lecture 1 introduction to system simulation -...
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Pendekatan SistemMemusatkan perhatian pada keseluruhan (whole) sistem dan interaksinya. Bersifat komprehensif, holistik, dan lintas disiplinBerawal dari existing design, bagaimanafuture design?
SIMULASI SISTEMSIMULASI KOMPUTER
Method for understanding, representing, and solving complex interdependent problems using computer model (Nancy Roberts et.al., 1983).Consists of :
Basic Concept of System SimulationDeveloping a Computer Simulation ModelAnalyzing of Outputs
Definisi : System Simulation
Tiruan operasi suatu fasilitas atau proses dunia nyata (Kelton,1991)Teknik experimen dengan model sistem nyata untuk menentukan bagaimana sistem meresponse perubahan struktur, lingkungan, maupun asumsi-asumsi.(Bateman et al, 1997)Tiruan sistem dinamis menggunakan model komputer untuk tujuan evaluasi & perbaikan performansi (Harrel et al, 2003)
PERSONAL COMPUTER
Pemodelan SistemModel & Manfaat
Problem Situation
MODEL
IMPLEMENTASI
Performance measure
•Menggambarkan (to describe)•Menjelaskan (to explain)•Memperkirakan (to estimate), •memproyeksikan (to predict)
karakteristik (struktur) dan atau perilaku (fungsi) suatu sistem (natural or man made)
Representasi suatu sistem nyata (situasi nyata): problem situation•Abstraksi•Simplifikasi
SIMULASI SISTEMManfaat
Study a complex systemExperiments with a new designPredict system responseTo verify analytic solutionTo evaluate new policies, procedures, requirementsAs pedagogical device or trainingVisualize a plan/scenariosAnalyzing financial or economic aspects
interdependency
randomness
complex
SIMULASI SKILL
Perlu Training !
Tantangan :
Analysis Tools
SimulationHand calculationSpreadsheetOperation Research
Prescriptive : LP, DPDescriptive : Queuing Theory
Specific Tool (Computerized)
Simulation Tools
Bahasa pemrogramanFortran,Basic dll
Aplikasi sangat luas, skilpemrograman tinggi, energi pemodelterkuras pada program
Bahasa SimulationSiman, GPSS
Satu tingkat di atas bahasa pemrograman, masih banyak tuntutan pemrograman, untuk sistem aantrean dan aplikasi
Simulator Untuk aplikasi spesifik, mudah digunakan, pemodelan cepat, aplikasi terbatas.
Integrasi bahasa simulasi & simulator
Menawarkan kemudahan sekaligusfleksibilitas aplikasi.(promodel=simulation technology)
Steps To Simulation Study
system
model
Concept
Plan The Study
Define system
Build Model
Run Experiment
Analyze Output
Struktur model tergantung pada software simulasi yang digunakan !
SIMULASI
IDENTIFIKASI MASALAH
KARAKTERISASI SISTEM
FORMULASI MODEL
ANALISIS MODEL
ESTIMASI PARAMETER & SOLUSI
IMPLEMENTASI
SIMULASI
VALIDASI MODEL
System Modeling Steps
Prinsip PemodelanStart Simple
Single Objects Multi-objectsSingle-variables Multi-variablesLinear Non-linearDeterministics stochasticsProcess ManagementBlack box white boxClosed Open
Pendekatan
Event-OrientedContoh: Discrete-Event Simulation (DES)
Process-OrientedContoh : Transfer FunctionBanyak digunakan untuk continuous process
Hybrid : Event-Process ApproachSebagian besar software menggabungkan dua pendekatan tersebut
Plan the Study :Simulation Objectives ?
Analisis kapasitas Throughput rateProduct mix
Analisis Performansi Throughput rateCycle timesUtilizationWIP
Optimasi SistemObjective functionsConstraints
Studi komparasiOld designNew design
Analisis SensitivitasPessimisticMost likelyOptimistic
Visualization
Define System (1)
Ada 3 poin :
Objek
Interaksi
Tujuan/Objectiveobjek & interaksinya
Output Performance
Sistem : Engineering, sosial, politik, biologi, ekonomi?
Define System (2)
Entity inControlResources
Activity
Entity out
sistem
Sistem terdiri dari : Entitas, Aktivitas, Resources & Control
Sistem : Discrete vs Continuous , Sistem : Deterministic Vs Stochastic
Conceptual ModelAlgoritmaFlow ChartBlock DiagramEntity Flow DiagramCausal-Loop DiagramData flow diagram
PRINSIP SIMULASI :
Ambil ESSENSI bukan SUBSTANSI !
Black Box Model
MODEL
Decision (Controllable)
Parameter (Uncontrollable)
Performance Measure
Consequancesvariables
Optimization Techniques
Change variables
feedback
Aplikasi PemodelanClassification Examples
Business FunctionApplication DisciplineIndustryOrganizational LevelMathemathicsRepresantationUncertainty
Finance, Marketing, Cost Accounting, OperationsScience, Engineering, EconomicsMilitary, Transportation, Telecom, NonprofitStrategic, Tactical, OperationalLinear Equations, Nonlinear EquationsSpreedsheet, Custom Software,PaperDeterministics, Probabilistics
Case Study (Murty)No Case Study Jenis Model
Deterministik/Stochastic123456789101112
A Weigh LiftingB Alloy SelectionC Optimal ProductionD Rocket LaunchE Word PopulationF River PollutionG Weather ChangesH Thermal power StationI Component ReliabilityJ Speed of AeroplanesK Supermarket OperationL Demand for Soft drinks
DSDDDDSDSSSS
Aplikasi SimulasiQueuing analysisCapacity planningCycle time reductionStaff & Resources planningBottleneck analysisQuality improvementCost reductionSupply-chain planning
Inventory controlProductivity improvementLayout analysisLine balancingBatch size optimizationProduction schedulingResources schedulingMaintenance scheduling
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