bakf`k na~xqkffqm'xqkffqm

xaij`m'ij`m lcr` `l`k g`rc axil m`~c+

Takfcxc`k qkrql lamcbqt`k bc bqkc` ckc xagag`kfks` rc`b` m`j`kf`k

n`fc qg`r Cxj`g gakh`~c lal`s``k xan`ks`l s`kf gqkflck+ K`gqk

nafcrq* bc b`j`g qx`m` gakfqgtqj lal`s``k* ckbcucbq na~lak``k ta~jq

gakf`gncjlc~` lal`s``k s`kf bcta~ijamcks` crq gagtqks`c qkxq~

lana~l`r`k `r`q xan`jclks`+ Lana~l`r`k ckc xql`~ qkrql lcr` ta~oaj`xl`k

la~`k` lana~l`r`k rcb`l b`t`r bcjcm`r bakf`k g`r` l`x`~* k`gqk ckbcucbq

crq b`t`r ga~`x`c lax`kks` bakf`k gajcm`r la`b``k lamcbqt`kks`+


13/18


08

Qlq~`k lana~l`r`k n`fc ga~al` s`kf ra~jcn`r b`j`g ta~kc`f``k b`t`r

bcf`gn`~l`k xah`~` gqb`m gaj`jqc laks`r``k na~clqr? xalc~`ks` b`j`g

m`rc ckbcucbq na~lak``k ra~barcl bakf`k ta~xi`j`k? Lak`t` lal`s``k

s`kf bcgcjclc ckc g`xcm rcb`l gakhqlqtc b`k rcb`l b`t`r gagna~c

lan`m`fc``k lat`b`lq9

@t`ncj` rcgnqj ta~xi`j`k ckc* g`l` bc xckcj`m ta~`k`k lana~l`r`k ta~jq

bcna~cl`k ta~rcgn`kf`k+ Xalc~`ks` ckbcucbq na~lak``k gajar`ll`k

g`rj`g`r gakh`~c lana~l`r`k b`j`g ta~kc`f``k g`l` c`ks` b`t`r

gagnakbqkf ta~`x``k rcb`l gakhqlqtc b`k bcf`krcl`k bakf`k xce`r

ra~qx na~qx`m` gakh`~c lal`s``k b`k xakrc`x` na~xsqlq~ bakf`k ~azalc

s`kf bclq~kc`l`k ijam @jj`m x+v+r+

Nafcrq oqf` xalc~`ks` bc b`j`g m`rc ckbcucbq na~lak``k ra~barcl

ta~r`ks``k ckc? Lak`t` n`ks`l x`kf`r bqcr s`kf ta~jq bclajq`~l`k qkrql

gagn`s`~ tajn`f`c nakrql la~ix`l`k b`k tajn`f`c g`x`j`m gqkhqj

`t`ncj` `lq gakb`t`r laqkrqkf`k m`xcj b`~ct`b` ta~kc`f``k s`kf raj`m

bcqx`m`l`k+ Larc~cx`k takb`t`r`k s`kf bcta~ijamc qkrql gagn`s`~

tajn`f`c nakrql la~ix`l`k* gqkflck oqf` `b` ta~l`cr`k bakf`k na~l`r

`r`q rcb`l m`xcj ta~kc`f``k s`kf bcra~cg` ijam ckbcucbq na~lak``k+

Nc`x`ks` n`fc ta~kc`f``k s`kf bcna~l`rc @jj`m x+v+r+* laqkrqkf`k s`kf

bcta~ijamc b`t`r bcfqk`l`k xatakqmks` b`k gagna~cl`k g`ke``r lat`b`

ckbcucbq na~lak``k+ Ta~kc`f``k s`kf bcna~l`rc oqf` o`~`kf gak`kffqkf

g`x`j`m qkrql gagn`s`~ lix `r`q ta~l`~` s`kf bc jq`~ o`kfl``k+ Bc

x`gtckf crq* ckbcucbq na~lak``k ~`x` n`m`fc` gakffqk`l`k n`~`kf `r`q

ta~lmcbg`r`k s`kf bcnajcks` m`xcj b`~ct`b` laqkrqkf`k ta~kc`f``k s`kf

bcna~cl`k lana~l`r`k ijam @jj`m x+v+r+

Qkrql gajagnqrl`k m`rc g`kqxc` s`kf xakrc`x` ga~`x` rcb`l gakhqlqtc

g`l` lal`s``k s`kf bcgcjclc ra~xanqr ta~jq bcxabal`ml`k `r`q

bcz`l`rl`k lat`b` ga~al` s`kf na~m`l+ Laqkrqkf`k s`kf bcta~ijamc

b`j`g xaxq`rq ta~kc`f``k nql`kj`m m`l gqrj`l takc`f` la~`k` b`j`g


14/18


02

laqkrqkf`k ra~xanqr `b` tah`m`k xan`ks`l >+1 ta~`rqx qkrql `xkè s`kf

raj`m bcrar`tl`k+ B`j`g Cxj`g ta~j`lx`k``k labq`'bq` ta~l`~` ckc `l`k

gagna~xcml`k ~azalc s`kf lcr` ta~ijamc b`~c @jj`m x+v+r+

Xah`~` qgqgks` b`t`r bcoaj`xl`k bc xckc n`m`v` lana~l`r`k ckc

na~g`lk` lcr` gakh`~c la~abm``k @jj`m x+v+r+ qkrql xaxq`rq s`kf rcb`l

b`t`r bcjcm`r* k`gqk c`ks` b`t`r bc~`x`c gaj`jqc `t` s`kf na~j`lq t`b`

bc~c lcr`+ Xaxq`rq s`kf bcna~l`rc xaj`jqks` b`t`r gagna~c g`ke``r lat`b`

ckbcucbq ra~xanqr b`k oqf` i~`kf j`ck* xakrc`x` ~`x` n`m`fc`* gakhqlqtc

b`k c`ks` rcb`l m`ncx nafcrq x`mò` bcxan`nl`k ra~t`lx` qkrql gagn`s`~

n`fc ta~l`~` s`kf nql`k'nql`k+

6+4 Ta~`k`k Lana~l`r`k b`j`g Ta~kc`f``k

Ocl` lal`s``k xqb`m gako`bc g`rj`g`r gakq~qr O`è`~ X`jjam ->440#*

g`l` g`kqxc` `l`k gakffqk`l`k `t` oq` h`~` qkrql gakh`t`cks`+

Ga~al` rcb`l `l`k gagta~bqjcl`k x`g` `b` ta~l`~` s`kf bcj`lql`k crq

gakat`rc xs`~c`r `r`q xan`jclks`+ N`ml`k g`~q`m bc~c oqf` xqb`m rc`b`

kcj`cks` j`fc* takctq`k* ~cn` b`k tajn`f`c nakrql taksajavakf`k `l`k

bcfqk`l`k n`fc gakh`t`c g`rj`g`r qkrql gagcjclc lal`s``k xan`ks`l

s`kf gqkflck+

Xan`jclks` n`fc ga~al` s`kf gakh`~c lana~l`r`k b`j`g ta~kc`f``k*

g`l` ckbcucbq na~lak``k `l`k bcbi~ikf bakf`k ckf`r`k n`m`v` xarc`t

`g`j ta~nq`r`kks` `b`j`m xag`r`'g`r` gakh`~c la~abm``k @jj`m x+v+r+

Gakfar`mqc n`m`v` xce`r @jj`m x+v+r+ s`kf g`m` gakfar`mqc g`l`

ckbcucbq na~lak``k `l`k gaj`lx`k`l`k lafc`r`k ta~kc`f``k xah`~` oqoq~

xa~r` na~qx`m` gakfmckb`~c `g`j`k takctq`k s`kf xa~ckf bcj`lx`k`l`k

qkrql gakf`qr laqkrqkf`k s`kf jancm+

Xqkffqmtqk laqkrqkf`k s`kf bcta~ijamc na~jct`r l`jc f`kb` m`xcj

b`~ct`b` takctq`k s`kf bcj`lql`k* k`gqk xan`f`c xai~`kf gqxjcg lcr`

s`lck n`m`v` `t`ncj` xaxq`rq qx`m` s`kf bcj`lql`k ocl` rcb`l bcna~l`rc

ijam @jj`m x+v+r+* g`l` laqkrqkf`k b`k lal`s``k s`kf bcta~ijamc crq


15/18


01

t`xrc `l`k m`ncx xah`~` xc`'xc` b`k l`b`kfl`j` gakcgnqjl`k g`x`j`m

t`b` bc~c `r`q lajq`~f`+

Gajcm`r lat`b` likxat `x`x lana~l`r`k b`j`g ta~kc`f``k s`kf g`gtq

gagnakbqkf ta~`x``k rcb`l gakhqlqtc* t`xrcks` `l`k gagna~c

laxab`~`k lat`b` t`~` takc`f` qkrql xakrc`x` na~qx`m` b`k na~xsqlq~

bakf`k ~azalc @jj`m x+v+r+ La`b``k ckc gaksan`nl`k takc`f` ta~h`s`

n`m`v` m`~r` lal`s``k crq xaj`fc bch`~c xaj`fc crq c` rcb`l `l`k hqlqt

qkrql gagq`xl`k m`rc g`kqxc`+ Ta~`x``k gakhqlqtc b`k na~xsqlq~

bakf`k ~azalc @jj`m x+v+r+ b`t`r gakfmckb`~l`k t`~` takc`f` b`~ct`b`

ta~`x``k r`g`l* c~c m`rc b`k bakflc ra~m`b`t `t` s`kf bcta~ijamc ijam

i~`kf j`ck+

N`ks`l lao`bc`k s`kf gakqkoqll`k xalc~`ks` xaxq`rq takb`t`r`k `r`q

lal`s``k s`kf bcta~ijamc ijam xaxai~`kf crq gaj`jqc h`~` n`rcj -s`kf

rcb`l bc~abm`c ijam @jj`m x+v+r+# nc`x`ks` `l`k m`ncx b`j`g la`b``k r`kt`

bcxab`~c* xc`'xc` `r`q jancm g`j`kf j`fc xaf`j` s`kf bcgcjclc crq

gakb`r`kfl`k lahaj`l``k lat`b`ks`+ @b`l`j`ks` ga~al` xakrc`x`

na~naj`ko` qkrql gaksajax`cl`k tajn`f`c g`x`j`m b`k `lmc~ks` lal`s``k

s`kf bcta~ijamc ra~xanqr m`ncx nafcrq x`m`o`+ La`b``k ckc nijam bcl`r`l`k

xan`f`c rc`b` lana~l`r`k la `r`x `t` s`kf bcta~ijamc+

M`xcj lal`s``k s`kf bcta~ijamc bakf`k h`~` s`kf m`~`g* gagtqks`c

qkxq~ takctq`k `r`q na~j`lq takf`kc`s``k lat`b` i~`kf j`ck

xagag`kfks` rcb`l bc~abm`c ijam @jj`m x+v+r+ Ga~al` s`kf gaj`lql`k

ta~l`~` ckc `l`k xakrc`x` na~`x` ncgn`kf* na~x`j`m b`k rc`b` ~`x` n`m`fc`

`r`q rakra~`g bc b`j`g bc~c+ Na~naz` tqj` bakf`k ga~al` s`kf

gako`j`kl`k ta~kc`f``k xah`~` oqoq~* rcb`l na~lc~` b`k xalc~`ks` ra~jancm

g`l` c` gakf`kff`t crq xan`f`c xabal`m o`~c`m+ G`l` ckbcucbq xanafckc

xakrc`x` ~`x` n`m`fc`* rakra~`g b`k na~m`~`t `f`~ ta~kc`f``k b`k

lamcbqt`kks` bcna~cl`k lana~l`r`k ijam @jj`m x+v+r+ qkrql bc bqkc` b`k

bc `lmc~`r+


16/18


05

=+4 Laxcgtqj`k

Xarc`t ckbcucbq gaj`lql`k xaxq`rq tala~o``k xqb`m t`xrc gakfm`~`tl`k

xaxq`rq s`kf ra~n`cl bc takfmqoqkf xaf`j` qx`m` s`kf raj`m

bchq~`ml`kks`+ Ocl` c` gajcn`rl`k bc~c b`j`g ta~kc`f``k* t`xrcks`

ra~n`cl ckc ra~g`xqlj`m ta~kc`f``k s`kf bcqx`m`l`k na~o`s`* g`gtq

qkrql gagnql` nana~`t` j`fc ~`kfl`c`k ta~kc`f``k* gagta~ijamc

laqkrqkf`k s`kf nax`~* gaksabc`l`k tajq`kf tala~o``k lat`b` i~`kf

j`ck* gagna~cl`k lagqb`m`k lat`b` g`xs`~`l`r b`k xan`f`cks`+

Lao`s``k ckc `b`l`j`ks` nijam gakf`nq~c g`r` g`kqxc` mckff` `b` s`kf

gako`bc r`g`l* `kflqm* c~c m`rc* bakflc xa~r` x`kffqt gakflmc`k`rc

i~`kf j`ck+

R`kt` lalq`r`k cg`k b`k laxab`~`k n`m`v` lamcbqt`k lcr` bc bqkc` ckc

m`ks` xagakr`~`* g`kqxc` nijam m`ksqr b`k x`kffqt gaj`lql`k `t`

x`m`o` xag`r`'g`r` qkrql gakfao`~ lagav`m`k mcbqt+ G`l` crq `b`j`m

`g`r takrckf n`fc t`~` takc`f` gaj`lql`k q~qx`k ta~kc`f``kks` bakf`k

clmj`x xag`r`'g`r` gakh`~c la~abm``k @jj`m x+v+r+ xa~r` xakrc`x`

gagimik `f`~ m`xcj s`kf bcta~ijamc ga~qt`l`k ~azalc s`kf bcna~l`rc+

Gakfm`~`tl`k qx`m` s`kf bchq~`ml`k bcna~c lana~l`r`k ijam @jj`m x+v+r

`l`k gakhaf`m g`kqxc` b`~c gaj`lql`k taksajavakf`k* takctq`k*

lagqkfl`~`k b`k lag`lxc`r`k+ Bc x`gtckf crq* c` g`gtq gako`k`

laqrqm`k laqx`m`v`k`k b`k latakffqk``k Cxj`g n`fc qg`rks` s`kf

gakhanq~c `r`q na~q~qx`k b`j`g ncb`kf ta~kc`f``k+


17/18


06

^qoql`k

@nbqj X`gc `j Gcx~c -03=5#+Ta~kc`f``k b`j`g Cxj`g* bcra~oag`m ijam

@mg`b Mo+ M`xnqjj`m* Lq`j` Jqgtq~ ? Bav`k N`m`x` b`k Tqxr`l`+

@nq N`l`~ M`gab* ^qxg`j` Gimb B`qb b`k Xcrc K`ncm` @nbqj Lm`jcb

-0335#+ @x`x Takfq~qx`k Ta~kc`f``k* Xckril? Qkcua~xcrc Qr`~`k

G`j`sxc`+

N`~ois`c N`~b`c b`k Gimb E`c~qz Gb X`jjam -033=#+ Tajq`kf

Ta~kc`f``k* Lq`j` Jqgtq~? Qrqx`k Tqnjch`rcikx % Bcxr~cnqri~x Xbk+

Nmb+

O``e`~ X`jjam ->440#+ Alikigc b`k Ta~kc`f``k Xah`~` Cxj`g* Lq`j`

Jqgtq~? @j'Mcb`s`m Tqnjcxma~x+

Jikfakahla~* O+ F+* Gii~a* H+ V+* Tarrs V+ O+ `kb T`jchm* J+ A+ ->445#+

Xg`jj Nqxckaxx G`k`fagakr? @k Akr~at~akaq~c`j Agtm`xcx* 08rm

Abcrcik* Imci? Rmigxik Xiqrm'Vaxra~k+

G`bq~`* O+ ->446#+ Ckr~ibqhrcik ri Nqxckaxx* 2rm abcrcik* G`xik IM?

Rmigxik Xiqrm'Vaxra~k+

Gaffckxik* J+ H+* Ns~b* G+ O+ `kb Gaffckxik* V+ J+ ->445#+ Xg`jj

nqxckaxx g`k`fagakr? @k Akr~at~akaq~x Fqcbaniil* 1rm Abcrcik* Kav

Si~l? GhF~`v'Mcjj)C~vck+

Gqm`gg`b K`x~c Gb+ Mqxx`ck b`k Gqm`gg`b @mg`b ->445#+ Arcl`

Ta~kc`f``k? Takbal`r`k Ta~xtalrce Cxj`g* Tar`jckf O`s`? T~akrcha M`jj

G`j`sxc` Xbk+ Nmb+

Gqxr`e` B`qb -0331#+ Ta~kc`f``k Gakq~qr Cxj`g* Lq`j` Jqgtq~?

Qrqx`k Tqnjch`rcikx % Bcxr~cnqri~x Xbk+ Nmb+

V`k Jcz Izg`k V`k Ig`~ b`k Xqjz`~c Gim`gab ->44>#+ Gagta~l`x`

Qx`m`v`k? T`kbq`k Jakfl`t Takfq~qx`k Ta~kc`f``k b`k Tako`k``k

Qx`m`v`k* Lq`j` Jqgtq~? Qrqx`k Tqnjch`rcik % Bcxr~cnqri~x Xbk Nmb+

V`k Gimb K`zce b`k E`zcj`m Cn~`mcg ->441#+ Ei~gqj` Gako`bc

Qx`m`v`k Na~o`s`* Nakrikf? TRX Tqnjch`rcikx % Bcxr~cnqri~x Xbk+ Nmb+


18/18


0=

_`cb`rij @lg`jc`m Jita Tcmca b`k M`ncn`m Ajc`x -0336#+ Laqx`m`v`k`k

b`k Gircu`xc Bc~c* Xa~b`kf? Taka~ncr Qkcua~xcrc Tqr~` G`j`sxc`+

_`m`~qbbck S`ms` -0331#+ Gagcjcm Ta~kc`f``k? La `~`m Tagnakrql`k

Qx`m`v`k % Takfqoqb`k Ta~kc`f``k Na~b`s`gòq* Lir` N`m~q? @j'

Lècj`m Akra~t~cxa+

_cgga~a~* R+ V+ `kb Xh`~ni~iqfm* K+ G+ -033=#+ Axxakrc`j ie

Akr~at~akaq~xmct `kb Xg`jj Nqxckaxx G`k`fagakr* >kb Abircik* Kav

Oa~xas? T~akrcha M`jj* Ckh+

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

ÎX M@X^C @MG@B* Takxs`~`m E`lqjrc Takfq~qx`k Ta~kc`f``k* QcRG

Oimi~+ -~ixm`225Doimi~ +qcrg+abq+gs#

XCRC G@XK@M X@^CKF@R* Takxs`~`m E`lqjrc Ta~`l`qk`k* QcRG*

Oimi~+ -xcrcg`456Doimi~+qcrg+abq+gs#

KII^ @_^CK _@CKQBBCK* Takxs`~`m E`lqjrc Ralkijifc G`ljqg`r

b`k X`ckx Lq`krcr`rce* QcRG Oimi~+ -kii~`343Doimi~+qcrg+abq+gs#

N@X@^QBBCK XM@M N@X^C* Takxs`~`m E`lqjrc Takfq~qx`k

Ta~kc`f``k* QcRG Oimi~+ -n`x`~>52Doimi~+qcrg+abq+gs#

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