rag322 sains persekitaran 2 pengurusan tenaga pbp usm expg@tm.net.my mzin@usm.my kuliah strategi...

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

Kuliah

Strategi KECEKAPAN TENAGA -pengurusan tenaga Dr.Mohd Zin Kandar

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

Strategi Tenaga•Pengenalan.Objektif Penggunaan:Penggunaan tenaga yang cekap, produktif serta tiada pembaziran.

– Kecekapan tenaga– EMS & EA bangunan sedia ada.

•EMS.– Takrif– Konsep dan aplikasi

•EA– Takrif– Konsep dan aplikasi.

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

Kecekapan Tenaga (KT)

• Penggunaan tenaga yang cekap yang biasanya dinamakan Kecekapan Tenaga (KT) bermakna menggunakan tenaga dengan bijak dan secara produktif bagi menyempurnakan tugas yang sama.

• Strategi tenaga ke-5 ialah dengan mempromosikan kecekapan penggunaan tenaga terutama dalam sektor perniagaan/perdagangan dan perindustrian.

• Malaysia boleh mencapai penjimatan satu pertiga daripada penggunaan tenaga tahunannya melalui usaha yang telah dilaksanakan dengan jayanya, seperti Projek Peningkatan Kecekapan Tenaga Industri Malaysia (MIEEIP).

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

Energy Management Programme

in existing building

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

What is Energy Management?

“Energy Management is part of the company’s management activities that control the energy use situation in the company, to ensure efficient exploitation of the energy to provide cost-saving without impairing normal building functions or occupant comfort and productivity”.

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

Why Energy Management?• Expansion of focus in work with

energy efficiency

• Better conditions for a stable and cost effective operation

• Reduced costs

• Reduced environmental impact

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

Energy Managemant objectives• A mean to achieve lowest possible

energy consumption and operation costs

• A mean to maintain obtained energy savings

• A mean to identify new possibilities for energy efficiency

• to ensure efficient exploitation of the energy to provide cost-saving without impairing normal building functions or occupant comfort and productivity

• Concern for environment

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

Energy Management Concept

ThinkPolicy

ActEnergy ControlEE procurement

DecideAction Plan

SeeMapping

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

Initial energy mapping

• The initial mapping is basis for the energy management system

• Focus on substantial energy consumption's

SeeMapping

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

Initial energy mapping

• Mapping of energy consumption can be divided into following main categories:– Supply– Process– Utilities– Air Conditioning

SeeMapping

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

Initial energy mappingSeeMapping

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

What is an energy policy?

• A declaration about intentions and principles concerning energy efficiency

• Framework for aims, targets and actions

ThinkPolicy

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

Energy policy

• Includes commitments for continuous improvements

• Should be relevant for the activities at the enterprise and their influence at the energy consumption

• Indicate extent, ambitions etc. of the Energy Management system

• Should be disseminated internally and available for publicity

ThinkPolicy

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

Content ofenergy action plan

• Responsibilities and authorities for each working area concerning energy efficiency

• Resources (personnel, economy)• How to carry out the energy efficiency work

(project descriptions, tasks etc.)• Time schedules• Aims for the energy saving actions including

documentation

DecideAction Plan

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

What is energy control?

Energy control is systematic continuous control and surveillance of energy consuming equipment to ensure energy efficient operation

ActEnergy ControlEE procurement

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

Energy control is:

• A mean to achieve lowest possible energy consumption and operation costs

• A mean to maintain obtained energy savings

• A mean to identify new possibilities for energy efficiency

• Concern for environment

ActEnergy ControlEE procurement

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

ENERGY AUDIT

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

What is an Energy Audit?

The detailed Energy Audit involves in-depth investigations into identifications of :

1. How the energy in an organisation is currently consumed.

2. Various Energy Saving Measures (ESMs).

3. Costs and Simple Payback Periods for all recommended ESMs.

INDUSTRY&COMMERCIAL

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

Energy Audit Process

• Set-up meeting

• Data Collection

• End-use load apportioning

• Identification of Energy Saving Measures

• Reporting & Presentation

INDUSTRY&COMMERCIAL

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

Set-up meeting

• Understanding the organisation

• Get cooperation and support from the people in the organisation.

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

Data Collection

• Desktop data collection– Get available sourse from:-

• Architectural drawing.• Single line power supply drawing.• Lighting drawing.• A/C system drawing & design manuals.• Load control system inc. timer, BAS etc.• Energy bill historical data (min. 1 yr.)

• Field data collection

• Cross checking of load demand data.

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

End-use load apportioning

•Energy consumption data – Monthly (kWh).– Yearly (kWh).

•Analysis of end-use load for;– Lighting– A/Conditioning– General equipment.

•Draw pie-chart.

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

Annual Energy Consumption& Load apportioning

BuildingsAnnual

Consumption(kWh)

1 2 3 4

BEI

kWh/

m2/year

Office

Building1,993,445 32% 26%

25%

17% 105

Library 1,668,951 64% 5%22%

9% 184

1 – Centralised Air-conditioning

2 – Split/window Air-conditioning

3 – Lighting

4 – General equipment

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

BUILDING ENERGY INDICES

• Are indices of energy performance of building/end-use energy.

• Can be in the form of:-– Building Energy Index– Lighting energy index– Air-conditioning energy index

• Unit:-– KWh/sq.m/yr.

• Total energy cinsumption a year devided by floor area.

• Total end-use energy consumption a year devided by floor area.

COMMERCIAL

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

280

240

160

135

110

90

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

kW

h/s

q.m

./yr.

TypicalDesign

MesiniagaIBM

SecuritiesBuilding

New EnergyCode

EGCOTower

Bangkok

MECMComputer

model

Building Energy Index

kWh/sq.m./yr.

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

Example of Buildings audited in 2002 & their BEI

Wisma Persekutuan A 249.61 kWh/m2/yrWisma Persekutuan B 152.44 kWh/m2/yrIbu Pejabat A 251.8 kWh/m2/yrIbu Pejabat B 121.64 kWh/m2/yrKompleks Pej. A 170.0 kWh/m2/yrBangunan Rumah Persekutuan, A 107.6 kWh/m2/yrKementerian P A 119.56 kWh/m2/yrMenara B 246.84 kWh/m2/yrMINTA B 211.29 kWh/m2/yrWisma Persekutuan C 133.72 kWh/m2/yrPusat B 155.4 kWh/m2/yr

COMMERCIAL

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

In-house Energy Audit

• Continuous energy analysis and conservation process

• Includes:• Mapping of energy consumption for the

processes that are examined• Plant and process descriptions• Plant and process analysis• Energy efficiency opportunities• Implementation plan

INDUSTRY

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

EA Personnel

• Performed by the Energy Manager or a team of employees with special knowledge

• Can occasionally be assist by a external consultant

INDUSTRY

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

Energy targets and objectives

Objectives• How could the energy policy be fulfilled

over time• The energy objectives should challenge,

commit and motivate to continuous improvements and ensure progresses

• Success criteria

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

Revision of energy mapping

• Regular revisions (status)• Evaluation of development in energy

consumption in past period• Main energy consumption areas are updated• Relevant new working areas are identified and

prioritised• Basis for new energy action plan (annually)

RAG322

SAINS

PERSEKITARAN 2expg@tm.net.my

mzin@usm.my

PEN

GU

RU

SA

N

TEN

AG

A

Pbp usm

SELAMAT MAJU JAYA