CURRICULUM VITAE

NAME: AZHAR BIN ISMAIL

DATE OF BIRTH: December 23, 1953

POSITION: Director General

ORGANIZATION: Malaysian Cocoa Board(MCB)

ADDRESS: Malaysian Cocoa Board5th & 6th Floors, Wisma SEDCOLocked Bag 21188999 Kota KinabaluSabah

DATE OF INITIAL APPOINTMENT: March 31, 1975

EDUCATION: LCE - Sekolah Dato Abd. Razak, Tg. Malim, Perak, - 1969MCE - Royal Military College, Sg. Besi, Selangor - 1971Dip. Agric., University of Agriculture Malaysia - 1975B.S (Entom), University of California at Davis, USA - 1978M.S (Entom), Washington State University, Pullman, USA - 1981Ph.D. (Entom) minor in Statistics, Washington State University, Pullman, USA - 1992

EXPERIENCE: Research Assistant (1975-1976)Cocoa and Coconut Division,MARDI Hilir Perak, Teluk Intan

Research Officer (Entomologist) (1981-1985)Cocoa and Coconut Research CenterMARDI Hilir Perak, Teluk Intan

Research Officer and Pegawai MARDI di Negeri Sabah (1985-1989)MARDI, Cocoa Research StationQuion Hill, Tawau, Sabah

Research and Teaching Assistant (1990-1992)Department of EntomologyWashington State UniversityPullman, Wa 99164-6382, USA

Senior Research Officer (Entomologist) (1989-1999)Cocoa and Coconut Research CenterMARDI Hilir Perak, Teluk Intan

Center Manager/Principal Scientist (Entomologist) (1999-2001)

Cocoa Research and Production CenterMalaysian Cocoa Board Hilir Perak, Teluk Intan

Director GeneralMalaysian Cocoa Board

SPECIALIZATION:Theoretical and Applied Insect EcologyQuantitative Entomology (Sampling Statistics)Insect Behavior (Fire flies and cocoa black ants))Insect Plant Interactions (Host-plant resistance)Biological ControlIntegrated Pest Management (IPM)Pollination Ecology

RESEARCH PROJECTS:(Past and Present)

1. Ecology and management of Helopeltis in cocoa (past)2. Cocoa pollination ecology (past)3. Developing efficient management of honeybees under cocoa and

coconut ecosystems (past)4. Integrated Pest Management of coconut pests with major emphasis on

rhinocerus beetle (past)5. Studies on insects of cocoa shade trees (past)6. Establishment and maintenance of cocoa and coconut entomological

reference collection (past)7. Ecology and behavior of fireflies (past)8. Biology and ecology of the cocoa pod borer (CPB) and rambutan fruit

borer (present)9. Host plant interactions of CPB (present)10. Development of CPB egg sampling plans and economic thresholds

(present)11. Host-parasitoid interactions of the CPB and its egg parasitoids

(present)12. Ecology of ants-mealybug interactions and their roles in the

management of CPB (present)13. Biological control of CPB (present)14. Evaluation of IPM tactics (chemical and cultural) in the management

of CPB (present)15. Chemical ecology of the cocoa black ant (CBA), a natural biological

control agent of the CPB.16. Value of sample information in the management of CPB17. Development of acoustic means of determining cocoa black ant

colony strength in the artificial nests

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PUBLICATIONS:Refreed

Azhar, I. 1982. Multiple parasitism and its potential in the management of selected cocoa pests. Teknol. Pert. MARDI 3: 148-155. (In Malay)

Azhar, I. and G.E. Long. 1982. Interactions among parasites of the larch casebearer (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) in northern Idaho. Environ. Entomol. 11: 1242-1247.

Azhar, I. 1984. The process and roles of systematic entomology in the management of insect pest. Teknol. Pert. MARDI 5:96-103. (In Malay).

Azhar, I., S.M. Wahi, M.A. Norhazazi, and P. Murni. 1984. Assessment of Brachyplatys vahlii F. (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) egg parasitism by chemical dissection. MARDI Res. Bull. 12: 230-233.

Azhar, I. 1986. Ancaman pengorek buah koko (Conopomorpha cramerella) terhadap industri koko di Malaysia. I. Perihal biologi dan kerosakan. Teknol. Koko-Kelapa MARDI 2:53-60.

Azhar, I. 1986. Ancaman pengorek buah koko (Conopomorpha cramerella) terhadap industri koko di Malaysia. II. Tektik-tektik kawalan. Teknol. Koko-Kelapa MARDI 2:61-69.

Azhar, I. 1986. Ancaman pengorek buah koko (Conopomorpha cramerella) terhadap industri koko di Malaysia. III. Pengurusan perosak bersepadu dan langkah-langkah awal pencegahan serangan perosak ini. Teknol. Koko-Kelapa MARDI 2:71-76.

Azhar, I. and M.A. Sabudin. 1988. A field evaluation of an insecticide formulation for the management of cocoa pod borer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). MARDI Res. J. 16:181-186.

Azhar, I. 1988. Identification of insect pests of cocoa through damage and symptoms. MARDI Rep. No. 22. 26 pp.

Zack, R.S. and I. Azhar. 1988. Economic entomology, systematics, and a national collection of insects. Planters, Kuala Lumpur 64: 398-401.

Azhar, I., S.M. Wahi and M.A. Norhazazi. 1988. Beekeeping and coconut nectar - the problem of bee mortality. Teknol. Koko-Kelapa MARDI 4: 35-39. (In Malay)

Azhar, I. 1989. Towards the development of integrated pest management of Helopeltis in Malaysia. MARDI Res. J. 17: 55-68.

Azhar, I. 1990. Cocoa pollinators and approaches to enhance pollination in Malaysia. MARDI Rep. 138. 9 pp.

Azhar, I. 1990. Studies on the sclerotic layer hardness of cocoa pods. MARDI Res. J. 18:.63-70.

Azhar, I. 1990. Post-harvest management of the cocoa pod borer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). MARDI Res. J. 18: 71-80.

Azhar, I. and G.E. Long. 1991. The Ecology of Cocoa Pod Borer, Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), in Malaysia: Dispersion pattern and sampling plan for eggs on pods. J. Pl. Prot. Trop. 8:98-102.

Azhar, I., S. Roslan, R. Abd Karim, M.J. Zailani and M.A. Norhazazi. 1991. The influence of shade in the management of Helopeltis in Malaysia. Teknologi Koko-Kelapa MARDI. 6: 21-24. (In Malay).

Azhar, I., S. Roslan, R. Abd Karim, M.J. Zailani. 1992. The use and effectiveness of sump engine oil in the management of cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella (Snell.). Teknol. Koko-Kelapa MARDI 8: 21-28.

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Azhar, I. and G.E. Long. 1993. Role of pod shape, color and spatial distribution on egg distribution and egg parasitism of the cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). MARDI Res. J. 21: 59-70.

Azhar, I. G.E. Long and M.J. Musa. 1995. Qualitative and multivariate analyses of clonal resistance to cocoa pod borer. The Planters 71: 307-321.

Azhar, I. 1995. An overview on the management of key insect pests of cocoa with major emphasis on the cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella. The Planters 71: 469-480.

Azhar, I. and G.E. Long. 1996. Effect of cocoa pod age on distribution and egg parasitism of the cocoa pod borer in Malaysia. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 81: 81-89.

Long, G.E. and I. Azhar. 1996. The Ecology of Cocoa Pod Borer, Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), in Malaysia: Dispersion pattern for eggs among trees. MARDI Res. J. 24: 163-168.

Rashid, M.M., S.T.S. Hassan, I. Azhar, A. Alwi and M.Y. Hussein. 1998. Variable intensity sampling: Developing operational plans for the green leafhopper in wet paddy ecosystem in Malaysia. J. Trop. Agric. and Fd. Sc. 26: 41-50.

Rashid, M.M., S.T.S. Hassan, I. Azhar, A. Alwi and M.Y. Hussein. 1998. Variable intensity and fixed-size sampling plans: Comparative analysis using simulated Nephotettix spp. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) populations in wet paddy ecosystem in Malaysia. J. Trop. Agric. and Fd. Sc. 26: 41-50.

Rashid, M.M., S.T.S. Hassan, I. Azhar and A.R. Ismail. 1999. Comparative analysis on ecosystem diversity indices using SAS computer programming. J. Trop. Agric. and Fd. Sc. 27: 177-192.

Azhar, I. and G.E. Long. 2000. Effect of insecticides on parasitism of cocoa pod borer eggs by Trichogrammatoidea bactrae fumata Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on cocoa. Int. J. Pest Manage. (In press).

Azhar, I., W.J. Turner and G.E. Long. 1998. Host race formation and implications in the tropics: A case of cocoa pod borer in Malaysia. Int. J. Pest Manage. (Submitted).

Non-Refreed

Azhar, I. and S. Jamaludin. 1982. An outbreak and some notes of the noctuid, Achaea janata L., on Excoecaria agallocha L. in Hutan Melintang Perak. Malaysian Plant Protection Society (MAPPS) Newsl. 6: 2-3.

Azhar, I., M.J. Musa and C.H. Lee. 1983. Some preliminary observations on the ecology of selected cocoa pests in West Malaysia. Proc. MAPPS Sem. Adv. Cocoa Plt. Protect., January, 1983. MAPPS Newsl. (Suppl.) 7: 15.

Azhar, I. 1983. Host suicide and superparasitism: implications in field sampling. MAPPS Newsl. 7: 4-5.

Azhar, I. 1985. Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen), a new name for cocoa pod borer. MAPPS Newsl. 9: 4.

Azhar, I. and A.K. Zam. 1986. Cocoa pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen)) - A guide to identification and damage symptoms. National Committee on the Prevention and Control of Cocoa Pod Borer, Peninsular Malaysia. Risalah Pertanian Bil. 12b. Department of Agriculture, Kuala Lumpur. 8 pp.

Azhar, I. and S. Jamaludin. 1990. Pengurusan serangga perosak, m.s. 79-84. Dalam Panduan Penanaman dan Pemprosesan Koko. Kuala Lumpur: Berita Publ. Sdn. dan MARDI.

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Azhar, I. and A.K. Zam. 1992. Cocoa pod borer on the move. MAPPS Newsl. 16(4): 35-36.

Azhar, I. 1992. Role of black ants in CPB natural control. MAPPS Newsl. 16(4): 36-37.

Azhar, I. 1992. Progress and development of cocoa pod borer research in MARDI. MARDI’s Occasional Paper No. 5/94. 6 pp.

Azhar, I. 1993. Mengawal ulat pengorek buah koko. Berita Penyelidikan MARDI. 31: 13.

Proceedings, Book Chapters and Theses

Azhar, I. 1981. Interactions of Agathis pumila (ratz.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Chrysocharis laricinellae (Ratz.) (Hymenoptera: Eulopidae) on Larch Casebearer, Coleophora laricella (Hbn.), (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) in Northern Idaho. MS Thesis, Washington State University, Pullman, USA. 98 pp.

Azhar, I. dan S. Jamaludin. 1981. Insect pests of cocoa and their management. Proc. Sem. Contemporary Cocoa Technology I, Teluk Intan, Malaysia, 1985. Kuala Lumpur: MARDI. Pp. 171-186. (In Malay).

Kang, S.M., I. Azhar, W.H. Loke and M.J. Musa. 1983. The cocoa pod borer, Acrocercops cramerella Snellen, in Sabah - A threat to the cocoa industry in Peninsular Malaysia. A report of a visit to Sabah by officers from MARDI and Department of Agriculture, June, 1983. 18 pp.

Azhar, I. 1984. Approaches to the determination of resistant mechanisms in cocoa clones towards cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella (Snell.), and Helopeltis spp. Proc. Nat. Cocoa Breed. Worksh. 1984. Serdang: MARDI.

Azhar, I. 1985. Natural and cultural control in the management of selected cocoa pests, pp. 225-267. In B.S. Lee, W.H. Loke and K.L. Heong (eds.), Integrated pest management in Malaysia. Malaysian Plant Protection Society (MAPPS), Kuala Lumpur.

Azhar, I. 1986. Seasonal and daily activity patterns of Helopeltis theobromae Mill. (Hemiptera: Miridae) and their implications in field control. In Cocoa and Coconuts : Progress and Outlook (ed. E. Pushparajah and P. S. Chew) pp. 305-326. Kuala Lumpur: Incorporated Society of Planters.

Azhar, I. and S.M. Wahi. 1986. Pollination ecology of cocoa in Malaysia: Identification of taxonomic composition and breeding sites, ecology and pollinating activities, and seasonal abundance. In P.S. Chew and E.P. Pushparajah (eds.), Cocoa and coconut: Progress and outlook. Incorporated Society of Planters, Kuala Lumpur.

Azhar, I. and A.G. Ibrahim. 1986. The potential of ceratopogonid midges as insect pollinators of cocoa in Malaysia, pp. 471-484. In M.Y. Hussein and A.G. Ibrahim (eds.), Biological control in the tropics. Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Azhar, I. 1987. Research on cocoa pod borer in Peninsular Malaysia. Panel discussion: Towards practical management of the cocoa pod borer, pp. 180-182. In P.A.C. Ooi, G.C. Luz, K.C. Khoo, C.H. Teoh, M. Md. Jusoh, C.T. Ho, and G.S. Lim (eds.), Management of the cocoa pod borer. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Plant Protection Society (MAPPS).

Azhar, I. 1987. Pengorek buah koko Conopomorpha cramerella - satu ancaman terhadap industri koko di Semenanjung Malaysia. Proc. Sem. Contemporary Cocoa Technology II, Ipoh, Malaysia, 1985. Kuala Lumpur: MARDI.

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Azhar, I. and D.H.K. Lim. 1987. An investigation on the use of host plant resistance and crop manipulation in the management of cocoa pod borer, pp. 83-101. In P.A.C. Ooi, G.C. Luz, K.C. Khoo, C.H. Teoh, M. Md. Jusoh, C.T. Ho, and G.S. Lim (eds.), Management of the cocoa pod borer. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Plant Protection Society (MAPPS).

Azhar, I. 1988. Host plant resistance to cocoa pod borer - A research progress. Proc. MARDI Senior Staff Conf. 1988, Kuala Lumpur. Pp. 1-27.

Azhar, I, and M.J. Musa. 1988. Studies on the faunal and floral communities in the debris of the coconut crown. Proc. Nat. Coconut Conf., Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1982.

Azhar, I. and M. Said. 1989. Effects of cocoa pod borer infestation on dried cocoa bean quality - A preliminary results. Proc. Sem. Contemporary Cocoa Technology III, 13-14 June 1989. Kuala Lumpur: MARDI

Tay, E.B., I. Azhar and H.H. Chan. 1990. Research and management of cocoa pod borer in Malaysia. Proc. MCGC-Malaysian Cocoa Board Workshop on Cocoa Agricultural Research, Kuala Lumpur, 25-26 July 1989. Pp. 93-107.

Azhar, I. 1992. Factors affecting the cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), and its egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae fumata Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in Malaysian cocoa. Ph.D. dissertation, Washington State University, Pullman, USA. 129 pp.

Azhar, I. 1992. Research on cocoa pod borer in MARDI. Proc. Symp. Cocoa Pod Borer Management, Ipoh. Lower Perak and North Selangor CPB Vigilante Group and ISP.

Azhar, I. 1994. Ants-mealybugs interactions in cocoa: Density-dependent mutualism?, pp. 88-89. In A. Rajan and Y. Ibrahim (eds. ), Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Plt. Protect. Trop. Kuala Lumpur: MAPPS.

Azhar, I. 1994. Fitting empirical models to the dispersal of cocoa pod borer egg parasitoid after release, pp. 336-338. In A. Rajan and Y. Ibrahim (eds.), Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Plt. Protect. Trop. Kuala Lumpur: MAPPS.

Azhar, I. 1994. Flashing in unison! An entomological phenomenon for ecotourism. Proc. Sem. Ecotourism in Malaysia: Prospect and Potential Impact. Kuala Lumpur: Persatuan Ekologi Malaysia

Azhar, I. 1994. Kaedah dan remeh-temeh penyelidikan entomologi koko. Proc. Konvensyen Kakitangan Bahagian Penyelidikan Koko/Kelapa. 4-7 September 1994, Kuantan, Pahang.

Azhar, I., M. Burke and G. E. Long. 1999. Developing a mechanistic computer model of cocoa pod borer egg population interacting with the egg parasitoid, pp. 139-144. In S. T. S. Hassan, I. Azhar, O. Dzolkhifli and A. S. Sajap (eds.), Entomology in Malaysia Beyond 2000: Exploration, Imploration and Digitization, Proc. 3rd ENTOMA Sem. 1999, Kangar, Perlis. Kuala Lumpur: ENTOMA.

Maisin, N., S. T. S. Hassan, M. Mardan and I. Azhar. 1999. Decision-making tools for pest management in the wet paddy (rice) agroecosystem: A multimedia product, pp. 145-151. In S. T. S. Hassan, I. Azhar, O. Dzolkhifli and A. S. Sajap (eds.), Entomology in Malaysia Beyond 2000: Exploration, Imploration and Digitization, Proc. 3rd ENTOMA Sem. 1999, Kangar, Perlis. Kuala Lumpur: ENTOMA.

Azhar, I. 2000. Research on cocoa pod borer in the Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB). Proc. of the Workshop on Cocoa Research in MCB, August 2000, Tawau, Sabah, MCB.

Azhar, I. 2000. Effect of management practices on the dispersion pattern of the cocoa pod borer egg in a Malysian cocoa plantation. Proc. Conf. For. For. Prod. (CFFPR) Ser. – Insect Diversity and

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Conservation in the Tropics, 2-3 Oct. 2000, FRIM. Kual Lumpur: FRIM. ENTOMA and APAFRI.

Noorazlin M. Ali, I. Azhar and S.T.S. Hassan. 2000. Dispersion of cocoa pod borer egg population in cocoa-coconut ecosystems. Proc. Conf. For. For. Prod. (CFFPR) Ser. – Insect Diversity and Conservation in the Tropics, 2-3 Oct. 2000, FRIM. Kual Lumpur: FRIM. ENTOMA and APAFRI.

Ruzila Abdullah, I. Azhar and S.T.S. Hassan. 2000. The role of cocoa black ant (CBA), Dolichodereus thoracicus, in the dispersal of cocoa mealybugs, Cataenococcus hispidus. Proc. Conf. For. For. Prod. (CFFPR) Ser. – Insect Diversity and Conservation in the Tropics, 2-3 Oct. 2000, FRIM. Kual Lumpur: FRIM. ENTOMA and APAFRI.

Azhar, I. and S. T. S Hassan. 2000. Introduction to fundamental statistical concepts relevant to sampling. Submitted to Sampling in the management and conservation of insect in Malaysia, I. Azhar and STS Hassan (eds.). Kuala Lumpur: Entomological Society of Malaysia (ENTOMA).

Azhar, I. and S. T. S Hassan. 2000. Principles of insect sampling. Submitted to Sampling in the management and conservation of insect in Malaysia, I. Azhar and STS Hassan (eds.). Kuala Lumpur: Entomological Society of Malaysia (ENTOMA).

Azhar, I. 2000. Sampling of insects in cocoa and coconut ecosystems. Submitted to Sampling in the management and conservation of insect in Malaysia, I. Azhar and STS Hassan (eds.). Kuala Lumpur: Entomological Society of Malaysia (ENTOMA).

Azhar, I. 2000. Sampling aspect in the studies of fireflies. Submitted to Sampling in the management and conservation of insect in Malaysia, I. Azhar and STS Hassan (eds.). Kuala Lumpur: Entomological Society of Malaysia (ENTOMA).

Rashid, M. A., S. T. S Hassan and I. Azhar. 2000. Sequential and variable intensity sampling of arthropods in agroecosystems. Submitted to Sampling in the management and conservation of insect in Malaysia, I. Azhar and STS Hassan (eds.). Kuala Lumpur: Entomological Society of Malaysia (ENTOMA).

Azhar, I. 2000. Damage profiles of the cocoa pods infested by the cocoa pod borer. Proc. 13 th International Cocoa Research Conference, 14-17 October, 2000. Kota Kinabalu: Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB) and Cocoa Producers Alliance (CPA).

Azhar, I. 2000. Cocoa black ant (CBA) as an indicator of the cocoa and coconut agroecosystem health. Proc. 13th International Cocoa Research Conference, 14-17 October, 2000. Kota Kinabalu: Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB) and Cocoa Producers Alliance (CPA).

Azhar, I. 2000. Measuring ovipositional preference of the cocoa pod borer (CPB) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) to various clones using preference index. Proc. INCOPED 3rd International Seminar on Cocoa Pests and Diseases, 16-17 October, 2000. Kota Kinabalu: Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB) and International Permanent Working Group for Cocoa Pests and Diseases (INCOPED).

Azhar, I., A. Alias and M. Y. Meriam 2000. Research on the management of cocoa pod borer in Malaysia. Proc. INCOPED 3rd International Seminar on Cocoa Pests and Diseases, 16-17 October, 2000. Kota Kinabalu: Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB) and International Permanent Working Group for Cocoa Pests and Diseases (INCOPED).

Azhar, I., Nursamhanim A. J. and S. T. S. Hassan 2000. Variations in local foraging pattern of cocoa black ant (CBA), Dolichoderus thoracicus, within cocoa field. Proc. INCOPED 3rd International Seminar on Cocoa Pests and Diseases, 16-17 October, 2000. Kota Kinabalu: Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB) and International Permanent Working Group for Cocoa Pests and Diseases (INCOPED).

PRESENTED PAPERS

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Azhar, I., Roslan, S. and Norhazazi, M.A. 1986. The cocoa pod borer larval penetration and exit holes in relation to pod hardness and their implications in clonal selection for the host plant resistance breeding programs. Paper presented at the Second International Conference in Plant Protection in the Tropics, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysian Plant Protection Society.

Azhar, I. G.E. Long and M.J. Musa. 1988. Host plant resistance to cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) - Mortality of the first larval instars within cococ pod of different clones. Proc. XVIII Int. Cong. Entomol. Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 3-9 Jul. 1988. Pp. 363.

Azhar, I. and G.E. Long 1990. Screening of cocoa clones resistance to cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella (lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), in Malaysia. Paper presented at the Pacific Branch, Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting, June 1990, Spokane, Washington, USA.

Azhar, I. and G.E. Long 1990. Effect of insecticide applications on the dispersion of cocoa pod borer egg in a Malaysian cocoa plantation. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Entomological Society of America, 1-6 December 1990, New Orleans, Lousiana, USA.

Azhar, I., G.E. Long and M.J. Musa. 1991. Qualitative and multivariate analyses of clonal cocoa resistance to cocoa pod borer. Paper submitted for presentation at the International Cocoa Research Coference, September 1991, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Azhar, I. 1992. Progress and research proposal on cocoa pod borer in MARDI. Paper presented at the MARDI’s Scientific Council Meeting, 30 November 1992, Serdang.

Azhar, I. 1993. Flashing in Unison: An entomological phenomenon for ecotourism. Paper presented at the Persidangan Ekologi II - Ecotourism in Malaysia: Prospects and Potential Impacts, 6-7 September 1993, Kuala Lumpur.

Azhar, I. 1994. Ants-mealybugs interactions in cocoa: Density-dependent mutualism? Paper presented at the 4th Int. Conf. Plt. Protect. Trop, March 1994, Kuala Lumpur.

Azhar, I. 1994. Fitting empirical models to the dispersal of cocoa pod borer egg parasitoid after release. Paper presented at the 4th Int. Conf. Plt. Protect. Trop, March 1994. MAPPS: Kuala Lumpur.

Azhar, I. 1996. Measuring ovipositional preference of the cocoa pod borer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) to various cocoa clones. Paper presented at the National Seminar on Entomology, 18-19 March 1996. Entomological Society of Malaysia (ENTOMA): Kuala Lumpur.

Azhar, I. 1997. Prospects of using cocoa black ant, Dolichoderus thoracicus Smith, as a natural biological control agent of the cocoa pod borer (CPB) in Malaysia. Paper presented at the National Seminar on Entomology, 5-6 March 1997. Entomological Society of Malaysia (ENTOMA): Kuala Lumpur.

Azhar, I. 1999. Sampling of the cocoa pod borer population - Are we doing it right?. Paper presented at the MAPPS Seminar November 1999. Malaysian Society of Plant Protection (MAPPS): Kuala Lumpur.

Azhar, I. 1999. Perpetual infestations of cocoa pod borer on cocoa - Spatial variations in pupal mortality and post-harvest management practices. Paper presented at the MAPPS Seminar November 1999. Malaysian Society of Plant Protection (MAPPS): Kuala Lumpur.

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CONFERENCES ATTENDEDConferences/Seminars:

December 1979 - Annual Conference of the Entomological Society of America, Denver, Colorado.June 1980 - Annual Conference of the Pacific Branch, Entomological Society, Boise, Idaho. (Paper

author).

November 1981 - Seminar on Contemporary Cocoa Technology I, Telok Intan. MARDI. (paper author).

May 1982 - National Coconut Conference, Kuala Lumpur. MARDI. (Paper author).

November 1982 - Seminar on Pesticide Application Technology, Serdang. MAPPS and UPM.

January 1983 - Seminar on Advances in Cocoa Plant Protection, Kuala Lumpur. MAPPS. (Paper author).

1983 - Seminar on Towards better Acceptance of Malaysian Cocoa, Serdang. MARDI and MIFT.

January 1984 - Seminar on Integrated Pest Management in Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. MARDI and MAPPS. (Paper author).

September 1984 - First Regional Symposium on Biological Control in the Tropics. UPM and MAPPS. (Paper author).

October 1984 - International Conference on Cocoa and Coconut, Kuala Lumpur. Incorporated Society of Planters, Malaysia. (author of two papers).

December 1984 - National Cocoa Breeding Workshop, Serdang, Malaysia. MARDI and MCGC. (Paper author).

July 1985 - Seminar on Vascular Streak Dieback in Cocoa, Serdang, Malaysia. MARDI and MCGC.

September 1985 - Seminar on Latest Development in Raw Cocoa Bean Quality Improvement Through Processing and the Malaysian Cocoa Grading System, Tawau. Dept. Agric. Sabah, ISP and Cocoa Growers Association of Sabah (COGASA).

February 1986 - Seminar on Contemporary Cocoa Technology II, Ipoh, Malaysia. MARDI. (paper author).

March 1986 - Second International Conference on Plant Protection in the Tropics, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. MAPPS. (Author of two papers).

March 1987 - Symposium on the Management of Cocoa Pod Borer, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. MAPPS. (Paper author).

July 1988 - XVIII International Congress of Entomology, Vancouver, Canada. Entomological Society of Canada. (Paper author).

December 1989 - Centennial Conference of the Entomological Society of America, San Antonio, Texas, USA.

June 1990 - Pacific Branch, Entomological Society of America Annual Conference, Spokane, Washington. (Paper author).

December 1990 - Annual Conference of the Entomological Society of America, New Orleans, Lousiana. (Paper author).

June 1991 - Annual Conference of the Pacific Branch, Entotmological Society of America, Sacramento, California. (Paper author).

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September 1992 - Symposium on the Management of Cocoa Pod Borer, Ipoh, Perak. Perak and North Selangor Cocoa Pod Borer Vigilante Group.

September 1993 - Persidangan Ekologi II - Ecotourism in Malaysia: Prospect and Potential Impac, Kuala Lumpur. Persatuan Ekologi Malaysia.

December 1993 - Seminar on CPB: Qua vadis, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. MAPPS/MCB/MCGC. (Paper author).

December 1993 - Symposium on Aftermath of CPB, Lumut, Perak. Perak and North Selangor Vigilante Committee.

March 1994 - 4th International Conference on Plant Protection in the Tropics, Kuala Lumpur. MAPPS. (Paper author -2).

June 1994 - Annual Conference of the Pacific Branch, Entomological Society of America, Sparks, Nevada, USA. (Paper author).

September 1994 - Konvensyen Kakitangan Bahagian Penyelidikan Koko/Kelapa, Kuantan, Pahang. (Paper author)

September 1994 - Seminar Sehari Bagi Penubuhan Kumpulan Kerja Teknikal (TWG) Untuk Koko Di Bawah Sektor Pertanian Untuk RM ke 7. Serdang: Malaysian Cocoa Board

October 1994 - Malaysian International Cocoa Conference. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Cocoa Board and Malaysian Cocoa Manaufacturers Association.

June 1995 - Workshop on Trichogrammatoidea bactrae fumata and the use of ants in controlling CPB. Tawau, Sabah: Malaysian Cocoa Board.

July 1995 - Seminar on Plantation Industry in the Industrial Era: Increasing Productivity through Effective and Efficient Management. Teluk Intan: Incorporated Society of Planters (ISP), Lower Perak Branch. (Paper author)

September 1995 - Workshop on Biological Control as a Cornerstone of Integrated Pest Management for Sustainable Agriculture in Southeast Asia. Kuala Lumpur: ACIAR, MARDI and CABI.

October 1995 - Workshop on Management of Cocoa Pod Borer in Southeast Asia. Ujong Pandang, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia: Asosiasi Koko Indonesia (ASKINDO) and American Cocoa Research Institute (ACRI). (Paper author)

December 1995 - Workshop on Commercialization of Research Results. Kuala Lumpur: INTAN & MARDI.

March 1996 – 1st National Seminar on Entomology, 18-19 March 1996. Kuala Lumpur: Entomological Society of Malaysia (ENTOMA). (Paper author)

March 1997 – 2nd National Seminar on Entomology, 5-6 March 1997. Melaka: Entomological Society of Malaysia (ENTOMA). (Paper author)

March 1999 – 3rd National Seminar on Entomology, 6-7 March, 1999, Kangar, Perlis: Entomological Society of Malaysia (ENTOMA). (Paper author)

November 1999 – Kota Kinabalu: Malaysian Plant Protection Society (MAPPS). (Paper author).

July 2000 – Workshop on Cocoa Production, 22 July, 2000. Tawau: Malaysian Cocoa Board. (Paper author)

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October 2000 - Conference on Forestry and Forest Products (CFFPR) Series: Insect Diversity and Conservation in the Tropics, 2-3 October 2000. Kuala Lumpur: FRIM, ENTOMA and APAFRI. (Paper author)

October 2000 – 13th International Cocoa Research Conference, 9-14 October, 2000. Kota Kinabalu Sabah: Cocoa Producers Alliance (CPA) and Malaysian Cocoa Board. (Paper author)

October 2000 – INCOPED 3rd International Seminar on Cocoa Pests and Diseases, 16-17 October, 2000. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah: Malaysian Cocoa Board and International Permanent Working Group for Cocoa Pests and Diseases (INCOPED). (Paper author)

August 2001 – 4th Asia Pacific Congress of Entomology, Kuala Lumpur (Paper author and Technical Committee Cjhairman

Invited Addresses:

October 1985 - Host Plant Resistance as a Component of Integrated Pest Management of the Cocoa Pod Borer. Planters Forum on the Management of Cocoa Pod Borer. Incorporated Society of Planters, Lahad Datu Branch, Sabah, Malaysia.

August 1987 - Cocoa Pollination - Whose Responsibility?. MCGC Mini-seminar on Cocoa Pollination and Compatibility. Malaysian Cocoa Growers Council. Kuala Trengganu, Malaysia.

July 1988 - Cocoa Pod Borer - A National Problem. United Plantation Executive Meeting, Teluk Intan, Malaysia.

October 1995 - Overview of CPB infestation and management in South east Asia. Workshop on Management of Cocoa Pod Borer in Southeast Asia. Ujong Pandang, Sulawesi, Indonesia: ASKINDO and ACRI.

March 1995 - Cocoa pod borer infestation on cocoa. Eleventh Meeting of the Joint/Thailand/Malaysia Plant Quarantine Working Group, Kuala Trengganu, Malaysia.

March 1996 - Biological control of cocoa pod borer using ant. Twelfth Meeting of the Joint/Thailand/Malaysia Plant Quarantine Working Group. Nongkhai, Thailand. 5-7 March 1996.

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ACADEMIC INVOLVEMENTGraduate Students Theses Advisory Committee

PhD F. X. Wangiman Adisobroto (1992-1996)Dept. of Plant ProtectionUniversity Pertanian Malaysia.Thesis: Analysis and Performance of Menochilus sexmaculatus Fibricius

(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as Aphid Predator.Major Advisor: Dr. Mohd. Yusof Hussein (Professor)

PhD Mansor Abd. Rashid (1994-present)Dept. of BiologyUniversity Pertanian MalaysiaThesis: Development, Simulation and Validation of Variable Intensity

Sampling Compared with Cascaded Tripartite Sequential Classification Sampling of Major Wet Paddy Arthropods in Malaysia.

Major Advisor: Dr. Syed Tajuddin Syed Hassan (Professor)

PhD Navis Maisin (1998-present)Dept. of BiologyUniversity Pertanian MalaysiaThesis: Arthropods Sampling and Multimedia Development Major Advisor: Dr. Syed Tajuddin Syed Hassan (Professor)

M.S. Noorazlain Mohd. Ali (2000-present)Dept. of BiologyUniversity Pertanian MalaysiaThesis: Sampling distribution of the Cocoa Pod Borer Eggs: A Multimedia

Approach Coadvisor: Dr. Syed Tajuddin Syed Hassan (Professor)

M.S. Ruzila Abdullah (2000-present)Dept. of BiologyUniversity Pertanian MalaysiaThesis: Establishment of the Cocoa Black Ant as a Natural Biological Control

Agentof the Cocoa Pod Borer in Cocoa.Coadvisor: Dr. Syed Tajuddin Syed Hassan (Professor)

M.S. Saripah Abu Bakar (2000-present)Dept. of BiologyUniversity Pertanian MalaysiaThesis: Value of Sample Information in Management Decision for the Cocoa Pod

Borer Pest Management Coadvisor: Dr. Syed Tajuddin Syed Hassan (Professor)

B.S. (8 students)

External Examiner

M.S. Muhammad Zaini Ab. Rashid (1996)School of Biological SciencesUniversity Science MalaysiaThesis: Spesies Nyamuk Di Kawasan Penanaman Padi Di Seberang Perai,

Pulau Pinang.Major Advisor: Dr. Abu Hassan Ahmad (Assoc. Professor)

SOCIETIES

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1. Malaysian Plant Protection Society - Life member

2. Malaysian Nature Society - Life member

3 Entomological Society of Malaysia (ENTOMA) - Council Member (1995-1997)Vice-President (1997-1999President (1999-present)

4. Incorporated Society of Planters - Lower Perak Branch Executive Council Member

5. Entomological Society of America – member

6. Ecological Society of America – member

7. Washington State Entomological Society – member

8. International Organization of Biological Control (IOBC)

9. Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society (Pullman Chapter)

10 Ecological Society of Malaysia – Member

11 National Geographic Society

PROFESSIONAL COURSE ATTENDED

Effective Middle Management, 10-12 April 2000. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Institute of Management (MIM).

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COMMITTEES

1. Executive Council Member of the Entomological Society of Malaysia (ENTOMA) (1993-1996).

2. Secretary, Perak and North Selangor Cocoa Pod Borer Vigilante Group (1992-1994).

3. National Biological Control Committee - Beneficial Organisms (1984-present).

4. Member of National Cocoa Pod Borer Technical Committee (1993-present).

5. Technical Committee Member, Session Convenor and Session Moderator of the 4th International Conference of Plant Protection in the Tropics (1993-1994).

6. Chairman, Seminar Organizing Committee on Challenges to the Plantation Industry in the 21 Century. Incorporated Society of Planters, Lower Perak Branch. (1995).

7. Technical Subcommittee, Organizing Committee of the National Seminar on Entomology, 18-19 March 1996. Entomological Society of Malaysia (ENTOMA): Kuala Lumpur.

8. Editorial Board Member (Entomology), MARDI Research Journal (1995-1996).

9. Editorial Board Member (Entomology), Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Science (1997-present).

10. National Biological Control Committee - Insect and Mites (1998-present).

11. Member of Organizing Committee of 4th Asia Pacific Congress of Entomology, 14-17 August 2001, Kuala Lumpur.

12. Chairman of Technical Committee, of 4th Asia Pacific Congress of Entomology, 14-17 August 2001, Kuala Lumpur.

AWARDS/GRANTS

1. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) Outstanding Achievement Award - 1986.

2. American Cocoa Research Institute Cocoa Pod Borer Research Grant, 1985-1988 (US$45,000).

3. WSU Graduate School Travel Grant, 1990 (US$298).

4. WSU Department of Entomology Travel Award, 1990 (US$300).

5. Teaching and Research Assistantships, Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 1991-1992 (US$1000/mth)

6. Nominee for the Outstanding Graduate Student Comstock Award, Entomological Society of America Pacific Branch - 1991.

7. Ahli Mahkota Perak (AMP) - 1994

EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES

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1. Represented MARDI Central Zone in hockey and tennis, and soccer for the MARDI's Senior Staff Association.

2. Represented ISP Lower Perak in tennis and soccer for the Lower and Central Perak ISP Annual Games.

3. Represented WSU Department of Entomology in the ESA Linnean Game 1990 and 1991 (1990 ESA Pacific Branch Champion and National Semi-finalist).

4. Executive Council Member of the MARDI’s Senior Staff Association (1992-96).

5. Vice-Chairman PIBG Sekolah Rendah Convent, Teluk Intan, Perak (1992-1997).

6. Committee Member for the New Building Fund, SK Convent, Teluk Intan, Perak (1996-1999)

7. Committee Member of the PIBG MRSM Taiping. ( 2000-present).

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