nutrition (mustafizurahman 5ukm)
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PREPARED BY :-
MUSTAFIZURAHMAN BIN MUSTAFA KAMALCLASS 5 UKM
NUTRTION
NUTRITION
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INTRODUCTION
All living organism need food to survive
Food contains various type of nutrients, such as proteins,carbohydrates, fats , vitamins and minerals
The intake of nutrients by living organisms is known as
nutrition Food is needed by living organisms
(a) to maintain health
(b) as a source of energy
(c)to carry out life processes such as breathing, growing,
excreting and reproducing The energy content of a food is known as its calorific value
The calorific value of a food can be determined by using abomb calorimeter
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What is Nutrition?
- Nutrition is the intake of nutrients by living organisms
- The unit used to measure the energy contained in food iscalorie (kJ)
- The calorific value of food is the total energy released fromfood when it is oxidized completely in body
The table shows that the food have different calorific
value
Class of food Calorific value (kJ)
Carbohydrates 17.2
Proteins 22.2
Fats 38.5
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VARIOUS OF FOOD WITH
DIFFERENT CALORFIC VALUE
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CLASSES OF FOOD
CLASSES OF FOOD
CARBOHYDRATE
FATS
VITAMINS/MINERALS
PROTEIN
WATER
ROUGHAGE
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CARBOHYDRATES
- Carbohydrates is the main source of energy
- Examples that food that rich in carbohydrates
is:-
1. Rice
2. Beef Food that have major calories in carbohydrates3. Bread
Carbohydrates shown
right contains starchthat needs to keeps on
control in intake
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FATS
- Fats acts as a heat insulator and protects internal organs
- Food that rich in fats:-
(a) Chocalate
(b)Pizza
(c)Cheese
These food cannot
take excessively !!!
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VITAMINS/MINERALS
- Vitamins helps a person to maintain our health
- Food rich in vitamins
(a)Vitamin A Carrots
(b)Vitamin B-Tablets,
tempe
(c)Vitamin C-mostly vegetables and fruits
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PROTEIN
- Proteinbuilds new cells for growth and replace damage cells
- Examples food rich on protein
(a) Fish
(b) Grain
(c) Assorted beans
Protein makes a
person to grow in
height.
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ROUGHAGE
- Roughage helps the movement of food through digestivetract (to avoid constipation)
-Food that rich on roughage:-
(a)Fruits
(b)Vegetables(c)Nuts
(e)Barly
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FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON
INDIVIDUALS CALORIES
REQUIREMENT
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS
CALORIES REQUIREMENT:-
- Infants, children and teenagers need more calories than theold people
- This is because they are still growingand needs more energyto undergo the process
- Old people need less energy ; because they are less active
-Less-
(old
people)-More-
(teenegers)
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FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON
INDIVIDUALS CALORIES
REQUIREMENT
Generally, males need more calories than femalebecause:-
(a) Male are more active than females(b) Males have large body size than females
- An individual withbig body size need more caloriesthan smaller sized individual because:-(a) There are no weight to support(b) There are more cell to feed
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FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON
INDIVIDUALS CALORIES
REQUIREMENT
-A physically active worker such as farmer or a laborer
requires more calories than an office worker.
-This is because a lot of energy is used up for muscularcontraction
-A healthy person generally requires more calories thanone who is sick.-This is because is sick person is generally less active orbe bedridden
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FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON
INDIVIDUALS CALORIES
REQUIREMENT
- A person who is in a cold surroundings needs more calories
than ones who is in a warm place
-This is because in a cold surroundings, more energy is lost from
our body to the surroundings; therefore more calories will be
needed to maintain a constant body temperature
Need more(cold
surroundings)
Need less
(warm
surroundings)
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HEALTH PROBLEMS
RELATED TO NUTRITION
- The diet of a person should contain sufficient nutrients incorrect quantity
- Dietition are people who are trained to give people adviceabout what they eat or drink to be healthy
- Improper nutrition can lead to health problemssuch as:-
MALNUTRITION OBESITY
ANOREXIA
NERVOSA
CLICK ANY OF THE TOPIC TO VIEW
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MALNUTRITION
- A person is suffering from malnutrition if his diet containsinsufficient or an excess amountof certain nutrients
- Malnutrition can lead to many types of health problems, listof problem will be shown on the next slide.
High blood
pressure Diabetes
Scurvy
Kwashiorkor
GoutRickets
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MALNUTRITION
Disease/health
disorder
Cause Symptoms Can be prevent
with:-
High blood pressure -excessive intake of
salt, fat , cholesterol
-mostly without
symptoms
-exercise
-eat less food
contain fat
Diabetes -excessive intake of
sugar
-presence of sugar
on urine
-eat less sweet food
Scurvy -lack of vitamin c -bleeding gums -eat more fruits and
vegetables
Kwashiorkor -lack of protein -diarrhoea
-accumulation fluid
Consume more
seafood's
Rickets -lack of vitamin d -soft bones
- Bow leggedness
-Drink more milk
-Expose to sunlight
Gout -excessive protein -pain in joints
-disposition uric acid
-Reduce taking
protein foods
Night blindness -lack of vitamin A -poor vision in dimlight -eat liver,egg,carrotsmore often
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OBESITY
- A person is said to be overeatingwhen he takes in morethan what his body needs
- The extra calorieswill be stored in the form of fats under theskin and around organs
- This can lead to obesity. THIS SHOULD
BEPREVENTED
BY REGULAR
EXERCISE
THREE TYPES OF DIESEASES
ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY
-HEART ATTACK
-DIABETES
-HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
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DISEASES RESULTING FROM
UNHEALTHY EATING
HABITS
- Un healthy eating habits can also leads to diseases
- The table shows some comparisons unhealthy eating habitsand their consequences
Unhealthy eating habit Consequences
-Eating too much meat food which
are rich in saturated fats and
cholesterol
-narrowing of arteries due to deposit
of cholesterol
Overeating, especially over
consumption of carbohydrates and
fats
- Diabetes
-Eating too much snacks and junkfood, especially which high in salt
-High blood pressure- Diabetes
- Irregular meal times or skipping
meal to often
- Gastric ulcers
-Eating too fat and swallowing food
without proper chewing
- Indigestion
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GOOD NUTRITION AND
GOOD EATING HABITS
- Many health problems and diseases are related to impropernutrition and bad eating habits
- We should take good nutrition and practice good eatinghabits
- We should take balanced diet
- A balanced diet contains all the classes of food in the rightamount, in accordance with the needs of our body
- It should contain plenty of grains, fruits and vegetables,moderate amount of protein-rich food, and as little fats andsugar as possible.
- Using a food pyramidwill help abalanced diet in daily life
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FOOD PYRAMID
THE FOOD
PYRAMID
ONCE YOU
TAKING
NUTRITION
BASED ON
FOOD
PYRAMID,YOUR
DAILY INTAKENUTRIENT IS
BALNCED AND
HEALTHY
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-SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS FORM 5
-NEXUS PRO SCIENCE
-INTERNET SITES
-PUAN NOR DIANA AS CONSULANT TEACHER
-VIDEOS FROM YOUTUBE FOR MORE INFO
-SCIENCE FORM 5 TEXT BOOK-MAIN SOURCE
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PREPARED BY:MUSTAFIZURAHMAN
UKM
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