executive summary deia for proposed development of sanitary landfill negeri sembilan 1
TRANSCRIPT
JABATAN PENGURUSAN SISA PEPEJAL NEGARA
KEMENTERIAN PERUMAHAN DAN KERAJAAN TEMPATAN
DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
FOR
PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID WASTE
SANITARY LANDFILL AT LADANG TANAH MERAH
NEGERI SEMBILAN
Volume I – Executive Summary
GUNUNG-GANANG CORPORATION SDN BHD (476117-P) No. 53-2, Jalan SP2/1, Seksyen 2, Taman Serdang Perdana
43300 Seri Kembangan, Selangor Darul Ehsan Tel: 03-8941 5308/9 Fax: 03-8942 2469 Email: [email protected]
May 2011
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID WASTE SANITARY LANDFILL AT LADANG TANAH MERAH NEGERI SEMBILAN
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GUNUNG-GANANG
DEIA FOR PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID WASTE SANITARY LANDFILL
AT LADANG TANAH MERAH NEGERI SEMBILAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TABLE OF CONTENTS i
LIST OF TABLES i
LIST OF FIGURES i
1.0 INTRODUCTION ES-1
2.0 STATEMENT OF NEED ES-1
3.0 PROJECT OPTIONS ES-5
4.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ES-6
5.0 PROJECT ACTIVITIES ES-9
6.0 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ES-10
7.0 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, MITIGATION MEASURES
AND RESIDUAL IMPACTS
ES-14
8.0 QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT ES-24
9.0 ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ES-25
10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ES-25
11.0 CONCLUSION ES-26
LIST OF TABLES
Table ES-1 : Projected Population Growth at Districts in Negeri Sembilan ES-3
Table ES-2 : Incoming Solid Waste Projection at the Landfill (2011-2015) ES-3
Table ES-3 : Proposed Development Schedule ES-8
Table ES-4 : Summary of Potential Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Residual
Impacts
ES-15
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure ES-1 : Location of Proposed Project Site ES-2a
Figure ES-2 : Locations of Existing Disposal Sites in Negeri Sembilan ES-4
Figure ES-3 : General Layout of the Proposed Project ES-6a
Figure ES-4 : Locations of Surface Water Quality, Aquatic Flora and Fauna
Sampling
ES-11
Figure ES-5 : Land Use within 5 km Radius from the Proposed Project Site ES-14a
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The project is entitled “Proposed Development of Solid Waste Sanitary Landfill at
Ladang Tanah Merah, Negeri Sembilan” (hereinafter referred to as “the Proposed
Project”).
The Proposed Project site occupies an area of 120 ha at part of Lot 7212, Mukim Jimah,
Daerah Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan (Figure ES-1). It lies within GPS coordinates of
N 02°40‟07.5” and N 02°39‟46.4”; and E 101°48‟29.4” and E 101°49‟23.5”. It has been
gazetted as landfill site in „Draf Rancangan Tempatan Daerah Port Dickson, 2007-2020‟.
The Project Proponent, Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara (JPSPN) has
appointed Gunung-Ganang Corporation Sdn. Bhd. (GGC) as the EIA Consultant to
undertake environmental impact asssessment for the Proposed Project.
The Terms of Reference of the DEIA was approved by the Department of Environment
(DOE) on 26th October 2010.
2.0 STATEMENT OF NEED
(a) Solid Waste Generation and Projections
The State of Negeri Sembilan has a population of about 860,000 in year 2000, and this is
projected to increase to 1,165,200 in year 2020 (Table ES-1). With the expectation of an
increasing population and the influx of tourists with the further development of Port
Dickson as a tourist destination, more solid waste is expected to be generated.
The projected increase of population reflects proportionally the potential increase in total
amount of municipal solid waste to be generated in Seremban, Port Dickson, Rembau
and Tampin districts (Table ES-2). Therefore, a sufficient area of landfill with
environmental pollution control measures is crucial to cater for the current demand as
well as the amount of waste to be generated in the near future.
(b) Solid Waste Disposal
There are eight disposal sites in the State of Negeri Sembilan (Figure ES-2). Many of
these disposal sites had already reached their maximum capacity.
Currently there are two landfills operating in the District of Port Dickson, one at Bukit
Palong, and the other at Sua Betong. With upgrading works, the Bukit Palong and Sua
Betong landfills have capacities of 550 tonnes/day and 30 tonnes/day respectively. The
two landfills are expected to be closed when the Proposed Project site is ready.
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It is estimated about 933 tonnes/day of solid waste will be generated in 2011, and is
expected to increase to 1,010 tonnes/day in 2015.
(c) Justification
There is definitely a need for a sanitary landfill in Port Dickson District as both the existing
landfills at Bukit Palong and Sua Betong have reached their capacity. The waste
generation in Port Dickson and a wider service area encompassing Seremban, Rembau
and Tampin districts is estimated to grow by more than 8 percent between 2011-2015.
Therefore, the situation could be considered critical.
The disposal of municipal solid wastes onto dumpsites poses significant threats to the
environment as well as to the general health of the communities residing in the vicinity of
these dumpsites. Among the problems encountered are leachate contamination of the
receiving waterways and groundwater, bad odour, proliferation of flies and other vermin
that may lead to public health issues, increase in the number of scavengers and fire
hazards posed by improper management of methane gas. Lacking proper design and
pollution control measures in particular to handle landfill gas, and the potential for open
burning of wastes at the sites, both the existing landfills in Port Dickson have a relatively
high potential for emission of greenhouse gases namely carbon dioxide, methane and
nitrous oxides, all of which contribute to adverse climate change.
Thus, the proposed method to dispose municipal solid waste via sanitary landfill is seen
as the most beneficial and practical means to meet societal needs and environmental
requirements. The proposed sanitary landfill will have additional components in the form
of a material recycling facility (MRF), and a composting plant for green waste. In terms of
economies of scale, it is desirable to find a site that is not too far from the existing
landfills.
Upon completion, the Proposed Project will not only replace the disposal sites at Bukit
Palong and Sua Betong but will have sufficient capacity to cater for the waste disposal
needs of the District of Tampin; and provide support to the disposal sites at Pajam and
Chembong.
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Figure ES-1: Location of Proposed Project Site
Source: Jabatan Ukur dan Pemetaan Malaysia. Series DNMM 5101. Sheets No. 142 & 143. Scale 1:50,000
Proposed
Project Site
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Table ES-1: Projected Population Growth at Districts in Negeri Sembilan
District Total Population
2000 2020
Seremban 397,185 594,000
Port Dickson 110,350 150,000
Jempol 129,733 150,000
Kuala Pilah 65,980 75,000
Tampin 79,825 100,000
Jelebu 38,526 44,200
Rembau 38,325 52,000
Total 859,924 1,165,200
Source: Rancangan Struktur Negeri Sembilan 2001 – 2020.
Table ES-2: Incoming Solid Waste Projection at the Landfill (2011 – 2015)
Operation
Period
(Year)
Bulky Waste
(tonnes/year)
Recyclable
(tonnes/year)
Domestic
(tonnes/year)
Total Waste
(tonnes/year)
Average
Waste
(tonnes/day)
2011 17,027 34,055 289,463 340,545 933
2012 17,368 34,736 295,253 347,356 952
2013 17,715 35,430 301,158 354,303 971
2014 18,069 36,139 307,181 361,389 990
2015 18,431 36,862 313,824 368,617 1,010
Total 88,610 177,221 1,506,378 1,772,210
Note: Basis for solid waste generation calculation:
- Population for the districts of Port Dickson, Seremban, Tampin and Rembau is 625,685 (2000
census)
- Population growth at rate of 2% per year
- Population for 2010 is 762,706
- Estimated per capita waste generation rate of 1.2 kg/person/day
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Figure ES-2: Locations of Existing Disposal Sites in Negeri Sembilan
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3.0 PROJECT OPTIONS
This DEIA Report includes an analysis of options in the following areas:
Site Options.
Waste Management System Options.
“Without Project” Option.
(a) Site Options
The factors that contribute to the selected site are:
Located approximately 12 km from the existing landfill and accessibility is
good.
Located on the west of the Integrated Scheduled Wastes Management Centre
(ISWMC) of Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd. and shares a common buffer zone.
The ISWMC includes a secure landfill for disposal of scheduled wastes and
residues from its incinerator. Therefore, it can be extrapolated that the
geological and soil characteristics of the proposed sanitary landfill site would
be suitable for a landfill accepting municipal solid wastes from residential,
commercial, industrial and construction sources.
The risks of a sanitary landfill in terms of safety and environmental health
issues are lower than that of a scheduled wastes facility.
No water intake point downstream of the site.
Not located within flood plain.
Transportation routes for a large part of the service area are likely to be
maintained due to the proximity to the existing landfill.
Public acceptability is not expected to be an issue because ISWMC is located
beside the eastern boundary of the site.
(b) Waste Management System Options
The Project Proponent has considered the technology options available for the various
components of the sanitary landfill, namely the landfill itself, the composting plant and the
material recovery facility. Main factors that influence the technological considerations are
proven performance, environmental soundness, cost-effectiveness, operational efficiency,
as well as design and fabrication.
(c) “Without Project” Options
The "Without Project" option refers to the continued use of the existing Bukit Palong
Landfill in Port Dickson, as the main disposal method, or “Do Nothing” which will
undoubtedly result in undesirable environmental and health impacts.
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4.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
(a) Project Concept
The Proposed Project is designed to receive about 900 tonnes per day of municipal solid
waste (MSW) from Seremban, Port Dickson, Tampin and Rembau districts. It will be
developed in phases for an estimated life span of 25 years. The first phase involves the
construction and operation of the first cell known as “Cell 1”, which is 15 ha of the total
area. The other two cells are reserved for future needs.
The Proposed Project will be designed up to Level 4 landfill type which will be equipped
with leachate and landfill gas collection pipe, collection pond and leachate treatment
plant. General layout of the Proposed Project is shown in Figure ES-3 and the main
features of design concepts are summarised below:
Total project area : 120.0 ha
Cell 1 area : 15.0 ha
Cell 1 lifespan : 5 years
Cell volume : 2,400,000 cubic metres
Average height of waste filling : 20 metres
Landfill design : Semi-aerobic
Leachate collection system : HDPE pipe
Leachate containment system : Geo-synthetic clay liner and HDPE membrane
Leachate management : Recirculation back to cell, final discharge to
comply with the Second Schedule (Acceptable
Conditions for Discharge of Leachate),
Regulation 13 of the Environmental Quality
(Control of Pollution from Solid Waste Transfer
Station and Landfill) Regulations 2009.
Landfill gas management : Vertical vent pipe
Material recovery facility (MRF) : 2 ha (2 units, each unit 1 ha)
Composting area : 2.3 ha
Inert cell : 2.25 ha (3 cells, 0.75 ha each)
(b) Surface Water Management
A 3.6 ha retention pond is allocated to attenuate peak flow from the Proposed Project and
to serve as a sediment trap that will reduce sedimentation at Sg. Anak Air Unyai. A cut-off
drain will be constructed at the perimeter of Cell 1 to divert surface run-off and to
minimise leachate production as well as soil erosion.
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Figure ES-3: General Layout of the Proposed Project
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(c) Landfill Operation and Maintenance
The management and operations at the landfill will involve reception of transported
wastes, waste inspection, weighing of waste trucks, tipping activities, spreading and
compacting, mixing and covering the solid waste with cover material.
(d) Material Recycling facility
MRF will be designed to separate recyclable materials through a combination of manual
and mechanical sorting. The waste received at this facility will be mainly institutional,
commercial and industrial (ICI) wastes and is estimated to be about 180 tonnes per day.
(e) Leachate Management System
Established sequential batch reactor (SBR) process and dissolved air floatation (DAF) will
be used as the primary treatment. The effluent is then subjected to a chemical treatment
of coagulation-flocculation to remove heavy metals and improve the colour.
Trace pollutants (residual COD, malodour and ammonia) will be removed in the final
polishing process by adsorption on the surfaces of powered activated carbon placed in
filter columns. The carbon filters will chemically and biologically remove many residual
compounds simultaneously.
Leachate treatment plant (LTP) will consist of the following components:
Physical screens to remove large solid materials at pumping chamber
Raw leachate holding pond
SBR pond
DAF feeding pond
DAF
Sand and carbon filter
Filter press for non-biological sludge drying facilities
The design of the LTP for Phase 1 is based on a leachate generation rate of 575 m3 per
day. Treated leachate will be used for washing and cleaning.
(f) Landfill Gas Management System
Vertical gas vent piping will be installed at the cell for passive landfill gas release.
(g) Proposed Development Schedule
Table ES-3 indicates the proposed development schedule for overall implementation of
the Proposed Project. It is expected to start operation in September 2012.
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Table ES-3: Proposed Development Schedule
Activity Year
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26-30 31-35
Site Clearing and
Earthworks
Construction of Cell 1
Other civil and structure
works
Mechanical and electrical
works
Installation of equipment
and machinery
Construction of Cell 2
Safe closure and
rehabilitation of Cell 1
Construction of Cell 3
Safe closure and
rehabilitation of Cell 2
Operation and
maintenance of landfill
Post closure management
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5.0 PROJECT ACTIVITIES
In general, the development of the Proposed Project can be divided into the following
stages:
(a) Pre-construction
Most of the activities such as site surveys and investigation during the pre-construction
stage have little or no significant negative impacts on the environment. Therefore, no
mitigation measure is required at this stage.
(b) Construction
Construction of the Proposed Project involves mainly the following activities:
Site clearing of approximately 50 ha of land area for phase 1 development
including area for Cell 1, retention pond, leachate treatment plant, MRF,
workshop, office, inert waste area, composting area and part of Cell 3 for
storage of access earth as well as a permanent access road to the Proposed
Project site.
Earthworks activities include cutting and filling of platforms to the required
proposed levels. 1,650,359 m3 of excess earth will be stockpiled at Cell 3 for
daily cover materials during the operational stage.
Construction of sanitary landfill, associated infrastructure and utilities including
the permanent access road.
Installation of equipment and machinery
(c) Operation and Maintenance
Solid wastes from Port Dickson, Seremban, Tampin and Rembau districts will be
transported to the Proposed Project site via the Federal Route 5 (FR5) and the
permanent access road. At the entrance of the Proposed Project site, solid waste haulage
trucks will be inspected, and type of wastes, weight as well as their origin will be
recorded. Only non-hazardous and non-scheduled wastes from municipalities, industrial,
commercial, institutions (ICI) and domestic households will be allowed to enter the site.
Trucks will be directed to the designated MRF for commingle household and ICI wastes,
composting area for greenery wastes and inert waste area for construction and demolition
wastes.
Regular maintenance of equipment and machinery operating on-site will be undertaken to
ensure the equipment and machinery are in optimum working conditions.
(d) Post Operation
Safe closure of Cell 1 activities will be initiated upon reaching its designed capacity of
five years. Safe closure of the landfill activities will be undertaken according to the
“Guidelines for Safe Closure and Rehabilitation of MSW Landfill Sites”.
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6.0 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
(a) Topography
The Proposed Project site is located at an undulating to hilly terrain ranging from 25 m to
165 m above mean sea level and has a trending from the northeast to southwest.
(b) Geology and Soils
The entire Proposed Project site is underlain by granite which is a homogenous fine to
coarse crystalline acid intrusive igneous rock. Soil depth varies from over 32 m in the
northern region to 3 m towards the stream. Soil profile is silt with mixtures of varying
amounts of sand and gravelly materials. The topsoil consists largely of silty fine sand and
fine sand mixed with decayed organic matters.
(c) Hydrology and Drainage
Sg. Anak Air Unyai catchment where the Proposed Project is located has an area of
about 6.75 km2. Average 7-day minimum flow with 10-year ARI for the Proposed Project
site was estimated at 0.007 m3/s using Hydrological Procedure No. 12.
(d) Surface Water Quality
Surface water quality sampling was carried out at eight locations – one station each at
upstream (W1) and within (W2) the Proposed Project site as well as six stations (W3 to
W8) downstream of the Proposed Project site up to the estuary (Figure ES-4).
Water Quality Index (WQI) for stations W1, W4, W7 and W8 are classified as clean,
stations W5 and W6 are classified as slightly polluted, and stations W2 and W3 are
classified as polluted.
(e) Groundwater Quality
Eight piezometers were established but only five groundwater samples were collected
and analysed. Most of the parameters analysed in the laboratory were within the limits of
the Recommended Raw Water Quality Criteria by Ministry of Health with the exception of
arsenic, manganese, mercury, lead, chemical oxygen demand and coliform for certain
stations and iron for all the samples.
(f) Soil Sample
One soil sample was collected from each piezometer except P5 because of the sandy
sample.
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Figure ES-4: Locations of Surface Water Quality, Aquatic Flora and Fauna
Sampling
W4/S4
W2/S2
W6
W7/S6
W8/S7
Kuala Lukut Besar
Legend: Water Quality, Aquatic Flora
and Fauna Sampling Station
W3/S3 W1/S1
W5/S5
Proposed
Project Site
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(g) Climatology and Meteorology
The Proposed Project site is located near to Port Dickson which has an equatorial type of
climate characterised by warm and humid weather all year round. It is under the influence
of the Northeast Monsoon (from November to March) and the Southwest Monsoon (from
May to September).
The meteorological station at the Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA), Sepang
indicated that strong sea-land breeze with speeds of between 0.3 and 10.7 m/s were
influenced by the monsoon seasons.
With an average annual rainfall of approximately 2,010 mm, Port Dickson is located in a
relatively dry area with respect to other areas in Malaysia.
Mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures recorded were 24.2 °C and 32.1 °C
respectively.
Mean monthly relative humidity ranged from 75.8 and 84.3 percent.
(h) Air Quality
Air quality was monitored at three locations, namely, the Proposed Project site, Kg. 107
Ekar and Sekolah Kebangsaan Sendayan. As the Proposed Project site is located in a
fairly remote area, the results of the monitored parameters were within the limits of
Recommended Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines.
(i) Odour
Odour monitoring was conducted at the three locations similar with the air quality
monitoring. The average odour levels ranged from 3,280 to 6,665 ou/m3.
(j) Noise
Noise monitoring was undertaken at four locations, three within the Proposed Project site
and one at Kg. 107 Ekar. Noise levels LAeq recorded ranged from 55.5 to 66.5 dB(A).
(k) Land Use
Land use within the Proposed Project site is mainly oil palm plantations. Major land use
within the 5 km radius from the boundary of the Proposed Project site is agriculture, forest
reserve, shrub land, housing, commercial, institutional and public amenities
(Figure ES-5).
(l) Terrestrial Flora and Fauna
Field observations made within the Proposed Project site indicated that oil palm stands
are present other than 46 species of weeds. Field survey revealed that 10 species of
insects mainly flies and mosquitoes were found within the Proposed Project site.
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(m) Aquatic Flora and Fauna
The locations of aquatic flora and fauna sampling (stations S1 to S7) are similar to the
locations of surface water sampling except station W6 (refer Figure ES-4).
Phytoplankton at the study area consisted of five major phyla namely Bacillariophyta,
Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta and Dinoflagellata with a total of 27 species.
The average density of phytoplankton at the study area was 94.88 cells/ml.
There are six phyla of zooplankton namely Protozoa, Rotifera, Arthropoda,
Chaetognatha, Mollusca and Annelida found at the study area. The average density of
zooplankton at the study area was 5.8 spp/l.
A total of 23 species of macrobenthos under five phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda,
Urochordata, Echinodermata and Sipuncula) were identified at the study area with an
average density of 1,193 ind./m2.
A total of 18 species of fish and one species each of horseshoe crab, crab and shrimp
were caught at the study area.
(n) Traffic
The Proposed Project site is located approximately 15 km away from Sepang town and
19 km from Port Dickson town; and is accessible through Federal Route 5 (FR5). This
road is a single lane with two-way direction. The road reserve has an average width of
18 – 19 metres.
Traffic survey conducted along the Ladang Tanah Merah stretch of FR5 revealed that
peak hours occur during 7:15 – 8:15am and 5:15 – 6:15pm, with traffic volume of 683 and
609 pcu/hour, respectively. Passenger cars are the dominant traffic composition followed
by lorries, motorcycles, vans and buses.
(o) Public Health
All of the houses surveyed had access to adequate and safe drinking water supply in the
form of piped water from Jabatan Bekalan Air either inside or outside of their houses.
About 87% of the houses surveyed possessed hygienic toilets of either the pour-flush or
flush type. The other 13% of houses surveyed may be exposed to faecally-transmitted
water and food borne diseases like dysenteries, cholera, typhoid, hepatitis A, poliomyelitis
and food poisoning.
The highest prevalence of disease were for diabetes and asthma, both at 3.23%, followed
by hypertension (1.99%), heart problem (1.74%) and skin diseases (1.49%).
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(p) Socio-Economy
A Socio-Economic and Social Impact Survey was carried out on the 22nd of December
2010 and 9th January 2011. The survey questionnaire was divided into five sections:
(i) Demographic Profile, (ii) Economic and Social Status, (iii) Health Status, (iv) Social and
Economic Problems, and (v) Perception of Social Impacts of Development. A total of 402
respondents, representing 85 households, were covered in the survey.
The communities covered by the survey include Kg. 107 Ekar, Taman A3/A4 Tanah
Merah, Taman Jimah Jaya, Kg. Jimah Lama, Kg. Jimah Baru, Felda Sendayan and
Taman Gadong Jaya.
The majority of the respondents (87.1%) were heads of households and the remaining
were children of the head of the households.
A Public Dialogue Session involving stakeholders from governmental and non-
governmental organisations as well as representatives of the local population and interest
groups was held on 25th of January 2011. There were a larger proportion (62.5%) of
stakeholders that did not agree with the Proposed Project and the remaining agreed with
the Proposed Project.
7.0 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, MITIGATION MEASURES AND
RESIDUAL IMPACTS
A summary of potential impacts, mitigation measures and residual impacts is provided in
Table ES-4.
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Figure ES-5: Land Use within 5 km Radius from the Proposed Project Site
Land Use Specific Locations:
Agriculture 1. Taman Gadong Jaya
Shrubs / Belukar 2. Bandar Sri Sendayan
Cemetery 3. Felda Sendayan
Livestock 4. Kg. Jimah Baru
Residential / Commercial 5. Kg. Jimah Lama
Quarry 6. Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd.
Industry 7. Tanah Merah Quarry Sdn. Bhd.
Government Use / Institution 8. Eka Matahari
Land Under Development 9. Kg. 107 Ekar
Scheduled Wastes Centre 10. Kilang Kelapa Sawit Tanah Merah
Forest Reserve 11. Taman A3 / A4 Tanah Merah
Transportation Reserve 12. Kg. Jaging River 13. Taman A1 / A2 Tanah Merah High Tension Transmission Line 14. Kg. Baru Tanah Merah Site „C'
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Table ES-4: Summary of Potential Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts
No. Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Residual Impacts
1 Soil Erosion
Weighted soil erosion losses and sediment yielded at
different stages of the development are:
The construction of erosion and sediment control
structures (e.g. silt trap, check dam, earth drain and
rolled erosion control blanket) on-site should be
implemented in stages with the silt trap construction
being the first priority. All these measures should be in
place before proceeding with site clearing and
earthworks. A systematic earth drain network would be
able to channel run-off laden with silt to the silt trap
concerned. These structures should be regularly desilted
to achieve their optimum performance during the
construction phase so as to prevent siltation of
waterways during heavy downpour.
The implementation of Erosion and Sediment Control
Plan (ESCP) in order to control erosion and siltation
during the construction stage.
Two silt traps shall be maintained throughout the
construction stage.
All Best Management Practices (BMPs) provided such
as silt fences, check dams, slope protections,
construction access stabilisation and wash trough,
shall be maintained.
Post monitoring of the constructed BMPs shall be
carried out.
ESCP plans must be followed and maintained by a
qualified person.
ESCP for the proposed permanent access road covering
a length of 5.4 km from the main road to the Proposed
Project site has been formulated.
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Soil Erosion Losses Sediment Yielded
i) Pre-construction
ii) Construction
iii) Operational
35.67 t/ha/yr
77.31 t/ha/yr
30.61 t/ha/yr
11.77 t/ha/yr
25.51 t/ha/yr
10.10 t/ha/yr
Soil erosion loss before construction is at low risk level with
81.74% of the Project Site recording soil erosion loss of
less than 50 t/ha/yr. During construction, the erosion risk
would increase with almost 17.94% of the area having
erosion loss of more than 150 t/ha/yr.
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Table ES-4: Summary of Potential Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts (Cont.)
No. Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Residual Impacts
2 Hydrology and Drainage
Modelling results indicate that post-development peak flow
(100 ARI) exceeds the pre-development peak flow (2 ARI)
about 3.6439 m3/s.
A 3.6 ha retention pond will be used as a flood retention
pond for temporary storage of excess run-off during the
event of storm. This will help in controlling floods at
downstream of the Proposed Project.
The retention pond is also capable of draining the
100-year Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) peak flow
from the pond with its emergency spillway.
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3 Surface Water Quality
During the construction stage, water pollution is mainly
from sewage discharge, vehicles maintenance yard,
biomass disposal and indiscriminate disposal of
construction waste. Nevertheless, water quality impacts are
expected to be short term in nature if best management
practices at the construction site are implemented.
During the operational stage, Water Quality Analysis and
Simulation Program modelling revealed that the impact is
not expected to be significant where normal, abnormal and
worst case spill scenarios of the water quality simulation
indicates that most of the river segments will be within
Class II and III of the NWQS.
Construction Stage
Proper toilets and septic tanks are installed at workers‟
camp and site offices.
Oil and grease must not be disposed of into waterways
and any spillage must be cleaned up promptly.
Construction of secondary containment for oil storage.
Operational Stage
Ensure that leachate from the Proposed Project site is
treated to the Second Schedule (Regulation 13) of the
Environmental Quality (Control of Pollution from Solid
Waste Transfer Station and Landfill) Regulations 2009.
Conduct regular monitoring of leachate parameters
and online monitoring for ammoniacal nitrogen.
Conduct regular audits of leachate treatment system to
minimise breakdown of equipment and machinery.
Prepare a spill response plan to address emergency
release of leachate and effective mitigation of spills.
Residual water quality
impacts are expected.
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Table ES-4: Summary of Potential Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts (Cont.)
No. Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Residual Impacts
4 Hydrogeology
Groundwater in the weathered overlain material generally
flows towards the south and locally flows into Sg. Jimah
and Sg. Runtoh. Groundwater in the main aquifer flows
southwards to Malacca Strait and to the adjacent rivers as
well.
Modular Path-line model and Modular Transport Three
Dimensional Multi Species model predicted that any
contaminant discharge from the Proposed Project site is
expected to flow underground in the groundwater flow
direction and will reach Sg. Jimah about 50 years as well
as Sg. Runtoh about 60 years.
The construction and maintenance of perimeter drains
surrounding the landfill site will minimise the spreading of
leachate underground and control the surface run-off
from the tipping area.
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5 Air Quality
During the construction stage, Industrial Source Complex
Short Term Version 3 model predicted that the maximum
24-hour ambient air concentration of total suspended
particulate (TSP) at Kg. 107 Ekar and the Proposed Project
site are 386 µg/m3 and 1,551 µg/m
3 respectively if no
control measures are implemented. With control measures
the TSP concentration will be within the Malaysian Ambient
Air Quality Guidelines (260 µg/m3).
During the operational stage, the predicted concentrations
of TSP outside the Proposed Project site are within the
guidelines limit even without dust control measures.
At Kg. 107 Ekar, the predicted average methane and
NMOC concentrations are 739 µg/m3 and 5 µg/m
3
respectively.
Construction Stage
Permanent surfacing of all heavily-used incoming
access roadways with concrete and asphalt.
All temporary access roads should be surfaced with
crushed gravel or crusher run.
A washing bay with high-pressure water jet facilities
shall be provided for cleaning vehicles.
Access roadways shall be wetted down to minimise
fugitive dust emissions.
Transport vehicles and construction machinery shall
be regularly serviced and properly maintained.
Topsoil stockpiles should be kept covered or have a
suitable dust palliative applied.
Suitable dust palliative or watering should be applied
to unsealed roads.
TSP is generally low and
insignificant.
Methane and carbon
dioxide emission is
negligible in relation to
national and global
emissions.
Other gaseous pollutants
do not have any significant
impact on air quality as the
amount emitted is in trace
amounts.
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Table ES-4: Summary of Potential Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts (Cont.)
No. Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Residual Impacts
Operational Stage
The most effective means of reducing dust emissions
is to pave roadways and any other areas where there
is a regular movement of vehicles.
Exposed areas should be covered wherever practical
either by paving or turfing.
The Proposed Project site should demonstrate good
maintenance and housekeeping practices.
Incoming waste that are light, powdery and has a
propensity to become fugitive dust emissions must be
moved very carefully and must be covered with other
waste or cover soil as soon as possible.
Earthwork activities should be minimised during windy
periods.
6 Odour
During the operational stage, the predicted 24-hour
average odour levels at the Proposed Project site and
Kg. 107 Ekar are < 1.0 ou for the properly managed
scenario. However, the predicted odour levels increase to
26.2 ou and 1.3 ou at the Proposed Project site and Kg.
107 Ekar respectively for the no proper management
scenario.
Odour nuisance based on emissions from the proposed
landfill which is properly managed is predicted to be
insignificant. However, if the landfill is poorly managed
odour may become a nuisance up to a kilometre from the
Proposed Project site.
Incoming waste odours can be most effectively
controlled by prompt spreading, compaction and
covering to prevent exposure of the waste.
Adequate aeration is usually effective in controlling
leachate odours typically at the MRF.
Spillage of waste materials and its accompanying
residues should be removed as quickly as possible by
dry washing.
Sorting activities at the MRF should be conducted
within 12 hours of waste delivery.
Garbage trucks should be closed and equipped with
leachate collection system to prevent spillage of
leachate on roads and generation of bad odour.
Malodour is present.
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Table ES-4: Summary of Potential Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts (Cont.)
No. Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Residual Impacts
7 Noise
During the construction stage, noise levels are expected to
be insignificant as construction activities are confined to
day time and temporary in nature.
During the operational stage, noise levels at various
baseline sampling sites are not expected to increase
significantly, the nearest residential area of Kg. 107 Ekar
where noise is predicted remains at 62.4 dBA.
Mitigation and management measures are recommended
to further minimise any noise impacts:
Construction and operational activities are confined to
daytime operations from 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.
Conduct regular maintenance on machinery/
equipment/vehicles to minimise excessive noise.
Retain existing vegetation around the Proposed
Project site boundary.
Incorporate applicable and practicable silencers and
enclosures for machineries or equipment.
Insignificant.
8 Land Use
The Proposed Project site is located within the low risk
zone of environmental sensitive areas. The nearest
sensitive receptor, Kg. 107 Ekar is approximately 700 m
from the Proposed Project boundary. The other settlements
are located more than 1 km away.
The buffer zone at the north of the Proposed Project site
shall be preserved.
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Table ES-4: Summary of Potential Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts (Cont.)
No. Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Residual Impacts
9 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna
During the construction stage, the impacts on terrestrial
flora relates to the activities of cutting, clearing and
disposing of the oil palm trunks and leaves. However, these
impacts are not important to the flora as a whole as weed
species are neither economically nor scientifically
important.
During the operational stage, proliferation of pest such as
mosquitoes, houseflies, house rats as well as birds
especially crows at the vicinity will pose a health hazard to
humans because they are known as vectors for various
diseases.
Construction Stage
The most appropriate mitigation measure is to keep the
workers‟ camps clean. Other mitigation measures
include:
Housekeeping shall be conducted at least once a
week or at a more regular basis to minimise
proliferation of pests.
Discourage workers from keeping pets.
Domestic garbage generated from the workers‟ camps
shall be disposed of at the nearby Bukit Palong landfill.
Operational Stage
Soil cover is the most effective measure to minimise
the proliferation of pests hunting for food.
Erection of fence to deter animals from entering the
Proposed Project site.
Daily washing of the sorting area at the MRF is
encouraged to minimise residue waste left in the
facility.
Pest breeding grounds shall be destroyed. Fogging or
spraying of chemicals to control pests shall be
conducted cautiously. Biological control method is
encouraged to be used.
Establishment of monitoring programmes to assess
the health status of aquatic flora and fauna at
downstream of the treated leachate discharge point.
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Table ES-4: Summary of Potential Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts (Cont.)
No. Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Residual Impacts
10 Aquatic Flora and Fauna
During the construction stage, adverse impacts would be
significant if there are no proper wastewater management
facilities provided for sewage and sullage. Excessive
ammoniacal nitrogen can affect the fish in terms of growth
rate, hatching and changes in tissues of gills, liver and
kidneys.
High suspended sediment concentrations within rivers can
affect the behaviour, health, reproduction and habitat of
freshwater fish. High levels of suspended sediment can
clog gills or cause gill abrasion, reduce light penetration,
thus suppressing photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton
and algae.
During the operational stage, high concentration
of ammonia from the leachate can have an effect on
growth, reproduction and survival of invertebrates, fishes
and aquatic plants.
Construction Stage
Mitigation measures recommended in the above for
surface water quality and soil erosion will minimise the
adverse impacts for fish.
Operational Stage
The leachate treatment plant must always be operated
and maintained to ensure the final discharge is always
in compliance with the Second Schedule (Acceptable
Discharge Conditions for Discharge of Leachate),
Regulation 13 of the Environmental Quality (Control of
Pollution from Solid Waste Transfer Station and
Landfill) Regulations 2009.
Composting facility shall be lined with geo-synthetic
liners to prevent percolation of leachate into
groundwater.
The ponds in the LTP must all be lined to ensure the
leachate does not infiltrate into the soil and
groundwater.
The wash waters generated at the composting plant,
MRF and the truck wash must be channelled to the
raw leachate holding pond of the LTP.
All landfill surface run-off shall be diverted away from
the landfill cell to reduce the amount of leachate
generated.
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Table ES-4: Summary of Potential Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts (Cont.)
No. Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Residual Impacts
11 Health
During the construction stage, ambient total suspended
particulate is a main concern if no control measures are
undertaken.
During the operational stage, total suspended particulate
and gaseous pollutants are expected to be generated.
A potential problem that may arise from the operation of the
Proposed Project is creation of breeding sites for rodents
and disease vectors like flies, cockroaches and
mosquitoes.
Mitigation measures for health issues are:
Medical screening and immunisation of workers.
Fogging at active working areas.
Use of face masks for protection against respirable
dusts by landfill workers.
Regular water spraying to reduce dust generation.
Minimise possibility of pest breeding and the spread of
pest-related diseases.
Minimise solid waste spillage during collection,
transportation and disposal at the Project site.
All deposited waste in the cell must be adequately
covered with soil cover material at the end of each
day's operation.
No human scavengers should be allowed within the
Proposed Project site.
Setting up of washing and cleaning facilities for
workers in the landfill and encouraging them to
maintain personal hygiene.
Health risks of water
pollutants are acceptable.
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Table ES-4: Summary of Potential Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts (Cont.)
No. Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Residual Impacts
12 Traffic Management
Based on normal annual growth of 3% per annum, future
level of service (LOS) for FR5 (Ladang Tanah Merah
stretch) is estimated to be in good LOS for with and without
the Proposed Project scenarios.
The Proposed Project will not have a significant impact to
the existing road network but some mitigation measures
can be considered including:
Proper traffic management and road signages and
markings should be installed along the construction
roads.
Vehicle speed control to minimise risk of accidents.
Heavy traffic.
13 Socio-Economy
At the time of the social survey, responses from the
households showed that 40.3% of the households agreed
and supported the Proposed Project, 52.3% disagreed and
did not support it. The remaining 7.4% did not think that it
was important for them to answer or did not have any
knowledge about sanitary landfills.
The perceived negative impacts by the respondents were
mainly related to:
i) movement of heavy vehicles (garbage trucks) which the
residents perceived will make roads leading to the
Proposed Project site unsafe;
ii) influx of workers (including foreign workers) at the
Proposed Project site which would be a social threat to
the local residents;
iii) perceptions that deteriorating air quality, pollution and
contamination of water will cause health problems; and
iv) disruption of livestock-rearing activities which are
currently carried out in the area.
Most of the socio-economy issues highlighted by the
residents have been discussed. Public concerns and
issues also can be addressed through proper channels of
communication to address their worries and disputes.
Priority should be given to local residents for any job
opportunities during the construction and operational
stages.
Undertake surveys to identify if any issues raised by
the local residents still persist although mitigation
measures have been undertaken.
A special committee should be established. The
committee shall consist of representatives from the
operator and head of each settlement within the 5 km
zone and local authorities.
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8.0 QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Analysis of the transportation route and the proposed landfill site is summarised as follows:
i) Transportation of the wastes to the landfill site should be carried out during the off-peak hours.
ii) Traffic control system at the entrance to the landfill site should be implemented i.e. installation of traffic lights system to prevent collision of vehicles coming in and going out from the landfill site to the main road.
iii) The trucks used should be fully covered to prevent wastes from dropping along the route to the Proposed Project site.
iv) The drivers should have valid class of driving license and trained to handle heavy vehicles on busy roads.
v) During the construction stage of the Proposed Project, safety rules and guidelines of the construction site should be implemented and control of contractors should be implemented to avoid mishaps at the work site. This would involve lifting of heavy equipment using cranes, excavation of soil for “cell” preparation and building foundations, and general site preparation.
vi) During the operational stage traffic movement at the landfill site should be regulated to prevent collision accidents and a proper waiting area should be allocated for the trucks.
vii) The landfill site is to be designed with gas collection piping system and the vent or flare as the case may be, should be located in a safe area within the landfill site boundary.
viii) The “cells” should have an impervious layer to prevent rainwater or leachate from contaminating the ground water.
ix) Strict administration of the landfill site is to be implemented to prevent trespassing and to avoid fires from being started by trespassers.
x) Driving speed at the landfill site is to be regulated to a speed of 25 km per hour.
xi) Monitoring of the gases should be carried out to ensure that the areas are not blanketed by toxic gases evolved from the decomposition of the waste. This is especially so in the case of hydrogen sulphide.
xii) The risk of fires at the landfill site is limited to 1 x 10-5 per year from lightning. Risk of deliberate ignition of waste is not calculated as this is considered as sabotage and as such cannot be quantified.
xiii) The risk of gas migrating to surrounding areas is negligible as the landfill site will be designed to the proper standard and impervious layering using clay or membranes will be implemented in the construction of the landfill “cells”.
xiv) A detail study should be carried out prior to implementing the “cell” construction, as it will be the crucial part of the landfill operation. This would involve the design of vehicle movement route within the dump site area and the gradient of slope to prevent landslides within the cell.
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9.0 ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Economic study of the environment impacts on health, farm yield, fisheries, livestock,
industries and land value indicated that they are insignificant.
10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) aims to facilitate the planning, controlling and
monitoring of remedial activities and enforcement by the DOE in ascertaining that all
conditions are complied with, when the plan is carried out. The EMP highlights the
following:
(a) Environmental Policy
It is an organisation‟s aim and commitments towards the spirit of environmental protection
and management based on environmental requirements, legislations and guidelines.
(b) Organisational Structure
The parties involved in the Proposed Project are:
JPSPN
Main Contractor
Main Operator
Environmental Consultant
Environmental Auditor
(c) Environmental Requirements
Environmental requirements including the Terms and Conditions of EIA Approval, the
relevant legal requirements and several guidelines are listed for reference.
(d) Environmental Monitoring and Inspection Programmes
Environmental monitoring and inspection programmes were proposed to ensure that the
environment impacts within and surrounding the Proposed Project site are being checked
regularly. These programmes should be developed based on the requirements of the
Terms and Conditions of EIA Approval and the recommendations of this DEIA Report.
The proposed monitoring programmes include:
Surface Water
Groundwater
Leachate Effluent
Air Quality
Odour
Noise
Soil Erosion and Sedimentation
Solid Waste Disposal
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Scheduled Wastes and Hazardous Materials
Wastewater Discharge
Biological
In additional, performance monitoring during the operational stage is recommended.
Maintenance of records is one of the main elements in the performance monitoring.
Environmental management and protection for the Proposed Project abandonment during
the planning, construction and operational stages were also addressed in the EMP.
(e) Emergency Response Plan
Emergency response plan (ERP) highlights the action to be taken if any emergencies
occur due to natural hazards and accidents. The ERP for the Proposed Project site
should be prepared once the organisation and operational aspects of the landfill site has
been finalised. This would cover areas involving accidents at site, slope failures, handling
of wastes and fire at cells.
11.0 CONCLUSION
The expected increase in the generation of the solid waste and the rapid depletion of
existing capacity at the Bukit Palong and Sua Betong landfills indicate there is an urgent
need to develop an integrated solid waste management facility that would cater for all
types of municipal waste generated from the four districts, namely: Seremban, Port
Dickson, Tampin and Rembau.
Environmental issues and pollution derived from construction and operational activities
will be reduced to an acceptable level if adequate mitigation measures and best
management practices are implemented. Therefore, the operator of the sanitary landfill
must ensure that all mitigation measures and best management practices are carried out
accordingly.