vi
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................ i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................. ii
SURAT PERNYATAAN....................................................................................... iii
PRAKATA ............................................................................................................. iv
DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR SINGKATAN ..................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. ix
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................... x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................... xi
INTISARI .............................................................................................................. xii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 1
1.1. Latar Belakang ................................................................................. 1
1.2. Perumusan Masalah ......................................................................... 4
1.3. Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................. 4
1.3.1. Tujuan Umum ........................................................................ 4
1.3.2. Tujuan Khusus ....................................................................... 4
1.4. Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................... 5
1.4.1. Maanfaat Teoritis ................................................................... 5
1.4.2. Manfaat Praktis ...................................................................... 5
BAB II TINJUAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................ 6
2.1. Jantung ............................................................................................. 6
2.1.1. Histopatologi .......................................................................... 6
2.1.2. Anatomi .................................................................................. 6
2.1.3. Histologi ................................................................................. 8
2.1.4. Fisiologi ............................................................................... 10
2.1.5. Faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi Gambaran Histopatologi
Otot Jantung ......................................................................... 10
2.2. Tenggelam dan Lama Waktu Kematian ........................................ 18
2.2.1. Tenggelam ............................................................................ 18
2.2.2. Lama Waktu Kematian ........................................................ 27
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2.3. Medium Air ................................................................................... 38
2.4. Pengaruh lama waktu kematian pada medium air asin dan air tawar
terhadap gambaran histopatologis otot jantung ............................. 40
2.5. Kerangka Teori .............................................................................. 44
2.6. Kerangka Konsep .......................................................................... 45
2.7. Hipotesis ........................................................................................ 45
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 46
3.1. Jenis dan Rancangan Penelitian ..................................................... 46
3.2. Variabel Penelitian dan Definisi Operasional ............................... 46
3.2.1. Variabel Penelitian ............................................................... 46
3.2.2. Defini Operasional ............................................................... 46
3.3. Populasi dan Sampel ...................................................................... 47
3.3.1. Populasi Penelitian ............................................................... 47
3.3.2. Sampel Penelitian ................................................................. 47
3.4. Instrumen dan bahan Penelitian ..................................................... 48
3.4.1. Instrumen Penelitian ............................................................ 48
3.4.2. Bahan Penelitian .................................................................. 49
3.5. Cara Penelitian ............................................................................... 50
3.6. Tempat dan waktu penelitian ......................................................... 51
3.6.1. Tempat penelitian ................................................................. 51
3.6.2. Waktu Penelitian .................................................................. 51
3.7. Analisis Hasil ................................................................................. 51
3.8. Alur Kerja Penelitian ..................................................................... 52
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................... 53
4.1. Hasil Penelitian .............................................................................. 53
4.2. Pembahasan ................................................................................... 59
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................ 67
5.1. Kesimpulan .................................................................................... 67
5.2 Saran .............................................................................................. 67
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 68
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DAFTAR SINGKATAN
ADP : Adenosine diphosphate
ATP : Adenosine triphosphat
BASARNAS : Badan Sar Nasional
BOD : Biochemical Oxygen Deman
COD : Chemical Oxygen Deman
DNA : Deoxyribonucleic acid
DO : Dissolved Oxygen
LPPT : Laboratorium Penelitian dan Pengujian Terpadu
PAU : Pusat Antar Universitas
RNA : Ribonucleic acid
RSUP : Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat
UGM : Universitas Gajah Mada
WHO : World Health Organizations
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1. Histologi Otot Jantung ........................................................................ 8
Gambar 2.2. Struktur sel saat nekrosis, apoptosis, dan autopagi ........................... 15
Gambar 2.3. Hubungan antara fungsi sel, kematian dan gambaran ...................... 17
Gambar 2. 4 Gambaran ultrastruktur pada otot jantung ........................................ 42
Gambar 4. 1 Gambaran histopatologi otot jantung pada medium kematian air
laut dan air tawar dalam berbagai waktu pengamatan ...................... 56
Gambar 4. 2 Gambaran Histopatologi ................................................................... 58
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 4. 1 Hasil pengamatan histopatologi otot jantung pada tikus yang
ditenggelamkan dalam air laut ............................................................ 53
Tabel 4. 2 Perbedaan gambaran histopatologi otot jantung berdasarkan lama
waktu kematian pada medium air laut................................................. 54
Tabel 4. 3 Hasil pengamatan histopatologi otot jantung pada tikus yang
ditenggelamkan dalam air tawar ......................................................... 55
Tabel 4. 4 Perbedaan gambaran histopatologi otot jantung berdasarkan lama
waktu kematian pada medium air tawar .............................................. 56
Tabel 4. 5 Hasil perbedaan histopatologi otot jantung pada tikus yang
ditenggelamkan dalam air laut dan air tawar dalam berbagai waktu
pengamatan.......................................................................................... 57
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Hasil Analisis Statistik Gambaran Histopatologi Otot Jantung......... 70
Lampiran 2 Surat Permohonan Ijin Penelitian ...................................................... 80
Lampiran 3 Surat Penelitian Pusat Studi Pangan dan Gizi UGM ......................... 81
Lampiran 4 Surat Keterangan Bebas Peminjaman................................................ 82
Lampiran 5 Hasil Histopatologi Air Tawar .......................................................... 83
Lampiran 6 Hasil Histopatologi Air Laut ............................................................. 84
Lampiran 7 Ethical Clearance .............................................................................. 85
Lampiran 8 Dokumentasi Penelitian ..................................................................... 86