...

·' . .

.•

1 / · ,,: c5s!J -c.1

01'i~ LA'Mt:"''ltJ LL'l.11.J'rl1.:I ff 'itJ~ LL'i~ ... LL'l.:IUUf;l18L~"ll'i'l.:tff'it1~'1'l~rui'rlfi'Waff'itJ~LtJ'i'l'L;i!J

-~ ... .... <f ii. I O'iWP1"1f1 : fll)Lllt'l'lf'W1flfU L'!lft\J1.:tn'i'ln "''Y nt.:tL'rl'Wi.l,,.1UA'i

tf;l!J

U1.:t111'U'il11ffl -d~!l~U'rlf

'liM't1tJn'<i1fi'~ 03510096

n1'ifffl'lf1L'tl'W1~\dAfl&LutJ~~flf1111J17Atn.J~ r~ 9 S. f\. 255B Ltluihu,,.il.:a"ll'!l.:tn1'iRn'lf1"1i.i,,.ant11'iAaiJflf1t11'iuw.ft" "" ...

ll1A~'i11t1n-l'Mflf11111tffatJ:: A~t1J'i1WAil ,..,,.,~'rl!l1a!IA'it11n'l

\Jn17ffn'lf1 2554

~·· - ,' • .I

'\ .. ., ··1·11· ',. \ .. . ·-,. 1,., '

n~ru~m~n fl~br.i1'1)~1~i1" b~'W'flL~tJ u1~~1r.ib"ll1rfm 6Jlr.itJr.i'u'Vlf bllu~r.iuvi~~"ll'fl~m~~m~n

1?11iivi~n~ l?l~t.fhu nn iai~i.J ~1~ 1?1f1Yru-Yi l?l ~1"JJ1t;i"Jl1i.J~:;~ ~1~ l?lfiai~i.J:; "' ~ ~

di

b~'el'W. ______ ~-~------

(28 ij'W1 riii 2555)

..,. (28 il'W1'"1il 2555)

-

0 0

Fl1'U1

I ii I !I I

"ll!l'l"l!1'Jl-l ~ ~l-lilmtJ~'fl ::;~YJ'flV4tJYUJ 1 l9i-:i ~'W ~1'W1 'Wb~'fl'I n'W1J 1'Vli-:iroi 1 n b~tJ n N ~1'fltJ nm roi f-:iY1 2 q dS q q q

i.J 1' I 11

fl~'Vli-:itl'Cl~1-:i~'W ti;itJvi1'W"fiAhn"l!l-l'W1?11Y1 2 ( 'fl1 m'Vlm) m!f-:i nr-:if 1?1'W tn~'W'Vl f ti;itJvi1'W~rn~'fl'Cl 1tJ

l-J1r.i1 nvi1'Wb"l! roi!l::; 'VI~ c;i n~ bU'W"l!1'J bU!lf b6JltJ~~1J'Vl1J1'Vl~1 ri' ru1 'W~1"1!~1i!n"JJ!l'I m-:i ~1'fltJntJ1 . q QI q q

. !I I I

rl'fl 1~~1 flD b"'l1'1JY41 ~'l!i!'W~tJ ~::;1ii m1 l-1 btl'Wl-11Yl bntJ ':l~!l-:i tc;itJ l?lN rl1J"l!1'J ~'Cl~ l-lil m tJ~!l::;~

b~!l'Cl1tJ bu'flfb6J!tJ

" m ~tJ~::;i;i'u l?1nbbl'i-:1111 tJ1 'WfllJ br.i 1ry"'41 ~'l!i!'Wbb'Cl c;i-:i!l'fl n ~'l~'Vl fi"'4 ~"ll'fl'I M~tJ ::;bU'fl f b6J!tJ

'flr!1-:ii' c;i b"'l'W bb~::;r.i 1 n ri 'J1J.J ~1 ri' '1.J"ll'fl'I flD br.i1b1JV41 ~'1!~1~n ~1'J J.J 1~ 1-:i ~'W ~~~ tJ~-:i1~~ c;iVi 1 " ' .

'Cl 1 ~u Y4 'W fiiu uutl b VJ 'fl~ bA ~1 ::;1htJ bb uu M ~ tJ::; bb~::; bbN U'Wc;i 1~1r.i r.i 1 n ~ 'VlfiY4 ~ M ~ tJ::; bU 'fl f b6J! tJ ..,

1 'WfllJ b"'l1'1J "'41 ~ 'W1~ b t:l 'Wl9i''J!l rJ 1-:i 'Vl~'l "ll 'fl'! n 1 ~~ n ~1 ~ b~ tJ r;i ~'fl'! rl1J M ~ tJ::; b U'fl f b6Jl tJ 1 'W~ 'Cl~ c;i

1 'WtJ~::;b 'Vl ~L 'VltJ bb~::;b ~'fl btl'W~'fl~~~'W~1'W~1V1fom ~~n~1 ~'Wri~1 b~tJr;i riu flll br.i1b1JV41~'l!L'i'fl1tJ " ' " ~ c;i VJ 1tJtJ~~~tJ'VI1' 'I bi] 'W 'fl rJ 1'I~'I~1 'Cl 1 ~ u V4 'W fi 'U u iJ tJ "'l ::; bi] 'W tJ ~::; t tJ "]j 'I! L'i 'fl ~'fl 1 'W

q .., ..,

' " 1?11J.Jroi'J1J.J'CliJrir;i~ bb~::;V11n~c;iV4~1c;itJ~::;m~1c;i~~~tJ~'fl'l"ll'fl'flJltJJ.J1 ru Y1\l~r;itJ ..,

n

... ri1i.:il~"l1nvrti'lt1.:i1uu.f4~flflf4i.:i~tl\uil

"Jltl"lltltJ'ViT:::fllN ~"li'lt1fll1~(;111'-'116 r;i1.L'll1tj ~.:ilcy'll~ ~ntru1frnilutl1'-'116 .J .. r! 41\" 0 0 ti J ... I Ci I 4 SI -. .. 'Vlufntf1U.~:: ~ 'Mfll'lU. u::u1 !fl~~ u.~::11u. u::u:l'::L{;t'IJV11.:i1 :l''JJJCH nrru1 V!:l''J'i LLn'iu~1 :1''1.!'Vi'l.!fi

.... ' i1UtJUt\1iJ11Cl~1L~f4ft'Nluiit\r;i • •

"1ltl"11'tltJ'Vi1:fllN 'tl1'-'116~~ilitt Ltl1i.Jflf4~u'ti ~n1ru1frnilun11i.in11t\tltJLLf4:'l.'" fi1u.u:u1lumnJfuut.:iu.n\"11Lil'tlvr1u.f4:zt]L~i.1

4lltl"JltltJ'Vi1:;filru tl1"l116'Vln1 vi1u'l.uf'lru:;tu11ruf'l~ tr;imil'Vi1:tl1'i11lliu.n1fil':l'l11

tl1:::1ii fll1~ (;lfiilstl:::u.f4:::111flil'll1111i;-1t1.:i mpi ~1.iJli.i'tltJfl'l1i.1i fi1 u. u:::u1 'l. unt1il'll1 ;h.:i1

(;lf4tlf;l'-''l..l'-'tJm1~ntt1 '.::I ..J o ..ii ., t- L o ..,. r ..J 'I ,; "

"1l'tltJf'lNi;.i1tl 'VIU.U:::U1L1'tl..:IVl'l"11tl U011'Vl1~11'1..l'Vi'l..lfi LLfl:::"D'ltl ~Un"l1LntJ'JltliJf4 . .. ... '

ll1fl~U1iJL'Ll'V!n1 flf..:i ni.io..:iihi..:il"lvti'.1l'"r-1uLt\i.ltliJ1

4lltltJf>1Niltlu ~"li'lt1(;11'l"lun1uL~i.1 us:fl'l1i.1"li'lmV1~tlLU\'ln1 iJl'lu ni.i~..:iri1i..:il"' ~nl'"nui.11 ti;it1(;1f4tl(;I

"Jltl1J"lCU;j oft! Tffltltl n 1.1.fl:::L~U ~"Ji'ltlLLU:::U1Uf4:::Uti~U1.ILLlU~~~tU~f4 Lt1n11tli1.1f'l~1 ' ii o ... "I t- ... ..,.l "" %. r

U.ft:L umtN LVIOU U.f4:fi1tuq..:ii.11U'Vi 'VI Vl4lltl~f4rti.lll1~N

'lltltlf'lNrln1'1..l (Rakan) r;i111!jtl (Darayi) tl1t1L'l!Qtf (Aysegul) tl:::f41 (Alaa) ~fltltl

L \44itllqlf4 L~tl'l rltJfi!'lt\U1~~f41iJ tlQ ,.J .J • .J cJ a o

1ltl1J f'l ru ~ 1 :;-u Vi u ii'Vi U'Vl i.i 1 Vi tl f4 ~ft '1 U.fl :::Vi Vi iil u 'VIL iluLL U'l 'Vl 1.:i l u n 11'Vl 1 • ..,. r ' .J'

~111.l'Vi'l..liiLfliJU

'Jlt'ltJf'lN~u Ln il'l ~~ i.i:::s1~tJ,.{ ~f'lt'lt1l\4ri1i.:il'"luf4:::oJl'lmvr~t'llu~1u;i1.:i1 'lltltlf'lNL~tlUj fl'l..l~Uj 'Vlfifl'Llluflru:LtJrlNf'l~ ~Luuihi.:il\4nu 11tluflcu~ nvrf41t1vif41t1 fl'l1i.ioJl'lm vi~tl fi1 u.u:::u1 u.f4:ri1i..:i l'"I '-'1 n ~l'" fl'l1i.1 . ..

"ll'ltt L vr~tl"flnvhu~'Wt\1i.111arnh'l il.:i \~iii~{;) 1. u~'1 II I I I

~i;t~1t1U 1ltl011tJ'lltltJ'Vi1:fllNf>lN'Y4tlflNLLii iiLUU~L'"YJO~..:l'VJOtlth..:iii1.iitl1'"1'"1:;

i;itJu u. 'VIU'Vi1:flru t~vii.i ""1 'i:i;it1i;if4tl" utl..:i'll1mLf4:f'lu~u1 l uflffitJ flf'l~ fltlmilurhi.:i l '"I l ~

'11

0 0

fi'11'1..!1 n

n(;l~m'12-11h'::mfll

~1rucy

~1rucy111v. ... 0

'lJ 'Vl'VI 1 'U'VIU'l

fi'1'l1lJ LU'l..!l.11 LLff ::fi'1'l1lJ~1,.r 'kJ'fltl.:IU 'kJ'Vf 1

f'1'l1lJ~.:J'VllJ1ULLff::~(;l~U1::~.:i~'fltl.:Jn11~ntt'l

~iiii~l1'1..!"lltl.:Jn11~n'fn

'fltl'l.JL'fll'l'fltl.:imr~ntt'l "' i'l..!(;ltl'l..!"lltl.:Jmr~n'fn

' 21 LL 'Vlff.:l"lltll.I ff

fl'l'iLi'li.l'l'!J'!M"li'l')LtJ'ili-L;l!JLLtl~fl')'li.!1hAru'!J'il~ .. -r r;uufi'i'ii.I L'l1'fl7L;t!lt utJ~L 'Vlflfl 'Vl!I

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

3

4

tl1n.n4'mLtltlfL~u 6

fil'l12-1~1f')qJ"lltl~1'~ufi11mtltifL~ututl1::L'VlfliL'Vlll 7

.... ... ... " 'U'Vl'VI 3 fl!JL~'i'lJTf1flfU 11

mffiV.t1V."lltl.:JLL"11m1.1tlfL;t1"'1nv.r::'l..!filrfllffit1fit11 L -ti1lJ1~Ultl.:iu1.:i ntln 1 'Vf n i 11 • .. "ti

... flD 13

mL~1L;'I..! 13

tl.:i~ur::ntlU'fltl.:ifl!jL"'1cyv.1Au 14

im,ru::Lf;ltli'lLU'fltl.:!fl{jL~1cyv.1fliu 15

m111r::iu(;lnu~.:ituriijL~1'11v.1fllu 16

'l.1'1;14 n1-MLR'1~~ruLL'l.l'l.1'11.:SA1ltl~LLtt~LL'i-llUU'11tlL'"l;hM"IJ .. i'1H'Wtl'"l1nAtttl~Ltl'!ljL;tatu11ijL"l;ty..,1flfu

i;i'llULLUU~mul.iltm:r:rii

n"l:i'L~1:;"litl~LUUE'llf;11'l 'Is- .J' _,. ~ '°'!'..I '°' .!' - 'I. ~I ., '

n1:i' L"lin:i':;L1Jtl~Lfil~tl1J LVl'U~Tt1 fil:i'13.J L'Yltl'l. LL~:;u1L~'LI b'Lln1•u:i':;f;11Jf.ilnU.f;l~

n1:i'L~1:;"litl~L~tltifa~~L;J1ii1

18

18

19

19

20

20

m1':3Lfl:i'1:;\.lu.NU'Uf;11~L~LUn"l:i'rutlVlfl .... ~fil-~'l..]:;LUtlfL~t1L;!11uf1nL~1qiv.1f11u 22

'l.1'1;1 5 'l.l'Ylllnl 24

u:r:rr:i .. nt~nm

ll'1WU:i':m®u

q

26

28

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

fllifl";v11fof 1~mm::Ytl:rnl'11n1vif~ · 14 'UU'U1u(Ytl:: ifllUQfl inj'vn1 '3tt1tJ~1m1

'Vl't11rn.fof 1~Vfl'U'Vl't11'j FJt '3lff tln1n-3fl1'U"' 1 'U'U (fltHftl:::, fl'j UQfl m7Vfl1 '3ff1

tl~1itl1

i~un1111r-l1Hu~uuiw'Jlnii.Jvfi;o uhi1v~11 hnn1 ~w1:::~ l'Uffo1'Ftipntln111

fl1 ~l'Vlft"'I

i~lfl':il1JN1HU~ftUfl-31ULiJ1U~ltl1111fi~tl~U~.~fllVU'U'Ul1fof 1Qjm

1,, ,Q ... I CV ti q, o'GI QI .cl

fl~tltlA1t'H'ft1J 'Uff-ctu:::o~1m1 w ftl:::'n'Jl'H'UT:ilVWl1'Jl'Urlff'U ~H't11AHft'l,j'j

i11tJ1:::fitJ 1~Ytl:::V1U1J'U I 1'j/ .. I 'JI ' ' 0 4 QI .cl

flllnn:::'Jltl-3 fWl.ltl-3ul:::~'H'U1~1'3UH::'Jltl-3fllUft-3 'Ylftl:::11'lf1'3tl1H fl1'tl

(Ali Qapu) djtJ~6tY~13l'U (Isfahan)

mni1,St1'3111fll11Nir~~'"tlft'l:::\T-3 61mt11iiti-3 i-3'H1'~ufl'iff'hn11n'JI tl-3flUl:::fltl'UfflfltlJ'Utl·Ujn-u~

... ... o' ,, fJQL \l'ityftlff'U l'U~'UHfltlfl'Utltl fl1 ~l'Vl'W1J'l11'Ufl'l

uNuH'~1tJamgt111\l91f tY]j'tfuA 1iiti-3titY~1s1u (Isfahan) t11:::mtt611~1u • .cl Q ti

U'Yl'U'IJ'Jll (Mihrab) flQl\l'lflJ'Wlff'U o' o' ... ... o'

1i'i'l1llff'U1'Ylff'U (Mimbar) fJQrnltyft1ff'U

j/QIQ.c:lQ 00 ,, .::SQ ti HTUM'IJ1JJtWFt'>'HflFti1flfl1'i'l11fllUW~H0:lJ'itl'U flt)li'ity'Wlff'lJ

.J.o I 'JI QI .c9. Q J 'Yl'll'l'i:::'il~flltll'll~A1'U'l1H~ fJQl\l'iflJftlff'U

11~~V'Utltl'Uff1tlh!1 ~11H VH1J. 61111111 fJVV' fJQ11il~tlJ't'flm.f ~ ,, ... ... o'

'J'Ul11~ttl'U'l1'U1 fJQL\llty't'flffh!

-· .., ,, ,f -• ... ... ... o' m1u1::A'UA1vm::mo~111a1mm fJQL\llflJYt1ff'U

I ... I d. Q "

fll'i1\l1:::'JlmluA11 fJQ1\l'ltyft1t1'U

fll'j~~fl'lZ\lflff~'U1'U1.h:::~ua:::mlUlJH1AH1V,ftl~1'11UtlU'l:::~ fJQ1\l';tyw1tTi1

i1an1:1l~t11:::i'U~ul'iu\j'lfl (Mihrab) fJQL\l';tyftltTU

.Act .:sQ " uu11m1m:::uu11Yt~1uu'U-3ftU'YI fJQL\l'ltyft1tTu

'H~l

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

39

40

40

41

42

42

43

43

44

45

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

ff1n1;fihl qiu (Chihil Sutun) ~lUfHtJff.W1s11.11h::aV1fft)11i11.1 ' A .d QQ °'

flllU1J'3'W1.IVl'U6.;tITTtn'tfSn t!fl1J (Chihil Sutun)

n1fltnt.1lUfll1 l1.1mlu1::i'U~flU~.;t'Ull1WU1::~V1Ht.U1 (Iwan) .. .. flflf~::1usBfl 'tlf1-3ii'ff0f!MH1~Utt·:uiiv~vff1'111HU (Isfahan) . ... ,, ..,

n1~n1t.1fll1 'Yll'Wflll.I 'Uf>'3t!ff11.l'Wl::nn~'llt.I~ (Ujiatu) . ... "' ... VlllJf>.;tiJ'tl~l'lJV:: (Sultaniyah)

Al ... f ,, .l "" 1 -~ : .... ... m1u1::fl'U~m1~.;if11t.1m::ma.;i1f1nf>'U Vl'lJff111 m1lJ u1t.;iu tm::t'Ut.11

~tJ1:::~Y11.;it.U1ii'ffvA11n1.;i ljj6.;it.11cHA (Y azd) Ul:::l'Ylffthrhu

Al .., ' ,, .l "" ,. -~ - : ... ... m1u'i:::A'U9lflUfl.;i~nvm::tm>.;itfrnm.J ft11.lff111 m11J u11.;iu tm::1'Ut.11

4,, "Al ,, ,, ""'"""'"' ... "'A.I 'YIAl'lJ11'lJlul:::~Vll.;it'U1 (Iwan) fll'lJ'Ylff t~ lJfft.lfl11tl1.;illJ6'36ffnl'lJ

811.1 (Isfahan) 1.h:::mff611-hu

0 A Al ... Al ., d ' "' Al ,, ' fl1'i'l.l1m:;ma.;iu1n1t.1'1l1.l1Jlul:::fl'U'Yl'tftm11uf>u'i:::~-111.11~H

... ... " flf;}l 'll 1 ty'Wlff'lJ

, d A d .... .,. ., " ...... fll'i~m1~.;it~lJ'W'lJ'YI 'Ull1WlJ8ll'U (Mihrab) t'lJlJffUA111;11'3

u1'i.:itiia.:ivufl131u (Isfahan)

... tdd.ld,, "'" ,,,. fl11Ul::A'U~flU~H'YltPllJ'W'lJ'YIA1t.11;11AnltJ'W'lJ1'Wqm.ntm:::inUA6fl 1J ~H"l

un:::m1~nu~.;i~1vi1tin111m1iifl~'Uf>'Utnflll ij'fff1Aul'i.;i'W1:::1~1'lf1l1'

Ug1J 'Ulff (Shah Abbas)(fl.ff.1612) ~tjja.;i8ff-W1s1u (Isfahan)

n1An1v-Wui''Wqn111~l-Yl1.1mlUl:::Pl'UP1m1~.;i ffij't.1CJf11'111A (Safavid)

m'it11::imf 1vun11n1vi1tim,1'im1fln~'Uf>1Jmfl11 fJQt1i;ty'W1mJ

m'it11:::iu9!flu~~'mui1ofl1:11m1iin~fla l"" m1t11:::iui1tin111m1::flfl hm1f>un1An1v flQl'llltlJ'Wlffu

~ 'JI QI

fl11 l1lJtl1flft1tJA1Vmlfl1.I

m1111m1An1v~1t.1tt'lln1.1 ~u'rhJ1J'tfl flQt'lllty'WlffU

m1fi11n1An1u~1uu'lln1.1 ~tn-1 fJ~t'lljty'W1fl'u ft1~ flllJ{tlmnii.um:: 1 'U iiraaft111~nu~wdl u fl'H>'U~m~t11J'Ut>~

'1:J' "",'Jl.dQI 4 I di 4 _J t11:;~V11.;i1'\ll¥'ll\.J'Ylff A 'YllJfft.1Amn.;iu11.;i11.m.;iaun1s1u ...

'Hu1

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

52

53

54

55

55

56

57

58

58

59

.,4 .fl1Tt11

40 a1ii"1a1t1n'rn'Uiilflfl 'bj' 4 nn'IJ~l'l~u~~'IJ'1nw1h::~nn:mi'1 .. "' _,. I 'j} o' G

lJfftlii"IU'IHVrJ::!1ll'll'111 Ufl'IJ'Ulff (Shah Abbas) (fUY.1612)

11fo~tiu'ri1s1u (Isfahan)

41 '11iil'11tlfl'J6'1Jiilflfl iJY 4 fln'lJ~l'lflU~~'lJ1nW1ffl flal'il1q/'Wlf'IU

42 '11iil'11tlfll'il'lflU~~~'lh::9Jl'll~l,rl (I wan) 'Ufl~ 1 l' ~!'.1m..1fffl'Uf'llffUl

(Madasa) 1fl6~6u'ti1eJ1u (Isfahan) 1h::1l'.lfftl11~1u

43 fll'il'lfltt~~~1t1a1iilmt1Atlfl iJYti'i'ilJ'll'l~fftJA i'U1'1.'l''firniui1hn

ill'::i'Utl~~'Utl'IJ'Utl~U l'i'U'IJ'Ml (Mihrab) ~ilffVA~Vl1laa::li (Lutfullah)

uilt1'il'Jf1~ffCJf1'ri11A (Safavid) Li'.hH6u'ri1eJ1'1..! (Isfahan)

44 fll'il'lflU~~~1tl'11A'1ltJAtlfl iJYtil'Ul'll'l~ffflA i'U1'ff'ti'Un'Uitlm

I .d QI a'd .:!

45 a1~mt1fll'.il'lflUl'l~Vl'Ufl'U fflltl'il'll'1~ffl'l\jrn (Timurid)

llJ tl ~ CJf liJ 'lJ tl'U lfl ( Samargand) tJ 'i:: !VI ff fJ CJf t'IJ n ff fll 'I..! I >J '

46 a1ii1a1t1fi'Ufl'U'11 liitlJ nilffVA'IJtl~'Vf'i::lJmfffl::t!lJ (Bibi Khanum)

Q.I o'd. .ct 4 QI QI "

fflJtJ'il'll'1~f'IVl\j'i~ (Timurid) !lJtl~CJflll'UflUcrl (Samargand)

47 itlmfl'lJ~lfl~'illflflll'1~\lfllfih (Muqarna) 1'1..!ml'i'mh11t!n1~ lt>f~ A I 'jJ 'jJ .,

'IJ6~fl'.itl'Uu'i::t}VIH1'1Jl (Pishtaq) ua:a1iila1t1t'la1t11111m

48 itlm~m~1~\lfllfih (Muqarna) ml'i11f!'l..!a1~mt1'1Jt1'LI~mfl'lJam~t1lJ

49

50

51

52

53

Q,I' dfJI "' Q.q o' '11~alU111lffll'lfl'11tl'11A'11V\jfll'i'Ul (Muqarna) flfll'il'iq/'Vflff'U

a1Aa1vt'la1vAtlfl 1'Uiu~m1 flarn1qi111tTu

a1~a1t1Avn l'Lii'l..!~mt1'lJ~1u'lJu f1Qt'i1'1qivnf'lu

1 ~ llJ jl<v 'jJ , 'jJ. .d 'jJ "'

'11iil'11V 'U6ffallJ1m:m'i'IJ~ A'IJ'Jfl'lJ'IJt)~fll'lJAVfl lJl'll~ll']Vlfl'Jtl'UAl'lJ'IJ'lJ flQ

., ,. dd d.ld 0 'JI fll'ith::A'UfllV 'lJ'iftl~fl'Jfl'Uffl11'1tl1Jll'llJ'VtUVl1la::Vllf;l1~f;llUA1tl

1uimiffmlJ1M'fla1t1A6fl l'Uiu~lJ" ~ilffoA11a1~u-tt,u1itH " ... I .q I

tllCJfA (Y azd) ul':1Vlf'lfl11'i1U

60

60

61

62

62

63

64

65

66

66

67

67

67

68

... 1.J'Vl'VI 1

0

1.J'VIU1

fl')'li.1t.~hn..1,u.-a~F1')'li.1-A,A'gy"Jl-a~irgy111,

~111i1tuih.1tJ1::L'Vlf'ILri1LLri~iltJ1:;~f111~i;iftiut11'lU1Ul.J1hluflt1n~1 2,500 ti

tlfl Lilu"J11 ;i~il fi'l'l1l.J?-1 L1fl-1'Vl1'1fl11tl fi11l.J u~:; LUUfl1 ni14' n1l.J1111t11u1,.. t u~2Tt1 L1J11 ni

• I ' .,. ... "' Ii! ~I 0 .,. .J' ""'""' ' '"' ' ... • I ' .,. "111'l Lufl1L'llt1'1111t:l LL "Jin L ... 1 L"llULuUfi'l1 L1tl fi"llUL "ll'tl"111 r;Jfl'lll11U fl'lll11U'1111fl Lu'tl1L"lltl

Ltlu"l11~~t"LTfl.:J'Vl1.:ifl11t1fi11l.Jl.J1LLtJit1J11nin1~ Lrlirvhn11f)1~c;i!JitH1'1J"J11~~u1 ~.:i1.~u1 tj1;J,1Ufi11lJLL~:;':j'Vltl1fi1j~fl1'l'lllU1i;i1.:i1 L;h1.tlLCJtlLL"ni~'ltl2 tl'l-1hU'l-11t:1Ltlt'lfL;tl'l.ut:1;li;i12J1.~

I I ti I

Lil.Jilf'l'l1t1i2J~ufin'l.JL'Vlmijfl 400 tlrifluL'Vi1uu u!Jl-n'l.lifl-11flt1;ii..i"1Jfln~.:in1n;h2J1"Jlt'l.:1Yi'tl~1 "'

"ll1'l Ltl'tlf L;tl u~::fl1"'1f1J t U~ULL(;)Utli::L 'VI f'IL 'Vltl i.:i LLi;i~JTtl riflutl1:;~ fli1~ i;ifa~'l L "Jiu c;l'l-1 (;lj1 I t I II

~nul'l .;h'l'ilt:l.:1Lfi'l1fl.:i'l~r;i1'113 •"iht~LilUYiLLU'i'c;l~1n11L;hlJ1"Jlfl.:Jnfjl.J~fi'lUL'lll~1UU'CllJU1'n1 ' ...

lJ1."1'1;J,1Ufi11lJLtlflfL;tl L"liu 111'!;'1 ~u;J1 u~::t:l1"'111~ULijfl-1 1'll.JLtl~.:i1~u1~fltl::L-\11lJ1~ .,

tli::L 'VI tl!L 'Viti ill'ltl ~'VI fi-nfl1' l;J,IUfi11lJ Ltl'Clf L;t11tll L 4i1lJ1ilu'Vl1J1'VlflU1.:JlJ1n1. u~2Tt1 nt.:i fll1t1f-!fit11

Ll'ltl L 'U-n1::flfrM~.:i~2Tt1~lJ L~ ... -n1::L~1tl11~1'Vl'Vlt:1"LL~::~l.J L~ ... -n1:;u111t1 ru2.1111111"11 Lc;lt1il"J11'l

Ltlt'lfL;it1'L~~1N ~1 LL "'1U-1'!!Uu1.:i ~ilil'Vlfi-nfl~.:i 'l u11"11~1un ~.:i CJ fl 'l U"IJJJ"llU"ll1'l Ltlt:1f L;tl 'l u~2Tt1

nt.:it111fl~ntJ1L~'iltJ1tJi'ln!i!Ll'lu~:;L;JJLL'i.:J4 "tu~-1U,.."tU'W fJDL'•e1cy-n1flluiun'ClLiJuJT~fj!i!~il itlu1J1J'Vl1.:J~~tl:;~'ltllfuil'Vlfi"nfl"Jlfl.:J~fltl::LtlflfL;itJt:lU1.:Jir;tL"tU .,

.Gii .Q .-4 er "t ,Q .- .c:t ~ ii J' .ctl l"' fl{] L "i :i''lJ'l'f 1111uciti Liiu1111ftuftn1'1.d!fl'l"ll1'l •'Viti~ ftinJun1t1"Jlfl::WH ft:i'1'1"1'1..1L ws '»

tJ1:;nt:1uVifin 112.J'VI 1-1 fll1 ~U1'11fl'1"ll1'l L 'Vltll.l~fllJ iln1 tJ;f}:;i{ ~tl1 ~tlt:itj'l U"l! l.!"IJUUTL 'l ni

flfl L ... 1cy-n1 fi!U '1-11 nlJfl.:J 'l ULL~"Jlfl.:J n11111n LLlii'IJ11tl 'l U~'ltlfl'l (;lfl1tJ lii1'11111t1'l Uflfl L ... 1ty'l'f1 fliU

"' .,. tJ ~ •I .J'l 1:'.... ..., .., ~ •I •I ' .,. o 'l"' L .J o -!! LL fl 'l,..:;3-11 LL'l.l1J'V11'1 r"1flu::'Vl Ll.'111Jtl'Vlfi'n fl,..1 n r'lfl u::Lufl1L 'lit! 'Vl1 'lll~U ,..'Vl,..::'Vl1 n11r'I m~t1 .,

14'nmufi n~'J1lf U.ft::fll.l~l.I. niuntut11'196'i'U1LtlttiL;!IL'ULiltl~\U1111. (n1~L'Y!Vf'1 :

J.l~'ll'U, 2550), 1.

zd ... ., "' L'tl~Ll'l!l'mu. in.n 135.

3Llil·Ujj!l'ltlU. UU1 135.

4cl .. .., " Lft~Lfl!l'lflU. i.ll.11135-136.

1

2

fl'l 1 l.J LUUl.J1"Jlfl-3 rin1t1 LLtJtJ fl'l 13.J Liluiii t'ltl: Ltlflf L; ti~ LL~ c;)-3flfl n l.J1"Jlfl-3riflL,,1qJVt1 fllU Vtffil.J nu

LLNUUc;l1fl t,, ti.m1nuv.Ju11uiiit"1tl:LtlflfL;t1 r;l-3m~1'l

A~1~~4~~1su•~~~aur.:•4A11s4n17nnv1 • • 1. L~fl~m~nt11:~fl'l1l.JLUUl.J11lfl-3flflL'"l1qJVt1fllU 2. L~fl~n~fl'l12-1~1rl'qJLLtl:fl-3fl'1h:::nflt111fl-3flDL'"l1'1JVt1fll'I! 3. i~'tl~n~ii-3m1Lo\112-11LLt'l!:fl'l1l.J~1rl'qj"llfl-3filfltl:::LtlflfL;jtltutl1::L'VlfllL'Vltl

4. L ~fl~ Lf'l 11 :i1tJ LL1JtJ LLt'l:LLN UUc;l 1 fl L ,,'II fl-3 iil t'ltl.:~LiJI ftJtl\'l fl Vt fl'"l 1 n filfltl :Ltl'tl f L ;I tl'llfl-3 .... .. ..

fl!JL,,1'1JVt1fllU

•~~ii.s11.111s4n17ffntt1

1. m1i;inur;i-3t'l'l c;)fl1tJ i;i1iJ111L'l ru1Ji1'31 111t1 t Uflfl L"l1'1JVt1 flluLilufl'l c;)fl1t1~1illrut1'VlfiVtfl'"l1 n

filfltJ::Ltlfl~L~tl

2. flD L '"l 1'lJVt1 fllu11M"ut1V1fiVtflltl uuu filfltl:: LtlflfL;lti L ~fl~'"l1nf}ljL4ll1qJw1 fllULUufl11~u~ mu f ' ... ...

.=-t o ., a ~ .Qf r.Qf~ di ... I .- a .. I r .ci1 cv \'l~ 1 fl '1J'llfl-3"ll1'l~~ t'll.JUn1tl"llfl:'Vl\'l \'itJ L "llfl~ 1tll.J14l1 n"l!1'l Lufl1L "lltl LLt'l::"ll1 'l Lu'tl1L IJltlUU

"' uu tlfl fll1~'1.!1tl ~t'l 1 l.Jiln1t1;ifl:i ;'3UU~-3ij n 11U1fl'l c;) fl 1tl'"l 1 mr ~ii c;) t ufilfltl: Ltlfl fL;jtJ

l.J1 t ,i;in LLr;i~111t11uflfl L,,1qJ'V'f1 fllU

"D'!l1J L "JI Pl"D'!l4ft1'iff ftti1

1. ~ m~1L~Vt1 :::tH f'ltl 1:::nflt12! ~ fj c;) LLt'I :1t1 LLtltJ filfltl :::~1~ftJ~\'lfl'Vt fl iii t'ltl :::Ltlflf L;itJ ~ flD L '"l 1qJVt1 f'iuLLr;if114lilm1t1n l'i'lflri1-3lULL1111 iii fl ti::: t u2!~u c;)~U, 2-11 LmtJu L iltiu 1'll.Jii-3

tl1:::~fl'l12.J LU'l.!l.J1 LLt'l:::f'1'l1l.J~1 fl' 'lJ'llfl-3 fJD L '"l1qJVt1 f'IU

2. Lilu~n~fl'l1l.J~1rl'qJ'llfl-3filt'ltl:::LtlflfL;jtJ~iJ~-3CJt'lr;iflv.JLLt1tJfllfltl:::turiflL'"l1qJVt1fllU 3. ~ntt'lL~tl'lntJfll1~U1t1~tnll~Lo\11l-J'l1utl~L\'lf'IL\'ltJYtfli~L"Dtl

. 1. Lnunun ti;'tl~ t'l,,1 n~ Cl11.1Vi l-lufl~1-lfl~ fl\'11-3 ill1uL'tl n~ 11 L1iu 'Vlfl~~ c;) LL ,.;-3"111 ~

'Vlfl~~ c;lnfl1'3 l.l'Vl1~'Vltl'liti iiit'ltl1 n1 LLfl:::t1'Vl1'ilV1t11it1 r;i1'31 Lilu~u L ~fl1'ltJ1'll.J;i'tl~fl

L ~ti 'l n 1J ztl LL 'LI 'LI \'l 1-3 fil fl tl::: L ti fl f L ;j ti n 11L;J12.J 1LLfl:;fl'l1l.J~1 fl' 'lJ 'II fl -3 fil fl tJ:; L ti fl f L ;j tJ

tutl1:::L\'lf'IL'Vlt1 tl1:~"11fl-3flDL<il1ClJw1r1'1!

.·

3

. . 2.1

0 " ... .di. al - ,,. 4 .., - 4 ... 0

~11'llil"llt1~fl Ufl:::UUVI n.n1VHHJ Llil1'lJVi1 fll'W 1'Jt1Cl~tl~tl t;it1U1 VI~ 1tl11Cl'W1tl1

Lllitiu L YI tJU\llffiij f')'l 1tl L~tl'l~'tl~ nu71l) L r.i1qJVi1 fllU ' ' Q, I SIClilal " al CV .. c:ri. tr ..,

2.2 ~t1t1Cl1tl'tl\llt11tlLLfl:::tjVltlfl'l1tllLntl'lntlfl!JL,,1'lJVi1fll'WUfl:::.nTM1t11\ll1tl ...

. 3. ~1LU'Wmn{t1~~Plt1Ltlil

3.1 ~m~ntJ1:::~fll1~U1~~fl1tlLLfl:::n11L;J1ii1 '1.ul11:::LV1fllLVltl 'Li;imf~L"lltl

3.2 ~mrm11L ;J1t11LLfl:::f'1'l1tl~1 fl 'lJ"llt1~1' oo.J'Wfi11tl Ltl'tlf L'iti '1. U'l.h:::L VI fl!L Viti

3.3 iitm~nt11:::~f'1'l1t1Li1Ut11"ll'tl~fllJLr.i1ryVi1fl!U

3.4 iiln'M1Ufl:::'ilLM1:::~pJuu11~fttl~ru~V1fiVifl~fltl:::Ltl'tlfL'it1tu71l)Lr.i1ryVi1fllU 3. 5 ~n'M1 Uft:::':) Lfl11:::~fl'l1tl~tl~'Wfl\llffiLLNUUt;i1ft L lil1:::\ll~1~ n11L ;t1t11"Jl'tl,:j"Jl1'l Ltl'tlf L;jtl

LLfl:::1tJu1111illfttl:::~flDLr.i1ryVi1filu 4. ~1tlufl:::ilt1u!lt1'3t.iflm1~n'M1 il1L~U'tlt11r.i11tl°~fl'ltlflt1~11uViufiL~t1'1.~~1uu:::i11uft:::

"' 5. {i;i~ii'tf~11UVi'WflLLfl:::L~U'tleJfl,:j1'lJn11~n'M1f.Jl1tlfUf.Jl'tl'W

tJ~ t!1"JIU;iA161'h~~\i;lru

1. fl'l1t1iufl:::fl'l1t1L;J11r.iL~mnutl1:::~fl'l"lt1Ltlui11 fl'l1t1~1f'lry t1~R'tl1:::ntiu uft:::itluuu

VI 1-3 ~fttl:::~'J.i)l futJVlflVi fllil1 n illfltl:::Ltl'flf L;jtl t Ufllj L r.i1ryVi1 fllU

2. f'1'l1tl}Uft:::f'1'l1tl L ;J1 '1.r.i L~tl'l tl1.J n11L ;J1t11 LLfl:::fl'l1il~1 fl'lJ"lltl~if oo.JUfi11i!LLfl:::~titJ:::Ltlt1f L;jtl

tutl1:::LV1fllLV1t1

3. fl'l1ti}uti:::fl'l12J L.\11 l'"\tl~uNU'Wfn1fl ""'\um1ffiiiJLL1.J1J~fltl:::LtltlfL~iti 1.u11fl1.r.i1'lJVi1 fllU

1. ;;tl~ft,,1n2T~~i;i 1tlluri flljLr.i1ry~1fl!u

2. ;Jtltlfllil1n'\.'l'tllil tn'V1:1.11tlL \llf.JlLLfl:::\lltl~il tnvi1~1 L~ LLri 'Vltl~'.l.1 tntl\ll1':5Vlti1i:rti ~titJ1m 'il'Vlti1 L "II f.Jl cu q q ~

1'-3vl1Vi1::: nt·H Vl~-i Ufl:::'l'Vltl1 L"ll f.J!Vi1:::11"111'~~u1ii{u'V1 f {~Vii ~Ufl1tl3t1 \lltl~l-J tn

tl\ll1'l'Vlt11i:rt1 fi11i!fll1~(;lf fllutl°vl1Vi1:::{u'Vlf LLfl:::\lltl~tl~LLU-3"111;j ~ .

.·

... 1J'Vl'VI 2

n,'iLi,ti,"ll'iHl"ll1~Lt.l'il,L;!ILL'i::

ft~1ti91AqJ"ll'il~-l'i;uufi'i'ltiLt.l'il,L;!ILUt.l'i::L'Vlff1'Vl!I

" ' " 4'1 I - CV CV .q ... °"'411i.Ciil CV IOo'I

n171JJi;i~tl7:'Vl'l1~'ll1~~='lu~nnu'll1~~='lutltlnuuL72J2JtJ1~~u~~2Jt1ntlu

n1:nn "'' U"Jltl~ fll1~U1~~fl12Jt Ufil11J~2JVl7tl17:Li1~~~tltit U"li'l~ 71') ritlUVi Viti fll ~'lnM~ 12 . .. . " ~1vrnt'll1'ltl1'Vln.JLLfl:'ll1'lLUflfL:;lt1t!u~:i'.ifil'l1tJ-i1u1C1Jtu~1umn~ut;.fl 4l~l11Hhilu'llu'll1~

LL7n1 ~L~'lJVl1~L;J1tJ1~i;i~tltiu.t.JijlnfilL'flL:;lt1~:1'uflflnl~t1~t~ vr1ntJ'fl~tuu~"Jlfl~fil'l12JltJ,rufi

,N4il::LUU1t11tJtULL1JU11tl·rn11;f1"111tl ~~ n11~~ r;itJ ,li1111t1J~t'N ~1LUtJr;itJ1tJ4iltJLrlt1 fil1~tJ1

~~f412JL~tltln1LU"''utu r;if)iJ1 tu"li'l~71'lytVlfifli!Jl')'7~ 13 fll1~U1~~f41l.JL~L;12J1i'.i~Vlfifif4 lJltl.t.J ij.n 1 fil;f Li;it1"l11 'l2-l ~i2J \r)l i~"J1lJ'llUn7:~1tl LU ~1l.Jfl11J~~Vl72Jfl1 ~ LLt-4: LiJtl~fi 1 IJl12J LL U'l

'll1 ti~~ L~U'VI 1~ n17~1 t 'lJ-1i'l~Uf41tlftVI fifll!Jl'l'7Mi~ rn.-i1'l 1 "1 'ltl L 'VI t;iiil~ LLiJ~1~: 1iiiivrin ,S1U~

Liluf41t1i nMru€ nM~~ LL~ i;i~ il~ n17~ ~ L'ifl fiu7:V1~1~ t Viti tiutJ~i 2.Jt1ti1~-D c;i L ~u LLL'i nfitl~~: • ., fl1"'L"'1t~~1fl'l1i.1li.i~ufi7:vr~1~tV1unu11~itJt!u'll1i'.i2,11tlti1~u1'lu1u 1h·:nflunuV1inj1u

0 I "

Vl1~L1J'1rufil;I L'liU L'Vl1t1Cl.JnM1tJru ~nif"' LLfl:Lr'IM.fl'l"llU:~uLl:n LiJuiJl1l ti;it1i!~~L'Vlthil

fl1JJ11Cl t.!f tiutl'uR':l1ttLllutt1"JltN R':l1ttltt,rt.11fl.iJI Ltlut1ti1~;i

f')')1i.il2J,rufi7:wh~ 1 Vltln1J~~il.J~ G-2JtJ71 nn'Vlin ,S1U~ LUUf41tJi nMru€nm'll1~:

ct-tJ ~ut u'll'l~'1'lyt'Vlfifll1JJ'l'7~ 19 nfi1'l fifl"li'l~~aruni~~ t11vimiJu11'llfi1u11tl~L Viti 1J1Nfiu

rn~2Tt1"Dtl~'Vitliu,12J ;\1LL1N2.J'Vl171"ll ~~ LUU'li'l~ L'.lf41~ilm7LLe.i"Jlt11tl'fl1CU1 L "II !JI ttJil~ LL 'Vlf42Ji.lfl1~ :; I ... ...r.! ... I ... ... 3 .d ... I J,, ,, '1 ""' ... "" IJl~LLIJILl.Jtl~Ufl7P'17fi'72J71'll rn~UCl~Li.lfJ~2.J:fl:n1 "ll~L2Jtl~L'Vlf41Ufl'lULLf4'lLLIJI ~rutlVlfififl~1n

9' 9' I

fll1~U1~~fl12Jvi~~UYi1fl2J fiui'.i'll1'll-!~~2.Jtl1,rtlfltji~;J n fi'l'l L~ LL~'l tJ71 n{)'Vli nj1Ut U

\"'u~n L1JC)J"l'Yi.:J~. it'Ulil1f:IU'i::tl1.ILL1.1\li•1113',URtn.l::\flf:I. (rl'VlUTil'Yi'WfimC)JC)J1

faiatlP11a1J1n.t~1un.i"11J1 a1"111il"ll1tl1:.:~P11a1J1ffai~tl:; un.i.vilJl~Vltniu iti.nilVltniaillatl'm'l, 2549), 7-9. 24 .. .., ., L'ifl~LA!l'lnU. i4'W1 11.

3U~!'.f.J~P'i'ni 'Jlft1V'IJLt;i'JJ!'.. "'"iJJ"lutJ,-::~,,,.\,,!J. Wl.JWP'lf.:i~ 2. (n7,:a'VIW"l : tM-:in1~ i4t"Ja~l'lmn.:it)at=rn.J a1uftfjflqfl!Ji1uqft'ai.J1u. 2539). 1.

4

5

. 0 I ., .c::I tS:" .c::il ft I I ,... ...

l.J14l1 n fil1'l1 "1Jtl41!11" Vl1'f.I "1J141!111 (Bazaar)" 'VIUufl'l1 "Vlfl1 l'?l'Vltl'1LLt1'l" Vl1tl "Vlfl11'?1'!11tl - . .

'!ltl.:i LL ~.:i" 1. u111'ft1 Ltltlh~t.1 5 ufl:::u.:iiln11'nrnfil1'tl.:i~'lt.1"ll1l.Ji.:if'1 'Lfln~.:i Lilu~uf11'!1t1.:i~>Tt.1

nr.:i~t '!l'Vit.11. u1h:::L VI fll~il1' Lij.J'Wfi11l.Jt1~fl1l.J LU'W'\Ufo L°li'W t)u L(.ftilL~tl tlVli1'W 1'll-lii.:itl1:::L 'VI fit

1. 'WLLt11J UtlITTn1 fil11'?1~1"ll'W"ll1 ~ L lH-i1ii'u11ii:::u1 '1.tl n iu'l.tl"JI 1t.1u.:itl1:::L 'VI fll'!ltl.:I i;i'') Ltl'1Ll'?ltln'l1

"Jl'W~~'Vl1'1~~'ltl6 ~ ~

"ll'W"ll1~L'VltJLLfl:::l.J~~l.JU'WL~iii1Lil'Wfl'l1l.Jiit~'Wfiir?1L,,'WLLfl:::it1n;u1.u-!l'J.:i~>Tt.1nNfll1 • • tlt,jnt.11Ltl'W:n"lln1il iii..in~1utl:nn{]Ltlum1m1J"l11n'Vlt1.:lfl1 2 L'Vl1m)J111t.11.unt'n1:::tl:n.:i1"1

f r?111"llu1ru::: 4'.:ii..f r?1-n1:::uMfll1't1t.1fit.11 ~.:i111t.11.uil,n1ntrn'ftffi1'VlfuLtlu-n1:::u1iJ'!ltl.:intt'i;i1-tl" .. . "im~fltl1U~'W" ~ fil1'tMLLfil~'WLLfil"llLilt.1flu-ll'l.:!11'l 'n. fll.1975-2017 ~.:ii'll.J~>Jm11J'n1!::L~1

~1it'n1:::t.11 7 tl:n nni..i n l91u~'l.~1i11 nuuli n'llt1'1"ll1'l ~1.:i"ll1 ~~ mh'l ii.:iii~~iil utl1:::L'VI fllL vit.1

~ ~ . ut'l:::u.:itl11n11;\1~1 "u'!lm'Vlfll" L 'W"ll'IV1t11mV1i;itu11ru ~.:i'l!n tu11ruf'l~iuil'ft~1u~1u1,,:::

~ . . I I fl I

Lil'W i:iYiuu ~tl fl\1~ 'W1~~ fl1ti;lw1t<t1 ntl1::: L 'VI fll'tl1Vli''LIVl1t1 Ltlt1f L'ilti LLfl :::UI L ;'ltl1 i;i',:i i1u if1'W'tlti ·.u • .. ~

111t11 un t.:i fll1tlfJ fit.I 1 u~ r;i-:i l ~ L ~'W~ 1"ll 1'lt! ~ ~2.JL~ L ;J12.J 1tl 1 ~ti 'Vi-:i 1 'WLLfl::: Ll'?ltJ 1tl1J'n 1:::uf'11

Li1u1h'W'lUiJ1n1.u~>Tt.1nt.:ifll1'tlfJfit.l16 '"t1nitluutifil'l1t1i2.J~ufil~t.1~t11i11nm1L~U'Vl1.:iL;12.J1

lutl1:::L'VlfllL'VltJL~'tlii1m1~~vitlfl1"Jl1tJUfl:::L~tlU~f'l1~'\.l1tl~fl1mltN"ll1'll.J~~2.J'"l1n"ll1~1'1:::1'uf;ln • . ~

~"111 ~ r;i::;f utltl n'"lun1:::'Vi.:i"ll1'll.J~~:.iu1.:i ~'l'W '1.~ L ;J1:.11 i;i'.:i1n11 n l utl1:::L 'VI fillL Viti ~.:i~ fl 1. ~1JVIU1'VI .. . '!ltl.:J"ll1'l~~~l.Jihnn~-:i~uLLfl:::L~L;1fu~1LLV1u.:ivi1.:i1 1u11"l1~1'1!n LLfl:::L~tl'n1:::t1V11nttf;l1't.11'Vlt.1

~ ~

'VIN L~.:i L ~uii.:i f'1'l12.J~1 ~ q.i·n1-:i fll1 ~'W1tl~ fl12.J ~.:i '1.~il n 11LLvi.:i IA'.:i ~1uV1u.:ii'tf111"lll.JUi;J1;u

fil'l 12.J it1~'Wfl'DtN"ll'\.l"ll1 ;j'l, 'Viti Ufl !::"ll'\.1"111 ~h.J ~ ~2.J U-:1 f>l.:I ~1 L UU!Ji'f.I Lltlt.12.J 1 LLfl!::2.J1 n~'\.l L UnJ LL1Jtl . .. i;h.:i1 ~.:i~'l.~mh'l l.J1r.t'Wii.:i~>Tt.1ur.tr.iuu L VllJ.lif 1' Lij.J'Wfi11l.J'!ltl'1"ll1'll.!~~l-l~.:i ~n 11 n~ n LL fl:::

ilt1Y1fi-nfllui.:if'1l.JLV1t.1f;lfltll'!l.J1

(nr-:i1YJ'Y'l"1 : iilt1-:it115'1ru). 2534, 13.

s., ... r ., ..; "' • -• " ~ il • '"ln5''Vf1Jl! n\l'J1°A U.fl::flutiu1. O'iUOfU'il'l'lf:l6'l"U.IL1J'il'lL"Df:I UU.l'ilUlf:l'lJ.I. (n(\ILVl'Y'l"1 :

~1un~l-l-.{l.1~411U), 2550, 135.

61h::~1ffni "l!fl1EJULC'l"l!::. ~t1iii'\ut1-n:L'rltil(\'r!f:I. t.tU1 2.

71~1.1~5'1 111qi~w-:il'f. i9':>11ttt1atJ-n:.r2Ju.2J2Jiaut1~i uif•tl::t 'rl!I. ,_,i;h 15.

8. I %. _,: '°' "" " u1::mnni;i "llfl1UUL{;l"i!::. L'i'i1'1Lflil. t.tU1 3. "

.·

6

SI I I I II

fl1ru1'·fo 1LUfl fL;jt.1 rA'-:ifltjL utfh'J ruY'i 11tJ~\l~Vli1U~\IU~'1UULiluY'i vi\l'HH

u1:;L'Vlf'l~VIT1U9 n1Lilc;ifuL~fl 550 ilrif1Ufl1~r;imfl L(;ltJ~j:;L~11"llf~orn111"l! (The Great

Cyrus) LL~\111"ll'J\l~fl1LflL2.JU(;l (Archaemenid) ~.:i~1:;t:i.:irfl.~ntJn2.J"l!Un~2.J11i1-:i11~1~ LLfl::

L if t:i\1'"11 nfl1 n.11{ n1LUfl f L;jtl LiJUfl1 n.11{ m~t-:i Ll•M2.J1 n L Ufl ;ir;i ~\ltl\I fl'l°Vi1 L ~ L'ft.1 niJ1:;L 'VI f'I

~Vli1UVITfl"ll1'JtlVli1U~1 "LtltJfLilt.1" VITfl ""ll1'JLU'flhtDtJ" U~L~2J"ll1'JLU'flfL;jtl~'JULVlajUtJO'tl

f111~·i.J1 L"llL1LLflfl Ll?lflf (Zoroaster) 10 LL~ L~'tl4'nn11~~flfl1l-l1~~r;it11u1~ LLfl::1'JlJfl1ru14'n1

LUflf Lent.IL ;11 l..11 LLfi'J fll1flU1~~f11lJ nUifu n11tlfl2.J f1J~1 n"l!1'J LUt:if L ;it.Jt:ith-:in (;l Lj'J LLfl::L ;1lJ1

LL 'VIU~ f111~u1 L "llL1Ufl~Lf;lflf (Zoroaster)

"' 11JH1n11f1Cl1UU111"l!'J\1~~1\11 unf'l1fl\lfl1nA14'n1LUflfL;imLvi.:iil L-llU 11"ll'J\I~

L"llfHlJfl (Seljuk) ihi1fl'IVlfl'J\lfltj~L~fl\l~fl~1ll1U (Isfahan) U1:L'Vlfll~Vlf1U ~t11.:i~11?1ULfl\I

Lilu~unut:i\I n1~~ LL vi.:i LLtJn LLi;tr;i ~fl2.J111"ll'J.:i fffiflfl1iili;i (11-Khanid) ~" Lilu~'J nl..lfl\I Lnfl .. "' I

1~~l-111"ll'J\I l1f L "lifl '\I fl (Seljuk) Ufl :fl t11uu1 m ~~LL vi\I LLtm ui;i l'l~tfl2J~\IU1 u L;j'MVlfl'J\I \u~ W'M

qflr;i1ilt1: (Sultaniyah) '"l1mru~'Jn2Jfl'ILnflQn11"l!'J\1~~~1i;i (Timiurid) ~-:iLilU"ll1'JL~fn (Turks') th.if41-:iufldhu~uti°nf11.:i1ufltj~Li4fl\l"li12.J1nuvl (Samargand) tl1:L'Vlfll~"liLtJnt1mu

I

• .,, <II .., • I '""' 'I"'""' • I "I"' "" "" .,. ' 1" L1fl\I ',! flVIU\l"ll'tl\lfl1ru1'"1 n nu'tl1L"lit.I LLfl:; i.i;tl-1n11u 1::n 1 fl! 1. VI fll1flu1flfl fl 12.JUn 1tl"ll n:'VI

(Shia) 11 Lilufll1t1u1u1:~1"J11~tu11"l!'J\lml~'Jt.1 LUfJflL~t1'JnudLfl.:iilmni:.it1u~ifll1t1u1~~fl12J

iln 1t1;lfl:ifl u 1\1n~1\1"11'J1-:i n 2J ~\lfl 1ru14' n 1flfJ fit.I 1"llfl\l 1 'Vlt1 ~'Jtl n 11Q n e..iu'J n 1'Jl.J L ;11 L ilu

4 fV Cllti~ ! Jo I;' '111 .J I .dt : 2' ~'JUVIU\l"llfl\l'"l n j'J jj(;lfl~fl12J flNU'Vl1tVILnj;\m1LUfltlULLUfl\lfltl1\12J 1 nl..11 ti LLfl :C!.:i fl fi'Vl\I 'VI 1\1 (;l1U

I • I ."f ... "' ""' "I .., • I ' ... fil1flU1 Jl1tt1 fi11LLf;l\lfi1tl zuLL1J1J~Cl1ul?ltJnnlJ 1'J2JCl\li;t1UflU1 i.U'JOOJUfi11lJLufl1L"lltl

~unth'J 1~~1 LUU "1' OOJUfijjlJ LUflf L;imJ fl~~fl12J" ~\ltl\I fl\li1 fl'J1lJ~1 f'1ry LLfl:; L(;l (;l Lc;iuarn n'tl\I

flu1.:i2J1n'"lu~.:iu~,uu

9{nni'u~ n'l'l1'ri Ufl~flt.l~t.ll nhn'{ut11'i'!lfi'i'nlLUil1'L;!li\UiltHl981J.I. 111iJ1 3.

10 !"I ..l 'l··I Zoroaster LuUf'l1~t.11Vl\1'111 .n

11 Shia Lth..iilmuvr~..:i 1 ul'l1~i.nii~fl1i1

.·

7

fl';l1iJtht\"qitt1'il<ll-l'RIUfiffJJLtl'ilfL;J!11.Utl~L'rlfll\'rl!I

,,1n~l~n~1'.JlJ1,,1n;J1.:i~u,,~LUUL~~1"111'.Jfl1'l'1i1JUfl:"ll1'.JLUflfL:itJi'.ifil'.J1lJ'i1U1ClJ 1. u~1umn~uCh1 ~.:itl1.,:Lilun~lJ LL1n1 ~ L~uvi1.:i L ;J1lJ1 ~f?li;lfl L 'WliJ111 fl Lfl L:nu f;l:tJUflfl n

q ..

L~tML~ ~-:in11~f?li;iflnuifu1,,:illJ1rifJUn11ri1Lili;Jfll1~U1~~fl1lJLL~'.J ~-:i~uiltt31u1.~~1 ... '

"111'.J LUt:if L;ititl1,,:;~ (11 i;if) fl1'TI 1tl nul Viti IA'-:i LLi;i riflU-tl'.J.:iVit:i1ru14'n1LUflf L:itl~:; L;; 1~f.J fil~ ~ ~1 lJ

"lun:1:i.:iL;h~"li'.J.:i!Jfl~~~1lJ 'tlth.:i1.1n"'1lJil.:ifl.:i1.,Ju11n!J'l'1~n31u~Lilut\1ti~nttcl€ntt1 ~'ic;iL.,uiuu~i;i-:ia.:in11L;J1lJ1'tu-tl'.l-:iu1n1 'Tl'tl'l"ll1'.JLUt:ifL:it1 fl'.l1i.1~l..l,;uf11fl.:ifilu 2 n~i.i

1 u 2 tJ[ij.!Ufi11lJ r;\1 LUUl..11 ~tlt11 LLfl~i'.i fil'.l1lJif?l L'.'tuf ul u~ll'tin?.:i fliTflf.Jfitl1 1. u~lf tlif "111'.JLUflfL;it11.~L;J1lJ1i.:i~Ul1UlJ1nfuu~:Uii'.il.!~~lJ~'.JU'l!l~'l~L;hfu11"11n11'tu11"11~1un Lllu"111'l LUflfL;ltl ~-:i,uu1-:i"111'.J LuflfL;it1i'.iu'Vlu1'Vl~1 f'i'CJJinn 'tu11"11~1un

~filfil~~1f'lcyl'i1u'l!lrt.:itilt:i L"llfilfl: ,_.27i;i f1i'.i 12 l'i1ULUU"111'.JLUflfL;jtl~lJ1"l1nLijtN

fll..I ~1UU1~ L u:"ll1 n11 -tl'.l.:i:ftl l'l'!lfl'l'VhUfltjL u~ll'ti11"11'l'l l('Jl1~1~ i;i (Safavid) 13 Ufl~~'ltl fil'l1lJ~

ilifl.:in11LCJtlLL~,..~nfl'.J1lJL~fliitl:~ Yi'ffilJnumrihn11;J1~.:iL~UYl1.:JLii1lJ1fi''IYi1:Ufljfll1flt.1fitl1 q

'i' ~,,., .,... .. ., ' ~-1 ~ Lf;lt.I Lf?l11J'l!IU'l~flfij~1JjlJj1"111~ClJ1 IJl"l1 n~lJ Lf;l"lfi1:UL1181'.J jlJ,..111"11 'l!lfl'l,,1n CJ1U Lu1:tJ :'l-lU'I

~'I i'l1n :n ntlti~ nN f'l1t:itifi!J1 'Vi1uu1:~1J fl'l1lJ~1L1,,1. U"'1Un11fi1'~1tl,,ULUUlJ,..1Lf'I1tt1 14 .. 1 • ...

" " .,. ' " ' • I " ..s 'i'. I " LL~~f?l'.J!Jfl'.J13J~1lJ11Clj;11Un11(;lf?lf;ltlfil1"111tlLLfl:m1i;i1'1u1~L'Vlf'I Yi1:L,,1'VlNfi'1lJ,,'1 LU1f?1Ln~1"1 ... '

LLi;i-:i !A'.:iHhhuL"ll filfl~ '1!127 i;i flil LUUYi1:t11 L"ll filt:i:"1ll' l'lilJIULfli1tt] u~:~1 N ijj1 u "1U.:J~1Vi ' ' I I .:::ii I .. !'I I .. I - ,,.

n1i.1'Vl1"11'.J1 LL~ :'.l1'Vl n1l..lvt1 n~1.:i "11.:J Luun1:'Vl n.:in11i;i1.:iu1:L 'VI fliUfl:n1:'Vl1'.J.:JYi1ru"llt1

L UU~~UU 1'llJa.:i ijj1LLWU.:J,,'ri°111".lllJUl'l1~.:i Liluijj1U\.1U'l'i'.J'VIU1"11tl'l"llU"ll1'll.J~~lJ 15 ~.:itit:i~1 • • • Lilui 'ri°111'lllJU(;l1filUU1n"llfJ.:J tl1: L VI fllL 'VI tJ i;it:ilJ1 L~ L~tlU~1 u 'l-lU.:J L ilu~1~ ~ 2.!'VIU1 tJ n

t) fil jl.J'l!l1 L~U11J ~e'.hti L 'l'1Ufl'l!l~'l,,1 n~tl11lJYi'.Jn fi1J:!]"ll1'.J ql~u1.~ Lrlfl L ;11~~ll'tJ'Tltl.:JYi 1:L~ 1

12 •• I ... ., • I 'i' r S • I "" "' \ -. ' .Y. "" " "" ..... fJ,n fJ111'l1 (LLufl"\1n ~tl"1L"llU u11"11flU). J.IPl'lll,,, '1!Ml'l4'l1U fll~,J.111J.1'1tUfi'8Ull'1

tnu111n·h 400 ii. (nt~LVIV."1 : ~t11ULflnt11"1'1'11'11VJ111LVltJ tu nt~Ll11"1!:11U, 2548.), 13. 13{mwu( n~'lTri LLfl~f"l'l.l~'l.ll nluntut11'lt1fi'l'lJ.1LU'il'1.;a'LuLilt1ui1a,11. (ni~L'VlV.'1 :

~11J'nrb.1w:.i~'Jl1.1). 2550. 137-138.

14fJi~ fJ~1'1 (LLUfl"\1n 'UJ~L;lu tJ1f"l1iiu). Ll'B.:tL~J.I. wiJ1 13-14.

15U1::1J1fl1'ni '1!~1tJUL~'ll::. ~·-~'lu\J-r.:1.""\""· "1U1 26.

..

8

tJri~TVl'Vlt'l.:J Yi1ul~fun11L~tlui;l1LL'lllU.:JLUUL~1'n1:::tJ1tl'l111"llU1tJn 16 LL~:::l~~.:JLLrit'lil'"lnUlJ LUfl2TtifllJL~'"l'n~U111t!NlJ'1111rl"ll 17

- ...

n11~"' vit'l ~1".ll 1t11:::'111~1.:Jtl'Hu14'n1Lt1t'lf Liiti nt1t'l1ru14'n1~t11 lJUULllultJ

flth.:ihiLUU'Vl1.:Jfi11 "'IUn1:::i.:ia.:i~2Tt111'll'l.:Jflit111~1'Vl'Vlt'l.:JUnfl1t'l.:J~tl1lJU1:::L'Vlfll'n'ffllJrltl ~'llli1ul~i;int'ltjt11t1t~ti1u1"'1n11t1nfl1tl.:i"Jlt'l.:J'n1:::L~1"l!1i (Shah) LL'".:J11'll'l.:Jfli"ll1~1";)c;i

(Safavid) -!l'l.:JL'l~1i.:in~1'lllLfl.:J~fl'l1lJtflJ'ri'Ufiflri1.:JLUU'Vl1.:Jn11"Jlt'l.:Ji.:i 2 t11:::L'VlfllL~LilJ'U LC'ltl~fl'l1lJilJ'ri'ufi'Vl1.:J~1Un11Liltl.:JLL~:::~1ULPl1'M'ln"'l:i':::'lll~1.:J:i'1'll'l.:Jfli"ll1~1";)c;i (Safavid) nu

11'll'l.:J fllt111~1'Vl'Vlt'l.:J 18 ~1'lllft1fl'l1JJl3J'ri'ufi1:::'111~1.:i 2. t11:::L 'VI flliiuLiiiij LL~:::LL tlt.1LLfl~'l.\3J1 n~.:i'u tu~2Tt1~2JL~"'l-n1:::u111t1ru3J'lll111"l! 'L"'t1'"l:::l.:iLni;il~tG11n'lllinl1uY11.:JLt'ln~11 "~1Lt11mi'i;i16

i\it1ii1u (The Ship of Sulaiman)" ~.:iLiluuu\1n11t'l.:Jflru:::'VJi;i~-n1:::L~1"l!1Uf!im-11u (Shah

Suliaman) LL'".:J11'll'l..'.lfll"ll1~1";)c;i (Safavid) tu-ll'l.:i 'n.fll~ 2207-2237 ~~.:iii1tl'.:iri'l1~1'1!n11fl.:J

~lJL~"'l'n:i':::U111tJN3-1'1111rl'llLilfl ,,.fl!. 2228 ~L~LLflCMtl.:Jfl'l13Jl3-!'ri'ufitTu£fi:r:::'lll~1..'.l'll1'lLUtlfL;ltJ rl'U"Jl1'.lfltl1lJ Lf;ltlfi~1'.l~..'.l~.:J:i'1'.l"Jltl..'.ln1:i'L~U'Vl1.:JLL~:::-!l'l.:J:i':::tJ:::L'.l~1~fltjLUfltl1lJ 'U'Vl'U1'Vl"Jlt"l..'.l

... . '111'.l LUflf L;ltl LLfl:::l-! fl~ lJ :i''.l "il.:iu1'U'Vl'Vl1.:i l.:i fllJL ufl2Tt1'1!u LiluiJiu Lijfl il.:i fl l!ti"Jlfl.:J fll.I L~"'I

... 'n:i':::L 'ri'Vl11"ll1 f'1'.l1lJtf lJ'ri'Ufi"Jlfl..'.l~.:J 2 tJ:r:::L 'VI flln~ "'i'JflmN LLr;ifi.:iij1JUU1..'.l'll1'.l Ltlt'lfL;lt1fut <\!

1111fl1tl'ntJtj ~fi::uitt1111'J.:iff"111~1~~ (Safavid) fiuflfi1t1fl.:ilu rut 2275 Ln~fil'J1uiu'.l1t14'u 1.uLt1flfL;lt1 fil'l1JJl3.J'ri'ufi"Jlfl.:iflt11iiLLfl:::Lt1flfL;lt1~.:i'lllt1c;i"Jl:::-fn~.:i i;iflii11.utJ -n.PI. 231 o Ln"'m:r • ~ ... !..J .I.- ... ..J %. •81 .I 4 'I" ,J L~tint.:i fll1tl!!fit1'1 flN'Vl 2 "Jl1'l Lufl1L"litl'Vlt11 ritlflfJ b Uflt113.Ju1:::L 'VIPl"'l.:J L(;lfJf4tl'n2.J'l~'U1..'.lnfln LLfl:::

... l~ L ;,,,.J'1ij'U'Vl'U1'Vl~1 f'l cy i;iti11"Jl~1un L 'VltJtl n flf..'.l L u-Jl'.l.:Jfl2Tt1 nt.:JfiU'l,!1LLfi:::n1.:if i;iu 'Ln au'Vl f

"'11nfl'.l1lJl2.J'ri'ufitTu~LLfl:::tJ1'lU1U1'l3J~..'.ln1:i'L;;12.J'1ij'U'Vl'U1'Vl~1f'lty"Jl~Wll1'lLUflfL;ltJ

1.utJ1:::L'VlfllL'Vlt1 Lilu~tJ~4'n-Mflti1.:iLLtli"~1n11~c;iviflnu1:::'111~1.:imiJ.J"llu 2 n~iilltitJJ.JVi11.~ .,. • 1..J "" ~ "' "" 'I 'I """ "" "" ~ a I • I .- ... 91

Ln C'ln11LLfln LlJfitJU'Vl'l.:J'l ~UfiUlJ"ll-3 nULLfl:::nu b 'Viti L:i'1 LC'l:i'1Jfl'Vlfi'nfl"'l1 n rifl u:::L1Jt11L "lit! L 112.J'l

.... ,,/' ..,t'lfllJfl'l1C'l-3U

i1U1'i'lNTI'l'iil L-!IU "'lllU-3~fJ~fl.:J~'llli'lU:i'1'llfiU2.J" ;..'.lf'11C'l~1U1"'1:::LiJuil'Vl1U

~"3~~uuiltifll1flU1~flfl12.JUiL;J1ltJL~1m1t1-n1:::L~1LL~U~u1.u~2Tt1nt.:ifllffiq11t11 ~1'111ru~'llli1U II I I I

:i'1'llfi113JUULUUil'Vl1UYlLfltl'lrl'Ufl~fi:i':i'2.J~1'111f'U~Unfl1fl..'.lLL~U~ULLfi:::djuVlilm-1Liluflth.:ii.11n

16... - .., "' L'i1lU,.8'JOU. m.n 26.

17 •• I "' - • I ~-. ' '" ti "' ... • "' 'J".Qn IJ,,'l'l (U.ufl"t1n u.i'1'1L'll'l.I 11'11fl'l.I). Lfil-U,.11. '1'1'1.11 16. 18,..iil'l't'N~ "''ri1f111tl', il11t'il'l1ftL"r1a-i111hu fi'l-J111i'u-Wufi-iu;i?t'lnfii,.n11 400 ll. '1'1U1 34. . '

9

u.i;ii..i\1~1 n~ ~ ll'tJ n t'l fll1tHJfitJ 1 U.!JI nvhtJ hJ n'l~il n 1 :i'L;!l'l.l'VIU\I ~fl Lth1if ;f uf1 n fl f\l L u~ll'tJ nt'lf!JluLn~u'VlfL~f.lLnu1.~1.u'Vltl~J.j£91'Vlfl'l\l'Vlffi'Vlti~J.j£914!1\I~ L(;ltJn11nunJ.J~1nfl'l1J.J'VIN~1

"'fl"~~\lf.l1!J l"i11.ii~tl1.Jfilfilfli;i1\11 Lltiu'ltl L"liu 'Vf:i'::Lt?l1t11it'il£fl nt11mtlu 'Vf:i'::Lt?l1tJit~'Vli " lj .!'fl " '1 .!'fl " 19 'Vf1::L~1fi Lfl2J1U nt11muu 'Vf1!:L'"11fi11 Lfl2J1U LlJUVIU

il1u~f1'ifl'i'iJI L "Jiu i4J11'Vf'1!1'lJ.j~iiJ.J Ltltif L;tJU11 nn,, u~ virnnJ.J eJ1 ~U\I f.l1;j

J11'Vfm;'r;i1'6LtlflfL;it1u.f1::'Vf:i'::Lt?l1'Vl~m{~ 14 1JU1J1U~'Vf:i'::LIJl:i'iJi)n~ll'tint'lfll1tltJfitJ1 (J11'Vf~ 1)

111 ~'Vl'Vl1 :i'LUf.l fL ;i tJ nu'Vl '11111eJ f\I Lfll ~ n 1 i'I fil'l U iJ1 ~ ~ Yltl\l 'Vf :i'::Li;i :i'iJi) n ~ll'tJ n f\I fll1flfJfitJ 1

(111'Vf~ 2) 111v.~ vi1nnJ.JeJ1 ~ir" u.ii~'Vf'1!1'l Ltltlf L;m~1 ~tl\IJ.J 'L 'VI~ Cl~'Vf :i'::tl 'Lu~ Cl'3' £9l~'l11w11ii • •

L~1~\l'Vf:i'::J.J'Vl1-nun~'3'£fl"litl\IUU'Vl1(J11'Vf~4) Lllu~u

it1udtJ1J11r1nssa1 L'llu n1ru1LRitN1~;£Ji11tl1::c;iu'Vfr::'i5'1!111 'Vfr::L~;iJ~1\11 "' n'l.h~ ::J.J1'"11 n n11tl1:;;u n :i'::LU'il\I Lfl;tlutl1:;;ui;i n U.l'i\lll'~!i c;i-,it)\l'n1'l Ltlf.lf L;f.1

20 n11l"i1 Lfl\I

ttfl(;ILL'l!lflJ.J (Pointed Arch) 1u~ll'ttnNfll1tlttfitt1 (J11'Vf~ 5) LU'l.ILfl\ILL1JU~~f11J.JPitlii1~'lULfl\I • • "' "' ~'ltJ n 1:i'ritl~ s1. iif1JU1'1!1Un LLfl ::thttU1'1!1Un 'ltJ;J1\11 LLfl::fl\I ~ ~U\I iitJf.l (;I r;itj' c;iilc;iwl.ltltt

(Ogee Arch) ~\ltfuilttl1u1.~~1Ln£fl;iu~t1uL~t1 tl1n~Cl1u ut1::tl'\lfilfl1L'Vlfll 'Lc;itJ"Ji1\I

• I .- col 'I If""" , col ...! o " •I co1. I .J ' ' 'I 1'"' '!11'l Luf.l:i'L'lltl LLfl:: L'VltlL£9111JVlf.lit1tln'Vltll1l'VIU\I n11'Vl1'l!J.Ju1::'Vlu (J11'WYI 6) fil1t'l'l1'1.11'"1:: LPl:i'U •

LiitHtlf4rhn1u (Isfahan) (Jl1'Vf~ 7) LvJtHtlu~11\lu•i~·fl\ltl1::°"ur;inu.!#l\11 LLfl::n1ni1"lifl-3tlt

i;i1J.J ~U\111f.l\1~'1!111LLt1::v.1::11'!!'3'\l 1. u~27tt nt\I fllffitJii!.11 i;if.lun fl1\l~\I i;if.lutlt11t1 (111r.~ 8) LllurJiu

a-;i11tt1!lu~~'l.Ji;\1.:a i L"liu t11mn1filrui;i fl1tt'Vf:i':i'W'Vft]ntt1 LLfl::fl'l(;lfl1tJM1\lm1

~~it~ ~1'!.l~f.l (;IL~ tl'l fiur::'l!l~1\lfl'l£91fl1tl i;i1\11 ~'Vf U~ 1QnU1J.J1 L t\11. '1.1011Uf:;c;lu f;l n LLvi\I ~~J.J ~ ~ 1'1.1

nunut1'l£9lt11tJ1.u~t1tl::tu

.. . . mrhtlr::Lvhu.~'l 2 ijf.lr;iuf.lni!unLtlut1'Vlfi'Vft1m1~tluhiiJ.J1'"!1n~~t11J.Jilmtt;ifl::iiiGtJn~1

"m1L;f1.1JJ::u::it~1 "21 nJJ'ltla\lfl1it11l'i1"1 L1iu LLn\lll'ioru 11tl'u ~1'lit3Jn 'lri u.t1::111.1u'l~'lri

LUUrM'l.I

"' tl'Jl'Jl 3

n1'HlTt!ITt'll'8~U.'llflLU'8~L·!l"''lnTt~'UA"lfll'i'8!1fi!l1L-i'1inihil-a~t1'l~n'8nL'lllW • v ~ ,, I

'Vli.:i~1ni'.lms-LiCtint.:ifll1'ti!Jnti1flf.:iVi 2 hiiJ '1.fll. 2310 '11:::L~1nt.:int.n.J1'Vl'°ffit'U.Ju~~

.., :i':::L ~1 i;t') niU2.J'\.'11 j')"JI tiJl!i1ti:i'1"JI fi1ULL vi.:i t 'Vlii2.J1d'.:i LiltN nuu1fll12.J'Vl1 ~)J'V)j "Jl1'UJ ~~" t u~l!'ti • • • I I SI I•

nt.:i fll1fl!Jfitl11.11LUU'VIU..'l1.un~2.J LLs-n1 Vifl'1tJ't1)J1 ~.:iiiul1ut1tj1.n ~ tiu~utl"nin.:i Lijfl..'lfiU1J1LLfi:::

ri.:ifh uL1tiUfl'l~u1L'l cu 12.J LLl-iif 1 L(;ltJ"Jl)J"JIULL:i'mlfl..'l LL '!I n"Jl1'l LU'fl f L;j mruLn (;l(U 1. U"JllJ"JIU '1 • •

u1.:in'flnL'Vlqj 1.u-il'l.:JLLs-n ('1.fll. 2310-2325) tl'.:i1.l-itls-1nn'Vlin~1ums-~11.:ifll1~u~muLilums-

Cl1'l1'!lfl..'l't'l'l n LL '!In Ltlflf L;l!J~ L ~..'lfl't1!J't1L;f1).11 '11J LL~ L ~!J..'l'Vli n l1U~ LL~ (;l..'j 1 ~ LU'l.!~1"111'll.J~ ~)J L:rt1~1tl"l1)J~LllL;1).11i~~U~1Ut1tjnfluifu1.li~11~fll1~U~t'l1U~il~fl~1 "fl~L'l!laj" 'Vlffi "ll'~tj(;l ,, ,, ,,J' • I .,. ... ... ,, s ... 'I ,, ..... I !fl .J 0 ...... ~ cw l?l'l.!~'l.!" (;l'J!JL'Vli;iU't1'lnLL'!lmufl:i'L'.litl'VlffiLL'!lmliil1L"DU"'t..'l'!ltl L"llfl!J L'Vl'kJLu'l.!'Vl'Vl1'1fin1:i'2.JLL'!lm"'f1L'.li'l.!

'Vl1'tl~fl11!1fl ~'tl2.J1Lii'tltlfi1!1M~3!tJ"Jlfl..'l'11:::L~1 nt~ fi'l.!1.J1 LliLn f;l fl'l1lJi (;l LLfJ~ ~fl..'lU:i':::L Vl fil

t) ~un11lJ~fiLL 'II m~1 L4it.i'Vl1fl "f11'.li :i'fl" :i':::'VI~ 1-:i'rl'l n LL 11 mtlflf L;i!J LLfl:"Jl1'l)J~i" ~ Lilu ~ . ~

" .,/' .J .I .,. ...i .ii "' " !fl .oil ..J' L"'t1'1Jfl..'l't1'l.!'Vl Vl'ln LL 'II n Lufl:i'L'll!Jliil..'l LL!Jnl?l'lflfln).11 ~j1~ fll1~'l.!~ tl1'l.!Lu'l.!"llfl..'lVl'l n l?l'l.!Lfl..'l L)J'tl~'l.!

~l!!J11fl..'l't'l:i':::L ~1nt..'lfi'l.!1.J1 1

.I .._ ~ 4 • ~ u~'J M A'J1M L u'Ui.11'1'8~fl!)L"''lt\l,-.1 flf'U

LrltlVl:i':::U1'Vl~)J L~"'t't'l:i':::yt'Vlfitlfl (;lyhr.pi1 Lfl n)J'\.'1111"11 (f"lln1fi~ 1) u;~ tl1U'l.!1

., S' ~ .....r !fl .... ,, !'I ,, I ~ I .l' ,, Pl ... n {..:J 1'1'1.1Ln~U'Vl1"JJULuU11"1fi1UU.~'l Vl:i':::tl..:J fl L"1 LLfii1'1 'l..:JV11Ur I flULLn 'l Luui 'rf 111"lltJUIJI 1flULL1n

I .., ~ ~ .,...i Pl ,, 0 ti .,. ... ... ., .... ,,J' LL'Vl..'l11?1ULn~u'Vl11..'lLuu~u1"Jl1'lLL11m fl:i'L'.liti"'t1nnt.:ifll1fl!Jfi!.l1fl't'ltJ)J1!1..'lnt..:inu1J:i' t.1fln"'t1nu

'Vl1u1.~tl'.:i~rn:f'tl~1ti"1"'t1n·vhuL'1!fl 'tl:::'Vlij'(;l fli'.l -.,'f'll"riu1.li't'l1:1111'Vl1u~~uu1L'ln.i1"LLl-itf1 I

"" .... I ... 81 SI I .. II " .. SI !'I L"'t 1Vl :i':::tJ 1 n1 n l?l:::'lUl?I n L 'VI un'rl:i':::tJ 1i'rf 1 :i'1"Jl)J UV! s-n'?IULLn'l L.., '?! ~11..'l Lu'l.!fll1~'l.!~t'l1 'l.!"11'?1~

't'l'l n LL "11 n L~1 L .;u uu LUU fl~ u. vi.:i LL:i'n'!lfl..'l't1'l n LL 11 n L ~1L.;u'Vl1flu4ll n Ltl'?lf L;jti LLfl:::Ltlum rn~ f;l..:J I 9'

1 ~ L ~u~.:i fl'l1)J tf "~ufit1u;\1:::'1!1~1.:i1111~1un rit1'1'l n LL '!in Ltlflf L;jtifiit1"1 ~..'lLL~~l!ti nt..:i fll1

1fi1uu'1 "lh·:i~;i;i_ ~fiL~1L;u (tl1•'ltl} : i'1an1twu.•::m'l.i1'l~"ll1a.Wun•tln1t1i~ u • •

;j n1!1=ifl~U°l 1Jft·UUJ! JJ!I. (i3'Vlti 1ilw'1Jihnqi qi 1;J ~tJ P'l1 M1~2..11-t1U!lJ~ iJI ~1,,1i3,,12.J11ftttii3'Vl tl1

uruojj111i3'Vltnflt.I JJ'"1~'Vltnflt.1iil~1hm, 2551), 41-44.

11

12

fl£!fitl1'"tUu-:i~irtmt-:ifi;iu 'Lnihw1 f ufl'-:i'"t1 n~'Yi i:::t11"'!~111"lilJU1J11i! 1 u ~..:i~irti n t-:if i;iu tniuvi f

( nfluun'l) u..:i uriflil'"l n nlJtN fl1 c;itj1..,1:::t11'1~111"lilJUi;iifl1 mu~~..:i Liluufl-:i"li1t1'Lr);n11f1J ... . '

ui;i-:i l'i-:i 1.ihilu';~1n"lilJUt;i1flui;ifl 1tJ~tl 'Yi1:::t11i~111"lilJUi;i'Hi 2 (fl1 n1uu) u ~-:i~irti 0 I ...

n f-3 ffRu tn~u,,, fo~~rhun'l"'~r1-:iriljiinitfl',nl'unf1e "fJljfi 1-:i" ~ 1 L iti;ifl ift1 ntj1 riljci1.:iuu I " I I

LiluL 'Yi11:::i;'h u in.i.:iVi l'i..:iViflti ti1-:i'"t1 n n~u fi..:i LL1n ;i-:i~h.:i Lf;ltlfi 1:::t11"t~111"J12.JU1J11nfluun'l Ufl::: .. «114..) "'

"':::'Jn C1tJ ntj1 "fln1Ju" i;if}J.J1 fl~tl1-:i LtJ~tJU~fl2.J1 Lilu11~ L"tlriJYi1 fllif ui-:i"t1n~;j n11f\j1..:i

~:,i11.1L"tlriJYi1fllul:u~irtJ'Yi1:1J1vi~ii L~"t'Yi1:::2.J..:tf1{1 Ln~1 L.!i1fltj'lf'l i-llmfl~ 6 u"t"\UuflnL "'lriJ ... I

'Yi1 fllUl'i..:tfltjVi-iiflm =D-:i~:::'Yi1UL llllriJ'Yi1 f'IU '1UU~~Ul1'Yi u ".ll'l\I L "tlriJYi1 fllU L "JI (;J1J1\I ntl n t 4"aj ... ' ...

ni..:i L Vl'Yi"1 L(;ltJ"t:::l'i.:ifltj L=D.:if\:::fi1UL "tl'lJ'Yi1 fllU3 Otl Lilufll1~u1~mu".Dfl..:t~~~lJilmt1:ftfl:i.fVi ~.:i I II ii I

!1u31u2-11~\ILLl1i~irmit1nt.:ifllffi~11t11flf.:iVi 2

1. l'i'lir~u"'

2. LL 'Ylu\1111 (Mihrab) ~.:itltj~ ri1u 'Yi.:i ~1U4"fi.:i"1tMir~u"' 4"1fl~ C1t1 ntj1 "n1u ..," . ... "' ... G 'I.I ... mJflf;I" (Qiblat wall) "ll\l"t:::L4"UmVl1\IUJ'tl\IUJnn:

3. fittl.l"l~ULVlfllu (Mimbar) "t:::fltjV11.:i~1u;i1tJ11tl.:iu'Vlu1J"li1Lf\2Jtl Lilu~1.~~14"ru

L '"Un L \'I flluii'.:i LVl fll'U1fij1lJLLtl~~2.J1 L Uif f\U !JI I

4. fl1tJ (Courtyard) Lnti1~1nn1rfi1r~LUt1·ntffirhu'Yi.:tfltl2.JffiJ.Jl'i'lJ7~vc;iLnfl~til

fl'J1J.Ji'U'l1tl

"' 5. UflU1 1~~1uf1J-i11:::~1.:i:h.:imt1ti'tlu~:::4"2.J11'1

6. tJ1::;f;IV11\IL;J1 (lwan) ... 'i' 'I. "' • ~ 'I." .3 ., ... " 'I " ... ... 7. 4"tlfltltl (Minarate) 1.f;ltl L'Uf\2.JtJntl'UUU L11~14"11JLffint.;!fil'U L4"lJ1~:4"2..11f;IL2.JtlCl.:J

L'lfl1~:::4"lJ1f;t Lffintj1 "L~mtl:::"ll1U"

2L'h4Lila.i. 'VIU1 54-61.

3iht114u,~ljL<eit'hy'W,flfU L•11tn4n'ilnL14qj nt4L"1'Wil141Ull'i.

13

. ., . lf~fjc;i,,:::LL~c;i~tltlnn~pjLLtltl~~iJ:::'lltl~LLvi~:::\ii i;i'~uulf~tic;i'!ltl~"Jl'l'lLUtlfL.tJYlL~'lit'l

Sf I I I

i~au~1utu1.l:t:::L'Vlfll1vitiutlt1Vi,,:::LL~c;i~tlflnu~n11e.i~tie.i~1uVlm-iiin~unu1:::~~1~iiit-i1.l:::1vitinu ' ., .

iiit-i1.l:::LUtlfL~tlvtLilu;i~iJ:::~i;ii'lti'li~LLl1iLL1n

0 I cil ... ... A

fl'l'lit~it1E.1'11tl~ fl'l'l'l "fl{)" Vl'lit.,,,,U1~n12J~tltl11'ntltl.ler! f;ltJ~Cl'lU ..,, . fll. 2542

1:::'4~ 'l~JJ'l ti tl~ "LN1.l:t:::"J1til11 ff 'VI fiiffi e'hfJ fli'l~U'l~~ ~ 1itiln1E.1 L~'l L oiU"4

'i:c;iuvf 'l 11.l LL~'lth"l::: LUUfll'l ~u~ ti 'lU'Dtl~ti~ ~ tiiln 'ltltntl:::i LL~ :::ii K.,,l'i"L1tin~1 "~V13.i12-1u1 n i (lmambara)"

~

:t:::~nu~m1ii:tn.in:tT2J1lfl~vi'lUQ'llLiiu (Hussain) ~~LUU'4VIT'n'ltl'Dfl~vi'1Ufl~i-i'l2Jfl'l; (Ali) LLfl::: ., '

vi1u~t0~vh~JJ:::i (Fatima) 'i:c;iuvi~~fl~ii'4Vl:till'ltinu 2 fluuun;.ltl i'lliu (Hussan) LLfl::: ., .

~'l!L"ll'W (Husain) vi1uvi~ 21tl\~1N~'lLLWU~~V13.i'la.JLU~~L:t'l:::'lfKm''l"ll\ii 61 (1'1'l .,,_ft 1224) .. lufl1l't1~fi1ufitu.i1JJQ'lfL'lf'l.! (Husain) ~'lN~'lLLtn.i~ fi1uufl::n'lnuh1ffin~1u'lt1\llrl~1.;tQn

% ' ' .,. ., ,,. ."'( ., •'I •I ..,.., 'i' -.J' ., .l' fltltlti~'Vl'lffit1'l~'Vl1tn.im':tit cu LLe.iuc;ium·u:::fl'lfl u~iuutlfJ LUu1:::L'Vlflifl:tn 1.c;it1.,,fiu~:::,,c;i"J1u

'VJ n1 ilt ULtiifluit:::~:::\11~1 ~~ LUUL~flULLTn (;1'12.Jil~Yi U'lltl~"ll'l'll.J ~~it.,,Tfl2J nur.r c;i LUUL'l fl 'l ' ., '

10 1'u vitlLUfl~nui~LLvi1'ULLTn'11fl~L~flU iimnfl1tltl~tl1:::1iifll1~r;iftl:r:::nf1t10'lJn'l:ti'lJ'ffl\I

~tniJh'ri'uil~n11~cuLau;~f;l'!ltl~vhu~~i.i1iil21J1L"llU (Hussain) LLfl:::t1'1'l1:t 1.J:t:::ntlunu

n1:tiitln'linii;i LLfl:::n11 t~ii i;i,i'uii!nt::: t~ Lfltl{;l 1i.fltltlnit1 L~tl Lilun11LL~c;i-:1tltlnn.:ifl'l12-1 Lflln Lfll11

1.nfft1num~1n1.tl11tl.:ivhu~i.3.i1JJ~"l!Leiu (Husain) LL~:::u1'l116

2546), 91.

5,iifll'Yi-3Pl' ,~1f1J1'1!. 'IJU'U1~n-n1ti1'111 : fl1'ifffl1!t1'l.l'rl'l.11'rlLLtlZ'MU1tlutU7!1'11~6!J1Q~

•~si'1tulniu'lli- ,...,,_ 2153-2435. (n~.:i~viw.,: b.:irbJW°'1'>i'uNn1ru'-!u1i3vimri'£1, 2546), 44.

6fi1uu~ "ll1Nvt:ni.;). YtBL~1L4u ('111!'19)

ilm11;'8::,nui'-uu1'l"11. ~\b 2.

14

9' .., al ...... .J... ... °' ~ '.:!f 1." 4 f;l'al IJl'llu LL1l1l'1l'fl~Vi fin fftl'Vl ii n'11f;l'fl n"JI n IJl'l LL~ ::;n-1 f flUP'l ftt::; i.t L~ 'fl l'ltl'fl n

..111. ~~~ L i.t~1iltitl Lilt.!~~ ~tl~~'lt!L UlJflti"' L -.u1::;2!f!U (1l Lmtiu LflijtlUtJ'lU'!ltl~\U::;~ LiJUL~'l ~~ifufll1flu1fltl'lU'lltl~~fl~iiilmt1;lt1~ifLllu~~1i.tfulffinniit118J!rtl ~~\jn'1t1n~1 "flfl" i.t1tl

"tiUJ.i1UU1f1d°"

'il~ A'l1r.m'il1J'!l 'ilUJ ij L "ll'1J'n1 filU flflL"'1'LJYi'lf'IU (ll'lfi~ 10) LilUfll'lflUflmu~i1'llU'l(;!Lfln tl'l"'LilULVi11::;"111'l~fl~tl

ilmt1;i?1::;i.t1i.n.fa::;LY1'1L'Vlt1i141u'lUUtlt1n~1"111'l~fl~a.J ilmtiiui.tti (Sunni) tlth~1.rni;i1iiflfl

L~1cyYi1'1mi'fl~1Ltlufii1flu~mu~1~cy1.um~1mnrriiL~1L4u11tl~"ll1'l~t1~ii ilmti;tl::;'!f fln

L"'1cyYi1fllu"'::;1h·::;n?1uhJ~'lt1 ... ' '

1. IK'.ln~iduiin1fr.i't'l'.l'l'lut.1ue7"LlluftliL~iit1u4'i;if~L,iuLi'lt1'ururtl1.1.uu1.1.t.1uer" ~d.J ~ q ~

"D?1~2l'fltic;i1.u~~tl::;Lt1?1fL•t1 L"liu uc.iuer~1tJ~L,..;t1iir.i'IJlffl"D?1~2!fltil'li.t~·NLL'IA~~tl~~~vht11u (The floor plan of the congregational mosque of Isfahan) t1r:L'Vl'1~'Vlt1u (ll'lfi~ 11)

... 2. fl1tlLU"'di~'lU~'l~'LJUUfltl "LLviU\j"ll'l (Mihrab)" Lilui'91~u6n~1'1LUL'l~'l

tJr::;nflui.t1?1'Vi1~fi~::;'Vlt1'111l L'9ltl'V!n f\U"'::;~uii1~ LL viu\j"ll'l~~f;IN nu Vi fllnuii;i (Qiblat)

.J (ll'lfi'Vl 12)

.J (ll'lfi'Vl 14)

5. ~-D1r::;h~mt1ritlu~"'::;tJr::;ntlu~Mffi'Vl'l~fii1flu1i.tffi~::;'Vlii111l (ll'lfi~ 15)

6. LNL1t1ut1tlu'11t1u111l1t~ ~~3-! t1ii1ii ~t16 ~~tltjY11~~1u;f1m1tl~i'll!t1u11l (ll'l'rl~ 16) f'l~'lt1n1ln'lfLN~UfltlUfll'lflU'lLULUtlfL;tl~mm~1 "tl111l'l"Ji'l (Madasa)"

7. ur::t11't11'1L111;t1uui.!1 (lwan) ..

-t~ 7 tl~ fl"tJr:n'fluifLilutl~ fl"tJr::;ntlu~~., ~'Y 'll'fl~ fln L"'1cy'rl1 '1u ~~Citl~ 1 ...

LUutl~fl°tJr::;ntlu~1~cy~1uful!tlu'9!ini~u~fl2l't1tur1w

llli:JClWJ!C'!lut -i".i,1'T•n~

.------. P.~~~ 11 l es~'~.!~' l ,,..i 1 I

{::~"L~ I

~;.J ,,_ ; : ('9 '' ,.., ... -

isst. 001

e~

I I I ii

15

i'l'fl1 f'l11'fltjt utf.:i~ L 'l-lih.1J.J~.:i LU'L!'fl1 fl11'Vl N LN ri'fl~3'1'fl\j'L!LLf!:\J~'rn~u~u

'l-li.:i fl1'VIN Luudu't-l!.n~.:i ~'lti n1:Lrl''fl.:i in~i;i L!Ji1~ L;lti'l i'l'fl1 fl11i.:i'fltj11u31uu'l Liu1 ~.:iilm.J "'

tuf!mur,;iunnl-IL'Vlt1'i:i;it1L'il'Vi1:fil1f!uflmu!Ji1.:i1 i'lf.l1fl11\;t.iu.:iffi.:if11i11'"un'Jlf.l.:i'l-li.:if11

'Vl1.:!~1U\lU1iilfD (fl1'Vi~ 17) ri'flU~~:a.:in1t1tui'lf.l1f111 ~l-!11iliiLLti.:!LU'L! . . "' 5 "ll'NL~1 LU'L!L~1im~m.Jtliitum1fuihv1ll'mfii;i1u11u "ll'l.:!L~11.'1Nnt'l1.:iii'Jlu1i;it'Vlqit;\Lilu

1.11:~'Vl1.:IL;1~.:11.'1NnrnLYi'L!1J'll1 (Mihrab) ~.:ILUU~'lU~1Pin1~~{;l'Jl'fl.:lnn iin11LU'L!fl'l1l.J~1Pin1 'U 'll ." 'I 1tdJ ·~

1:i;it1n11ii1l..!1l'VIU1r.f'l~1l.JL'Vl~t1J.J (Pediment) fiu'fl.'flfiJ.J1'Vl1.:1~1U;1.:ii'.:i 2 ili1u LLti.:ILU'L!

• "I~ .P"I • I " :; " c1 ° c1 U .., .J' • I 1 'll'l.:IL~1LLfl:Qn L"llLuUu1:~'Vl1.:!L'D1'Vl.:I 2 i;i1u J.Jn11'Vl1LLU'l1:L1JtJ.:ILLfl: 1:i;i11n1:L1J'fl.:lul

.... ..I !"I"' .J'..J o::..,11 ..I, .J'..J, " fl1 tl~'L!L 'Vi'flfl f;lfl'l 1JJuf;l'Vl1J'Jl'fl.:l'Vi'L!'Vl LL fl :'V11'D'L! 1J'L! Lf;l L 'Vi'fl LL1J.:11l'tl1J L 11IJl'ViU'Vl1:\ll'l 1.:1fl1U\lU1 LL fl:; . "' . ~"ll~1U'VIU1 (fl1'ViVl 18) ~1'L!1J'L!iin11ii1LL&Nn'L!LULLrM~:-li'NL~1 L~'tl ,,~,~~ 1:fi.:i~uLnu1.tlLLfl: QI .cJ ., I 0 SI Q£fl J,,,J J.J n 11L~1:-litH1tl i;i1'l (fl1 Vt'Vl 19) tl1:i;i11vi n LL111.:i LLfl:V11 L 'l-lfl i;i f'l'l1l.Jil f;l'Vl1J'D'fl.:l'ViU'Vl l.J'!l'Vl1.:I .. . . . " i.f .... .,..J. .c11o .tt.1'Gil I 41i SI 0 .... dflt.I I/ 4tt.t.r t.'11'L!'VIU1'Jl'tl\llJl'J'tl1fl11LLfl:t1.:i"11'ltlLYOJLL~\I LVIJJfl'J1JJ~'l1\l'flnlPl'ltl ~1V1nm11 L"JIL~1 2 IJIUL'Vifl L"ll

"' f11il1'Vlunn1t1 L'L!fl1'L!LU'L!m1'tl1~1t1 !Jl11.tl~ LL Yi'L!1J'll1 (Mihrab) ili'Jm-Ji'L!n'L!

"' ~'l'L!ti t.'IJJ1UU ~1U\llU1LLti.:1-dt1.:itl1:~LUU 5 'll'l.:! L 'lluL~tl'l n1J n11LLti.:J-li'l.:i L~1'Vl1.:I

~1U'VIU1 LL fl :ii n11 \1il'Jlu1 l'l1l'fl.:J-li'tl.:itl1:~ L ~'El LLti.:i fl'l1JJ~1 Pir:y 'i:i;iti-li'fl.:itb:~r;rN nt'l1\l~:ii

'JIU1c;JL'lolajLL~:i;i1.:1n11ifu~'!ltl.:JLLYi'L!\!'ll1 (Mihrab) L~'tlU.:J1J'tlna.:ifl'l1JJ~1Pi'C!J"ll'fl.:J''L!~Jl1tlLU

Clli I J cii.c:J411 0 IV .c:il I -=:ii I : 4 J .::J 1

fl1tl L Ul.Jfi11LL1J.:J'ViU'Vl'Vll.Jf1'l1l.Jfl1 fl ClJ L 'Viti.:! LLf'l~'lULCiltl'JL 'V11UUflf.l 'Vi'L!'Vl"ll'fl\ILL 'VIU\J'll1

(Mihrab) 'i:i;iu~:t;iLL'L!'lLfl1~L'Vl~tJl.J~'L!L~LiJuifu~~L'Vl~tll.J~iiiu~l.J1n~~i;i iiLLt.J.:l~'L!1:'Vl~1.:i -il'J.:JLfl1LLfl:n11tl1:i1Jl.'lnLLrA.:!~'ltlfl'lf;tfl1tl 1JfL'ln.ILLYi'L!1J"Jl1 (Mihrab) iin11LLU.:l'U~'fl'flnLUU .. 3 ~'lu 'i:i;it11.'1Nnfl1.:i~:L~1:-il'fl.:i~L'"~til.JL;11.tlii1LLYiu\l'll1 (Mihrab) ~\liru1.tl'Vl1.:ififiln11iP1 ( Qiblat) LL fl:;\ O'l LiJ'Tlqzijfl~1t1nt1'l\I L~\I (Arch) w'f'tlJJnuiln11~0'li'l!inm'tl1\llfu (111w~ 21)

'i:i;iu ir;i!inM-1~t:1iii11ufl i;iutlfl~1 "ifl Lfl1:if (Allah)" 'Vl1'fl'Vi1:~ LU'L!Lili111?1\I f111~u1~~~1l.J ~ . .. . "'

~'lui'linM-1iin 5 ~'lt1ntt1il'fltj'Vl1.:i~1ufi1.:iu'L!~:'""1t1u.:i "2:;jn'J.J'"~c;i (Mohammad)"

, ~ ~ . tLl4LGt-GILt-LlflLnk1.:::13nlfJ:::trrt-GILGnk1.inbl1Lij&ITt-Gm:::tu:::l31iij'(!.l't'l f1C,l4111#J'.!tIT • "' , • r"' ,.,. ,.. , • r ;.gi. "' .... 1 •

g LUlttA.t-GJr. Lnk1.nLl4 ru4!;J;::grrnLl11A.LM u b:!t u t'ijk1.nLl4:: ij,, t.,nk1.nl.,l4 t-11m::tt-G1Lt1.n.t1.Ll4 t-l.,IA. ICl'f" I " " .... I. r" lis .... " " " pr ;g

f,l.,\4 f1.£n111 t-Gjf.:!l.,b1:!ij11n,V Ul.,l!o\'U c. 1lrl.!&11M. n \lil.lll.,tn•,, .\'-\t'S~::l.Mtl.U ·c '5 I

UU::tt.,~U~llC.~n.~:::tfL!&'l.,Wl.,GUGnnL~t-LtA.tl.fl.fl.GfL'.!ijntl.VJl.,l!l.,bJ1 I

( qeJ4!v.J) t., u.li.ntA.,, t-~ n.tk1.t., t31b w Lt3tA.tA.nt.tn111 t-ir.n \ !lt.,l!rtllijk1. i ~ tA.nt.truc. itn.tA.n.t.t::b t-i.,, u If , :: ... 0 ... 0 r'r" r J:t r-r-FF r -~ .

rL.,::tntl.Uf\, nt-1t..n::1111 tCl.tW f.lill.1 l,U.ll.f\IA.lrLSllW11:'Sm::tUJ&,, tl.U ·z ... •• .. ... ,, .. i;wi;; ... ,,. ,. Iii

(qeJ4!v.J) t.,u;.li.n1A-iiruc.1-tn.1&n~::ij11 I '5

t LW LGC.~ t-GILU Gnnt.,l1nn.n.rn.ru c. itn.i&n." u G::tl.&&R.u !'"~lit~ n1::tr.tt..u · ~ I

nt-l41#J, t-n.nutLltLbJlll4, tl.Ml4Jr.1:-Lll@, ,f''°"" I ~ A I

llll'a 1t@f11:!f1ijl!! u Lbij t.tgtA.Gt-Unk1., k1. \ t-1.4 bJ11l4, nntA.nt.trt~1:::ijnL ltLll'afL, Lir.::: btl.l:-lfl1i u ~n.l4:!tf1t LU f=i' .JI! _. -IP' J:t IC IS k :: ~ r D ,go h 1'50 ,/" I _.

g l.W LGt-@11.UGntl.Llt' !:-LIA.TU c.itn.nn.nL!f 11GfL::ij11 g Ll'.11LGC.~11 Ll!!&tl.~t-ftn !&L bJ1 (QBJ4!v.J) I '5 I

L Jr.Ii. n IA.,, t-G II. It 11 ij k1., ~IA. M.M t-GIL\'U c.ig n. tA.11 @:: bM. n t-lfln u lfl n. l4:!tfLtLu11L113 W c. ij I r' ~r' r ._., r'' : I ....

t1-ldl.M.ibt,M{!unt,t-~11Ul6~~!1-'l.U

• • Ltmt1.Ll4Jt-LtA.ILltfl.UC.lll4J1n1L,1M.bllLl3tITt-@m:::gutttA.Nmi:::t:::l3nnl,13LIA.tLUlt "' "' .... ... I"' ... ,. r '"'I"' ,.. 0 ...

t-GJr. l i:-t., ~ Ltl.k1.rt:::l31H·l., IA. l LIL 1 t-t.,tA.~ ::trrrtt-ll'at-li3k1.tl.Ll4 t-t., tA.11.knnmL tA.14 t3nc.1.1 . , " .. " , .. ,. r .... " 1.; " .,,

(ll IA.t.\Ll!) LC.Ufl.W11l4 I"' '

tA.nt-tk1. \ t.,tA.Gt-t 1 Lrtt-ijt-11G1 l4LijM.Ll4 M., llo\:::bnn Ln.Gttl.1#11 r:-L1A.ruc.1tn.nc.~ ~ 11.1 n.G1Lnt1.1::b1A.Gt-tmLt i-r" 0 pr pr "' : --" r-r-nt.,!#JM.1nll1::ru-R.Uijrt::b (QBJ4!v.J) Llloli.ntA.nt-GILltllijk1.1bJIA.1'1.t.\11141 1'1,l.,l#Jt.\1t-Gll.:!fU.(;{.Uijlf.Vl.,Ulll41

., .... Jiii' • r-r-r-r ... " ~r:~t-ftntLU tsi:-11~u~ t-,tt~C.~ t-Gll.n~ n.~rtLC.Wl#J ij:!ij,, Ljt, t-t3n~ i G~ 1 t-l.,~ LYJ.k1.-~:!tf1Gnk1. 1 t-G!f.~

1'1.bllLijlrrt-Gm:::t un.l4:::trr:::ijn t-L~ LM.k1.-~:::gn t-GIL'.!l.,MJ:t., u t-111.t rn Ll4, !lLijl4 C.'3 llC.14 n.l4::trr .. , . r .... , . . " , . r-,_ ID' " " .... ~-'.

t LU t!ft\ t-t.,pn~ i~t-L!f 1'1.1..!1 t-LtA.t-,tt~:: ij,, 1..bJ1 c.nii u L bM.}14 ~1 ~ Lm;,m~i t-LtA.~111.L~

(QBJ4!v.J) l.,lloli.tl.jA.n

t-Gll.lll.,~nl.,!f t-l.,IA.~@, (JBQU!v.J) _Iilef IA.1_Iit3l.,lt.!:.!:!Jt;£'.:'311 U[;::!tl.,@,l.,.(;tl.,Lfnll1 (ueJnQ) nt.,IUU ij~

.!:l!ltWUl.,bLltU@,ijl4Jlii!UUli'!L. (qBJ4!W) l.,Jr.li.t1.tA.11n.LM.ILt-ir.nc.~ l UGIA.tl.t.\1'1.C.~ (pewwe4ow) .,.,.. .... .... ,.. , -I" '"'I"' r ~ . ~

14 jCk1.tt..@ltLW bJl.,IJM.L!A-U l.,bt-.!:~ 11141 llL bJB} 1 t£U Lbt-Gµ 1 rtJ:tgn.Gllo!ll411t~bJtCC.l.,llol.,!L~tl.ll1LpB-~1jt:!G~

llt.,untt~bJttlll41 .. (u,essnH) n~u.~ .. ::1i3n .. (uesseH) 1'1.}ir.~ .... (eW!lB.:J) ::rt~t.,tA,, H(!IV) ~t.,G.,

9~

17

Utl '19' t" ..,\ 4. tt'Jfl'l1!1"Uf!'n'ln'l!t1 n'i'a1Jfl'ern 1.i.i fl'an 1JMU LLtt::'l'Jfl'l1!1tl'aflLn!l'J

L'll~rlU'll'a.:aft'ufi,.qn'l!t1 'YfUL£f\t1i'l1.ilL'lruvfu~~Lu;mJ"Dtl~LLviuu"l!1 (Mihrab) l'l~d . ~

... I I

4.1 L~'lLLvi~:;~u'Yi~ · 4 ~'lu,..:;'12-1~'l IJl~'ltl~'lt!LL11ilnuYiiln1tlU f"l~'lt!LU'li:i

~~fl'l2.J (Lu'li:i 2 LL'un) 1tl~fu1.Lfl:;l'itl~'lt1~'l"'fl'lt1fll~1t1nu£f\tln1.i:i 4 nflu11.J~m~t12-1~il~~1k L'i'ltintt1tl11iintltj111ul u ,.tu~'lt1fl'l 1J1fl'lt1fl~'lt1 IJ!tln trniu LL~:;1tlu1 LilU~'llJl~'ltJ'Yf 'l ntt1

11 + 9' I

'Yi~l'l'em'lilnn2.1"ll1~u.fl:;l'ltln'h.1L'iuLIM2.1YiuYi"Dtl~L~'l

4.2 n1n'h n1tlU~il"lltl1Jfll (;i Lfl~ fl~'ltl nUfl'l IJ!fl'ltl IJ!tl n 'liJ LLfldl L'i'lti'ntt1 + ...

tl11:;ii n'Yf1tii.inuilfl1u'tiuf 'Yf 'l ntt1 ilfl'l£f\fl'ltl fl~!U (;)tln tu L'iu'Yi~ 4 2-!2-1 iifl'l 1J1fl1t1 i;itln 'li:i

n112-1"l!1~ lu'li:iti~fl'li.J (Lu'li:i 2 LL'iln) ~'!l(;)L"1l~LLfl:;~tl£f\L~U'l1'lt11tlumtlu i~ui.ii;iUtitj111t1lu ~ .J ..J II SI 91 ., ,J ~ .., ii

n1tlU~L~fltJi.J~Qnfltl2.J1tlUIJl'lt1n1tlUfl'lt1fl~'lt1~'l~ltl'!ltl~~flu:;~u1.Lfl:;u1:;i;iui;i'lt1~'l£f\~1u ... I

c;Jtln 'liJ L~2.J~UYl

""' 1J'rl'rl 4

n1n LA'1~,3,'1.1 LL1J1J"r11.:1A11i1~LL11~ LL '.:iiru r;na "Lili .. ~Mi.li'rlfi'W1'~1TIA'a'llZL'll'87L;ta"Lu11nL~'iqf'W1flf-U

.iCilll .::al " .,, J er , L'i'lt11fl1 'rtltl-3fl!J"l: LU'W'VIN LN LLfi:J.Jvitf-3" 1 LU'W'Vl'NU'Wvim J-l-31'1'lEl m: LtJtl-3 Lnfil'I L1111 . "' '

~ L;JEl'l ufi:31ut11ft11tl~tJ'W~1'Wu'l L~n1 LU'WViiltiJ.Jnu"luatJ uuu !Ji'ltl1fl1'rtltl'3 L'VlEl u.ti'3wuVi11t1'3

i'lt'l 1f'l1:i' Ll'!El~ill-!11~ L Vl~ElJ.J ,;)1uviu1 uti:il m :i'U.U-3 LU'W'il'l-3 Lft1 111t11. ur;i''lm fl 1 :i' Llluiu~~ L Vl~ElJ.J 4'Vjfft LLfi:ilfl'l1J.J~1f')cy~ql'lviffi LU'Wi'W~'llt'l-3 LL vl'W1J"ll1 (M}hrab) i!u atJ'VlN'lltl-3Vltf'3f'l1vl1 L~Unn'3 P!1fl1L'lJ~'l'W~1'WVlfi'-3'1lfl'3..,1~11'111'-3tl1~ n1f~ (Ali Qapu) ~1jjtl'3tl~~1ll1'1J (Isfahan)

tJ1:L'VlrltiV1h'W ~'3flj1'3Ll'IEll'i:i':L~1"ll1i Utltltl1ft~ 2 (Shah Abbas 11) ~~El:i'1"ll'l-3,,'li1vJ1'll'I (Safavid) t'l1fi1Vli-3tl'~t'l~1;Efi fti'W (Chihil Sutun) (111Yi~ 23) vi1tlt'11fi1 Lft1 40 ~'W •

I It I if t I I

~t'lu1,;)J.J1"l1n111w'tltl'3fll1fi1Vifl~Yiflu"l1nft1:\h,;)1uviu1v'i11.~Lft"t1u~141u'l'WLft1ViJ.J11~LviflE1J.J • ,;)1'WVl~1L~J.J;f''WLU'W 2 Lvl1'1tlLU'W 40~'W1

flD L"llcyw1r1uiln11v'i12-!11~ m~ElJ.J uti:il Lft1 u.ti-3'il'l-3t)l1uviu1 L'ilunu u.vi Lfl1~fln L"llcyv.1r1uiiuLU'WLft1~ LVl~EllJfi:i'1J.J'11 LLvi Lft1~fll1fi1Vltf-3llif'l Lft1tJ1:~tJ ,)l'lEl~ mhh (Muqarna)

I I I II

;'1'3LU'W~-3Vi"l.ntJ1:~u111nLLvi'3LLfi:ffi'3fm:nvii!nl'i'ltl1f'l11"luftr:nu111t1n1m~~fi1J.J .J' ..ld .J ., "' "I ., "' ::i- "' • I ., W'W'VlrtLVlfiEIJ.J"l~:i'ftll1El L'WlJ!NnU'V11'3L'll11ltl-3f'l1fi111llfi q111u (Chihil Sutun) u1:'1u

I It I I I I 9' t

"'n u!Ji-3 n :i':"l n~ vi1'31 'Tlcu:VlwuVi~ LV1flt1J.J4' ~fftVI LlluwuVl~1f') CJJ'lltl-3flfl L"llruw1 r1ur.t:1. .n • I ., ' "' .J' "" ~ '.:!~I .,. .,J.,. ., r •

n11u:i':fltJ"1nLL"1'3'1'ltJm':LUB'3Lf'lfitlU L'Vl'Wrtn1 L'llEl'l LLfi:fl:i'1J.J 'VllJfi'lftfi1ElYi'Wf!Yi'ln1!1'1"11'31 LLfi:

~1t1vr'ltl'nlntl11::u n

~'l'Wn11LLti'3-lu~11tl'3rl1fi1;nfi qr;fu (Chihil Sutun) "l:iliu~u.ti-3Lil'W 3 ~'lu Ll'ltiil 1" I I II I I

Lf!J.JiJi1uuuuti'3wuVI (111-wV\ 24) LLVln~1'3r.t1nmnLti'3wuV\11tl.:Jfl!iL"l1'cyw1r1uV\"l'"m1J.J~1f')cyriu .J' .Jd .J ., ~ .. .J' ..J ' . ' ... .J' ..J ... \' "I"' ' .J' ..J YiU'Vlrt L VlfiEll-l"l LJJffl'll-3 LUUWU'Vl"Jltl-3 LL 'VIU\j"ll1 (M1hrab) LLf'l LYi!NYiU'Vl Lf!El'l L~El L"ll LLU'l L~1 U.lNYiU'Vl

~'luiu~L\.t~tlV11.:JL~U:i'tlll1 Lfl~"l1nLLU'lLfl1 LWft1U"Jltl.:J'U~~1"'CJJLUULYi~1U~ilinM'CU~11tJ ~'lUVl1.:J L;)Uffill1 LYil'l1U"l!:fi1~ Lt1El.:Jfi'3J.11 UIJi~flD L"llCJJYi1 rluiJ.iilmm1 ~J.J

1Marguerite Shore (translated from Giovanni Curatola and Gianroberto Scarica).

The Art And Architecture of Persia. (New York: Abbeville Press. 2004), 187-188.

18

.-

19

n1'iL"l1~1i'!l~Ltiunllfl1~ ... ... I I

1tlc;i1'l'll'uLUU~'lr;i~1t1Vlut1~t;tun11(;JnLLlJl.:it'\01u(;Jt1n11~~t'\~1~ Lut:1.:i~1n .. roc;i1'lifLn'9lr.i1n~'lc;i~1t1Ln1filN(;J ~.:icint;tum1tl1:c;iu(;JnLLlJl-:i~mu(;Jt1n11~~~~12..1tu~~tl: .. .. Ltlt:1fL~m-liuL~t1'lnu t1ni'lt:1tl1-:iL-liu

~'lc;i~1t11tlc;i1'ltun11tl1:c;iu(;JnLLr;i-:iu'h'ln.itl1:(;JV11.:JL~1 (lwan) V11-:i~1uYifll .. ..

it1c;i1'l~ L Vi c;i1u L'l~'1"Dtl'3~~1u<tn:L~1'tr'ttl~ (Ujiatu)

(Sultaniyah) (1l1'Yi~ 26) LUuiJiu I ... I

'Lc;it1flljL~1'CJJ'Yi"lflltl°lln11Lr.i1:-rlt:1.:iitJ'9l1'lV\111nnu~1uuuV\l.!"D~1u'Vlll1u~:~hu'Vltr-:i

L~t:1'V'i1Lilu~1t1tl:t:~t1~nLLl1i-:JLL~:L"l1:L~'B~~fl'l1titlf;l-v\t1"D'B.:i~'lt'\t11U(;JtJn11ii nii~.:i'V'\11.'"

... LV1u~~1 L;ltl'l fi1112..1 u~:tl1~u t1ni'lt:1tl1.:iL-llu

... ... I

~- I .... I " ... ... 'i' 9~1 ° ... ... .... I n1;ru1:i;i1Ji;tmL(;J.:JCil'lt.m1:Lt1t:l.:JLf'l~t)tl ~'YlUirn1 fll:t')iJ U1L.:JU LL~:L"Dtl'l 'Yl1.11:~

II .,. Q .i;t _. •

'Vl1-!IL"D1 (lwan) 3.J~tlf;l'Vl~'l-!IL2..ltl.:Jt11'11Cil (The Congregational Mosque of Yazd)

tl:t:L'Vlfil~'Vli'lU (1l1'Yi~ 27)

n1:t(;JnLLr;i.:i~2T~!ic;i'Vl~'l-!!LL"1-:iUjt'J.:i~~vl1ll1u (The Congregational Mosque of

Isfahan) ~ll't1:t"l"ll'l.:J~vl1~r;i (Safavid) (1l1'Yi~ 28) LUuiJiu

m:ru:r:c;iu(;Jn ur;i.:in:r:Liftl-:i~flD Lr.ii1CJJ'Yi1 flluiunt;tV1u~;J1 fil:t1ii L;lti'l LL~:il1L~u L-llUL~tl'lnU

2Markus Hattstein and Peter Delius (Edited). Islam Art and Architecture.

(Colonge: Konemann, 2004), 392.

20

I .. ii. 9' 9' n1'iL"t1~'li'iHIL 'W'il \1LL.-:IL"ll1J.11

l!~u"' 't u~~tl: Ltlfl fL;ti 1.~ii m :i'L"l1:1ifl-:i L ~fl 't if LL~-:iu1-:i~'JuL ;12-112-11nn~1 n11l'i1 ' .,

'litNtl:i':"1-WW1 !Jl1-:i ~1vrfufl vi'J'fl1 fil1:i'11fl-:J n.ti L"l1n ''Yi1 fl!uuuii n1 :rYi1-Ji'f1-:itl1:"1-'VIU1 i;i1-:i ~ qd.J ·~ ~

' .., ... L ~ .I .I .- ..i ..i 0 ,J' .I ..i .I ., ..J..J .di .I i11nn'J1 l-1 ~ti '1 1.\1"1~ u: Lufl:i'L"lltl 2J n 1:i'U 1 m': L'U'fl-:1 ucfl1tJ"lU2J1 u:i':l'l'U'Vl11fl-:J L 'VIUfl u:i': i:l-

'VIU1 !Jl1-:i (J11'Yi~ 29) Lilu1tl LL1J1J11fl-:J n11(;1 mLi;i-:i~'t~fu~'VI fi'Yi~ ~~tl:'t 'Vltiil'fl-:i ~u~-:iut1i1il1 ...

m·:d'.i'tl-:it1tff1t1~u2-.11tl1:;u i.;in LLvi-:i i;i12.1 :r:Luti-:i i;h-:11 'Dfl-:Jfl1fil112.111.h:~n~1.0 LL~:n11\".0

n:r:~nCJ1~L;it1'JnLiJun1:rtl1:t1ntt1Ltl1~~tl:i;i:iui;in~um.1't,n1:"ln~'tum1tl:r:;ui.;inLLi;i-:1LL~: • n1~1rll'ILL~-:J2J1tl:i':!!n~;L1iUL;ltJ'JrlU ~'lU-:11UUJ'ilt\~'Jl'l~1tllfU~'Yiqmn (J11'Yi~ 20) n'Yi'ULU

~~tJ:LtlflfL•m "liuL;ltl'J nu

'a<J f;l'a1!1 n1'5'Pl mLi:;i.:i

m ru:r:;u i;i n LLi;i-:i~ flD L "l1C)J'Y'l1 flimJ~'Vlfi'Yiff ~~tl:Ltlflf L.t1'tl!i1-:ii i;i L "lui!u~'tl IC$..,,, ... ., IU d ..J

1. n17f;lnLLfl.:iLPIJ.l'n\lY!f;l'J!ljl'Jf;ljl1!1'n\l'!'n'ln~1 L"DU

2.

n1 j(;lfi LL!Ji-:J L~2-J'U~1J1L'J CULL YiU1J"ll1 (Miharab) 't ul!~u li'l'Vl~'J-:J LL ~-:i Uj'fl-:if1~vJ1l11U (Isfahan) ~2Tti'Y'l:i':L~1f,Jtei'tl~ (Ujiatu) n,;'i;i162.1'tl-:i'Ln~ (fl.fill.

1310) tlr:L't'IFlfl'"hu (111'r4~ 30)

. 4 J 9J' ., ... Q .c:i CV Q t II' ti"

:i''J2J Cl-:! n1:i'l.Jln LL(;l-:1 l'l'Jtl (;l'J'fln'tt:i''tl'l:i''Un'Vl"ll'tltlfl1 fil1 :i'2-J~tl"' LL 'Vl-:l'Yi:i': L"l1"ll1'VI

LLtltJ1J1~ (fil.fll.1612) (Mosque of Shah Abbas) ~Lijfl-:ltl~\'J'll!1U (Isfahan) tl1:L'Vlfll~vri1u (J11'Yi~ 31)

~'J011~1t1liu{YiqnM1~\;'tun1:rtl1:;u"1nLLtJi-:1~2Ttl"ll1\'J1~i;i (Safavid) . (J11'Y'IYJ 32)

I 9' fU'&I' -

n1fAnUINft7augua?ft'a1BA7Sn~fs1~un

Lli'lt1~<Ju2.11 n LL~'J"l :iln11i;in LLtJi-:i ~'Jtl LLCl'U~'J i;ia1t1 vi<Jti nM:i''f111:fl n 1. 'l~fltl 'Li;ii1 I II I I

L u'M"l1n ~at1:Ltlflh~t1i!uilm:r\'i1 tl'l2.1 (111'YiYi 34) LLIJiYi flD L"l1'lJ'Yi1 fllmi.iil

m1Yi1L'12.1~-:iiim1tl1:iuLLciuvi<Jtimt1'tl11:fln1.'l~"ll'tl'U"llfl-:lfl1 fil1:i' (111'Yi~ 33) ~ .

tinl1-:i6-:iilmru1:iu1.'J1.un:i'tlt1~'J011a1tltJi1-:i1 n1t11.ufllJ (n1'Yi;i 35)

21

I ... .c. 9' Q,I'

3. ft1'iMftLLBl~'1L'iJ.lfi'Ut1t1!1fl'1!191!JLL"itftU 9' I

tu~fltl:LtltifL;tii!uilm.Jninnn LUt1-:i••nnLLliilnuLilultyinttru11tH~u'UJui.i-:ii3i;i3

~-:iilm:i'tl'1LLliijriUl.J'1Lilut1'lc;it11t1ri-:i~utun1:i'tl:i':~Mjt1'lc;it11t1'tiu{"'qnM'li;it1futt1 uui;i'l~Cl'lU(;ltln:i':i'l.J (11'1"'~ 36) ~QDL~1t1J"''lfliuifun'l~fili;iL~tlnttlLLUUUl.J'1~'ltl . (11'1"'yj 37 ,38) i;i'i;iti!i'l-:JL-liU

fl"l (;lfl1!J1tl LL 41nULLfl:; tu \iJ~g1 fl'll.J lJln LL1'i-:it:1ri'\. un:i'tlU; L \ll~!JlJ"lltl~tl1:;1Jl'Yl'H L ;, .. .. .. ~1uii fl!'\.~ (lwan) ~lT~!i (;l\llfl'l-:J LL,.;~ Liltl-:iti~l'J1 u1u (The Congregational

Mosque of Isfahan) tl1:L'Vlfll~\llhu (111"'~ 39)

4. tl'1fltl1!1Pltl1!1fltmla7 4 nih.J

Lilut1i;ic;it11t1~ilt1l.Jl.J1n '\.um1(;JnLLi;i-:it1'li;it11t1tu~t1tl:LtltifL;t1 L-liu

"" dd I - tl ,,.,Q. I fl'lc;ifl'ltln:i'tltJj;ltln Ll.J 4 nflU'Vli;tnLLi;t-:JU:i'L'lCU :i'::~'Vl1-:JL111l.J~tlj;ILL'IN I

"':i':;L~1"ll'1i LLtlUU1~ (The Mosque of The Shah Abbas) (fl.fil.1612) ii

dj'El~~~l'J1u1u (Isfahan) tl:i'::LV1fil~\lli1u (111"'~ 40) L-liUL~t1"lnu~fllJ . L~f'lJ"41filU (111r1fi 41)

' I ... ti " 'i' ... fl') j;lfl'1t11lfl~n'1:i'f;in LL(;l-:J'VI :i':~'Yl'l-:J L11'1 (lwan) 1lfl-:J LNL:i'tJUflflUfll'l~U'l

(Madasa) Lilti-:iti~l'J1u1u (Isfahan) tl:i'::L'Vlfll~i.ti'lu (11'1"'~ 42)

5. n1'i'1n~~A''1!1tt'1,.a1afl'8n li7fi'i'iJ.18Jl1Mt1'il11 \,..j't1fi1..1nu l tJi.i1

n1:i'f;lmLi;i~~'lt1fl"lc;\fl'lt1i;itlnUJfi:i'nl"ll'1jj~tJi;iL"Jl~~iuriu'ltll.!1 tl1:;iufltj~

1ltlU'!lfl-!ILLYiU\!11'1 (Mihrab) ~lT~tii;i~'Vl~flfl::i (Lutfullah Mosque) ~lJtl

:i''1"ll"l-:Jflf'l11vhil c;, (Safavid) L~fl-:iti~~'1 ll'1U (Isfahan) tl1:;L 'VI fil~i.ti'lu ..I

(11'1Vi'Yl 43)

fl"lj;lfl'ltl"Jlfl-!ln1:i'IJlnLLi;i-:i~'!lflU~lJtl:i''1"ll'l-!lmiiiii;i (Timurid) Liltl-:i'll1lTuriueri .. (Sarmargand) tl:i'::L'Vlfil~'llLUn~mu (11'1"'~ 45)

.4 ..J ~ - .. Cil'Q 0 J 0 9" I Ao' ..J "ll~flrJ!JL~f'lJ"41filUnJJn1fU1fl"lllfl1tllJ.UUWJ1fl111tlUll"ltlL"llUnu (ll1rlfl 44)

3Heri Stierlin. Islamic Art And Architecture from Isfahan to The Taj Mahal. (London :

Thames & Hudson Ltd., 2002), 270.

22

-· .... ... ~9' 6' I 6. l-unnn.JY1Lnc;i~1nn1' ·•~n1,u1 (Muqama)

"' 1. i.in11fuuTwJnr;i~ 'L;t.:i"D'fl.:J n1'flutl1~C!IYl'l.:J L;h (Pishtaq) LLfl~fl'l "'fl'lti

' SI ..... .a:f I

fi'lfl'ltl'Vl'lL~'l (111't'n'l 47) L'll't.l

' "' ' ~'.lliil~'lt1Vi"llflli3'1J lliillJfi)j'~tiOil'1tl.:J"lt:i'::lJ L lt~fl::UlJ (Bibi Khanum}

~)j'tJ1'l'll'l.:i~vh,f1"' (Timurid) Uj~i,:ie111~i.ini.ierl (Samargand) tl:i'~L'Ylfil .._. -' ...{ ...I. ... -. .,.a,.. o J

~"llLUn~mi.i (111''/Wl 46) "ll.:JVlfl!JL"'l:i'q)"lt'lfil't.ln"n'l:i''t.l'lfl'l"'fl'ltJLLUUU

"'l~1"D'f!UiJl'.ltJ (111"/t~ 48, 4~) 7. n1,tf=A\Jfl';)!1'\'U\~i\U11~LLtl~tl';)c;itl1!1rl1ULL'l~fl'80\~ti,,~.1MLL8~

t " ... "" ...... ii."'"" I 9' .J c;i'8n \J'1UYIO'i'8\J\U\lltl!li.JLYf'8 \llL0'1A~1i.J'8'8U•'8!1 (ll'l"ltVI 50, 51, 52)

L"lii.!

n 'l :i'tl :i'~ ~U11 'l tJL i.i"li 'fl.:J n :i''flU ~ L 'VI~ ti"~ ir ~ !') i.;i 'VI fl '.l-3 LL 'IA.:i Liltl.:i tJ 'l i"' tl1~LVlfil~V1i1i.i (The Congregational Mosque of Yazd) (11'l"lt~ 53)

.... ., ilil ........ ~tit!'~ "il ........ 01,':>LA'1~\llLL,-3\JUfl1tl ~ un14lru'i1YtfifttlP1tl ~L '8'L".D!IL'211 Ufl!JL~4lC\!'W1flfU

L~'fl'3"'l'lnfllJL"'l1cy"lt1filULU't.lfil'l~'t.1~'1'l't.l"D'fl.:J'll'l'l~~~"iln1t1~'fl~,...~'fl'l'1'titlzju1'L'.ltu I I " SI SI

1"fi'lfl'fl.:JU1'3'Vlfl'l.:J~.:JU'l.:JntlnL'VlqjLnfl~~"lt'l't.IL"'l1cy-n1fllu;i.:ii;l.:itifJ"j"LLl-iU1L~'l"lt:i'~tl1 L~"i!i.i

fl!iL"'l1qJ"lt'lfilULU't.lt1'lfl'l:i''liifin""'1 111t11.i.i11Jijm1tl1~~U1J1nur;i.:i1."' uvl1.;t~1m1~11.:i'fl'lfi'l'l:i'

i.i.:i t 'Vlihiuvii.:i ~'ltl'l fl11Vli-:JU"'l'iUU311t1 LLUUVl'l'I Plfltl~~Uiiu~vifi"ltfl"'l'l n Plfltl~ t;\1'VliU

"' UNU1.!"'1fl t~ 11.1mff'utinfinfl~1niiltul::u.JttfL!t12-11 t~tl1~it1flnLL~.:ir:ilJL,1'CVn1fllui!1.1i.h,::2-11

ti ., ., ' "'tl,.f ••nmvt(;}eJfl 2 :i'~mm~n"'.:i1Jlt1 L u

tf =n141LL'i0

fllJLlil1'cy-n1fllu~11.:i'L"'t1'ili111"J1"U1J11't:i1n1!i~.:iLui.iiYf111"J12-1i.11J11f"'li.i~ 2 LL°".:i

nt.:ifi;ii.i'Ln~i.iY1fli.if.n~)jm1t:i.:i~lJL,;j"'l"ltt~ytY111t1t:i"'~1i'ti1 Lfln"vr111"J1 (nn1fl~ 1) 'L"'tiYi1i.i

"'l'ti'l:i"l'll"UIJlffi1mthfuiuL:ft:i~'ltllJ'ln"'l1nYi1i.i"'lli'l:i''l'lllJUIJ11L'llflt1~VIU"'fi;ii.iLfllnt~~'IL~'t.l'Vl'l'3 . . -lJ'l"'l'l n Ltltlf L~tl flll L "'l1'1J"lt'l fll~'ltltl~'l Lili.!f1{j~31 fl'l'l" ui1 LLri LLfl~ij fl'.l'l" L~tJ'l;JtNiu L dt:i.:inu

vi 1u L 11 Rfl::'lif iTt'I f'i;iu uif fM-] M'~ Jut un 1ftJ1n.i:: ~ iT flU"l'i uu if 41~ 1h ttl uu U"l 1 n~ fl tl:: L tlfl fL; fl 1.i.iu~!'l"'L;J1"1i..;it11~~1Jf;lnu,i;i.:i1.i.in11"ltt1'ltJ'llJU~{;l'lfl'.l'llJL~tl'.l;t1.:ini.i1~V1~1'1fl!iL"l1'1J"lt'lfilU LLfl ~'ll'l'.l Ltlt:if L;tl~ L ;J1"1ijUVIU'l'Vl 1 't.l:i"l'l1t;\1i!n t Viti titi1.:i L-ili.! ~'ltl i;i1~nfl"Dt:i.:JYi1i.1L'll flt)~Vl)j {;l

"'

23

tJr.:n1"1t1'il~

'°11 n L Vli;i t:Jfl 'l:i.nJ1:;m1LLmii'i.i~fJ fl!J L "'1°1qJ'n1 fllill'.j fl'J1l-J L~U'J4ifJ~ nrnf fJi'\1U"JlfJ~'Vh'IJ L".11 filtl:;VI~ c;ifl'JULfll1tt] ~~ LUU".111'liji'\~iii'ln1u;ltl:;'l.f ~ L~'IJ'Vl1..:Jl-J1'°11rntltlfL;lt1 LLfl:;'°l1 n

tJ'>'I ri@t11'U 1Uis:ln~'l'J1~u~'J~'l Lt1@f L ;!11'1®®"' 111.11~tJ1::n1111t 1'1111 ft1.11s ft~1>.iun1tJ;i@::1" ~ ~

Lilufll1ftu1iJ1:;41".111 ~fl'~ LLvii'\JTt111"l!'J~ ~<11vhil i;i (Safavid) i~i!uLllu1iJ1il\~1tum1\11ru:;

flD L ~qi-n1 fllm ui'\JTt11J"'l4luu~~ihiiJ LLtJtJ ;i flu:; Ltltlf L;ti L; 'lt11 l :n tc;iu ii L VI "l t:.ifl'°l1m..l1:;m1LL1n

' " Lilu;JtlftUtJi'\~'IJilnVIU..:J11'°14'U V11n~'°l11'1.!1'°11rnb~1~tJ:;L"Jfl1LLli'JU'IJlu"Ji'J..:JrifJ'IJVIU1fl'JfJ1fil11 ~ ~

"lltl~ fl!J'l!uLllutl1 ft111iJ'VlN LN nnii c;i1 ih.~i~ fl1'VIN1luVltJ1 LLfl :;\lJij m 1tl1:;iul'l n LLr;i~ t"'1

~tlbmtrnttru:;"Jtt).:JiiJLLtltJ;iflU:;LUt'lfL;tltl~ ~'J'IJn11\j1'1.!:;fl~L"t°1qJ'n1fllmUi'\JTu1l"t,,UUiin11

u1itlLLtJtJ;ifltl:;LtJt'lfL;lm~1l-J1l~ UiLLri m1L"t1:;"Jit'l.:iltlc;i1'J n11l~l'lmLvi..:iill'ltJn:t:;Lrl'tl..:iLfl~tltJ ~ '

L1'1ulirh flf1JJ ,;tn us::u1L~t.l fl'J~s1t1~1~1 iiHit1f:;;utJ1nur;i~111u1ui'ltl1fil1f L1iu

n11l'ln LLvi.:i ~"Jtlfl'J c;ifl1tJ-.iu~-nti ntt1 c;itln 1iJ vi1~1 LLfl:;n11tJ1:;iu l'ln LLIJi~ ~'lu LLriu i'Jf1m~t1 ' " '

tl'wdjn L VI (;]t:.ifl~ij n11u1itJLLUU;ifltl:;Ltlt1fL;u L ;J11411 UflD L'°11qiv.1 flluuuau L iltHl-J1'°11 n

.d .cl .. .tlll - Q I ~ I Cl' ii ~ ,J'4 4t

Ll-Jtl Cl-ttJ f"),j°"t,tJ'IJl-J m jL(;l'IJ'Vl1~ LL fl:;(;! c;i f;'lt)ff t)i'\11fJU1..:J1'J (;! L1'J LLt~:;i'\:;i;t"J n ~ fil'IJ L U!J f"l'IJ'°l..:J'IJUl-J

L~u'Vl1~ 1tl ~ ntt1V11tlvitl~ L ~u'l t ui'\ 01u~~ t\1Pi'cy1Ji1~1 ".li"l'J 1 'VluiJ i'\ ~l-Jun1t1;lt:J::'l.f ~ ni'lul-J

L~'IJ'V11..:J hh.J1:;L 'Vl fllflV1f1u~ut:J~1 Lilu~u6 nfl1..:J"J1fl..:iumu;ltl:;V11 u,J'°liuu ~fl Lilum :tLLi'\'J~V11 n 11n iu1tl~ fllu6 n fl1..:J LLfl:;i'.J n11rit'li'\11..:i fll1 i'\ui'\ ri1u t ~ij n.l LLUtJ~ f"lli 'ltJ flfl~Vl1fl L Vlijt:Jun u .. .. ..

~ ' n1 Utlll ;~ L~ JJ n LU\.lfil'J 1>.JUU JJ 1un1rniu1t1V11 P1u6nfl1~ L "fl Uft j;l-J fil'l1 l-J Lfil'l fW Uft:; Pl f'Vln'l .. ..

~ ' L"liuriu oii'~i!un~1"J 1~~1u.Nuuc;i1fl L"'IVit\1fii' qi t un11u1 Aflil:;LtJfJfL;lti L ;J1tJ1:;iul'ln LLr;i~ tu

fln L '°1°1q)Yf 1 fllU,!'IJ~t) "n11U.i'\'J~Vl1 n11fii'LI LU~fl'IJtJ nf11~ir'IJL tl.:J"

"' I "'

'Vli.:i"11ni'.jmn~t.1nt.:ifll1f.l~fit11flf.:iVi 2 \uil 'Vt.fl!. 2310 Yt'lmL'!ln"ll1'lLtlflfLtnt1i!u

- " ' " ' " nL~flVUJ'VU.J1 i;i.:i iiu31utltjU1L 'l run f\lfiUtJ1 Li;ttl n1111i\I i1us1ufl,.{'h.iu1 "Jl2.l"llULL '"" LL1n"llfl\I

-n'l nLL "lln LtlflfL•iti'Vl1flLL "Dn L~1 L•u-if utltj~"Jl2.l"lluu1\lnfln \ 'Vlaj \ u-tl'l\I LL1nii'l1~i'.jn11~11" Fln I •

LUU'!ltH (;JU LtH Lilun11C11'l 1 vitl Lijfl'Vt 1:;u1V1 ~2.J L~ ... 'Vt 1:;ytV1 fit.I fl i;i~ 1i~1 L~ n2.J'VI 111"11

(f"llm~~ 1) t~~C11tlu1nt'lf(;lutniuV1f{uLilu11"l!fi1nLL~'l -n1:;fl'lfil'l~LLi;i'lvT'lvhunfluLLn'l Lilui~111"l12.JU(;l1fluLL1n LL'"" f (;IU tn ~'WVI f ~" Lilu~~ 1"l11'l LL "11 n Ltlflf L;lt1 ... 1 n nt" fll1t1!Jfit11

L ~tl~11\I Lilufll1~u~ Cl1'W'!lfl\l'n'l n LL "11 n L'-i1 L•u uu LU'WfllJ LL'"" LL1n"llfl\l'n'l n LL "11 n L~1 L-iu'Vl1tl

LL11nLUflfL;tl 'Vli\1 ... 1 n~'n1:tJ1,~111'll2.J'W(;I~ 1 LL '""f(;l'W tn~'WVlf ( fltl'WLLfl'l) il.:i LLritlU~n1ni~.:i I I ..

-n 1:!n i~ 111"112.Jt.1(;1ffi1n1 'Vlm;.:i Lilu utl.:i'll 1tJ1.Jl n 11fu LLi;i" i.:i tu Lilui ~ 111'll2.Jui;i1flui;if.l 'I. tl~tl

'Vt1:t11.,~111"J12.Jui;i1~ 2 (f.l1n1'Vltl) LL1A'lnf\lfi;iutn~uV1f vhun'l.~~j1"fllJ~n'Vli'lii'unAf.l ... I I ... I .1...1 .J !'I ... ""' .r ., ...1... S-"fl!J ~ 1\1" IP!tl2.J 1fl!l~1.:i Lu fl tl'W"lltl2.J1 Lu'W "fl!J L~ :i'ty'Vt 1 fll'W" 'VI fl.:J ... 1nVI2.J n11~ 11\1~:'Vt1 'W

L'111cy-n1fl!ULu~>JtJ'Vt1:u1V1~2.JL~ ... -n1:;2.J\lfl!)Ln~1L~1?Jtji.f'l finn1~~ 6 if'11itl'uf1lJL~1cyYt1fllu "' I

i'lfltj~-nflm=i.:i~:;'Vt1UL'111C)J'n1f'IU 1'l'W'W~~1.fl1'Vt LL"ll'l-!!L ... 1C)JYi1fllU L11(;1'lJ1.:JOflOL'Vlaj nt-!!LVl'Vt"1 9' t "' I

L~t1"l:i.:i'tltj L=i.:i~:;'Vt1'WL ... 1CJJ'Vt1 f'iu tlt'l Lilufll1 ~ u1~ mt.1'!l'tl.:il-J ~~2.Jun 1t1;lf!:;i.f~ IJi.:i tiu 31'W2.J 1 "' .. '

IJi.:iLLvi ~>Jmifont.:if'iffi~fitJ1flf.:iYi 2

"' 1 u'li'J.:i rif.lU\llU1 i'lf.l1 fl1 :i''!lf.l.:J fllJU'WLU'Wf.l1 fl11 LiJVl N LN fi:i':i'l.J ~1 L£'ltJii'Vli.:J fl1 ..

VI Nift.1'Vlt11 LL~:1.~iin11tl1:~u i;i mL!Ji.:i L£'l1 ~'tl '1.iii'.ii m~tru:'tlt1.:iztl LLU'IJ iilfltl:Ltlf.lfL;tif.ltj

~ 'l'Wn ') :i'\j 1ru:f)~ L ... 1ty'Vt 1 fllU'Vli.:iif ... .,uuii n11u11tl LLU'IJ iilfltl :;Ltl?JfLiilt1L;;12.J ') 1 ;! tiJl LLri

..J • I t" I " .J' .. 'i' ~!:.I ... J' ... n11L ... 1:'llfl.:llu{;l1'l n11 "Jl(;lnLLf;l.:J~'ltm:i':LUfl\ILfl~f.l1JLVl'W~TI1 fl1'12.J L'!ltl'l LL~:'W'1L.:J'W

~'lt'l~1tlvi1'11 ~\IJ!t11~~1Ji;JnLLlJi\l.fl1tlL u1Ji'lt'l1fl11 L-tiU n11i;JnLLlJi\I ~'ltl~'l i;i~1t1~U(Yi'}ntt1

~fl n LiJ !Ji1.:i1 LL~:n 111.J:i':~'IJ (;In LL!Ji.:J iJl'ltl LLCIU IJi'Jtl ntt:i'fl1 :r:fln L\ll (;J t:Jfl~i'.j n1:i'U'1ltl LL1JUVl'1\I

"' I

iilfltl:Ltlt>f L;iti L 4111 .\it 'Wfllj L'111CJJ'Vt'1 flluuut;u L Uf.l-!!2.J1 ... 1 n fl'l12.JUtl2.J tun11niultlV11~uu nfl'1\I

24

25

'Hl\I fll1~U1~~~1uiln1 t);ifl:;i L ~fl LL~ 61\1 f'l'l1l.JLf'l11'n LL~:: flli'Vln1~\lfltj~ 1.l 1:: L YI"~~ t1u II SI I I

L61tl LLi;i L~lJUULUUf.11 cu1{ n1LUflf L;tl t1 n'i-:i fl~ L4ihy-n1 flluil f'l'l1l.J Lntl'l;fl\1~1J L Uf.l\I tl1J

vi1uL'll f'lfl~~l! 61f 1J1uLfll1"M1~-:i Lilu'll1-'l LUflfL;i u i-:iti'ut un11u 1cu~~l!ml4l4luurl'~-:iu1 .t.i .. •

nl1.1.uu'i1n~iitl::LtlflfL•E1twT~EilflL!12.11t.ntlr::iui;inu11i-:r ..

\llil'-lli'il

- \llil'-lli'illl1'lt1 '1. 'Viti

n~l.11 flt1rii;i. Atatl::Ltl'il,L;'it1. nt-3L'Vl'Vt"1 : ~u!T1'1i1Ufi11l.l~f.11ULtmt1'fl11'11i'VJ'91~1fi11Wfl

t1~fl1l.ILL~-3t1Vli1U, 2547.

r.f nmufi n-3'l1°ti LLfl~flUtu. niun-i'U'il1'l!lfi'l'l:IJLtl'il,L;'ltt'\'ULil'iHJjl!J1a.I . • n!-3L'Vl'Yi"1 : 2-l~"JIU, 2550 .

... ~fll'Yi-31( '"l°ti1fi;ii!. 'tluu1-11nYJ.1ti1'D'l1 : n1'lAntt11.J'1\J1'1LLta::\llu1;h.ut13l'!l'il!Jfit11a-11 q q • •

•~ttf,,utniu-n7 'Vt.fl. 2153-2435. nt~L'Vl'Vt"1 : L'NVtii~

i'ti1~-3 mrut1V11~V1t11tf t1. 2546. ' ~ I

~L1n flfltu~1'~~- \{1L111nvP1"ia'!i't1J.11u : The Ship of Sulaiman. V.t1~flf~;i 2. 0 .,Q, .. Q

nt~L'Vl'Yi"1 : ~1un'YitJ'Yil.llil"llU, 2545. :' .., 4. .., ......

u. ru 1.hnu1. R11tl::LLta::'J6U'Ufi'l'iJ.1,..1ni;iuu.1tu"il1\llruLJ.1'ilLL'im'tl1••!11J.1tl~L<nfl . .. nt~L'Vl'Yi"1 : UjtNLu11ru, 2534.

fl" I II I

1fa~FJ1Kn~ 1ifl1ttULV'l'll~ LLfl~fluf1ui. ~•iJ.1'Lutl~L<nflL'1!1. \;t1,f flf~Yi 2.

nt~L'Vl'Yi"1 : Lfl1,m11V1'fl~~"mfl1'3t1~fl13.J ~1U"'flflf!fl1Jhuf1tft13.J1u, 2539.

26

'J'lJ~ Q;l1'1 (LLtlfl~1n 'Ll.l'lfL.;u 1.J1fl1~u). il'1'ill1'WL'1!1-i\llhu A'J1iiiii.Wu6'8u;l'1

'\n{i,.n11 400 tJ. (nt-3L'Vl'W"1 : ~f.11ULflnt1flm"ll'VJlilL'Vltt ru nt-3Lli!Vl~riu. 2548 . .,... .,, ., ...

11'111JC\Jertliltl~f.11\.I. 'W"''U1'Un'iaJ~\J\J'l1"1f\JWtftM!Jjl{l1'U . • nNL'Vl'W"1 : u1uilufli~1J~Lfl-iu. 2546. • •

- \llil'-11i'il111v1'8-11n qtt

A survey of Persian art : from prehistoric times to the present I

Arthur Upham Pope, editor, Phyllis Ackerman, assistant editor

Publisher London: Oxford University Press, 1967.

Herl Stierlin. Islamic Art And Architecture from Isfahan to The Taj Mahal.

London : Thames & Hudson Ltd., 2002.

Marguerite Shore (translated from Giovanni Curatola and Gianroberto Scarica).

The Art And Architecture of Persia. New York: Abbeville Press, 2004.

Markus Hattstein and Peter Delius (Edited). Islam : Art and Architecture.

Colonge: Konemann, 2004.

... ... <I 'l'V1!11UTtU6

Lr.:iu~~"1 Lucyr.:i'n-!lff. t1'utt11!1'l1r.:~'ULL'U'Utho1111tu"•t1t\'V1!1. ':l'Vlt11u'nufilli-CJJCJJ1

~fttJf111~i;tnJ~1uru.;ji;i ~1111':l'l11tJ1:;~f11~i;if~fttJ:; uru.;j111':)'Vlt11it1

ii~1'.)'Vlt11it1~fttJ1m, 2549},

27

fi1tl'u'Vl -il1N-n;i;i. ML~1L.Uu ('E11'!f'i'!I) : '8r;iin'l!tNLL'.6'tn1'1.i1'1.:t'll1i1,;'uq"llt1.:t~•i11

iln1!1=.at1tmul.:sA11l'Vl!1. ('l'Vlt11u'nufilli-CJJCJJ1~fttJf11~1111ii~1uru.;jlJ! ~1,n'.)'111

tl1'lflffi':l'Vltl1 ucu.;ji;i':J'V1t11it1 t1~1':3V1t11it1~fttJ1m, 2551.

-

28

.d ., ""' .- ti .- 9 ., .- .d ., b ~I ., "" l11'W'Vl 1 n'H!Pl-am 'fl'ab·omb~~'W'il~b'"l1'Vl~~'6'1'Vl 14 'U'U'U1'U~'W'il~ !Pl'ilu!Jn '6'1:1.mni<if'f'il'fl~fim

vim : ~bm n"1m~1'~~. ~1bmn-H'IP1~~'6'1-K~m'U : The Ship of Sulaiman. ~i-l'Yfrif-.1~ 2 q •

(nNbYli'/'1 : ~11.!n~i-l'Yfi-l~"ll'W, 2545) q

29

m'Ylvl 2 'Vlvn<abu-eifb~~nu'Vlvn<ae.Jt.:ibf'l~n1i.:i~1u~1 uu~'Vl-ei.:i'Yl<a~1~<atl!Jn ~~~ni.:ifll~-ei~nm

vl:in : ~lrn ~flM~rJ~~. ~1bmnH'~~~'61imntJ : The Ship of Sulaiman. ~J..JYTrif-:i~ 2

(n'NlY1'v'l'1 : ~1'Wn~J..J9ifJ..J~'lli.r, 2545) '

30

" ' ,$ CV.iClrt.d' CV .:::.. (f'Q.o'c:il

"ei1bll1n'l!ll91'a~'Gl'tl~:l-J1'W : The Ship of Sulaiman. ~:WVH'1N'Vl 2 • (m''IL'Vl~'1 : ~1tl'n~:wvf:wiJi'Jl'U, 2545)

q

I d dG..1 I .QI

b'Gl1 b'a'fl.:!'V'l"a~:1rv11'liun 'Vl'Hn'li'fl.:i'U'U'Vl'a

~~1 : ~bm fl0lm~1~~. ~1bmn-Hl?l~~'61itimu : The Ship of Sulaiman. Yl:wvfrif-:i~ 2

(n~-.lb'\11~'1 : ~1°i!nYl:wvf:w~'ll'W, 2545)

31

32

m'rlvi 5 1~-:it1'ellnbb'Vl'Gl:1.Ji.u~'Gltl~'elt1fim w Yl'i~'i1"ll1'-:iu1-ait1cl'i1"l!ilb'J~u ~-:iV11'1n'GIY1'1.Jj • • vi:1.J1 : Yn:::m'l'1t.Jru'l'1'llfa1V'ltl° ['El'El'W1~tl"J. bii1n-:ib~'El1''W~ 6 l-Jm1fll-J 2555

fl'Wi.n•nn http://th.wikipedia.org/Y1'l':::'W1'l'1t.Jru'l'1'll\jbriV'!tl°

33

111'W.yj 6 i:J.J'll~~.YhJ • .v1m : 1r?!Yi'.i'::::muii'W ['1l'1l'Wkn1J. b-il'1i:i-:ib~'1l1'W~ 6 iim1riii 2555

fl'Wm91n http://legolas072.multiply.com/journal

m~v1 7 n1'ib~1~'li'fl.:ib~-!l'll'fl-!IU'i~l9l'VIU1!9i1.:ibb~~'li'fl.:iri1bb~.:i .yj~'i~'i1'111°'.:i'fl1~ m~ (Ali Qapu) .. .. bil'fl.:i~iqvJ1ID"1'W (Isfahan)

.v1m : Ali Qapu ['fl'fl'WbflU]. b'ihei,:nrit1-r'W~ 6 iim1riii 2555

vli''WVl1"'l1n http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ali_ Qapu

-34

35

36

.cl "·I ,3 ., ., "" Jl1'Vl'VI 9 'fl"~lJ'j:t:n'fl'l.lei1~qj'll'fl..,:IJ'&'aJl?l

vim B.J~.~~ . b'll1oJJ~..:i~ClJ'll~

37

38

m'Vi.vl 11 bb~u~-11'itJ~b'Vl~!l3.Jr.i~riuYiq!if;l b~'a-11i°inhu1u (Isfahan) iJ"l::b'Vlfll~'Vlilu .. . .vl:in : Marguerite Shore (translated from Giovanni Curatola and Gianroberto Scarica),

The Art And Architecture of Persia, (New York: Abbeville Press), 2004, page 138.

-39

.:::ii I • q .Q, rf'

111'V'l'VI 12 bb'Vl'U\j'li1 (M1hrab) fli)b'"l1'1J't'l11"1'U

.:::ii rl' rl' ,q .Q, rl'

111't'l'VI 13 fi113J11"1'Ub'Vll"l'U (Mimbar) fli]b'"l'at)J't'111"1'U

40

41

-42

-43

44

-45

-46

!11'Y-I~ 23 1"11~1~~~ ~~'U (Chihil Sutun) ~bil'fl.:i~~vhr11u Ui:::b'Vll"l~'Vl'h'U • b'U~'J'U~1'U'l!li.:i"ll'fl.:J'Y-li~i1"111'.:i'fl1~ m~'Y-1 (Ali Qapu) ~i'1.:i'i:in!l'Y-li~b~1"111~ bb~'IJ'U1~~ 2 (Shah ..

Abbas II)

v1m : Marguerite Shore (translated from Giovanni Curatola and Gianroberto Scarica) .

The Art And Architecture of Persia , (New York : Abbeville Press), 2004, 183.

.'"' ! : ;

1J

l liJ I••="•= ·· ~~· 1• • • B • II

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • ,...,,:. ~:....,, t I .... I I .. I l;

: • • • • i'J • . . ~ I

.............. t B .

~ I 1 ... 1 1 .1 .. 1 ... ~

d ' .cl' d ~"" .., 111Yl'Vl 24 n1'abb'iNYlU'Vl'll'fl..:Jf'f1~1°JJU~ ~IPIU (Chihil Sutun)

~:in : Heri Stierl in . Islamic Art And Architecture from Isfahan to The Taj Mahal.

(London : Thames & Hudson Ltd ., 2002) , 146.

-47

-48

m'W-¥1 25 ~'Jl91~1!liU 1P111"1. 'Un1iUi~ !Plu l91nbb1Pi.:iu'ib'Jruui~l91'V11.:l b-ll1 (lwan) m.:i fP11u.fi Pll91~1'U'el'em ~ ~

"ll'el.:l 3Y'Gl!l!Pl'l!l~'J.:l bb 'IA.:ib~'el.:l~'Gl'Vh~I1'U (Isfahan)

vlm : Marguerite Shore (translated from Giovanni Curatola and Gianroberto Scarica).

The Art And Architecture of Persia , (New York: Abbeville Press) , 2004, 144.

-49

d d g,. CU' CU' .Q. d' ~ 111'\fi'Vl 26 'Cl'J1wti1~CP11'J 'Vlb'ViWl1'U 'll'fl·:nl'6'11'U'Vi'a~b'"l1'fl'"l~rn (Ujiatu) n"Mrn-a~'li1'J:i.J'fl~bn'Cl . . ~

d Q -C:il •

'Vl b:l.J'fl~'61'Clln1'U~~ (Sultaniyah) cl 'Vim : Her! Stierlin , Islamic Art And Architecture from Isfahan to The Taj Mahal, (London : Thames &

Hudson Ltd.) 2002, page 50.

-50

.d .. 1 i.J QJ' .Q. q o' .. I .Q. I

'Vlu<a::;~'V11.:JL'll13J'Ml!Pl'Vl'il'J.:J L3J'eM~1'li!Pl (Yazd) u-a::;L'Vlfl!'fl'Vl'a1'W

vlm : Marguerite Shore (translated from Giovanni Curatola and Gianroberto Scarica) .

The Art And Architecture of Persia, (New York: Abbeville Press), 2004, 169.

51

m'V'lvl 28 miui::::r?i''l..l1?1nbb~.:ii?i'-;i~n-a::::bif'fl.:ibl'l~'fl'l..lb'VIUi1Yl1 l'li13.J tl1b~u bb'Gl::::b:Jim

fli?i'1uvitl'1tl~1?1'Vl1.:ib.n1 (lwan) i?i'1uVi~°li?i' ~i'l~l?lVl'Gl'J.:ibi'.i'fl.:i~i'lvh~11u (Isfahan) U~b'Vl~~wi1u .. .fl:1.J1 : Marguerite Shore (translated from Giovanni Curatola and Gianroberto Scarica).

The Art And Architecture of Persia, (New York : Abbeville Press} , 2004, 136.

52

m"W-vi 30 n1'ilPlnbblPl..'.1b~:IJvfu~ 'U~b'dn!i4et1~u (Mihrab) 1u:iY'6'1~1Pl'WCl'd..'.lbb'Vi..:ib3'.l'fl..:i~'6'1W1H1'U (Isfahan)

'Cl :i1'!1Vl'i~b~1'fl~!l IPl (Ujiatu) nH'1P1~!i':1J'fl..:i tn~ (~uir. 131 o) U'i~b 'VI f'!~V1i1u q "'

~m : Marguerite Shore (translated from Giovanni Curatola and Gianroberto Scarica).

The Art And Architecture of Persia , (New York: Abbeville Press), 2004, 140.

-53

cl .I.., .closd'cl"' ..,,,- 'I"'' 111Yl'VI 31 n1'iu'i~IPl'IJ!Plnbbl9l~'Vlbl9la.J'rl'U'VllPl'J!l~'JIPl~1!1Yl'U~Yl~nH1bb~~~1!11P1'eln ba.Jl9l1~ ")

q l ~Q..ICV .c::..d I g.;" d'c:D 'i'Ja.Jbl~n1'il9lnbbl9l~IPl'J!ll91'J'flnH'i'el1'i'l.Jn'Vl"ll'el1J'el1~11'i a.Ji'l!l!Plbb'Vl~'V'l'i~b~1°li1'VI bb'fl'IJ'IJ1'6'1 (Shah Abbas)

(~U'f.1612) ~bil'fl~~'6'1~1e11'U (Isfahan) U'i~b'Vlf'l~'Vli1'U cl 'Vim : Marguerite Shore (translated from Giovanni Curatola and Gianroberto Scarica).

The Art And Architecture of Persia , (New York : Abbeville Press) , 2004, 186.

-54

col 'Vlm : Heri Stierlin. Islamic Art And Architecture from Isfahan to The Taj Mahal.

(London: Thames & Hudson Ltd. , 2002) , 271.

55

\

.,j

'Vl:i..11 : Heri Stierlin . Islamic Art And Architecture from Isfahan to The Taj Mahal.

(London : Thames & Hudson Ltd , 2002), 271 .

-56

-57

d 'Vl3J1 : Heri Stierlin. Islamic Art And Architecture from Isfahan to The Taj Mahal.

(London : Thames & Hudson Ltd., 2002), 270.

-58

-59

m'Vl.vi 39 ~·w1~1t1-atl bb"'I n'W bb~~i. 'IJ 1aY~ '6'1~1 :IJ (;Jn bbl?i~'flti'i. 'U n-a'fl'IJ~ b 'Ill~~ :IJ"ll'fl~tl-a~ (;l'Vrn b'll1 l?i'1'Uii Ai.l?i' ~ ~ ~

.vi :ir'6'1~ (;l'lil~'J~ bb 'IA~b3J'fl~~'6'1vl1~1'U tli~b 'V1 ~~'llli1'W d 'Vl:i.11 : Heri Stierlin. Islamic Art And Architecture from Isfahan to The Taj Mahal.

(London : Thames & Hudson Ltd., 2002), 79 .

-60

..i 'I "' "" ..i • ... ti "' 111wv1 40 'Cl11Pl'Cl1!ln'ii''el'IJIPl'ein b:IJ 4 n'Cl'IJ'Vlf?lnbbf?l..:!'1.J'ii'b'Jtu 'ii'~f?l'Vl1..:!b"ll1 ... ir'6'l!i1Plbb'IA..:i'Vl'ii'~b~1"ll1~ bb~'IJ'IJ1'6'1 (Shah Abbas) (~.Pr.1612) f1bij-ei..:i~'6'lvh~nu (Isfahan)

tl'ii'~b 'VI Pr~V1i1u

~:1.11 : Marguerite Shore (translated from Giovanni Curatola and Gianroberto Scarica).

The Art And Architecture of Persia. (New York: Abbevil le Press, 2004) , 184.

61

d • dtl ., 'i' "" Jn'W'VI 42 'Cl'Jl?l'Cl1~n1'al?lnbbl?l'l'VI 'i~'!]'Vl1Wll1 (lwan) 'll'fl'lb'i'lb'i~'W'6'l'fl'Wl"l1'6'l'W1 (Madasa)

bi'.i'fl<1~'6'lvl1m'W (Isfahan) tl-a~b'Vll"l~'Vli1'W d 'Vl3J1 : Heri Stierlin . Islamic Art And Architecture from Isfahan to The Taj Mahal.

(London : Thames & Hudson Ltd ., 2002), 235.

mvfvi 43 m'<i!Plrnb!?i.:i!Pi'·n1~1!Pl~1!l!Pl'fln13YB'<irn'li1~'6'1'fl!Plb"ll1''6'1~'1.Jnt11tl:i.n

th~~'IJ'fl!i~'ll'fl'IJ'll'fl.:Jbb'Viti'IJ'li1 (Mihrab) .v131''6'1~!Pl~'Vllfa~~~ (Lutfullah) qJ qJ qJ qJ

'6'131'!li1'li1.:J~'l!1vl1'1!Pl (Safavid) bi'.i'fl.:i~'6'1v.J1mu (Isfahan) tli~b'Vl~~~i1u

-Yim : Heri Stierlin . Islamic Art And Architecture from Isfahan to The Taj Mahal.

(London : Thames & Hudson Ltd ., 2002), page 142.

62

63

_.d Id Q,..f d°.111:111 .Cil .i::lil Q..I G..' d'

ll1'Vl'VI 45 ~11?'1~1~n1i!Ylnbb1Pl.:J'Vl"ll'fl'IJ '6'l3J~i1'l!1.:Jl'l'Vl~i!YI (Timurid) b3J'fl.:J'll13J'Un'U'fl (Samargand)

tli~b'Vll'l'fl'l!b'!Jni'lmt.1 • ~m : Heri Stierl in. Islamic Art And Architecture from Isfahan to The Taj Mahal.

(London : Thames & Hudson Ltd , 2002), page 233.

64

.cl cl ~~ .c1~.cir. 9 IV

ll1'V'l'Vl 46 '&l1"1'6l1!l'Vl'll'fl'l.J'a'h"13J 'Vl3J'6'1!lt>l'll'fl-!l'V'l'a~3Jb'Vl'6'1~~'U3J (Bibi Khanum)

'6'1iJ!l-a1'l!1-!!~~3Ji"1 (Timurid) bi'.l'f!-!!'ll1irunu~ (Samargand) i.J-a~b'Vlf'l'fl'llb'Un'&'lmu "' '

...i 'Vl3J1 : Heri Stierlin. Islamic Art And Architecture from Isfahan to The Taj Mahal.

(London: Thames & Hudson Ltd., 2002), 68.

65

m'V'l~ 47 -a'l.Jn-a'el'U~bn!Plr.i1nm-a°l'li'3-Jmitl1 (Muqarna) °l'Wm-a.rmhwwm.:i'tioi'.:i'IJ'el·m-a'el'U'l.J-a~!PI ~ ~ ~

v v ~

'Vl1.:Jb'IJ1 (Pishtaq) bb'Gl~'Gl'J!Pl'Gl1tll"l'il1tl'lil'Jb'Gl1

d 'Vim : Heri Stierlin , Islamic Art And Architecture from Isfahan to The Taj Mahal , (London : Thames &

Hudson Ltd .) 2002, page 47.

66

67

68

O)i.li.J c;'~d d d Q. Ii.I

b 'VI 1"1~1t1 in'f:ln bu inu'Vl 3.J:l.J b Yl'f:l~in 1"111m'Vl~ti3.J:l.J mb~::::bn in 1'1113.J'f:l'f:l'l..l"li'f:lti • • ~:IY'6'l~inV1~1.:1bb~.:1bi1'f:l·:itn.a'in (Yazd) th::::b'Vll"l~V1~1u ..

'V13.J1 • Marguerite Shore (translated from Giovanni Curatola and Gianroberto Scarica).

The Art And Architecture of Persia. (New York: Abbeville Press, 2004), 170.