digilib.uin-suka.ac.iddigilib.uin-suka.ac.id/9451/1/bab i, iv, daftar pustaka.pdf · panduan...

Post on 04-Apr-2019

241 Views

Category:

Documents

0 Downloads

Preview:

Click to see full reader

TRANSCRIPT

ii

iv

Buku ini adalah salah satu buku yang mengupas al-Qur’an dengan kaca

mata sains. Di dalam buku tersebut, penulis memaparkan ayat-ayat al-Qur’an

yang berkenaan dengan sains terutama di bidang astronomi yang baru

diperbincangkan manusia berberapa abad setelah al-Qur’an turun. Dengan kata

lain al-Qur’an mendahului ilmu pengetahuan karena pada masa itu orang Arab –

pada khususnya- belum mengenal ilmu pengetahuan. Hal ini lah yang menarik

perhatian penulis untuk menerjemahkan buku tersebut.

Secara umum metode untuk menerjemahkan buku al- I’jaz ini adalah

dengan metode komunikatif. Metode ini berusaha menciptakan efek yang dialami

oleh pembaca Bahasa sasaran sama dengan efek yang dialami oleh bahasa

sumber. Elemen budaya bahasa asal pun dipindahkan ke dalam elemen budaya

bahasa sasaran. Model terjemah ini lah yang memihak pada teks bahasa sasaran

atau pembaca, karena tidak boleh ada bagian terjemahan yang terasa sulit

dimengerti atau kaku di mata pembaca tetapi harus luwes dan cantik sehingga

enak untuk dinikmati oleh pembaca.

Dalam proses menerjemahkan buku ini, peneliti menemukan beberapa

problematika. Tetapi salah satu persoalan yang peneliti analisis adalah

penerjemahan istilah ilmiah.

Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah tiga bentuk istilah ilmiah dan cara

penerjemahannya. Pertama istilah ilmiah yang diadopsi dari bahasa asing dengan

jumlah 21 kata. Cara menerjemahkannya adalah dengan langsung menulisnya

sesuai dengan cara pengucap dan penulisannya dalam bahasa Indonesia, kedua

istilah ilmiah yang berbahasa Arab tetapi terjemahannya dapat ditemui di kamus

yang berjumlah 33 kata, dan yang ketiga istilah ilmiah yang sulit dipahami jika

hanya bergantung pada kamus saja yang berjumlah 29 kata.

Adapun metode penelitian dalam skripsi ini menggunakan penelitian

pustaka (Library Research) yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan dengan cara

membaca, menelaah, dan mengkaji berbagai literatur yang terkait sehingga dapat

menghasilkan terjemahan yang enak dibaca juga menambah literatur tentang

mukjizat al-Qur’an dan memberikan solusi bagi penerjemah selanjutnya dalam

menerjemahkan istilah ilmiah.

v

1.

.

2.

3.

.

4.

5.

6.

7.

vi

vii

viii

.‌أ

1Abdul Munip, Strategi dan Kiat Menerjemahkan Teks Bahasa Arab kedalam Bahasa

Indonesia, (Yogyakarta: Sukses Offset, 2002), 2.ظ

2 A. Widyamartaya, Seni Menerjemahkan (Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1121), ظ .11

3 Ibnu Burdah, Menjadi Penerjemah, (Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana, 2004), . 1.

4 112-110 .ظ (2000اخاذ, اػجاص امشآ اث١ا )ػا:داس ػاس,

3

.‌ب

5 ارشجح )صش:اطشوح اصش٠ح اؼا١ح طش, ذ ػا, ف .7 ( ظ2006ذ

5

6 Musthofa dkk, Panduan Penulisan Proposal, Skripsi dan Munaqosyah

,(Yogyakarta:Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Arab Fakultas Adab UIN Sunan Kalijaga,2006), 13. ظ. 7 ...ظ.ظش٠ح ارشجحفاد٠ ف١را١فرص,

2

ذ ػا, ارشجحذ 16 -2ظ ... ف

1 M Faisol Fatawi, Seni Menerjemahkan, (Malang: UIN Malang Press, 2001) ظ

.4

7

10

.13 ...ظ.ظش٠ح ارشجحفاد٠ ف١را١فرص, 11

ذ ػا, 34. ( ظ2006)صش:اطشوح اصش٠ح اؼا١ح طش,اذذ٠ثح ظش٠ح ارشجح ذ

12

.15...ظ. ظش٠ح ارشجحفاد٠ ف١را١فرص, 13

.216...ظظش٠ح ارشجحفاد٠ ف١را١فرص, 14

. 626ص. ...فن الترجمةمحمد عناني, من

9

15

102-107...ظ.ظش٠ح ارشجحفاد٠ ف١را١فرص,

16

221 ...ظ.ظش٠ح ارشجحفاد٠ ف١را١فرص, 17

224...ظ ظش٠ح ارشجحفاد٠ ف١را١فرص,

66

12

271 ...ظ.ظش٠ح ارشجحفاد٠ ف١را١فرص, 11

.243-236 ...ظ.ظش٠ح ارشجحفاد٠ ف١را١فرص,

63

20

ذ .106.ظ ...اج ارشجاذ٠ذا, ذ

.

65

22

21

.26( ظ. 2006, )اش٠اض: اطش اؼ اطاتغ, ظش٠ح ارشجحفاد٠ ف١را١فرص, 22

253...ظ.ظش٠ح ارشجحفاد٠ ف١را١فرص,

67

646

643

A. Widyamartaya. 1121. Seni Menerjemahkan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.

Abdur Rahman, Dudung. 2003. Pengantar Metode Penelitian.Yogyakarta:Kurnia

Kalam Semesta.

Al khuli, Amin. 2004. Metode Tafsir Sastra. Yogyakarta: Adab Press.

(diterjemahkan oleh Khairon Nahdiyyin)

Burdah, Ibnu. 2004. Menjadi penerjemah metode dan wawasan menerjemahkan

teks arab. Yogyakarta:Tiara Wacana.

Faisol Fatawi, Muhammad. 2001. Seni Menerjemahkan. Malang: UIN Malang

Press.

Hartono. 2003. Belajar Menerjemah Teori dan Praktik . Malang: Universitas

Muhamadiyah Malang.

Munip, Abdul. 2002.Strategi dan Kiat Menerjemahkan Teks Bahasa Arab

kedalam Bahasa Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Sukses Offset.

Musthofa dkk. 2006.Panduan Penulisan Proposal. Skripsi dan Munaqosyah.

Yogyakarta:jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Arab Fakultas Adab UIN Sunan

Kalijaga

Nababan, Rudolf. 2003. Teori Menerjemah Bahasa Inggris. Yogyakarta: Pustaka

Pelajar.

Subroto, Edi. 2007. Pengantar Metode Penelitian Linguistik Struktural.

Surakarta: LPP UNS dan UNS Press.

Suryawinata dkk. 2005.Translation. Bahasan. Teori & Penuntun Praktis

Mnerjemahkan. Yogyakarta:Kanisius.

Zar, Sirajuddin. 1114. Konsep Penciptaan Alam Dalam Penikiran Islam. Sains

dan Al Quran. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo.

Al Qur‟an Terjemah Departemen Agama.

Ali, Atabik dan Zahdi Mukhdar. 1116. Kamus Kontemporer Arab Indonesia.

Yogyakarta:Multi Karya Grafika.

Wehr, Hans. 1176. A dictionary of modern written Arabic. New York.

Yatim, Wildan. 2003. Kamus Biologi. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

Salim, Peter. 1111. KBBI kontemporer .Jakarta: Modern English Press.

VerbAce-Pro Version 0.1.3 - © 2006-2010

Qur‟an in word 2007

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Surya. ( 09:30 الساعة في 21/3/2062:التاريخ)

645

Nama : Tika Fitriyah

TTL : Tasikmalaya, 65 April 6996

Jenis Kelamin : Perempuan

Agama : Islam

Kewarganegaraan : Indonesia

Alamat Asal : Jl. Cieunteung gg Mustika no 21 kec Cihideung kota

Tasikmalaya 46623

Alamat di Yogyakarta : jln Wahid Hasyim gg Ace Gaten Condong Catur Depok

Sleman Yogyakarta

Nama Ayah : H. Abdul Hak Farid

Agama : Islam

Pekerjaan : Pengusaha

Nama Ibu : Hj. Nurlayyinah

Agama : Islam

Pekerjaan : Ibu Rumah Tangga

Riwayat Pendidikan:

Formal

TK al Misbah (Lulus Th. 6997)

SDN Cieunteung II Tasimalaya (Lulus Th. 2003)

MTsN Sukamanah-Singaparna-Tasikmalaya (Lulus Th. 2006)

MAN Sukamanah-Singaparna-Tasikmalaya (Lulus Th. 2009)

UIN Sunan Kalijaga (Lulus Th. 2063)

Non-Formal

Pondok Pesantren Riyadlul Huda Sukamanah-Singaparna-Tasikmalaya

Pondok Pesantren Sukahideung Sukamanah-Singaparna-Tasikmalaya

Pondok Pesantren Al Munawwir Krapyak Yogyakarta

Pondok Pesantren Wahid Hasyim-Yogyakarta

Pengalaman Organisasi :

OSIS MAN Sukamanah Divisi Kerohanian

Koordinator Kebahasaan ponpes Sukahideung Sukamanah-Singaparna-

Tasikmalaya.2001-2009

Pimpinan Redaksi Bulletin Matapena 2009-2066

Seksi pendidikan Al Munawwir Krapyak Yogyakarta 2060-2066

Dewan Kurikulum Al Munawwir Krapyak Yogyakarta 2066-2062

BEM-J Bahasa dan Sastra Arab Fak. ADAB UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta Periode

2066-2063 Divisi Media dan Komunikasi

Pimpinan Umum Maj. Al-Lughah 2066-2062

Wakil ketua Divisi Arab UKM SPBA UIN Sunan Kalijaga 2066-2062

Pengelola bimbingan belajar “al-Ilmu” 2062 sampai sekarang

Penulis lepas di media cetak.

p~~1 JI!:\J~I~ dL~

JY4J1 a1;~~ J1!:\J~jj&Jl~ ~I~ dL~

'%··'r·~·ua

Ul..l+J - ~.J.r.H

,~~.ill P ..~J ~~J ~ly ~ ~I ~)' c..JJ J!.ill r.}"i ...~~ ~i ~ 4..1 ~J ,4.iIA o.4.iUJ ,,!L.> ....AA>J

'OJ~ ~lk) .ill ~ .. ~.4.0 ;)~J ,4S-~ r>JJ '<Ut.::-r4..1 ~J ,4.il"";J ~ t>J ,4.i lA ..r. .ill JY ...oJ~ ~l.:.....>-J

~WI u..)1~ ~ljiJ ,cs. 4.1A.i Lt ie ~! 4.1A.i L.~J 4.i~

\S.,A.:JIJ ~l> ~ ~JJ l:z ~\S" .'!~ ~ 4.tJl:J' ¥I tilJ ,~

.& ~JiJ ~ \S;i

.~w, .J'l}~' J:S"J flA ~, JP..u' ~l::-~I rJ»1 J!

I~~ ,~ ~J~.) Jol::.;J ,.uli# .r..x;j ~i JWJ 4\.i~ ~, l,;ri

'J):i.:.l' ~'yl::5" .JA ~.,s:JI ~~ '''JP' ~, yl::5" ~1.;AJI ~l5"

~ 4\.i1~ JJ o.?JJ dUo~ ~iJ ,~~I ~, ~41 .r.~ ~~ JyoL rU1J

~1.;AJ1 ~i J! 0;:'1.,> ';:"-;J ,4>JI~~ ~ li~..,J...l.o ~J , l+,:.iL..o W

.,AJI ~ IJ" ~li ~}:J' jAi ~J 1)l.-i~1 jkJl.~ ~ 0ll,J1 YJ ~;:.;

,~i

,~I .kt.. 4\.i~ 4..lAi ~~ rLJ', 'lA .IL ~ 'A ~l5" '~I ~I ~1 I:;. ~A II \:;.\1 1._ l.J1 '~

"" J,J. ~ •• _ v-:-: I.$r-:- ~ ~ r- "" J

IJ" ~.)~' ~ 4.i.;:J1~ .JA I 'J:.I~ ~! C~r ~ ~'J~J'! ~J

L. ~~ ~i 4J J'7""~I oolA JS' ~J ~I~J lolA ~ .).)j.-o J! ,~ J!~,4....JIc1'J ~~, IJ" O~JJ 'r-)-!l1J" .uJ...\.A..~ ,~! ~J ,~~

~ I.$,)JI ~I J:.I.u1~ IJ" ~l:.AJ' ~ J~J ,Q.l~ j;..41J" ~~

'~J Ji",rJ.> ~l ~f;. ~ WI J

,~li r i ~~ fJ~ f JI ~~I ~ u~i .fS-.! ",r~1 ~~t:::J

,~IJ JUJI ~~jJ~ ~i ~~IJ

~6:-J') J ."..:.iJ ~) .JA ~J O~J F 4.JS' ~l£~' ~i ~ J.>i ~J

~;J~ :JW Jli .~.Ja::-iiJ ~~).u l.o Jl>.u ~~ ~~ 4.i~ ~l£~\

• (I) ~~J~ ~i ~i

a~i ~ J~ .". ~J ~~~I y~' ~ iJ~ ~ ~1.;J' ylk>J

~ J#I (J"~ ~\S:... ~J ~.;-AS' ~ J1k.o r~ &J ~ ~rJl ~.;-iJ1

• - --II tt-i':' J..l>\ - . Ie. h,t; ~L...i~' -~:~ It.:.. ~i - _::1\. .. ,J.r-' \.:' _ J ~ ~. • ~~ J.r-- 0'" ~J

~J ~.,;..1 a~ o.)~,~, ~4)2.:J' )}!J a~ ~~I~' I.?JJ

'J~ ~jJl Y ~I ~ ~\S' ~ l;.;-AS' J f-~\ ~1.;J' ~ ~~ ~~~

. (y)~ ol;...W l.o \."...LuJ ~ ol;.jf l.o '}f {"ii } ~ ~~I 0y..u l

~) ~I ~JWd-1 ~t;~IJ ~ ~\ ..:JljL;.;S'~1 0'"~ r~\ ~ J

~~ J:i~ r l.o J! ~lA:J'J J~\ (J" 0# J>1y" rW1&J ~ J~ J5" &~ J-A;-1' ~i J.,..i.L'J eF ' J'~ ~ V! ..l> ~ ~~ rJ ~ A ~ ~

.~4..f.l\ 0'" ;5'~\J ;5'~'

~\')li! ~~IJ ~)2.:J1 ~1rW'J ~~~I ~\) 0'" l;.j.)u! ~ ..l>i ~J

~~~ J5" J~J ~;.> J5"~~l£~\ ~J.) )2.:J'J ~t:J, J wli ~\S'\J.)!J

. ,-?iJ J5" y'-,~ J

~it :JW 6,.\yiJ ~4.I.rL' j,)\ ~4~ 0"'y ~i ..l>IJ 01 ~ l:...o Y~J

~IJ ~fiJ\ l\,j41.r.~ y"~u ~jS (I'")~u.wi y}i ~ ii 01.;:11 0J.r.~

,..J'.,J~'J ,W~\J 'J.,...aJ' ....;~, ~J- I : 4:S Jj1 ~J lJ"l.:s- .:r.' JIi (n /0' ) ';"l.u '.AJ1 (,)

J.l> ~ ~ \/ » : O.)l:;i JIi ( T•r /1.) ..Jj\;L.\~ ~1J ! jA..JIJ ~IJ ~'J ,t~IJ

. (Tro/1.) ~ .:r.\~ )Lil! o.)~ ~\A....::...::JJ ,J.l> li! .,;i"";f~

4.:- n,\ .).wl _ J')U.\ ..,...,1.:;5" . .1<0 T· i ...... .)1.A.J1 .)y: lJ"l.:s- ~\;;...~ ~1.;JI ~I }iiI (T)

."";~.\'\v.

i.;)~~'..J~ \~J :(iO/TA) ~\ o~ ~ \$j\)l.;..AJ' r\...~\ J~ (n/1.v) u:. (r)

.. J~ 1.5" ,~ ''''';fi '1 .,;is:,j 4i~\ ~ ~ r I~~ ,4i.,-lJ J.l> ~I ..J~ liJP ..Jl5'

Jl+JIJ J:.U' ~~IJ ~}~IJ ..:..1.,.-1' J1;.. ~ ~! ~ :JlA.; .J.,AJ ~) ~

~ ~J~J 'r-r.~ ~J j,)yJJ L.l:i 41)1 ~J.;S~ .:r.1J1 '''':"'L:J\l1 JJ~ ..:..l:\!

• el) ~ J~I ",:",I.)s l:.Aj~~ ~~ Ih~ L. ~J '~J \lIJ ..:..Ir-JI Jl>

o~.,.L' opl y~ 4:.0 J5'J ~~I ~I ":"I).;.~~ Jib- (..?JI ~T;JIJ

~I '''''i ,JlA.; ~b........ ~-II..:..L.>-~I ~I y·'-:.LI ,.A..>.-I\ . ...I.JolIf ~ J J . ~ .• J _ J Lr- J _ r.:.r .r

.~I i}sJ ,,:,,~~I ~ ~~I u. lSI),)!

~w ~ ~~..r.AJ1 ~, ~~I JJ\;;.; tr i 4.£.?J1 ..:..l:\!1 JYJ..o ~ ~~J

r i ···lfJJ..o Ji~ J!~~~r ~,~ Ji ,i~ ~ (~i i'~ ru ~IJ ~l5' ~J ~ ~ ~I ":"lj~~1 oh ~t; oi l». ~ ~j­

~ J! rW l~ r":"lj~~1 oh ;SiJ ,~o)=~~;..l~ JA::-I (-' JJ\l1 d..;.jI~! ~ ~ ~J ",:",l:S ,j" ~ ,j" ):.;~ L.J~ : JlA.; Jlj .I? yo ~!

. er).J.~ .IL. I\ ...... L; ':J"lC ~.)

~I J! ~,j"~ ~I ~ ri~J ~I).JI ~Ii..o ~~ "uJ

~~I iL.~IJ ,« ~~I ~~ II ~ '-:?.r.kJ1.r..f': ~ J..$ iL.~1 J....! ~ )Yi.l~

• « JyUL. ~I J J~I J"Ul II o~ J. -.. .. ..

I)! 'r- I.it>~ ..,-:-ll.it> J~ .!JJ.i!, 'C:- I.it> wL....;~ ..,-:-l I.it> : 4$) j..ll wL....;:'1 1..) ~WI •

0...; .1',4;.., o...Ali II ¥' ,i ~I ~'p (>\JIJ 4iL,.;:'1~ Lo!J (>\JIJ ..AJ~~ Lo! ~.,...:Jlj Ii.> (s-

0.)1) ~«')U,~ I.it>..:...,tl;.. Lo» :JJI u-) 4$Pjll (Lo:'1 1J~.( ,~, ,,~./,.) wl.r-s- JI (,)

~L. i..a>~ Lo :~IJ ,~lj ~JA ~ Jl.l.1 J:' ~ _oA, .!JJ;' w.,J~ -,?i .J"AJI

.;J.;;.jJ"" ~ r-' ~.)iJ~J~ ~ wi >""~ ~ -,tl.u ~.}. ~ ~

~.:..r- .I~ ~~ ~)l;11 yljs l:.Ai~ 4.1; "-1 j..-J .!JJ.i!J~ y4 1J ~u.. yJ"';'JJ

.( 1M/') "';~I ft~ (J

'1 J 'I~ '1 i.:-i $ JJI Jr ) wl5' :~ JJI ~) lJ"~ ~I Jlj . (1A/n).;.,~I (r)

.(1/"") 4$~1~ ja;1.~

,.

~J~'J I(~W.I CJJ)) ~\ ~l:S ~ ~ .•i·:J\J (I~\ &~)) ~\~,

j-~\ ~\ J!~ ((J~I)) ~ I.$PjI i~:-:JI ~ IIJ..rJ' )yi)) ~

"L;>\ ~.r..AJ\ iLa:-:JI J .((~I~')) I.$~I ~\ ~~,Y.i J\;>\ -UJ

• (I ~1.;JI il5:>~ t'~\ I) ~\ o~ ~ ~'~~\

~1)~':J'if ~ t!y~ i).::.~~, ~\ i~i ~ ~i ~~ iri ~l5'J

~, ~C~I 4.-.;\ ~I\ ~\ ~':J\' .~ .-11 ~ G: ,4.-.;<:"1\ *ClA;..ll 4.-.WI. lY J • .r ). ~ v:.-r J J _y" lY .

r' ~\ ~':J -UJ .~ if ltJ)2.0 ~ t ~\J .'l~")\.l ~~ ~

.j~:-:J\ C,JJ r-::i ~\ ~.'l~ i~) L "! ~i IJ.'lI) .:r..:JI cl).J\~ if ~~

,~\ )~\ t' ~I iYL>U~ o~ ~~ IJ~iJ "..,..L:JI y..,li J!.)~.,......a..o ~ v U1 e::-'i I.$.:JI ya.J\ li,t ~ i~ i,t.:. ~ l.$iJ\ r W1

,uv..;,:-:J )J~ )~I li,t J "rl~ ~)L.v. ~ ? i i)~ -?J .'-;-'~...":J I

~ ;).MI ~~ y~ ~ ~I.'l ~~ 0;;'-'. Ji ~I .b.l.::.:s: wi O).i> J~J

.r.S o~\ ~~I Ji ";:"~."kl' ~ ~\)iJ\ ~, ~J ~~,~W'J ~I ~y~

.~ ~..r- ':J ;;....r- 0 ~J~ i)~! .rA-!. ~l;j\

~I ~ II 0LJ.\ ~\y:l-I 11 ~ I.$~~ I.$JL..b:.k pI i-u -uJ

!! ~.,s:.J\ 0l:~ r' ~I 11 yl:S ~ .u--i~ ~l:-~\ ~j5 ,,(Ilr\..u--i .J..$. ).p..u l , if ~.,s:.J\ ..;:..~':JI ~ 11 ~l:S ~ ol,jb....:. ~\.>..:s- )p ..JIJ

..u".. i ).~ ..u\ ~l:-~\ oJ i.i9 1.$.:J1J II rW1~ ~ iYL:-:JI 11 ~l:S ~ I.$JI.r-'z.l1

. ~I.'l_s:J\ i ~I.>..:s-

(T) J~i ..u ~ ':is - r '~~JW\J ~.;ll - ~.;JI ~i ~ -UJ

.~iJ ~ t!~J ~~ ~

4LL ~ ~W\ ..,...1::S:l1 - ~I~ ~ ~\;...~ (""'}~IJ ':"'\.,.......JI .;:..# ~) ..,...I.:S L:1J (,)

. ...;,~ v,.M.: LA J , ' .,;P ~')L.~ I~J""-:-II

"' ... ~lJ .1a.::..:.' .li, ., . 'i ( .. )·'UU~C.J . .r.l.J.r '

,\

J!~ v-~~I J~' 0! ~ J=i ,~I ~~ ~iJu

,(I) r~l ~J'!i Lo ~ i~J 'v-"~~ ~J'!i Lo r~1 ~ rWl 0~ J:;:­

,~ v- 'iJ ~~ ~ v- JJc'~1 4i4 'i ~~ , J:~ 'i ~~ (..?JI 0TyAJl ~

.~ j!.r v- ~y:.;

~4T ~.; 0i ~I V-J 'J:~ 'i ~~ i~ ~.; 0i ~I .)L....Q.JI V-J

.i~~ li~I )2;J' ~~J ~~~~ (..?JI 01yAJi

tb;..'i ..u~, ~IJl;~' pi '-iiJl .;>\II J~I 0i ~ ~ 'i '-iiJu ~..i5'

l+.J! Jl;i~, ~I ~\Jl;~1 v- ~~I C!~ ~~ J'~ ~~ .r.ililJ '-ii),

. (t) 4j~J JIAiJ~~ JJI~ J J'!..d.l oy.) ~J (..?J' 01.;J1

• (r) 4f ~I ~i ~~~~i JJ Jli\ll J \.:;41rr.-J- ~ : JIAi Jli

,~~iJ'~P~ I~J' LAJJ'!~ 0i ~1.iJ~~ ~~I JJI ~41J

~J~IJ ~I.,.-JI ~ ~1 V- ~ts-J~ ;JIAi Jli :~ 0.".t~ ~ l~ 0i 'i!

(t) ~0.rPp 4:.S- t"J~ 0J.,n

~WI.;::$ ~,~~ ~ o-",,~ 4j~~J JJI Jl> J~ oy ..lllJ

V- JJI Jl> LoJ ~J~IJ ~I.,.-JI ~~ ~ IJA rJi~ :JL.u Jli :~Ji; J!(0) 4f ~~

~I ~ .::..J"lJ' L.li':;"~ .,u o~ ~ ~11.iJ".Jf':" I.iJlk:J" ~I .1).;i.li>.,J.,UJ (,)

.~IJ!

. (~T'/1'V) j.j' flr;;ci ~4i ~J:- .ll.4.>L1 jjJ': JL..;~; Jot; (1')

,0:.. c::a •~i ~ I J 'lS~1 c::a I : J,rS' 4.r. J~IJ lS....J1J .......~ Jli . (or/1' )~ (T')

.;1:> y.~ ~I .r-:JI ~J (T'V1/'0) ""',;JJ .;i~1 r~~ t"4I-1 ~ JJJ 1.0 I.MJ

.( 1/1'0) ';~I t"~ ~ 1.i;.JaJ1 rl.o~1 ~ J~I y" I.MJ (Ooo/v)

.(Oo/'T') 1.i~1..e-Ai~IJ('oO/\1')";""y-(1)

.( 'AO/V) "';1.r~1 (0)

,t

.~ ,)\)\ ~jj.o'>- 4j."....J -G~1 ~ rr. .1l;i "uJ ~W, ~Ic1JI r~ iJl.,;JIJ

. {')~iJ}W' ~1 ~ L.J ~L:..U lr.~ J~~' ~J~ :JWJl:9

~J')J 4y~~1 Js- -GJ"u J"u ~ ~ ~J ..i.>~ (.."s:JI Jlfl ~JI..>J\J

~J,) ~J 4.k~\ 6,;,)J 4o..l.!..uJ1 OJl,,-...J ~I ci~ ~J 4~~lJ 4');;

,~JI.,b t.L;IJ

~..,s:JI ~~~, If # J (Y) ~(..,A.i ~i ~ iJL;~1 l:.A.l> ..\AJ~ : JW Jl:9

~l:JJl;.j "uJ~\ oJI~i; -GI::>J iJL;~\ J.1> ,y JWJ .,.j~ J:l-I ~,)JJi

~.L..d dbJ (~)« iJl.;J1 ~ ~I j~~1 D : ~\:S ~ J:i,)~~J~ ~..... ..

J i~IIfJ 4~\JJJIJ ~4 ~ j.ohJIJ .r.~4 O.J!.l.=l:- ~~, ~ ~~

~ WI;~W~, y\:S ~ ~ ~I ..l.!rJ ~4J ~;I,) ~ ~~

.JwJ.,.j~ri

4..l.!~ J~ Js- iJlfl ~I~4 ..i.>b iJi ~}I JI:J J~I 0~J. ~

~J 4J.:!a; L. J; ~W~\~ ")\j 4WJ J~J ~'.P'J 4.A.l4~ ~J

~, ~b.;....1 ~b- ~ Ji 4~~ ~ OJJ~ ~! J"'UiJI ,y J.raJI ~

. J"'UiJ'

iJ1.;J' ~ JyllU, ~."s:J' i#1 ~~ ~J'! iJi J~\ .r.:S-IfJ 4?'IfJ

.~~I4$'J.ul ~\.,JI i4-9~1 ~I>J ~ i LU\~ ~1 ~ L. ~i If yllJ (.~\

~ .rUJ' y.,..L4 ~I iJA r-r4(...,s:JI iJ1.;J' ~ \.r.1.,> iJi ~.;S:.i ~Ic1JI ~J

:JW~; ~ ~~I o..1A ~~~ J (1) ~ ~1c1J\ O,)~ If ..ill~ Le! ~: JW ~;

.( 1r/n) ':"~I (,)

.(1/ ..0) ~I (n

,r "VV 4.:.... JJ~\ ~ ':"J,)..,# -UJ~'.I.::-1'...A:J\;I..;I.;JI ~ ~'j~~\I..,.,1:S (r)

,~..;! ~') ':"J.t":"! J'}UI;I~ .~~I,

. ( r A/ro ) j.1.i (1)

H'

J~I ,fJ ,ly:I.,Ji~ ~I) ~ ~.;.ti ~Lo ~~I ,f Jj.ii JJI ~i .; ti,ilJV~IJ yIJ...uIJ ifl:J\ ,fJ '~J- ~,~J ,ly:I.,Ji~ ? J ~ ~~

.<') 4f ~.lS'" 4.i I.,Ji~

(..?JI ~.,J l.aJl>- I~ L:.W. ~ ~iJ 'J..:-J' ~\J- ~4:: ~i JJ\ JLi

.JJj._.. i .;5'iJ J.,..l. ~ 4.i!

~I~I

u.~ L.J (nt/It) ~.;AJIJ (lti/t) J'fS..:r.1~ ~ ~I) .(tv/ro)olj (I)

. ( Ai/H ) 1$.r.1.lI ..:.>l.::J1 t"~ J

H.

~~ d')".y.J) U Jw ~l>-,) ~) ~~, J~ l.S~1 f' :JW J\iSo ,,: c. 1#

~~ ~ ~I>-" t::" ~L...4Aj ~ ~lk ~I Wli ~..? )1 ~.,k. .'J:!J.A.j ~~ U:2.A.» C7~ ~JJ' ~~, ~j) ~yOl ~~ ~ ~ I?)1)

.(\) ~ r-W' ~j.J'

~) ~ ~~, Jl JW) eLi~ .w. f :~LI : ~)..r-il\ J~

:.# ~I iLo~1 J\i ~~l>-JJ\ ~~) ~."......; Jl ~ ~~l>-,)

• (T) d')~I~~ ~ ~l...4::.l1 ~UI )t;:. ~l>-.>J~ ,)\)'

~i W\i ~~..? )i~.,k ~\ d')".y.J) U Jw, :JW oJ})

~~, ,-:?i (W\i) 4J?~ )i ~lk l.SyO~ ~\ ,-:?i ~~lk() . . ..

. ,.. yOjlJ~~ ,-:?\ ~lk ~\ e:)~')

. , ,

~ Jlkl :~~ JW JJ\ J\i :~ JJ\ ~) lJ"L:s ~\ Jli•• •

l!J~ ~.r>\) l!J)\i\~:~)~ JUJ ~~~) l!J~J

( ) .. . ~

• L ~lk l!JyO\ ~\ W\i ~ 4J?)l5' J\ ~lk l!J )lJ

.(H,"/1\)~ (\)

.(TOV/,.) P .:r.1~c:IJ (T)

.~i.J l::.iI5'J ~I ~,~ I.d ~ 4:-!~ .11) JW ",i Iii :J~I ",:-,,"L...o J~ (,.)

~ ,j' ':"'IJJ.wl .J ~JJ.i ;i f.~ .......;JIJ t llall J"':/I J"i ~ .lJJ Ii! ~I J-""UI

.J~ (HA/L) J~Ipi .~i h:...,,~ Ji y\k>.

. ~p4l1 ~I ).:1 . j" (n"/ \0 )~p.I.)I..,Al\ r~~ t"~1 C:'J (L)

\0

, (\)~iJ r¥'~ 'ii ~~I.,......,cr ~l..;U.i' :JW 4.J.,i ~J

~ ~IJ ,4:..a t."AJIJ ~li! YA li! ~~I ~L..Ai : 'ijl)I ;.-.AJI J~

~~lk, Jli~~I~ ~~I J!~.J!. wi j~ ~~L.;W' 4.J';

~ i;-A.-~i~ w~wi j~J ~~Jl> J;i j~i, o~J, . .

~ yUIJ ,Jl:L1 ~ ~J->I wI ~I ~ J..,......AJIJ ~I.,............

,(T)~I

~~ JS" ~ ~ '-5i~LA.r'i~~ JS" ~ u>"JiJ , :JW 4.J.,i ~J, (T')~~

:~I~! ~~I J$. ~l:-~I J~

~I YAJ ~~I ~~I ~ wl>JJI~ ~~I w! rW' J~ II

• • •c::JI ~I.".-JIJ '~J'1IJ ~~I 4:i ~~ ~I ~I~I JI ,~~I

~I~I JI';~I~) ~ ~ ~4~1 ;r ~ ~ \A.?~ ~JJ ~I. - .~~ ~IJ ~ ~ ~'11 ~ ~J.,s-.lll ~ -,=,,1 WIJ ,4.iJ~1 oJL:-J1 ~I

~..,...S::J ~I~~ ~ J.5 J~I ~.ilJ1 ~)I ~.,J~I•• •

~J'11 ~lS' wI ~J ~I ~)I ~.lIb ~IJ ,~Ir-J' o.llb&. ,_ c

~l~;1 '-i1~J'1I~lwl ~ f'1 IJ '(-..w~ ~ '-it 4iYf. (1) (f (-..wI ~;S-

. (1AA/V) iJl.:> l,).'J ~I .r--:JIJ (no/ \0)~~I (\)

....;~ (\ 'A/rV) lijl)l.;...aJ ~I ~I ~I) (T)

.('1/n)li;.J.:JI~~,))JLo~(T')

. l,).,.,..!1 ~I ;I,) . .J" 0 ~..r' I ~I .j~IJ iJi~11 ~l.:S' ):ij' (1)

"

" c, c c c

<slIl r-"wl J>b lu ~-ii Ao"lo ~..,.I JJI ~~IJ ~J':JI ~l;.j

r-"wl ~ J>I,) ~llIl ~1)~ii':Jl (f ~I ~~ ( ,~...;.r ~~I~ 01 L.#- 0lSJ Hydrogen Ions~JJ~I jl$.~

•~IJ ill.,:ll ~ ~IJ~':JI(f ll...a::ll a I JI o..1A ~ ~J':JI

• •o ~~I rl~IJ ~I~ ~ ~~ lr. ~I

•(f ':JJ "'!~ ~ (f JkYI ~4 ':J <slIl ~jJJl "'!l:S" ~ JW Ju

: 4.i1>

LiiJ L;iL$ ~J~IJ ~I~I 0i IJ..,...AS" ~jJl .r!. rJi,

~ \::j\S" 'ii ~lA;J \::j\S", JW 4.J~ ,)~IJ el) ~ ~l:.A;,Aj

o eT)o~ 'ii J:AJI ~J'! ~ : J.,AJI ~~ (fJ ,~~ i..k>IJ

,."...klLt ~~I \ °ii-p' ,~--o 04" L..::;\S" J~ :~rill ~ Ju

o (T') ~~~ ~J~IJ

;i '.J~ 0i <\.its.,,:....uJ ill> ~ J WJ 4.i~ J;L1 ;;- (fJ

• (,. 0 /n ) A::-i'J\ (,)

~~I j. O:!.,::U ~.;;J\ ~~, .J r\f.i:..'lIIJ .(' i./w) ",~I )iiI .•wJ .i.;oll J~ ~j5 (T)

~IJ' .\.,.~ ~.itl J..Ui 4~p.. ~}~'J ':"IJ~I ~IS' :'~\:;jJ ~I J\iJ .al.itl ~

.(T""/") ~.)JI~

.( ,o/w) "'~\,),;# J\::io.1\ cSi)\ y" l.aJ (,.)

\V

~ ~lA..r. J,)iJ~,) ~i :UJ uU~l t yi ~ ~ L..>-IJ 0J..wl

~ l;!..1:L.; \J..>- Q. .. r'

~ ~I ~ ,-?,)UI tWI ~i ~\Jl Q~ JL,uJ ~l>..;- .JJI ~ .A.i\J

tWI ~iJ ~ ~ ( ~J ~ J..>-\Ji i~ JJ> ..u ~I}~IJ ul.,.-JI

~ J.l> ~ ~ ~UI ~ J ~J ~oJ..>-IJ ~ J# ~i ,-?,)UI

~\J\ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~Ul ~ ~J' :JL,u.ujiJ ~ ~l:>~1

. (I) o..r=.~ o:U ~J

JjiJ ~! t~lul~ d:'}~I.J ~ L:)I ul~ ~\c-lIJ ~ : JL,u Ju

• (r) ~J~~ y'b l,.,J~

~ J~ ,-?jJl )J~ JL,uJ ~~ ~i ..uJ ~ yb.l\ y'b L:)IJ

,y- )J~ ~ ~l JplJ t~l ul~ d:'J~\ ~ J~J ~\c-ll

~~-"",,,)I ~I)I J1'~1 ~J ~~I Jd-I ~~ ~T.;JI ~i ~u~1

~ ~J .~Jiyb Ji ~J"':f ~~ ~ ~ ~?I 1:U ~iJ" ,,_ c.

l,., ~J~ ~\c-ll t~J! y'bJ ~I r.:~1 ~I.;JI ~! )~I ~,) ~fVl

,-?jJ\ Water Vapour ~Ul J~ ~ ~J~l u~IJ J~l ~ ~•J&- oJ'!';' Jlbl J!~~ ~~~I ~ts::.:ll ~I ~ ~~

'~J~I o~1~ ~ o)l;.;:.., ~

. J., .~~ L.J ,.,., vP • .uo-i~ jl:;..~ ! ~.;f~l ,j 4:i.,sJ1 ':"4~ ~I ~I n ):iiI (,)

.~~1 . ...;.;L.J.I .;b

.L-.,.....:ll .r--:JIJ (\ ./r.) ~~IJ (n/T'·) 1i~1 ~I.J (IY • II/A') J.;LbJI (Y)

• ~~)I .:"Ij .~IJ,.)&11~ yl".".,J1 J" 4:sJ.):t11 J" ~)I :.,..l:s .j!1 JIi . ( 101/A)

'A

~lS"J 'r4i 4::- ~ t.i'}'lIJ ~I.,.-JI J.1;- ~lIi y1l' :JW Jlj

~i :~~L..4J1 ~I J~ (')~~~i ~i r~ ~UI ~ ~y. .. " "".JY'~I ~ yWI ~UI ~J , l:-i..ul r41 ,JA r41 4::- JI..u.o ~ 4Al>

o (y) r4i 4::- ~ ltll> ~I~ ~~~I J.1;- ~ J.)lAJleU~1 ~~

J-:.i~~ Ul$ ~UIJ ~~I ~i ~ J.l.) ~rJl ~~I ~J

o (,.) t.i'J'iIJ ~I.,.-JI

•4::- ~ ~ LoJ t.i'J~IJ ~I.,.-JI JWJ 4..i~ J=l-I J.1;- .illJ

, .:JWJ 4..i~.JJ1~Y~;,JAJ ~UI ~l~:' JJ~ (~ r41

. .'o~~J ~I Lo JS' ~ ~~I ~I :~ .JJI~J V"'~ l.i'!1 Jlj

IcS" ~IJ ",:-!..,.AJI ~~I J~I ~~ JS' ~J j-=.; ~~IJ•

o ~I J!.~ ~ (~yJl) 4-l5" ~I

.~IJ'" ~J 1.,sJ! .!JJi ~.,JJ 'r~ JS" ,)~, Jj) ~.; :',)\:i JIiJ .)ai ()ai •

.# ~I ~ ~I) . .:.1iJ1 If ~I~I >J!J :lJ"'~ ~I JIi ~t........,.JI':'li"';}lIIJ~

....;~ (1'."/1)

,(V/"),)>J!J (,)

.( 'oT'/H) J L..II '. 1.:.:1 (T)_ .Yo ..r:-- .;-.(T'''o/T) l$'pjll"';~~I) (T')

ss Co:'

4-:s ~J 04';;\ ( ~I tf I~~ ~l5'" ~)~\ 01 0~y~1 ~1clJ'

J iJ-tu ~ I ~ i~ ...,~~, A ,I. I .. ~ I.k 4....> l> IAI" N' )J N N • ( ~ ) N') U-.JA'!

~~ ~J O~ .)\.,.. ~~i ~ '-?~ ,~ 0.;5 ~L..4AJ'- .\~J).)R ~ ~L..4AJ\ ~ ~f1 0)';> c? oJ';IJ 4';N'"5 0# ~Ij~

(,) '"I~J)

. .~ ~.))J ~I ~I ~~ o.lA ~)~I ~R~ ~~, ..uJ

~}~\ ;~I Ji ~)~\ O.)J..r. i-li ~J~i-~i 4:-~~~1 01.;.11

~I· ~, il·· .. ~~o~i ~~I·~I.::,j~ '"tS:;• ""rA ~ ~I"' N ...r;J N )~..r.r

•~ yo,r l) .>s)IJ J.r.JI ~ fli J:4 ~)~I ~ ~I wlp11

. (")~~IJ )lr~IJ )~\ ~~ ~I~ tf~~ ykil

.Io.i~ (w~) a~1 j~~IJ 0i ,}J11 ~I; (,)

,~';"I 0,=11 ~ 0p.;J ,~;"JI J~ J~ ."..:11 )-11 .Le ~ .::..~ ~~ "uJ (T)

~,.~~I CEP.' ~~ "u .U4 i;,.J. ~;~I 0.;:,11 V:-J ;l...# ol"..~, o~ J.,Ju ;1."..:..4J

.;;PJ' .1..iaAJ' ~ ~\.... ~ ~Le 41::S"~ cY ~;~I":";IS" (

y.

1$ _ c ,

I\iJj-r ~ ~ ~Wll' ~y~ ~)~I JWJ dj~ .JJI J1>~Y f ,djlk~J djl:=L ~~I tl:..lIJ 4' ... "J ,yPIJ JS'U~

.~IJ-" C7'~ ~! \+.:-I! ,M.,J ~~\ J! dj)"U

J! 1.>.,:-1 f~ ~)~I ~ L. fJ J1> '-5jJl ~ ~ :JW J\i

. (,)~~ ~~ ~ ~J ,~IJ-" C7' ~I~ ~~I. ..

~I ~IJ~~ ~)I - ~ ~~ _yl~1 ~ ~JJJL:LI J\i

J» )J'); ~I 4. ,A" ~~ ~WI o)::--JI ~I~I ~I)I~

.~I

\ . C .

~ 4.:... ~) _ 6;S..JJ1 ~) o~ J..$. rL.~1 '-5 1)1 I~ ~J "uJ

• (T) ~)~I ~~ \r. ~) ~) ~J ~ll.>i)J _ ~I

c c c c

~I J.,.A ~~ ~ ~.i.o ~I ~Jt ~ ~~ ~I J.i.'JJ ~J• •

IJ.A~ ~I ~ ~J5 ,~IJ if~ ~ ~ 4.:..0 '-5 1~ ~)~•

~! ~I ~~):J (f ~):J J!~ ~ ~I)~ ~I) :J.r:- )~I

~I)U~IJ 4 .,1...11 ~WI ~ ~:J)J "uJ .~~I~ j...4i1 I~!. - ' - -:J.r:- ~ rJ ~ It:s- ~.",...; o~~ .t!- fl)1 ~~I oll ~~I

•~~ o.}'!.-»; .t!- \r~ lP~ Ji ~:J~

~ ,-,tAl .JJ) eJ ~ )i e~ Q jJ ;W~ iJlS" ~ J! iJ! .J:i .("'1") i.}.:J1 (,)

.( t.n/, ) iJ'=':Jl eo~ J) ~~ J)~i IS;.J.lI lSi; ~I; .~ IS.,:....I) ," IS":"'"

. JI-:.ll )i ~I eo Jil.,:.o ~ lAti Jl-~ lSi; I.:u.) (,.)

• •YJ 4Wl.. ~J\I\ ~l5'" l.o~ ~J\l1 :r ~I..u ..,-iJ1 01 J:i

•~J\I I 0'pI yJ-~~ ..,-iJ1 yJ- ,:> l5'"~ 1)1 ~ \I}\ J; r:-=

• • •& "uJ . OJ'" Ar ..,-iJ1:r JZI ~J\lIJ 4~J ~.,r.; ~I~ l.o..>..:s... .& ~J\l1 ):Lj ~J 4~ r1·,··· 4jL- ~JI if ..,-iJ1 ~

.~ A••• :r lyi. ~

.~ J \II ):Lj tJ if~ ~~ ..,-iJI ):LjJ• q

J~\l1 4 01"';': J4J ~uJJ ~\J'"""!J u~.,.9 yo-AJ~ ~y.J•

..,-iJ1 01 J1 1.*' ~\c1J1 ~ .wL;, ~J'" ~ ~J 4u~I)

."'~~ yl.,,>J~ ~J 4 ~I~ ~ ~y. \I ~ ~UI:r frI ~ c .R

4~J\II J~ ..,-iJI JJ~J 4..,-iJ1~ ~ \~ ~J\II 4.S.}J

J~ JJJ...! ..,-iJ1 ~~J ~I J~J 4-Q.j J~ JJJ:J ~}'~I)

. ..1.>IJ 0\ J ~}~I J~J 4.-ii

4 r-W1 ~jJJl ..r.~ ~~ 4 ~ ~ 4.$.J!. ~IJ ~ : JL,u Jlj

• (I) ~r-J.i11 0~.rJl5'" ~~ ~ Jj~ oljJ~ ..,-iJI)

4~lS' Jj~ O~ ..,-iJIJ :~rA.l1 J~ ~ .4:\11 ~J

~ i)L. J'~ lJ~ ~J ;I} ~ ~i4f~.;:.-~~~). .uJ .(n ,rA/r,) ~ (I)

.( nt/r).;:::s .:r.1~ ~1; . ...,A.i.; ~J;.J~ ,i;lrJ

•~, ~l:J1 4k~1 JI ~.,.tll J.:uJl.S'~ ,.j> ~J ~~ ~J

. (')L.,a... ~")~J ~~ ~>.""lt ~WI Ji J.,d--I~ Jys:

(J~I) '.J~ F' JJi.rAJ1 '.Ji Jt ~I ~~ ~,..uJ• •

((JJ':J\ ~j\JI) Jl~ ~41 ~ ~ (,~~':JJ o..)y J~':J. ~

t>:-':J\ ~ (~~I ~;JI) Jt J~ ( F\.k....J (l..)~) ~

.~\J.) \~J 'FI.;..1 J~I ~ '.J~ (,~l:J1

• c. _ c.

4) ~J ,o..)~1 ~L.~\ ..l>1 '.J~ ~ '.J\~ ,J...£ ':JJ

~I;.-t\ o.u :r ..l>IJ J5:.l lit .;..\II ~ ~ '.Ji ~..l>i ..)J~

. <l.i)b Js- e:A ~ ~ J:-1. )..\.4J ~ ~l> ~

~L. J=.UI ':JJ .rAJ1 ~..).).j '.Ji Lb~ ~\ ':J ~ : JL,u J~

. (")~'.J~ ~ ~ ~J' ..)4JI

':J .rAJIJ u--:JI :r -ys. '.Ji ~.r=J1 ~\I I :r .k..' ~ ! l.!lllS'~ c. ~

..)\..\.4 ,-?jlJo! ~.:ul 0)..\.4 ~. '-?A ~ % '.J':J ,J6; ~ '.J~

. ~-ys ~ '.Ji L.li~ J ,J...£ ':JJ '?\II

~ J5'J ~ : JL,u .u>'J ,4!:o~ J:.9 ~~ ,..)4J1 J:lli ~~ ':J J

ci.)J '-.,A;;J -~~ .-r>i - ..,..All ~ Jl...i; 4.i~ ~I ~ -UJ 0 ~lSJI ~ ,j~ rJl,j'l (,)

).,..Jri:.. ~'l ......~I,jW ~I) o(...l..AJ1,j~~~ o...:.s- ;s .>.,.jJ 'rWI ~ .rE.ji ........

o ( ,., ,,.. I' 0 ) ~.;.JI J ( i In) 1.$;JaJ1 ;::-AJ J 0 ( , 0if \V )

( 1 • In ) '-'~ (,.)

. (,) ,)~J ,)J~ r~IJ ..,.,AJIJ~I~ ~,)~~

H J\,UJ ~b..:- JlI (f i~.a; ,)lS' \i1 Jj\:...o ..,.,AJI ~.a;J

J~IJ ~J..u4 ~I ~ 4.JS'~ liA ,yw..IJ ~I ~JS.V"'\;j1

• (T) 01.;-31 4SJ..r: 4S JJ1 ..,.,AJI JYJ , ~~Ij

Jj\:...o oJ~J iJy ..,.,AJIJ ~~ ~I~ 4S JJ1 .Jib ~ : JW Jli

~4~I~ J:L4 ~1 ~~ JlI J1> L. yw..IJ ~I ~JS. I~

~ J~~~ ~Jj\:...o oJ~J~ J\,U 4J;J. (r) ~,)~ r.,AJ

~J ,~ ~ ~.? WJ.rsJ ~lt ~J 'r~1 (f ~.? 4.l.:J• (1) ~J.r.JI JjL:J.1 o..u. -

~..u ~U Ai)> 4.JS' ~lA.;LI C..r.J 'rWJ1 ~I ~~I o.lA (fJ• •. c

OJI.)..1 4.:..A~~ ~I ,)1 ~J ~I ~~J 4:">~ ~• (0) r~I )L... wG .Jib ~ ~~Ij

0L..:-:J' t""4J (T'T'I' 0) i-;.i.U 0'.rll1 rLS:.>~ t""~'J (" 'IT') ~~, 0W ~IJ (,

.(", IT') ~y'1..&U # iJ!1~J (vITT')

·iSJ'-u~ e: ~ ~ 0~ iJ!,)JI :olrJl (,

.(o/'·)~y- (T'

r'~~1 0W~1 -J.J"'! I~J ~r'~~IJ J~' -JjU .",.All 0IJJ~J r4~' -JjU ~~ (1

'r4~'J .J~IJ

;?JJ ~.i~J i.,.; ~ r-ft" ~~ -JJ~ ~IJ ~J~~' ~ r~' ~i ":I' ~I 0~ (0

.~~ .J..:- .j"; fia-o ,).J~ r-:- ~ 0fi::.!~F ,rAJ1

Tf

.. .~1I\ (.;S' ~\~ <Ill \ 0~ ~I~I Js- pa.:J~ ;.!~ "u~J11 01

~ -~ ~J 0~1 ~J IJ."AS" ~lIl,JJJ ~J11 JJ .JibJ ~ I~I

, ..:::: ,

~J ~~ <Ill 1~J ~ 01 4:.S- wl.>..o JlNJ 4,j~ <Ill I 0l5'

~ 0,,-wl ~11)j (')~ ~~i ~~J ~~~ ~J ~o~I~i•

.~) ~ )lASJI Js- ~)~I ~L; ~~ Jl.8-1 I~J ~rtl

'l~ ..ilIJ lfjl."ki ~ ~.a.Q·i ~)'J\ ~~ \,ji IJ..r. t Ji~: JlNJli

. (r) ~yLJ\C!:r .JibJ~~

Co .. Co Co

lfjl."kl ~ ~)~I U"'lA.i1 01 ~.rill ~1.c1J\ ~ ~I) "uJ

Js- c.~~ ~i H .(t) .:lL-:-JIJ ~1.c1J\J ~~\ ~Y ~ ~

.~I

~ ltJ ~~~I t.G ~ ~I0~~I~ )~J

(1) .Li. rt=-

~~rJl ~~I ~~ 0~ ~ ~:JJ.ril1 ~1 ~I Lo I~ ~l5' I:'b

. .!Jt:..J t:.. ,)~I ~ ,;,;.; lSi:~ lS.I.!i I;';'; JI.A:! (,)

.(1'1'T') »)1 (Y)

("lA/t) J'J:...u ;yU~ ~I ~ ;.f:J.I ;"UI ~ ,);J ~ .a~J lJ"'l~ If.I I$i; ~ I.u.J (T')

.( , 'vI' T') IS~ iJl:-:J' t"~ J

.~W\ ~ 1S~1lf..r-il1 t:7' ,x.s. ;~llSi), ~ I.u.J (1)

ro

~~ 1.,.0J "u 6;_ .,....J\~~ ~)..A.l1 ~ .,J .t:-+- \ ~ I).JI 0 i ..>..::

~~jA 0i ~J' ~i ~~I ~~\~ Lb~ ,~~I ~ 4.;~ ~

~IJ ~I .xs ~>r.kJoj "u ~}~\ o~10i ~ ~ "u ~1cW\

• (I) 4--A-i Jj>" LrI~J,) ds.r'~ ~I.r-~\ .h.> .xs

.k-J ¥ ~I ~L:."JIJ uljlAJl ,:r of:'! u~ 0i ~~ "uJ

Jj>" i~ ~~L;L.I J! ~?)I ,)}aJ1 o~ ~ iilk,i\ "u ~~~I o~1•, ~\.r- ~I .b> .xs ~~~\ 0~\ ~~\ ~ .>sL. l.( ~I.r-~I .h.>

.lJ.f--:l-IJ ~~I ,~I J,;s. ~y1 ~J

~ u~IJ 0~' ~! 0i),1 ~ .JA ~i)1 I~ 0l$' I~!J

~ ~I ~WI ~i ~§' ~..r. Ji o,)..r. ~ L;.xs ~ ,~jl)

.~rJ\ ~~I ~J~ ~ (T) ~~~I ~ ~j.>.i

.~~ uWI ~ J:.o ...AJi If-A,; J.,p- ..,;J~I 0 IJJ') ~r ~~ (,)

J! - ~I r+'"J _..;wI r~iJ ~b....J1 ~ ,ijJ ,(.~I 0i ...,AJ1~ -r1y ~i ~ .»OJ (,.)

"JJ I :~hiLl J! ~ ~ 1J"L:s- ~ JJ1..LA:J oCs JJI ~J ~ r\..:Y 1 Ju .w ~L:JI .»0

•.l..J'~~ IJ~ ~ rr~ .~~~~ ~J "~J J~ J~ "'~ .0i ...,AJ4 r+-'~

'IJ"'-~'J 1*'" .)J.A:l i:r..J!- JaN. 0i ...,AJI ~l.u ~ J.,.....J.I •~ .,JI

,.,

• •~ J~\ o~ ~.k.8-\) ~L;\ I~! Jli~1 o~ ~I b.>.,J ~

~1 J:i) ~ loS';>~I ~ ~ J5" ~l.:Ak e i~I> 61 ~~ 4-.c.:ri~ ~) f..ill oJ..u ,:.r ~l> ~ ~~~~ lJ"\;J1 ~J~

: JlN Jli

~J ~~1 ~~ ~~~ ~ tj~ ~ ~~I"jj"4 ~~I ~f~

• (I) ~ ~~.>s::;

~ 4)";' \~1 ~b ~.;-o J.,...z ~ ~~ ~i ~~I ~.;-o)

• (T)~J I~! ~I..ul ~fi)

. . .~,:.r ~ J~I O~) ~Jli~1 o~ J,~\ r~ ~I ~ J.J)

~Lo~ ~j5) ~~)~.;+'J\ ~Lo ~ ~ JlN) 4.i~ ~I_ s 5 - S

..;>~I ~l:>~ ~ ~ ~ J5" ~l:>1 ~~ ~I) ~ ~~ ~\

• •.u) ~I ~ Lo loS.,:;-.o ,:.r ~ I 0,)~ .;+'JI ~ Lo loS.,:;-.o ~ \ ..\.A~I)

~~ ~J J,;S.) J,~,) J,;S. J::JI X if) ~ Li:J1 J,;S.I.l.A b.>.,J

,)')' I : W.fl' ~1 . j" (YVY /1) o~ ~ JlI4.P') # ~I Jli (y •• , '100) .?)1(' )

fiJ .~, fi ~~4 ,)')liJi 4a Ii~' J!~ ~I )~IJ .#IJ ~,~~~,~~~

1i.#alIJ ("Y/W) i-.JJ1 ~l) .~J ~ ~ .J.:-J .uo~ If IiJ~ Y"J ..J'}~l

.(VV/YV)

.( "Y/W) iJi.JJ1 r~~ c:"~' (Y)

rv

•ol:-o Jl o~~ o~ ~.:uJ\ ~I ol:-o ~;.;; ~ ,.b.......f11 ~'11

. 1·~l..>L 1·::I.l.c~ , .'. 1(' Wl\ - 'I"t". . ) "t"". I(t- V- ) ..r""':'

& lolA) ::"1) ~~ lolA c.:r~1 ~f c.?.:u\ Y')~ : JW Jlj

~ ,:r 4....u c.?~ (\) ~iJ~ i.ft-» ~J.-r. ~. ~) '~6:-i

.~I) ~>,I ~ 4~~I~ ~J

iJUt I,":".A"JI : ,":"ljJlJ LAI-) I~! ~1.Llt [,)""i Jli.t. :)~ ~I J~ (OT'IT 0) iJli';'1 (I ~

~') I e11.o Jli.t "lIj •~ .1.0 Jli.t "i)"" 4I&l1i! I$.lll ~"u' -,:!~I :[.~~IJ' ( \~A/T')

.(O-v!1).l:..:=-J\ ~t

~I~J lrl.,Ji~?J~ ~~ J~I ~J~ :JW JLi

. (\) ~~.".....

, .i~1 ~ ,,)1;-31 ~~I ~jJl:~,J)I~) o~ >!I JLi

•~~ J~ y.rJIJ ~I~ ,)."..... J~I ~J :~IJ ,.,r.>liJ r-~

•.~~ ,).".....1 :yljJl ~;s- 4.i.,J ~jJl ,)1;-31

. -~ ~I.,J~I ~jly l.$J!. ~rJl ~~I ~ ~I ~lA..lI. ~x.llJ

• •,,)rJ~ ~J ~~ I~ ~).,lj 4;,)J :i,;h>JI J~I t yl ~y;

• of

.~I.,J~I ~)~?~J oh .b-~J

":-":1'jJ'J ~i,)~ 0,)';" ~ ~J~' ~ lJp.; J""wL'J ~I)-l' ~ :,)4' .(Tv/ro) .)o\i (qi-.;J'~ (AV ~ AVTT) lJ'=':ll c:"~J (vVl) ~Jiw .;r."J y~' lJW )iiI .'-:"':!.} ~

Jt i.,p.- ~I lJlS" lJ!J ~ lJI"J'lII ~I ~I)-l' ~J ~ i~ ~ ,)~, : J~ (T'l T/ H )

. ~'.J

~J !. .. ~J.;S' vi'.J'J1 ~i J~ j>i ~ t ~.} ¥ ~" s . c

~I lr.1~ ~ C-J..u.L1 JI 4-:i ~~l Jf ~I 4.b':J~ ~ ~.:ul

o-U ~ ~Jl;;.l ~yl~ ':J V"'~I ~I"""'J ~lb.-:JI ~J "O.;S' vi'J'J I• c _ _

4J~ ':? ~! J~IJ ~ o? (-.."s:J1 ~1.;J1 ~! J.:- ~I ~I

.: JL,u

J~J 'J4;J1 J&- J:lli J~ ~~ ~J'JIJ ul.,-JI J.l> ~

• (I) ~u--o ~i J! ~~ J5' .rAJIJ ~I J:-J J:lli J&- J~I

J&- J4;J1 ~J 'J4;J1 J&- J:lli~ ~i :~..r.:.ll ~~I ~J

~i o~l;.i 4.f Jyi:lIJ . {r) ~~I J&- V"'L:JJI ~ ~~ <\.its-J 'J:DI

J&- J4:JI~J 'H""; ~~~ o~! 4~_ :.~ J4;J1 J&- J:DI J!.~

~IJ ~I J!.~I ~iJ :o~ >!i JUJ .(r)~ ~~ J:DI

. (l) ~lc-JI J~ VJ

, ( o/n ) ..r')i (I)

. ( I n't/n') ~y'~1 (T)

,~I).) ,J, (no/lo) .:,;i.;J1 r\s:""~ ~L:!-I e-'I) (r)

,( no , nt/I 0) ~.;JIJ ( In'/'fT') .:>L:-:JI !~l.:- e-I.; (l)

~I.J""' ~ ~J' ~J.J'! ~~I ~ ~ ~.i.ll ~)~, :JW Jli

. (,) ~i~ i.r-iJ•

~ tr~ ~J~~~ "uJ ,o):-..JI ~1."sJI Jj\:w. ":t ~J~IJ.4:JLJI )~I

f?UJ ~I J~ )J~ ~I ~L.~I~ ":t ~J~I ~l JJJi (r) ~J.J'! ~~ JS"J . rLJI JI.,1 tr I)J') ~wi ~I Jj\:w. ~J~I. "'l;!)\ 6.-'u l J~I o.a ,)Js,J WI J~ :r ~ ~ Jj\:w.

- .Jl~ O)~l ~ r.:~1 ~lyAJi ,)l!1 "uJ ,~~IJ ~?IJ ,~IJ

~~~\ 4f' ~t:JI 4iLbJ\ ~I~ :r~I :r ~~I ~)I?I 4ilkll

.4l>b ~ ~).i.l\

•J-'b ~J~ J-;s. ~I,j--4L~~I WI~

• lA)..l..,4.o

.(",,/ro) .jUj.l1 (,)

oJ' .,AlIJ Y ~IJ .j\r-L1J ~\J J..- '}'J .ju"~\J .'jy!-IJ )f.\IJ J..:l-' :..,t ? I;.;'}\ C.UJ\ (r)

. .;..~\J .,J.utJ l.$41J

- . - .~I jY ~J jli ~ ,j#J (,ojl:-JI ~~I ~ r+ ~I lr!~1"s=.JIJ . (,)L~I l+s- .J.j.Jt.~I ~ LAjy ,j~ ~1"s=.J1 l-io~J (,4:>li ~ ~jS")1 ~~6}.1 Jy~ ~# ~I Jj> ojl:-JI

•.<s.,,>14:>li ~ ~jS".)I ,),kJ1

• •,j"s:; ,jI ~ ~ ~.,AJ1,j~ 0jl:-JI ~ lo~I o.l.A yoI~~J. - .0."A.' ~J\-. ~I ~~ 0"; <i l (, loll <s.,,>~ ~J\-. ~ J5"

.4a- ,)~~'J ,)~I

<iJ!. lr~ ~.)-I ~I,) ~~I f',) 1.>.Ai ~I ~\ ~J

Jli (, ..~ J5" ~ j')lA.J\ Jl..uJ 4.i~ j,1 ~! ~ ~ Ut yi;-L

• (t) ~r-LJI ~jAl\ .J1,JZ ~~ Ut yi;-L 4SJ!. ~I) ~ : Jl.U. . .c!'".. <s1 J! <iJ!. lr l :~I ;f - JJI U- j - 4._-; ~I J~

.(,.)~.; roj)~ ~~! ~

• •Jj> o)WI rlJl:'"~I) ~~..ul ,jl~.,J~I .. \cWJ ~ -U)

4:-~"; _ ,." J.,WI J"}U.I "r'l:S'~ 'Jj .....1 .Jp.ill (.\-JI ~ .ill ~) pi ("

.r 'Wi

. ( T'A/T'i )~ (,.)

.~ .Jb . J., (,.vI' 0) ~,jJJ tJi~ r~~ t"~IJ T'iO IJ'" tJi~1 ~~~ (T')

T'y

I~Jl.,&.., IoU J ..u ~ i~ l::.,~ ~ 4-A.:J L'A 1< .b.=,,-AII"'If' •• ) ..)J. ..;:;- . ~ u-' ..~

.~I

.J i;.o # v·· yi & ~r L~I ~~I oh lS.J!.J..

. IfY ~1 ~I :4ii.ii..LI oh Jl ~~L:JI ~ rJ (, o~I."J1 ~~I

~;.J :~~I oh.;::-A;,.j - 4;,S. JlI ~J -.# ~I il.A~1 Jli

~ JibJ ~~I lA.;i:-o ,,1)1 ~i ~~i :~~; ~U.,;:-l' JL,u

~i lSJ..ui J~ 4i 4» :Jli -* ~I ~~ d'}~I ~ II ~.rJ1. .~~~.:u tr~ :Jli (,~I ~J""'JJ..ilI:~«~I yjU

lA.r.-~ Jib .,;:-l4 ,,1)1 ~i :~~IJ . (\) ~~I «.. ~.rJI ~

Ih ~J J~J (,~f ~J (,lA.r.-~~ Ll:AJi i.J!.• (y) ~\S. J! rWI

(, ~~I ~ ~~I ~ JibJ ~#I ~i 4.£~1 ~~I If "lA:-11J. .. ..Jj> trlJJ" ~J d'J~I ~J~ ~ 4; ~" J~ .J!#I IhJ

.~

. ... ...~IJ (, l:w...;;~I ~J~ d'J~I ~I ~j .,u.I JP..ul~'" "uJ

Jl ~I~~I..b> xs. If ~ ~." \)S"' ~J..u ~~ o~1 oh P• • • • • •

d'J~I ~I lSI lJ~I ~ JI (,J~I ~ (,d'J~I ~ If ~I

.~,.j liJl>..:J' olJJ c::=-'~..\> (\)

'J ~~fi- 'JJ J'} 'J cSi~u..;:.... 'J~~i "IS} ..uJ.( ",./,.~ # c:r.'~ C:'J (T)

.~.ul~' \rIJJ') ~ lfiJ"! ~~ 'JJ .lr-P-! .))1: 'JJ JP

. .rJ::J' 4} oJ..>IJ 0.",.0 lAJy Jj>J It-A-i Jj> JJ.)j ~J~'J

. - -4J!.?J CiJ~' ~ L.~ JfJ'J 'JY Jl+J' ~ ~~ 'J..>I.,J'

.4s.L..

4 .AiJ' : r--I.r.! .~ ~ JliJ .~~~ AO "" '"j ~i JP.LlJ .~l ~ .ill ~ (,)

""J~ la'»';J.Li.::-i \-~ ~'r~ ~i .I,WI ISJ'J ~I.~":IIJ~1.."J~

"1

~ (,) ~ ~b..) ~~ ~ ~}~IJ' : r-.}J\ ~l:5 ~ JW Jli- .

e;kJ~ \~J ~liy\>..il ~ ~J ~~J ~J..o ( ~ ~J~\

~\ ~ ~jl)1 ~I ~L.~I Jli "uJ ,~}~I4.J..J..;5~ ~J~ ~

JWJ 6..ib.-.-.il1 01 ( ~I o.}JlS" ~Ji ~}~I ~lS" I) : ~\•

~ 6..i1 .)1)1 J .k-:JI .).r;- (~b..)) ~ ~J ~J ~J.,o

.ill b..) :~lIV"'ylAJ\ ~~ JliJ (T) «( ~1.,i~1 ~~ ~ ~• •

~~\ ~.)J ,~I lSy.)IJ~ Iy.) ~b.~J ~y~ ~ J ~ I

• (,.) «(~ l:>.) ob..)i

~rJ ~ ~JJ\ ~J. (1)~~ ~b..) J~ ~\ rJJJ~ ~jJIJ ,~\ 0..r.!..c:-. ~J ~lA:J\ ~ ~ V"'ylAJ1~~

0..r.!..c:-. ~ LC1 )2.:.1\ .)~ li~lj1 ~r:1\ ~J~\ o~ 0i o..;5~

. JJI 0b.-.- ~lS"

.("./v,) v~jl:J1 (\)

.( 1A/'" ) ISj')1 .;-.t.U ~, ~'~') (y)

.r "oy ~ ~\; J. .....~ ..;;-' . J. ( T'Y V 1 ) 1S.)~i jJ~ .k:-ll •.,-.,,,,WI)ai1 (,,)

. (YA. I') ~;oI' .iWJ (y. YIY· ) ~."w .ii.;&' r~~ t'~l ~I) (1)

,",0

t

c..-,~

~~

b

(I

~~

CGr

\0

,[.{\~-'(\

~~~

~~'r\1-\

1~

# t'"'#\

s\

.- ,en~. ~ en 't. t.:~·r[fc...~ ~ ~ 1.. 1-

\ \e... \0 fDl.· c.. .1:-' s;- ~

t \0 1• '.s;:-:t .. i ;;:-.- f " \0 ,tc.. ~ f=~

~·1· ~ \r,. '~IS: (' ~. ~ (It. tr ~. \. i .- \0. _. ~ tI

(I co 18.-

.y ~~·.t 't:,'" r. ,t 'to ~r:. _ _, ("\.. \0 ... \0 I

'!-.... (;... 0 C

.(;... :f [ 't.., .r'b· " f ,.. t .~E l \0 _

. ~:"1 r· c.. c-.~~. -I ~'1.. - -c... ~ ,'>.'~ ~~ ~.. - fA· ,,- 1E ~, ~ .(;...\0 e,

Ol.t ~

~ .F f-t ~ ~~ 'Co.. ""l­

- c. t=;t: ~ ~l k ';- r c..

:~' ~ 1~ ~' -~~ ~£ - -- .t' 'Co..(I ~,

1· c c-. 1· )..[. ~ ~ -.. ".. - " ~~. 1: t v Ci- 5'\ c.. ~ £. ~ il£1 ..... ., e:..-- .;:::, ~ 't.., 0

~ -.: ~c. .t', 'Co.. ,.01 • \0

'~ ~ ~ '0" .t~1 ~__ k ~

~

­.--\.1\

...1 (I

1:.~).1:

"-.'f [[:"~

"~c.. -l't, -r.t -"~ l'., "1

"r . .-~ 0

.to -

~~~ ~

~ t.t 'c:.- ""!' "... ~t .,

't.. ~

t~1-';::-.-"l.."_ "1

't.. ~

'"1...

- So _ _ So

41) ~Lo.M.I' 4-:.i Jli ~, ~I~' ~4':J1 ~I ~L:J' ~ ~

'".~, ~~, If 4-:.i ~I O~~! ~ ':J 4~

•6..tt::..o If l:..oA ~I ~! (,~ J'~ J (,~ ~W ~ ~, '~J

So & _ _ c.

rW' 0 rLoI J~I~ ~, ~ ")\..;z.j (, r.:~' ~I~I ~ ..r.~\J ~l;j'

J~I If ':J~ (, ~.r:J1 ~! ~I l.$.lll l:!rJ1 ).,k;JIJ r:'W'

If V"'l:J1~p ~I ~I ~I ~I~\ ~1)l;':J' ~J ~ ~~I

. 4o.Q- 1I o~~1

0\.5"' ,-?.ll' ~I J.A:-l' J! o~ o)l;! ~)l;i 6..£~1 ~~I o~J

)\;..JI 1~1J~ :JW Jli ~ J~I ~ i.ras- ~I~I~? .ras- ~l+s~J )\;..JI ~~ ~l;- Lo~ ~I ~~I ~J (\)~~

~ u..r.S-J ~pa.J1 ~u~· llJ ~I),=-.JIJ ~1)kil'J ~1;11.l~

. ~~I"i\ JL..J

tV

~\.,r-:.L:JIJ ,,~ ~~L,Jli 4 lif ~jL.jllJ~ : JW Jl.i". , III''' :s :::

4.JJ JSy Li1 41 j .).; JI IJ,}s 4 \.}"~ ~l:-llili 4 l.i) ~l.i)illi 4\~

• el) ~~Iy

.: ,. -= c._

• ~J~ ~ l.r.-f li~I4.JJr.A.l1~\ JJ~I ~I ~~~\ ~

~~ U~ 4.JJ..,...>IJ 4C~)\ ~ ~ ~ ~\).JI ~.. .

'-Sj:>: ~I ~ 4~~ ~ ~IJ J..:: t '-S.r.1J' .J!..Y:' ~I ~J 4 ~")lll•• •

~\.,r-:.l:J1 ~ #~IJ C~)I lr l ~~WIJ ~jL..;l\ ~ #~I :Jl.i

: '-Sjl)\ ~I .}"~ Ic5" 4.JJ.,r-il1 Jl.i . ~")lll lri ~l.i).ilIJ

rill J..u 4J~ ~~ 4 ~~i ~ JWJ ol,j~ J;L\ r-ii.~ r-U14.Jl=J ~ iQ..,;J 4~

J:i,) ~J lAJ (r10/t-) '-Sjl)1~ ~\ ~I ~IJ

~~ ~4·.J \.IJ CJ.} ~J J~I4s.~ ~L;ll ~?I ~1;L6lJ'" . '"

• ~~ loA lA...as- t..r l:J1 I!J;';J~ l5" O.r..u \

~IJ;j~~! r-- J:i ~j.j"J .~l::;.. : i.;~ .U::~I :"':;"')L.)I .(V. I/vv) "':;"')L.)I eI)

~;ill .;5j ~ ....; JJO-l4 l.$i "";.,.,...J4 .:....l-) :J~J (1.'''1A) ..;l::> y.~ ~I ~I c::- I)

IS~I ~ ~I) .i.rb-ll t~)I..r' :"':;"I~L:JIJ .t~)1 :...:;.,~L....II .( 10'1")

.:rU'.jl1 U::~I : i.;5j ...:;.,1.:-All1 .jJ.~IJ ~I ~ J"';'; Jy.; U::~I :...:;.,I:i}AJIJ (H 'In)

. i.::--.}J ~.} : i)..i..i Ji i)~ •.ill .\.:-:-iiJ! ..r.,)1

T'A

~

(.l) I~~J (\./0\.)'

( \) ,/} .>-l~ • Ii'l~ lrr" r 1rf"1c:' I "f' lr:1o;-" Ir'"f!' """ A\ (., ;"'-"l .

'"I~I~ rr: ~ I"r<r ~C' f..p I"mJ , '"IrflC"j~ I~~• •

rr: r '-- -aI).. ..~ t ~""(.l)!1r ~r: ~~ ~ ImC'r ~ te:~~~I~ rr: f~ t'"

1r:1,..f"l, '"~e: r I~r"' '"I~.<S"'~ '"I~~~ .

~ 1;1' " ~ ~ '"" ~ I~ ~ f ~C' rf~ io:f"r• •

I'rc:f~, '"!:f"r~~ I"f~f ~ rJ: Ir.>=lr '"I~1' '"1l~'O"" ~ {"!1-viC' t':' If ~ '"~ I"If1r '"11"5'e: I"..~ it<--i1r ;, f""'ror 0 1["1'" '" I'"!

'"r If.l~ !i~ rrf'l7'~ I~rl~ '"!Tft1 ~ I¥C' '"~ -frrrJ r•

I~cn' ~ ~.'l?' r ~1il .51~' '"~r.' 1r:1,..f"l .51~r msr• •

'"~ ~ C'ff' rrenfl~ If~ 1"fY'~~ <'".51~' '"~

¥r Irr .s::'"r ~~ Irrt':' ~~ (\) r~ It"fO I~"~: '"It"fl

I~' '"in ~ ~Ir.:~'"m I~'

'"-r: r!~ Ie: ';.(~ r I,,~r It"fl I~ I~ r ~~•

m7 IMf' \~ I'" ~rc:"" It"fl I(I~''. .(."'"r \r.f"Ie: Ir.s'~ , ;.::,- 1;1' " ';.(.<yo C'rr ~ rr: ..tf It"f 0 I""~ ~-. -'"I~I~ I~ Im""f! rr: I~fl~ ie: .51::' -fr .-vt'"'"f! '"r:"

• ."Ow+, I~C' Il-=~{~ \..e"l?' r ~~ , fie: .51::' It"fO I~fl~

mC'~ It"fO I""~ Ir:f"~ sf 1:'"i1lmr-'l~In"'-~ Irf'. - .

. i~"kjo.r.>.:.i ~~! ,)~I ~ ."..J.r--:JI ~J ~)'-il ~

. «J.1UI ;r.J~ n

:ylk> c~ )~..u~'\J,)~ {

Ii! ~,. :4,j~ &L1J.,i r-..,s:J1 wl.;J1 ~ ~ L. ~.i ~ Jc C c l. (

lAl;I ~ WJ),)u til ~l ~J ,~jIJ ~fj v-Pj'JJ ~i>-\

.(\) ~c..r-o'l~ ~ rwls- i~ lA~ i)r ) ~ L;.J"I

~)111 Jl:.iIlJ . (T) ~)111 Jl:.iIl ~ 4"J,u ~'l,) J"kj ~\JI t~

. ) .• ..uIJ ~~IJ r..ul ~l.u.y ~

~ : ~IA1IJ 'lJ"""\.j~ i.J'"~ ~ ~ 1Jis"~ ~lJ"""\.j~ .;.; ~ 1Jis"t JL.u ~.,; (1'f./' . ) orY- (\)

..u ..:....ii.l ~ ..:.,j..lS •c i IJ~l. .::.-;S. J li... ...:.;.,.,. j '"-- 1'W': J "W\- • "l!' • _ - "" ..r- ~ ,

. \"..r' ~L!l (T)

f. •

- .~l,blJ ,~,)I)I ~I JL..J~I j~J '0rl~ f-..,s:J1 ~I.;JI ~

:l .oWI ~I~I o.L.A .~.H~I ~I jl.A.1;jIJ JljJ.::.l1 ~I• •\11 ~W~I ol::>- J )~I 4.l~I Jf J.>.A.l1 4Clw•.1z.,J1 )~I o~I

- • - s

.o~I J Q..f>J 4\;; ~ ~L..I I~..r:- ~I

• C') '" J..Ju ~\S:.-. ~L ~ . j,A" }..: JW Jl.i"( . . ,y .. . jJ .J T

l'

~ j "uJ ,~~I 0.;AJ1 ~ J}~I ~I ~ oJ.:u1 ~ Q :'~5'1 Uc c c c

u~.i=':" 4f~ ~ ~I o.)UI ~1.i=':"1 ~I \i I ~L.:.;5"1 JJI ,,~\

.ul.)~>lI~ .)~Yl J ~~ ~i ~ ~ ~i.. ... ..

oJ.:u1 o..u 0iJ ,oJ.:u1~ ~i 41 0i ~ (....$JI 01jiJ\ .:,$Jc r. c c

.~ ~I ~I.i=':"l J! I~ 01 ~I ~ lAJJ~

,J;J~I ~ ~J ul.,.-JI ~ oJ~ J~ 4;s. ~fi ~, ;JlN J~

• (I)~~ ~\.:S ~! .r.5"i ~J ..;JJ~ ~ ~i ~J

~ ~J J;J~I ~ 0J~ J~ ~ ~J 4f ~fi LoJ ,;~i J~J

• (T) ~ ~~I

I -

Atoms ulJ.lH ~I ~~~I ~I Lo~ ~ l..u ~ "uJ

uL;J~~IJ Protons uL;"";J..r.J' "':t ~ ~i ~~.) ,:r ~~

~~, ~I 4-"... ~liYJ..r.JIJ Neutrons uliJ';~IJ Electrons

~ Ne.gative ~.".....s:JI ~ .~, ~L- ~liJ~~1 4?JJ Positive

~ ~jl~'~ Js- J~ I.lAJ . Neutral ~l 4hlw ~liJ';~'• .... c

~, ~L.U ~J , ~L.. J~ ~I ~.,....u ~ ~ ~! ulJ~)11 tl:J:'

.(T'/T'1)~ (\)

. ..-.u1J u...u~i..t'-llll~1 a.:J~ i,).iJ1 .l-.Mll~ .liJ (, \j\.) ~J! (y)

1Y

.,;:.-1\ ~I ~.rll J.)L,d.1 ~ jJ:. I!JI~J 1.iA 0!J ~ ~y ~1jJ:.

,f ~ ~iJ~ :Jw Jli .o~ y~~1 ~J YJ~\ ~ ~~I

. JWJ 4.i~ ..ill ..r.~ ~.? ~i (\) ~~Jjy ,.~ J$"

~IJ~ ~.:w-J Uranium r~\Jr:l1 ~IJ~ ~i ~ ~ ..uJ'" ..

~ ~ ( ~\~ ~ ~.)\ J! \~J ~ Radium r jJ:..)I)1

~~J ~I.,> ~ j5:.l. (\') t yi ~~~ ~-* ~ls-~iJ~~

.~ls-~~I o.iA ~~ ~L.IJ.) ~li ..uJ f.S?~1 if~

.( "/\0) pi (\)wi~ ~I:JIJ aetl Rays ~ wi~ ~I:J'J Alpha RlYS \.iJi wi~ JJ~' W"ll (,.)

. Gamma Rays I.o~

1T'

~ :'1 .I~I ~ O~~ .xs. 0W~I 4.ll> J1 r.:.?JI01.;JI )l;i. . .~J~I O)..liJ 'i~I.JraA.;,JI UiJ '~.r- Jj\.. 4J~ ,.j> O)~

1:'1 0j.,JI rl.J.IUIJ ~I ~ l:1JI ~~I ~ o)I..rLI ~)~ ~y rJ.S.J• '. 5 5

. (.).ul O~ .I.,,~I Jy..~ ~ 0W~I ~IJ J';'I \..

~.J1. ~J' r~:>U O)~ cA ~~ 0i..ill ~.J1. .,rJ~ :JW Jl.i

. (\) ~ .~I ~ .,\:~ li1s" ,~.r- io.;, O)~ ~~ 0i

I. I •

01 ~! ~ JI I..u:... 4A.t ~ rL. ~I ~&'i.iJ1~ ~..rLIJ

~I ~l ~~I o~ . (T)~:' J&.: )~ ~J .~I ~ \:z.4!

•';Jf o~J ~. \ ~ I~ ,4....),(J ~)~ d~I ..J ~ If.S")~ l+.:J1

.( "o/,) fLU~1 (,)

.-i~ (n- "/A) iS~l..e-A'~l) (n

U.,

~ O.M 4f' O)~ ,~~~I w~ tr~ ~I 4. 010 1\ WI

~) l..L...A.oJ J->. IJ J I..L..::&- I :i hij':~~ l...=.. iJ-!.)J~ ~

~~'J ~..fLIJ~'~..u: ~)J~J'~ l-~ r'O,rtrr,v

.~)IJ

~ o..ul ~J , l-~ rOt,r,v·,v ,f ;.;~ ~_..o.A.l1 WI l-i

. ~}I..l.I' ~.;o-AJ' ~\S".;=L' ~.JS. ~ ~~ ~Ip ~.rS

;.;~ I.!.U~J l-~ '·,AVO' t' ~.;o-AJ'J 4. 0,10\1 WI ~ J.;JIJ", ~ '" . II

, ~yA; 4:- ~ JI ,l-~ rOA,AV" V· ~).u ~) 4:- rT' J5" ~

~l- ~~, ;.;p:.;J ,~I";- ~~ ~:; 4:- ~l- J5" 0~ ~~ ~ J

. 4" ~ ~I' r., 1·l.liJ~ 4.:.-..r-.J- ~ ..

•~IJ ~~I rW' ~1 ;';~I ~I ~~I ~."s:J\ ~I o:U J

:Jl,U 4..1 - J : .~l' IlI\i~ o~ J ~11;.;1 :.:11 ,. ,,- ~y _~ loT .r' . (-.;-w .r '1":"'.~ •

~ j.ohilJ (,)~~ IJ~I~jlJ ~ ~l- ~~~ ~ \~J~

I~J~ :J\i 4.its- 1.SJ'!..4:-~ rJ ~~~ JW.u} ~ ~~I.1AJ

rJ ,l-4i ';lJ i)*~ ,-?i .~ :J\i ( .~~LC~~ ~

,wv 4:-~'.;I~.J"Jij J'j)l~ ~~I rW1J.il1 ",:"l;) ~\J .(TO/'A) ~I (,)

..J~ H'0..r'J H't...r'

10

~,ijIJ ."j~ ('0"/'0) cS~ ~l::J1 t'~J ,.,,~~ ~~ ~i.;J1 '"':"J..} ~)ail (,)

. \YO~ J'~ JJ.rJ1 ",:,,~i ~i ~I.J .~I.J!. ~.JL.; t" ~~ 1.,J1i

11

•• •(,~~I ~ JL..J r- I ~ c.,-!)I wi ~..1=LI YJ~I ~I

~ ~j.ll J~ yo5.ll1 ~~I ~ c.UU1 Y.J-:> ~I"'I ~ ~

~U~I~ # ~ L ~~ ~JJ~ ~I olAJ y~I~I

:L. ~~I ~ L:Jj-iU ~I.,J c.'-!)Il:L)J' :JlA; Jli .4JJ~I(,).J...·o\·.... '.·i' _.<""."!f:• "{ '-C'"J~ o.J rw I"AJOy- ~Ut

JlA; Jli . (l)~ ~.)';" ~~ ":t I( ~\.,J) :o~ Jo!i Jli

~i I~! ,.j> 4;.;-- J l.$J.: ~ iA c.~)\ ~..r.! l.$jJ\ JAJ~ :~i

~I~\ J5" If "'! ~fli ~U\ "'! L:J..;.iii~ 41 ol:.A- ~LQ; ~b-.

. (t) ~WJ.?j.j fW ~y11 ~:ji ~~

• • •)all JAJ ~ iL.l '-i l (,4;.;--J '-iJ.:'~ ~J :0l:>- Jo!I J~

• (1) wl-.i~I ~ i;i ~iJ~I ~i If JA '-ijJ\

~J •~I & c.~)' iJi ~rJ' ~~\ If ,)')'J .~W' ~)' ~'J (nI' 0) .p' (,).":,,,b.-ll

.:.-JJ I : ,.,.,~ iJ1.}J\ '-:""~ ~ .j JW ~iJ ~ ~i ~ ~, ~ .~ y,i Jj l.a (,.)

......i .~,.,J c.~)\ ~ ":"'~, ~ >l'J ••'fi:-~I '.ir. ..e-A:J' ,.a Jt- .;...;' Lo \iJ,)i..J~

.(oV/V).JI.r~1 (t)

.(tW/t)~'~I (t)

tv

I _. . J

4111 OJ"u 1.SJ1.';"~ \cA~' 4.i.>~J J'+JIJ J:lJI ~l;; ~~ ~jJl

o1AJ ,w."s:J1 11A ~.;>- oJ.ill1 o:UJ ,~ o.)L. JWJ ~~

~b..:- ~J~ 4.1>"",Y' ~L. JJI ~J ~....aS=j wW)J1 ~1.41 ~I

•A .lUJl o.ir, ~J.rlll wu~~J '1."JJ 'r-»I ~jAll JWJ

•w'1 '~~'J yUI If 4.1>"",Y' aJ.... J! 0W)J1 ol:>~~ '1

.~I ~l;:..J ~L...a.o If i# 0W ;AJ ~J'; JJ\ ~J

r>!. J! i-Lo~ J:.UI~ ~I ~. 0! ~i) jj ~ :JL..; Jli

~ w! ~i) jj ,0~ ~i ~~ ~~ JJI ~ .J! :; ~l.:AJ1

~ ~~ ~I ~ ~! :; ~l::AJ1 i J'!. J! i.,l4r' J4J1~ JJI

I~ J~IJ J:.U1 rs::J~ ~J:rJ ,l..JJ~ ~i ~ l..JyS.-:;

.(')~0J~~J~,f I~J~

:~~I o:U~~ ~j\)1 ~I i~>,1 J~

~ 0~~ wl:..N Jl+JIJ J:.UI wi ~ ~~I o~ JL..; JJI ~• •

'1J'~l[.~ \.AJ..~~wl J!~~..u\ ~ ~)1l..J'1 ,0~)1

~ ~ ~ 'J=l1~ w.,s:.-J'J 4>.1)1 '1."JJ J~I ~~ '1) ~~ .u f:'J:.UI Jl r-r. ~l> ~ ~ '1J~ ~ ~I ~ ~iJ ,~..ul .J

1A

o (,) ~1.l.U'J ~~, ~ rJ~~.lli

~li w~~iJ ~ULi t..~iJ ~."s:J' JWJ 4.i~ JJI J.1> .aJ

ll.olS:;.. ~ \A~J .J~'J ~I.,!IJ C4)IJ .rAJIJ ~'J .Jl+J'J. .JI ~, JJ~ J:>I .,JJ ,o,,~ 4.i~ 4.l..4iJ JlI 4,a..J \A.J~

o (t) ll.olS:;.. JULI~ ,0l:=LI ~~IJ ~."s:J' rUii ;h1 .rAJ'

~ 4S.} L. ~i (,.) ~~J\.A.; ~ 4.r"")1 J.l> ~ 4S.} L.9: JW Jli

o (1)J~'J J~I Ji yl~I ~ 4.r"")1 J.1>... .

~I&,~ 't~ ~~ ~I ~J (~.,AJI) ~ ~JlA::.I' ~IJ

o (i) ~.,AJI~ ~ ~ J.,i ~ I.lAJ , (0) yl~~1 ~~J

" .. . ..~I ~J\.A.; ~ ~ 4S.} L. ~I :o~ ~ ,,:?,.,J~I rL.~' J~

~ % ~~ ~.,AJ' ~ O.;,:S-J o,,\.:i Jli ~ ~l=.; rJ.S.J J~IjJ~ ~JlA::.I\ r.~ rJJ 'f~I ~ L.~ 6,;,..0 U ~ ~JlA.:a1

o (V)J~~~ ~I ~J Lu; Ji 0,,4j 4.1 ~ ,-?jJ' J.=l' ~~'.... .. ..

~ ~ ~j5 ,J::.I ~ 4oM~ I.Jtr.J~ ~I~ ..l>I ~J• .. - tIS

: JWJ 4.i~ JlI ~I Jl ~ .Jtr .#- ~ 10M~ ~ .J~

.J~ (, ,/to) ~I ~ Iijl)'.;...Al1 (,)

.J}~I.J" yo' ~ r~~1 J1.).J" ..;~ ~I~ Jp..l1l ~.,s:JI ":"4~I~ (t)

. ( T'/w) ~I (T')

. (T' /Y 1\) iJl::J' t"~J (T'V1. ~ T'VT'/Y) J~ Lr.~ ",:,,;011 iJW pi (1.)

.( YoA/'A) iJi.;J1 rlS:.>~ t"4I- IJ (YI\A/A) iJl:> ~i ~IJ (0)

.(YoV'A) ~.JAJ' pi (1)

. (1/Y 1\) ..r~~ .jl.J.I UJ ~IJ (V)

. (\) ~i..r.~ OJ..)..Qj .~ JS'~J ~

• (t) ~ JI~ oJ..:S. .~ JS'J~ :~i JliJ

~ ~J J \NJ 4.ib..:- ~ I ..:"~i l:J ~ ~..r~·11 ..:"~'Y I J'!,JjJ

J:.UI 4.1~ 4.i"s:.-J~ IJ J! ~..:"l.,,;-.,ll ~li.# 4.r 4.1~

J..-JIJ ~IJ 4S"..r-1J 4.1 Jl+:J1 ~ ~.iS" ,:J..uJ 4.> IJJ i:.s::-.j,~IJ

~ wL:i~ (t) wl::Al1J ,iJ'!..u Jl+:JIJ~ J:.UI wl-.i~1 ~iJ I~~. .

J\NJ 4.i~ ~ ;r~ wi ~ J> ..)..Qj 'r~lj JiIYJ .ily... ...~I 1../l;J ~JL.;

~ J\NJ 4.i~ ~I~ V"'L:.JI J r i~ ~I JJ-J «.JlS" J.A.I• • •r-"LZIJ r-"~ IJ V'" L.:.II .".s:;I r~IJ 0~I ~ «.J lS"J ,4A.1>. . ,..

~III :~, I~! J~ r~IJ o~, ~ «.JlS" .~ r--~IJ

~ ~ ~J~.) r~~~J ~J ~~~J'~ ~I ~iJ

~iJ ~i II :r~'J o~, ~ J~ «.JlS" .WI ~J' (0)« ~J-JJ

.uJ ,~I 4.1 ,4.1 ~,r, ~ O~J ~I ~! .u! ~ ~ ..4=l-IJ ,~ ~I.. . .

4.l:lJ1 o.lA ~ L. I.t> ~L.' '":"J '..r."u .~ JS' ~ .JAJ ,~I

. ( T' IT' 0 ) ~1i,;J1 (\)

.(o/\t) ~)I (T')

. Jlt:JIJ J:1l1 :1Jl::Al' (t)

:IS:J..;JI JIiJ 'JIS"~~I ~~.j JdI.LI~ ~J '':'--~''.JAJ (ttA') IS:J..;JI.IJJ (I.)

..-.i I~':'--~" I.u. t

• •~yl YJ ,~~ L. f-J ~I o~ f- ,:r ~ ~ylJ ~~ L. .t:>J

yl~J Jl:J1 ~ yl~ ,:r ~ ~yi YJ ,~I ~.J-"J ~I ,:r ~• c\} II ~I J. "

~ rl-l l ~~- i $ 4.I.J-"J 4:-J 'r.:~1 ..ill yl;S' 1$) ( ,:r

ly~ ~ ~ J oJ~ ~~i ,:r ~i L. ~ o~J ~J ~~

.~

~~~ JS" ~JJ ,o~1 ~L.~ JS" ~ ~~I oJ..lAJ1 ~~ wi~I ~.)~I 4..1~IJ 4A.\l;l. ~, 4..1~~ W\.....j~1 ,,-,96'- i W~I

~'4S.ii!J ,~, l.i.ii! Lt ,~IJ ~IJ ~'~lkJ' o~ ~ ~l:.;.;

'~Jl"J ~,~. . .. -

0'

~J ~I ;r ~I ~:~J ~I ;r ~I ~Js: ~ :JlJU Jli. (\) ~0y::-.;s:: ~.>5J try ~ ~}'il

. -~.J':JI ~ I$J I ~.JJ..J J\c5" JL,v ~ :~..,-AJI iLo)'1 J~

• (T)~~~ ~.>5 tA,)~ ~ ~~I ~Iy>~

J-l.> W.L5" 'yI~ :.ro i,)1JL,vJ ~~ J=ll J1> J..iI

;r ~ Jli:. ;r)l ~~~ JS' ~J ,Jlb.ll i"Wl;r ~1,)y::-;11

elili..P ~lJUJ elil~ ~ ,-:?.1J1 0~ ~ ;r ~ Jli:J ,~

. eli.."s:.Lo ~4;.i I~ J1 J.;.o IJ , 6.S:L ~IJ eli.J-u ..:..:~" 021J

.!.U~ ~I ;r ~~..uIJ ,~~..ul ;r ~I ~1y>1 .!.U~ ;r

,)lSJl ;r ;rjilJ 0W)'1 ;r ~IJ ~I ;r 0 W )'1 ~1y>1

. (t) ;rjil ;r )lSJIJ

• (1) ~ try ~ ~.J'll ~J~ : JlJU J~ (

.( "It·) rJ)1 (q

.( n/' 1) ~.Jl.l0i.;J1r~~ c:~1 (,,)

ii~1 ~J ,';'li~ ,))":".,J' J! ~.fi v-j' V- ~ JS" ~ 4ii J~~~ J!.I.l!-1 0~~.lS'" (t)

0L...i! V- ~.lS'" ~J )u" Ji 0'~ Ji 0L...i!~ J ii~' "r'j,j u JoJS" ~ ~~i V-" -

JS" ~ 01;)lp Catabolism r~\ ~J Anabolism ot::J1~ 0\i ~.lS'" )u" Ji 01~ Ji

.t.\laij\ ~ v-jl';'~~

.("It· ) rJ)I (1)

0,.

• •~ ~J~I JlA;J 4,j~ JlI '-i!:. ~J 4 0l:=L- 1J t...J)IJ ~u.~ ~\

,f 13';'; lA ~ ~ 4~J~ ,f d.,ll ~J~\ ~ 4,j~ try.~ yoi \~J 4~~i

6..lJ 4~ ~y4li y4lJ 4o~ ( J1:l1 i~ ~..lJI y4lJ ~ : JlA; Jli

. (\) ~~\ ~jJJ\ y4lJ ~J'1IJ ~I.,.-JI J Js-'11 ~I

~ J1:l1 j~ ~..lJ\ y4l JlA;J 4,j~ C\.ii ~rJl ~~I ~J

~ o~ ( 4~ ~~ ~ ( 4( ~ t~ 4~~ JJ ~Y':.,l\... .. Co Co

~I ,f ~\ i4-t1J ~\ lA~ ~ ~y4lIJ .;--!\ ~~J o\~.... ".. c.

~~~\ ,f ~W\ o~ ~~ ~I~\ ,f .;--!IJ J+-I yo~1 o~ls.!

.lr, tJklll~ .. ., ..

~ ~ ~ y4lJ ~\ ~ ~y4l1 y4lJ 4;,.s. JlI ~J o¥ ~I Jli

• (T)~ ~i .r,5i j,1 J~

• •Js- 4J~ II~ ~y4l1 y4lJ» ~~ '.JI~ ,:f ~.}J\ JA,;J

• •~ (~w.;..JJIJ .~~ J :4.0~1 i~ 4..l J~ C\.i~ 4J~1

(\") ".. ~. ~(

Television And ~¥'J ~~.JA:.1ill oJ~~ ~~I tJl ~l.S' I~!J•• • III •..u ~~~I o,u ~I ~ 4 A. "'iU }SI 4';;~~I Video

.(TV/t.) rJ)' (\)

.!.1l~ ~ ~J 4~~~' ~ .~J i.,\..j ~ (n/H)';-.;JJ ~l;iJl r~"J ~~I ~l) (T)

.( H/n) ~~ ~'=':J' ~~ ... .!.1l~ ~ ir,u.. ~J ("Vv) ~~ IJ"J~l~' rj

.( TT /'1) ';-.;JJ ~1;iJ' r~"1 ~~l ~') (t)

• •JL..,I ~I ~~ jlA.l:.lI ~ lyle ~.:ul lJ"l:JI .;~ t..~.;-I ~l

•~.j' cjJI ~ ~W:"11 ~~ I~l ,~ ~ ~J ,of ~ of~

• • •..; .SJ .~I rrLS"J ~J .IS'~ ~y.I.;~~~~I J:1i., C') i,)J~ ~ JWJ~~ j,I o.;"uJ ~I ~~IJ ~~~~

~~ Ji ~)~ iJi - ),J.:ll ~ i,tWL1 •.,,&JaI1 •.l. ~ - ~L..i~ j~ ; 4.ii IS) ~J(')

;iJ ~i 4:"- ~I iJ'J .ill J!;- ~I,,- ~ lSi) t. ~ ~ Jl,.,;J 4.i~ JotLI .#i ~

Ji ~I J .)~ J t. .. J! i)J,M. iJ~ ~) '::"I:~I • .l. ~~ ~ ~~I iJIJ 'J.S"iJ.~l).):'ll

011

• • c. • • ...

4.i~ ~I ~l....> 4J r4':ll 4f' '..14' ~l....> 4J r4':ll~JJI J1> 4f'~I 4.i4i~ # ~ (.~, ~i.;J' ~~ "uJ .. JWJ

~ "uJ 'r4i 4:.... J ~ LeJ ~}~IJ ~Ir-U JWJ 4.ib..:­

,)~ r; ~~1 ~ JW 4.I.,AJ (J~') ~ ,~Lu o~« r~'» ~

:~)~

. (,) ~ Le>->' r4i ~ltJ J\:J c::-~ LA';-',

~;, r4i 4;~ r~ ~ r~'~' O)AS" ~ 4.1; ~jSJ. (\') ~~ ';'1 ~~i 0JlAS"

I _"

4.1; ~ ~~'J ~~'J ~I JI~I ~ J~ ~ y\; "uJ

:JW 4.I;J. (r)~~J,Mj II 4:..... ~~ ~J ,x.s. LeJ'!. ~b' :JW

oJIJ.i,.. ~\S' rJ'!. ~ ~1 [.~ r~}~I J! ~~, ~ f~' ..r!~'JI"..i ~J ~ 4.i~ ~ J=L' J~ r (1) ~~J,Mj II 4:..... ~i

!~i ~ oJIJ.i,.. ~\S' rJ'!. ~ ~1 CJ)'J ~~, [.fU': (0) ~l::AJ'

.(v/,,)4i~' (,)

.(AVG>.t~U' (y)

.(lV/n)~' (r)

.( G/T'T) .~, (1)

~"""! loJ T'Y",. ~'~ ~ jl::..~' r~)' 41 J"u...u ~J~'J -=:,'.,..,J' ~# ..) (G)

...;,~

00

. (\) ~~) ol)J i~ ~JJ!. r-r!~i~ ~li ~

o.JJ- ~i ~J ~~I oolA ~ l.;)"u ;';.JA-Ib.B ~~I ~,§JJ

~jJl,§JJ ~~ ~i 0.JI.a.;,;lS" r.Jo!, ~~ :JW 4.1"; ~ o~'• •

JIj ,~~ JI.J>IJ~~I~ 4-.l:AJ' ;';1 v.tI~)I J.,AJI lolA ~~. ..~, o..ul oolAJ ,~ ~I J-~ JS" l:Jo~ ;,;~ 4:i :;';J.;-ill

o~t. (.r ~ ~i ;,;~ J lr. ~ ,)~ ~ (.r j.ll ~ ..;;i.

.(,.)~~,

. ..ox-ll ).,.k~1 (.r 1.J.,.k ;,;~ "U ~ '0..r.~ ~ i >;:JI & "uJ

. . -.;51 JI ~, (.r J~~I ~I.rs-

- ..~'.JI .J-Wj..b.Ai ~L.. &!.?J ~.J4 r,~' ~Jli ~ ~.M~' (.rJ

. ..l> IJ ~,) l+"~ ~ r~ ~ 1+'"'" ~ c.J..lA.... .

~L.. r:.r..?J ~.JI Equatorial Line ~I.,:..... ~I .La>- .).;S. r~' &..J~~I ~'J ,~~,~, .).;S. ~ ,~ ~J.JLr ~

• •.~ ~I c-J .JLr ~, c- 4.l..lS" ~ J,)~

. .. .~ ~J~~' ~ ~ r~';';I~' ~..u4~' 4. . . ".

~fi (.r~r4~';';~ ~j ~J '~.J~I r41(.r LA.Jo!, &!.?J

. tl..All O.J"u ..::.5.J~ ,~fi J!

4.I.,J- ~ ,-,lIl 'r~l ~~ Jj ~~J ~~I..u..,a; ,-,i :~~I ~. (0 d./V.) ~JI.o1I (,)

JI.u.. iJ'..)~1 J- ~I ~ ..uJ 4ol:Al' r Yo Y' 1.i.A 4Ji JJJ ..uJ 'l:i~Ilj- ~ 4.:... ..;.Ii~

.(YAY/'A) ~,;JI.j ""'~ ~~ JjAo J"AJII.i.AJ 'Jl:JI.j.~ 4JJ~ (4.:.....;.Ii~

• J- ~~!.~~ ,-,lI1J I :r~lJ out ~ Jlii Ir~1 '.i.A J.,J-i ~: -3; 4.1 J:.i (Y)

0'

•4;- o~ JS" ';';#J ,~I~I ~yl 4;- cjfiJl ~L.,4A.l1 ,;.;~

•Hydrogen Gas~J.;~~I j\$~ r~I ollbJ 'r~I ~~~jls~ .:.- II I • .:._. ,... 4JU ~ ~\S:::;J .Ira; A', .... .l.\1 H

v- r· .. ~ ~ '-- .. ...,r. .. ~ 2

I illlA 0';If'J 0.& 4ilk

~I;..LI J~I JJ.J.....> ~I cj.,...s:J1 ~L..AiII J ~liW\ &J

~;, ,;.;~ ~I ~ ~ ~l ~~~I olA y)iJ ,~I;'~\•

JA.? I..S.,,>I r~ ~~ ~ I~ ~ J:i lAj"";~ ~ ~I 4;~1. -I ~.,...4J1 ~I 4;- ~y~1 ~~I ~

4;- # ~J r~1 (f'& ~ ~ 4;~I~;'';';~ ~

I (')~.,..; L ~i~ ~)a.llllIb)a.i ~J ,~ljliJl

•I J~UI ~I ~I ~L.,4A.l1 Illb (f ~I~I J.;.,.;j ~

. . "''''. ..~ y)I';';1 ~"uJ ,1'& li~1 ~ r~1 J~I ~J

• • •~ ~.,...4JI';';1 '-5 1 ,~.,..; ~I~~.;I.;I~ ~I 4f ~ ~l

•• •ollbJ ,~I~ ~.;I ~ ~.;~I 4;- ~ y}1 Jl ~I 4;- 4iWI

.I!.:i..ul.j~~jS.o i~ 0'" ~..»-i ~~"j> 0'".;11 •

. j,;,,-...;...,J-! ~ Jp..uIJ l$.L:.idi ~..u, J\.P,o ~ Jp..ill ~}~'J .:"I"....JI Wi ~IJ (q

.~~ "IJ"~'

ov

..~ cj~ cj~ 4.r.-r-J~ J~ ~ 4.iWI

•~~ 4.JS' o~ oJ...:, JI ~.) oJ...:, J :i ..} ~I cjW ~J..u ~J

• • •~..,AJI cj~ cjl JI ,Lu~ ~I ~~I ~I cj~ J..A.i '~J~I

~ ..J:.li~I ~I ~I cj~ ~ ~ ~J ~I t..~1 cjl ~ , lal>

• •~ ,~I ~ r~1 tilJ .t..~~1 # ~~I ~J ,cjl.-...1JI

•I.:u. cjlS" ~.lJ rWI JJI ~I ~ 4So.,J.I- 4.:-LaJ ,~~I ~~l

• •~~ ~lA:.. I"';lS"~~ ~~ I~ li •Le J.A.lI ~.,rAl I .).;S. liJP

.~~J ~I .)'-!.)jIJ J::JI cjWa:i ~ wI..,:}

y r-t' 4.i!J 'r~I c!I~ r-ii ~, :f.~1 ~l:f J JL,u Jli

~ ,JJI j! f.~1 cji..,AJ1 r~ .)1) : A••• j 0-!I Jli (\) ~~ cj.,..,Lu

. (,.) "':"jJl J r~I JdL..,. .)1) :Jli 0..l::S' ~i

~t:J r~1 ~.)JJ ~r~I ~I~ r-ii ~, JL,u 4J.,i JJ.,Aj ",:".rJ1r~ J .)JJYl 0# lr~ ~ ~,O.)'-!j Lei, ~.,A;J r'~\~JI

s~1.J

~ ~ ~I J-l:-i .)lS"J Lt~ ~;s.li J:J ~.;S'.l;

• (r)~ .)lS" ~i

~I~ r-i1 O.J!,J.A;J ,0~lj \a ~~, cj! 4.r.-..r-UI~ JliJ

.(VO/O,)wI."JI (\)

.( \\v/,v) 1I~ ~'=:JI e'~J lA~ LoJ (",,/w) ~I.j II"'..;JI ~l~ (,)

.( H vv/,v) ~JoIl.&U ~Li.:J1 •.,...... ~1~ (,,)

OA

(,) .~·II. ry:-JJi ~ lr. J~ J1 ,l!~ ~ o~Ij~~,~ ~J.;-i JliJ

JlIJ~ B : If:s JlI ~) ~~ J#~ Js- ~ t-t. ~lS" Ii! ~I

r~I ~JZ 4A I~J «.ki oifl ~ '* JlI J.,....) ~ ~ \..

. (")~r~I ~I~ rJi~,

• •4"uJ~"'; 4:.- ~I v·· ~ ~ l:..i~ ~I~I y)IJ

~ .I' 0)~1 ~I.,s:JI 4.r- ~~ ~~ 4.r- JSI Js- I.i~ 4;~I ~;, ~I

• •! !J.",u ~ ~ JSI \..J J.",u \.. Jil \..J

&. .

41bL 1< 4S" .ul illWI ~u .1.:._1 l.. J UI~' ~ .<11 ~Iv-) .r-- .~ ~ '--::-- .,,-.. .• • " s.~\; ~pi ),)WI ~~ ~~ ~ JJULI ~Y ~I ~\..)I 4.r-

~i ~~ r~I ~I~ Ji r~~ JWJ I!l)~ ~I ~ \..~J

.i~ ~i J'!..c:.a; ,~ O)#.t ~I".ll o.:u.~ Js- J:J,)•

~I ~l..4AJI I.:u. ,)l:-i)1 )~ ~JJ..I ~IJ,)~IJ ~l;11 ~..,JJ

.opl ~W.IJ 4.-4!I~,~~ 4.r-~ \..J J~I ifl;!1

~ ~'J '(r-fi ~i,}J 4il) ~j ~ ~'~J ~ i:T. ~ ~ J.,ft' i:T.' ~ IiJ~ '~J (,)

. ('\V/t.) ~ i:T.'

.11~I:J'J~'~~WI (,.)

ul.,.-JI o~ (I) ~wY'-.,L lilJ ~~ lA~ ~lt-JIJ' :JW Jli

rWJ b....;IJ ~j ~I ~ ~~ ":JJ o~~ ~ _lj ).r-::-~ ~•

uL..ljwUlJ ~~I JI.; ":JJ oJpl ~L..~ ~ ,;;:;.:J- ~111 ~..LJ..1

•.~j ~ ~1~IJ ~h":Jl,J4 ..l!~ ~

• •I~ WIJ 'l.$~1 ~L,.UjIJ wfiJl t.W1 wL::J 4i.rl1 ~.b":J1 ,J4J

~ ~l:> o)lk liJ~ .,J 4.ii ~\.) ~ t.W1 ~ ~fiJl .)~."JI. ..~l.:=l-I 0)lkJl o~ WIJ ,o..l>I."J1 ~l:J' ~ ~ , A',· •• ~rJ~ Jr- u..), oU W~ 'W~I ~ W~I J>-> J.,ki

•~~wfiJll~ wl5" UJ ,4.:-W~ ~I (', ••• , ••• , ••• )

~~I ...a.-- ... (T}~~, uUWI o~ W~ ).r-::-~ ~ J.4.:- ',r· ., ... ,...

: (,.) ~l;. ~wU~ ~J-jl:-,'.ll J~

J":Ji-~ o.)~1~~ l.S) ~i~ 4.:-iL..., ~It-J' W~ L.xs

. ( 1V/ 0' ) ":"~JI.iI' (,)

~Ir J! J..-i lJi 4.o~)1 ~~I i)u.J1~ ~ ":'u.uJ'~ ~.,s:.Jl ..:..IiWI &-lii (y)

ISf i OJ' ..»"'; ..u 0JJ~ IJ~~ ..»L.Al1 1J.,s:.J1 ~Ir ~ 'y;Z L..t.:.Ai ,1J.,sJ1

.•If;.il ;j J! IAAJ~

.~";'~ o,~ ..,..~~1 JWI.J. ....,)UI.J. (IS~ r~~1) ~l;;S".j (T')

,.

•~ Y,· • • , ••• ~ }51 J~ ~~ ,),Mjl I.:u. ;?JJ 'i~I ~. ..~".JIJ . Normal Telescope ~,)u. ~~ J 0·· i ~ i~'

~4':J.,JI ~ ()··Y4 ~jl..) ~f ~ ,)~.,.LI.JA rWI ~ y~•

'i~I ~~ oooUl~ ~J '~f'llo~1

.. .• I...,Q.,I J " ". . ~ (

,~ ~ '1 ~Ifi' ~ ~~ \~ ~ ~~I ~WUJI 0~. .~ ~ [.IJJI ~J ,o.l>J .c:.l.>J ~IJ'! ~ ,4iJl.> ~~

~I ~.,..; ~'l ~i .,.!J ,~~~ ~ ~~ l.. ~J ,~

~ 0# ~~~J ~IJ~ ~ ~J- ,~~I ~~.,; J>~ ~jJi

. ~I~\ ~ ~~J ~ Jl:JJi

- .~I;11 ,~J..l\ ~lw.,....s:J1 lu ~ ~~J ~J~ ~I YJ

.. .Jt ~.;J ,~I t.~ ~ Jl:JJi ~IJ~ ~ ~ L...l:i J 1,>'1I

~WI ~ til.,.!1 ~J J}~I ~ til.,.!1 ~ ~I JJliII ~ oJ."...aJi ~jJi• •

~~ ~l:..AJ l:..A ~~J C}.J ~.J'l\J Jl:JJi ~IJ~ ~~ 01 ~~

~ ~I~\J ~I~I ~~~ wi ~ ~4 ~ i~ JWI

OJJ+U lr~ ..r>~1 ~4 ~i~ 0i~ '1 ~~I ~WUJI

lA.l>i i~'l 0 1JJJJI Ji ~I ~Ip lri YJ ,o)~ ~ ~J.:: -:.~~I il:i wlS" li~ ,~~I i~I ~ Jl:-r'llJ ~I ~.l>J o~

•. lAJJ"u ~I,)I 4i,)J 4-oUi:.ilJ ~\;J ~IJJ ~1..~1 o.:u. ~~..Y. ~~I

"

·~I

..• 4.:....0. 0, ••• , ••• , ••• , •••

. .-~I r".w ~JI..1J1 JI ~~I 4r IJ.)~ ~lS' ~!J J.,AJI loUJ

4rJ ,jaJl ~ 4.U ~i ~ ~i ~ ~fiJl ~L.IJ..1JIJ ~.,JelJI

lr.~I ~~I4r ~ ~I J~I ~ J J~I ~ ~I.r-'':JII I

W ~jl o;.AJ1 ooU wI l.S) ~~ ,~~I.r-'~IJ~I .Jib I~

~I Jlki If' ~ji. ~i ~ ~ ~I.J'!J ~ 4r 4-J.~ ~~

If' J.)\...4JI ~~ ~J .)~~I ~J ~j\J~ l.S~ ,-?jJl ~~I

.~I

~.,.,: ~~ ~~ 4r ~A .)y:.,J1 I~ ~i ~~, J~

JJ ,~~I4r 0, ••• , ••• , ••• , ••• J .).l.J1 I~ ~J~ ~I

.).l.J1 I~ If' JA: JI ~~ ..u 'r~I 4r Jl::L ~~ ~ 4s.~ ~

(LA§r If') r~1 ooU If' .M..? o~ ~)J ,p .,i ~.~.,.; ~ ~i ~~ JI~

J5 ~Jo~lJ5~~~fiJl:i_o~I~~~lo~J

~ ..uJ ,~~)I 4r u.J'!~~ r i LA.) l..c;..o I~~ ~ ,~~

~ Ij~ o~1 ~ J~ ,-?jJl ~)I Jc,lkll 4f~I ~.,.L;J~ ~~.Li.1I

~.,:iIJ 0 r '1V'"' ~ .).,.J."ll Copernicus h J!~ ~J"uJ

?.;e ~ u.~~ ~I ~i J! ~IJ ~~I ~J or '01'"' ~

o~lrUi;j1

" "";' .~1.A I~ I~ voPJ'JI,:r J.A.} r~1 ~I hJ!~ Jli "uJ. '" . .;.

~~I ~ J&- ,-",WI ,jA WI ~I .,.J JAJ~ J~ lolA J~ "uJ. - .I. ..>.>I.,JI ..:..i.,JI ~ ~ ~ J! ~J~I I~J..,P "U ~J'JI o..,s:.JI. ." .~IJ I.~ J&-~ JL- JI~ UJ I. ~tJ~'J1 oolA ~jl'p

,. .oo~ ~lr 'J ~ J!~~ trlS:J I.~I ~ o~ JA ~~ ~

,,..

•~ .. w.,..Jlj ~ \:5 UJ , ~L..Q..i.II ~ ';J~ ~.; ')II 0~I ~JS U

" ~ ." l-

· I.:-Jj.;~ w.,AL ,~.;I tfw~ l;.;! J.,A-i w\~u

illA.oJ ~I 4.J..J~ ~J d'.;'il l;.;~ ).i c.~)J1 ~ o,)~jJ• • •

~J wi ~~ ~ ~~.;I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~IJ ~L..Q..i.II ~- .. .

I.J.A ~J ~')II ~_U i;-:J~ ~~ w~ 0:...,')11 ~~ tJ V"'L:JI" .." c

~lAl w~ ~ WjJ~ ~ ~.r')ll o~1 u~')I.,J1 w~ 0\

.~.ri w~ rlJ-ii~ wy~ .x..tl 0~J,.x..t1

• So c r.

~Wl ~ J:.o JII tf y.;Z ~~ ';J~ d'.;')Il 01 yl~IJ

~ ¥ ~ 4s.~.,.. o\...a> ~ ')11~ Js- ~ LoJ o~I.,J\• •

')I d'.;')II~ ' ~L..Q..i.II ~ lr. Jj.Aj wi ~y ,W.>..o 4s.~ ';J~. ...W ')II 4...,,~l:J.I 0 N I. II L:.,,~ I. I.·, 1,.L...,u l;Jj.Aj

• .; ••• ~~. • • I,)": ~ ••

. .J:S,)~r~ ulj»..ll~ J d'.;')I1 JWJ ~bs.:- 401 J1>-•• •

~ ~I 'i.iJ1~ 0.;')1 'W>- ~ ')IJ ~~ ~ tf JkL;J1 ~~ ')I•

. 4j.;J-i ~WJ ~l; ~~ f.~

o~ ,,:-l:..i ~I~~IJ ~~~IJ ~y~1 ~.J-~ d'.;'iIJ• r. r. c

o~ ~ ~I~I JI ~~I JS" ~ wi YJ ,~ ulj~l

,1

". ". C. II' ..

y;a..;~ I.t-! IJJ JI I#~l.Ai:J~ JI o.)4)~ ~ y:; ~ ~I

.~~I llA ~ 0\:=1-1~~~ J J-l:.:JIJ i~\

.... - ..L-."b.i~1.,J l.5 1.".AJI~ ~ $ ~J ~10..,s:J1 \,::..•.;l$" .,J

~ ,~ld..1 ~~~ dJ-~~~~ ~l$" Lli L-..;hi CjJ ~ld..1•

~~ ~~ '~..P" ~ ~I~IJ ~UI ~ ~I ~-. ! J ~~ (o~ y~I (' ~\ ~~I ~L.AA.l1 Jl ~~ (f' ~I~I .)~I ~-jj_ ..,

. 4.:Jld..1 ~J~ (f' i~ u~IJ J~I

l,., J$"~~~ o.)Jpl .)4.)jl ~~,4_." ~I llA ~t (

•~ l,., J$" J;:::;~ iJtr 0)?1 .)4.)jlJ ,4-:9• •

~ld..1 L-..;hi~ ~l$" ~J~I..;hi ~I.,J llA ~ ~\ ~J

~ - (,) d. ·1-1 La")\$. A .<'.~ ,4.Jld..1 L- .~~ ~W. ~J "f!'.r:- '1t'" ~ _ J _ ~

~~Jl~J?~~·~f~~J$"~ ~~~i~~~. ". 0\:=1-1 ~ ~.rJ1 ~~I o.r.Jl; cU .kA..; Y:;J 'l.5~1 ~\ ~ yU,J

~_AI\ \"" l...4.i L_~_ . La; . ~I ·i .1V-- ~ t.r" J ~ \".AS- vPJ u yJ

- .,of ~J ~l,., '0· ~~I ~ ~ l,( jSl ~~~ o)~

• • •~ ~~ ,.k.U J~I~) ~ ~~~ ~I~I 4-9Y\S. yjJ~J

J..>IJ~ J.>..u Jt l.5~1 ~I t.\.A.;JI ~~ ~~J ,~ ~~•

~~ M J~ ~ld..1 jk)1 ~I ~ IlAJ '~f ~~ J$" ~• • •J #IJ #1~ Jt ~ ~W~I~ ~I lcS' ,jkJ ~~

"\0

0~ t..S?~\ ~\~\ ~ ~l:>i ";J 01 Jl (-~\ 01y4J\ ) ..:.i

0c!'Y cf pi ~ l..u ~JJ"uJ ,4,jJ~J ,JJ\~

- .~1 ~~J lAl~J 4JUI o.>.r. ~\ cf 0."....)..JI ~l "uJ

~ c _ _ ~

01 ~ .r~\?1 ~jl) ~';':""'I f ,0~jl cf ~.,k b-~J~- ..~ ~~.,.I O».M 4 ~ ~J~\ ~ t..S?~1 ~l~l ~ Ol:=l\

W JS ~J~IJ ~\r-Jl ~:.r-o WJ~ :JWt.i JU 0 LrLoy-k(I) At! 0 Mol":

o "( W."...,Ul

cf ~J~IJ ~\..,.-JI ~ cf JlNJ 4,j~ .u 0i ~~I ~J

Ji ~ :~i J~J 0 (t) ~~~~ .u 0JyA..o ,-?i 0~u ~J <0U..#_c .. c

0~1 0J~ ~J ,JJI ~! ~I ~J~IJ ~l.,-.JI ~ cf h ~

(r) At! 0 :.

o "(W~

cf ~J~\ ~ ~J ~I.,.-II ~ ~ ~ JJJ~ :JU cf jS- J~J

o (1) ~~~IJ ~\~

~0~ 0~i 0J~ '~J' JlN .uyi ~i :,-?jl)\ ~\ J~

.(n/T") r-,)I (,)

....;~ ( r·/ \1 ) ~.,riJ1-, (l'T'/n ) ~;.JoJ1 c:IJ (n.(,o/rv)j.;l' (T')

.(tV") J-JI (1)

1A

.(\)~~ ~ rl' (..)~ (..)i~ 'vPJ~IJ ul.,.-JI ~~ ~ ~

o).':'!U~yV ~I ~J~I ~\ JJi (..)l5" r.:.?J1 (..)ljiJ\ J-.lJCo It ~ c.

~J':J\ ~fi' y}; ~f-':JI 0)~..J1 uLo~1 ~ ~~':J\ ~Y:"J Jl4......a. LIJ~ ~ ((JY>f'-:J J~J..r..I\) ~I ,:?,J)\tw\~i"UJ

"U f-I ~fi' ;y ~T ~fi' ~ ~.H;,.G) (..)i (T) L~ ~)J

~~l>- ~ ~~ lolA (..)l5"J ,e..::-.rJ ~J ~J~~.~)

y}>!. r· ~ ~.e- ~ Jl.:-=:- ,-?J~ y~ .b;A-~ J~ J~\

.o.ri~~~\Ji "·AL

yl:5 J~ "O'LU"'JLo~~~~J~o~oP~J

~fi' ;y 4..o,)li~ 4.JS" k-l; (..)l5" ~~ld-I llA (..)~ ~ l:-JJ ~• •

~~ ~~~.r ~If~ (..)l5" ~~ld-I lolA dY (..)IJ 'o~)\

.'~ ':J ~I ~.1=LI (..)IJ "Atomic Radiation 4$JjJI t...~~~ u ~ ;y.. ..li~l ~j~\ ~..l> ':JJ "~J':JI ~..l>

o~1 uL:':J~~ (~) ~ ~J (t), '0' L ~J ~J).. .

JJ~ 4;1;1-1 4l>1~ "IJ..o loA)ai & ~~ ~~ 0.;5' ~.r':J\

~WI J1 Jld-I ~ ~liJI ~..}J\ o.}J\ oolA jA; (J "o~ 6s...r-1

.~

.(y, '/Y 1. ) ~I ~I ~IJ (,)

.r \\OT' 4:... r~ ~ ~i iJlS' (Y)

.J~ '\. ~ ji; Jlj)l~ J,,:S.ill ~.uL1 r!'JI.J.ili ~IJ (T')

•wi 4 .w J.,.-.:ulJ e;AJIJ JyAJl ~.f>IJ ,y.:ul~ J.,::-I

~ w.M.l1 lolAJ ,4...4JL:l1 ~M • .1a1l c.ll> ~ ~~~I ;r w~ o..,s:JI•

~ ~J ,~) ~1o..,s:J1 ~J ~ J~~ I~ ,)y:-".. ~ 4.ll=L10 olA•;r ," lao ' 4..i1~~I oolAJ o..,s:J1 oolA wi ~t o.;A~1 o..u J:LU ':JJ

. ..,>\~fi'.. s s: c.

~~ J J -"'I 1!Jl;... wi ~IJ ~1).J1 ~ ~ .};-I 1"r.>IJ

~I.b>~ "uJ ,65).>.,. WU lli~ uti~ 4..i~ ~\~I

,)y:-J ~ ~ti J~,) 1!Jl;... wi «~'- .f-1."-;)) )~\ <)~l:l\

. (,) 1$..,>~I ~I~I ~ ~lS'",lJ1 ;r ~~ ~),) ~ uli.#

. ~

ulyJL..k.II 4.-;:>;y ~ J r-L1,-:?L;.;AL9 A J\~~I c.~ "uJ•

. i ,o.ov L J'!~ ;r 'v ~ 4.1 ~..l> ~ ~..r"~ ~~\ ~\i.A.JIJ, s:" c

~.# u~lS'" ~ ~".. trl J~ 4.l~ o)l1 Lo4\ .u~ 4,j~

•oLJ ,~)~ ,-:?y!-I J~I u~ J;.;i. u'4 o~ U;~

.4a.i.o 4.s.~~ i 4 ':JI

4,j)l1 ~jsl .,u ~~ k ~i ~..r"\rl ~)l:kl\ ..l>i~ J

•wi )l:kll JJ~ "uJ 'w~ W'-J I!J)~~ 01 ~)=JI ~A.~'" ~ ~J• •

~.J! ~I "U wlS'"J ~~ 4..l (J ,~~~ ~jJ\ ~I 1.lA ~.)~

~~ ,:,\S"J ,~I""'J ~.)I L1)~ L.~IJ vI> ~l;s. ,~.L.. .f-!~ , )~J".JI ->,-,,:,i .li, (\)

.u.,; )~~II..i..eJ'r "1' ~ J.--'.~' p~ ~l&. ;l".,AjI":'.J.>. ..u;( \ 'T"T";;';"" ru..)

~ ..uJ ;I';""'tu 4C1o~ ~~lo) ~b...... .;! ~ .;..:,~ ";':li~ .".IS J":>\> &L .,...; ...:s.

,i;.. # ",. LA)a.iJ i;.. # "\1I¥lL)1

y.

. (')~}lJ. riu.JJ 4.1 tJi.,J'~J~ ~\S"~ ~)\S" 0~ t,.)J J-JJ

o}UaJ' J~~' o~ wi ~~ ~ ~J;$J~' J#' ~i r.. _ _ s

ill\$. ~li~ ~;..l4I "rfJ c.S.,,>' ~,~ 4f ~, lr'J ~.(T)~li# lr.0!Jo~

•It ~l..4AJ' ~~) ~lii ~ ~f'J ~J) .J ~~, ~, ,~!

~'y,.1 r~ ~J ~.;. ~~ ~ '.,u.;' ..u~ ~~, ~~Y' 0~.. .. .. - .. ..

I.) ~;\::.I' I.) if'~ .rJ JJ' ~J) ~, 0' ~ ~, r '\0/\ L• • •

~J)J~'J ~f~' ~, ~')'.~ oW . r ' \0/\ L .-r.P'.. .

~W! t;,."...." )~ ~, ,~J It ~l..4AJ' .J J~ ~.;. ~ )~

" . .• 4.4~ .;::s-

•o~ W'J .j':')~, ~l..4AJ' 4f 4,..)li ~')~! ~')' o~ ~~ ;

" . \.- .. .- s .. ..

.J )\...4;.;J ~~~ JJ di.,JLo If' ~>. ~, ..u ~'''''''''~'. .. .4f 4.1~ ~Lo' .J o~ ~p ~~ 0' ~J ~} J.,J..l4I ~~!

.lr.)~ ~).) ~! ~ LoJ l;.;\S".;> ~.; 0."s:J'

r..i")~'J ~'~'."....J' 4.1~~ : JW 4.1} J! c.S.,,>i Of .)~

. (r)~~ 4fJ

••emerlcen

.~~ ~~l (-J'J Jll( ,. )

.~~, .~~J~'J .~I J J.,Al1 t-'- f:!.J JUJ~ :~i JlN JUJ .(u/w) .l.r-~I (T')

~~I ~ ylJd.I J..i ~ J~J 4 .~I J J.,a:;J~ ..:.oli~ ~l:.a iJi ~J.( 1/n)

.illlAJi lS.r~I ~J illlAJi ~ ..:.o1,)~;'IJ

.. .y,

. . -~I~' }SI ~ oyAJIJ ~..,.ll 01 J; ~\c1J1 ~I) ~I "uJ

. ..~ Jf ~ ~ c!" fll'uJ ,o~ 4.;-l.:-AJ ~~\Y'J ~~')\..,

~."sJ1 ~,u ~...\>1 '=' o~1 ~y:-J J; ~lc1J1 ~..u..; ~l5'J

~, ~ 1.ijA.; JI')J ul).•iJ ~t;:J ;;~I uL.Jk ~ J.#!s I I •.~~

• •tr~ o~1 ~I '-:t tr~J ~J'1..fJ1 oJ~ ~l ~~y~1 J~

Complex chainso~ ~.,1 J-~J ul.A.1>- ulJ~ ;;~~ uL:S'f

.;jJ+-! JIJ- ~ ~UI Jf '=' YJj; '-:tJ~ ~

• ,s •

JI '1.i.r.:J1~~ ~\ 4~\ ~~ ~ ~J~I if 4\~ ~

.~I ~l5:J1

u4J~ J o--e.:;.j~~ ul.:5'f Silicons 4 i uLi~IJ

.~WI ~).rll

~.,AJI JI.;JI ~ '-:tJ ~\."sJ1 o,u ~ ;;~y:-Y' uLi~1 o~

. ~1."sJ1 o~ J; ~I~I ~y;J'1 Jl.AJ1 ,-?i)1 r~ ~I

vr

~Il lA1..r.l+:Jl j;l:JI;.?JJ '~.r.;::S- 4Zli ~.r! J~I lJJ,j

.~ 1.,11 .;::S- ~ 0';'::'-" ~~

~I';I JaA;l~ 0lJ.ri'~ l+WJ l+:..9 •• bJ ~~ J~li.. " - ..

lJJ,j ~J' lrjl.,; ~.M.iJ ~l~1 o.}JI~~~ lA~YJ '~l~\,... ,.,. ....~L...a.il ~l~~~ J.+o .;::S- lola I~~ ~ lr~~l~1 ~.. ..J L..+14u lJJ,..; ~J~ l ~1lJJ,..; ~1,J~1 .;::S- :rJ ,~J

olA ~~J l~ ~i ~~ ~ ~"'j ,,:?IJ)I (\) r~"'jIJ ,~t>-.I)I•

, lp.J""'~ ~ l ~I ~ lJJ,j lr~ ~\ .;::S- ~ llAJ ,J~I

•,:.r IJ.?JI ~~ ~..l> 1~1lJ"l:J\ .)1)- ~ ~~IJ ~~..ul ;.?JJ

.~J~~

~.J. ~J ,o~4 4. :i. JL..+II.>~J~ :JLN JU

• (T) ~yb-J\

Ji ,~W\ J J:.o ....;.Ii ~ ,.J... If.-A.i Jj> ..J>}~I iJIJJ .) ~ f'" &J .JL+' :r~~1 (\)

.....JIAJ ~~ .W&AJI~ ~IS'" ~I 4.-;a.al iJli r.,.....J\ ~J ~J .~-ul J J:.o....;.li ~

.o",,""I}I ~l:JI J ~~ 0'" ;s-i lofi ~WI J J:.o ....;.Ii <.r.rs-ri( ~i iJ~ iJi ~ ..... l-..ll r.l~ :JW 4.l~ ""!) 4JJ ,llilJ :.~~ . (M/TV) j.:JI (T)

iJ'J'p ~f'" ~ iJIJJ-u1 J Lp.f'" ~ ir-.,.:.; iJ~ iJi J~I ~ ...,..J~ ~ l.uJ ,4.-1.:Al1

.(, 0, H/T.) lof~IJ (T1'( /H") ~.;All ~Ir ~) . ...,..J~I

vr

.(,)~~ J.:!. wi ~IJJ ~J~I ~ ~iJ~ :~i JliJ

. ("}~rr. J.:!. wi ~IJJ ~J~I ~ ~J~ :JliJ

• (l") ~ ~ j')\;Ji J4-IJ ,i,)~ ~J~I ~ ~i ~ :Jli :r f JliJ1

O¥ ~i~j,)~ ~J~I~ (i~:~ jjl ~J ~ ~I J~

. ~L; 4.:S'L. oJli 'rl \J}j~~

lAJ')J '~J lr: lAL.) j')\;Ji ~ ~ ~i ~j,)\;Ji J4-IJ~

. (1)~ ~ y~ (J ~,.j>. .

,J4-1t!.,,;' JlA;J 4\.i~ ~I ~ ~~IJ ~I 4i...u1 ~~ l.}J. . .

: JlA;.u} l.} t..'''';':/' o~ ~.}J

• (o) ~~.".... ~'=!'';'J ,ly:lyi~ .?J~,)~ J4-' :rJ ~

:~ jjl ~J ~jl)' ~I r~>,1 J~. .

~. J'.,J' :J:i w~ ,~)aJ1 JI 4.k:L1 ~J O~J 'O,)~ e- :,)~IJw~ wi ~.J.>i :~J~~ J.,A-i! lA.,r..u; ~ ~J4-1 :rJ~. .Jli ,J4-' c..ro Jl>J lA.,r."U; ~la·U w~ wi : ~L; ,~~~

•. ,)~ J~ ,)'J' :~'p- j'

.( '0/") J-:l1 (q.(T',/") .~~I (,)

.(v, '/VA) ~I (T')

.(1"/1)# IT.1~ (1)

.( 'V/T'O»).1i (0)

Vi.

. .~y ':? Jli ~ ~)~, .;5J.J.. rJ ~ JL+' .;5~ :~eJI ~IJ

~J ~~~ ~ ~..ul l.u ~i ~~~')J~&i ~)~I ~J'.;-1. .

~'y~ ':? JL+' ~fi' ~~ o.)')~IJ o)~I~.) l+i~'J J~'

.(\) )\.::>~IJ o)~I~.) ~ ~J.) ~}~I

:T' '" r;::}\~ J I$jl)1 J~; .~"';~ (T·/n) iSjl)' .;...&ll ~I ~, (,)

.~~ i.;.6 '\I} '';: '\I »".;l\J ,~~ J.,.J J~ 'J.,..~.IS"Y ~jJ' 0~ J:i~ ~J ,~bJ'J (..Ai;ll ~ yo :Ju ; is.P)' J.,i I$jl)' J:J,i !J,.. ~,~

'.J!~I

vo

: .rL:J1 Jli

~Iyl ~i Js- J.L-i ~1 ~ ~~ J--5 ~J

:~ J):-" .;::S- J>-~ t.:tJ ~ .rL:J1 J; ~

~\j U~ ~ ~ J.5J J1'~ .JJI ').>. Lo ~~ J5' ~i

~ Js- J:.l~J ~lAl J"! Jj..r. JlS' J5' ~J J# ~Y':"y J5' ~• •

y~~1 JJ~ ~.,lIJ o~1 Ih ~J ~.niJ JWJ -G~ J.lL:l.I• •

.~I ~~ J.,AJI ~yo- ! ~..ul ~\ JJ~J

•• •4,j1.:>- ).,kl f ,4.01 ~ ~ 4,j1.:>- ).,kIJ ~l-.i)'I Jl=l ~~J~l ~l:5 ~ :iii}~ ~ :i-I~~ ~ lAlL:.;jLi ill 4.oi ~ ~Jl>

• I _ •

I.} t""'.,,::J1 ~I) ;r ~! L:.r.Ji « ~I.;JI I.) ~I j~~1 II: ~IF\

,:i _ O'J\ ~IJ..u1 J.5J ~y-kAJ1 ~.,..s.;J ~L-.;)'I ~ &~

.~~~I ~I ~L..,IJ..u1 ~I..J.:-o ~ l+o_}iJ ~I ulS'~IJ

'OJ~lj ~~ JS' J.ll> .Jib ~! .u! ~ ~J jjl fJ~~ :JW Jli

• (I) ~J:5"J ~~ JS' Js- .JibJ

~l> ~i) ~ Js- ~1.;Jllh \;.l}i y~ :Jli;r f JliJ

v,

c _ 'f:t ...

~I.-.i~~ !.Sf ':J\.t 4 ~I..,AJI ~ JJ I~l ~\ ~yo I~ ~t$" I~b. . -~~)J ~~ o':JJIJ J\NJ 4.i~ <Ill \ 4.4"'.? l.$.>J1 jiL,J1 J~I

4J> ;s-i ~~ ~i ~ ~J ~ !.Sf ~J ~':Jl If i~ 4.ly..J~ ~~ ~l f-~! ~1..,AJ1 JJ ..uJ J\NJ 4.i~ ..il \s..#J

.4.iI~JJ o~J

. ( VAI \"\ ) J-:l1 (\)

.(Vn )O~, (r)

vv

~ ~L.t 0.r!~ ~I"";'J ~~ ~ wl~1 KWI I.i~• •

~~I lAJ~ \cS' ~ cj~ "~ }51 ~ tr l ~! J~~IJ

Jlj! ~J If:... ~I JxJI J! ~! rLJI -';: r-3J Biologists w~-"'~I

.If:... ~)I J~~ ~~.,.. ~I

r--i ~! 4:>~ ~ )lk ~J ~J~I ~ ~b ~ L.J ' : JW Jli

• (I) ~WJ~ ~J J! ( ~~ ~ y~1 ~ l:.k~ L. ~~i. .

.;S'~ r.u U JW 4.i1 : ~lAJi Jli» :I.ijl)1 ~I iL.~1 J~

L.J ' 4.l~ o~ ~i ~ (,WJ~J.JJI J! ~~.J'! rri ~J J~'

rri ~ ~~~i r-i ~! 4:>~ ~ )lk ~J ~}~I ~ ~I., ~. .

lJ"'l:JI J> l.) ~l>.JIb \cf ~IJ'p1 wi W~ .,."....wIJ (,WJ~

• (T) ft ~~I J> eJ J--"l>- ~i ~

.(f"/') rL..;~1 (I)

~ : ~..,.ll..,..a.; .j _.ill ~) - ...AJ.;.LI J~ ( .(,..,..0",) IS;I)I .;...aJ ~I ~I c:- I) (r)

",:"I~IJ ~ ~J .UI .j~ ~ ;L..J r--:JI ~~ ~ ~I .:.r.»' .j J>~ ~ ~ ~I~I

~i I.S" .UI .j~ Lr~ .,r.-bJtS" ..,t Ji .UI .j ",:"jj Lri~ ~ ~I.l Lr~ ...;....>! ~i ~ ~

.•1.,..1 .j~ .r.JoJ1

VA

t.JjJ ~~i:r ~~J ~IJJ~ ~ ~J'11 ~J' :JW Jli

~~~~J ..l>IJ ~~ ~ ~\~ ~J ~I~ ~J..~ t.~ ~J'11 ~. (')~~~ r."AJ ~4'1 ~ln ~~! JS''11 ~

•:r ~f'11 JJ;;~ 4.:..0 jSJ~ :r~ '-;-!..) ~~•

. j...4i'11J ,J~\J j..;lA.l' 4-:i ;?JJ ~'..iAIIJ ~j\J'J ~'~IJ ~UI

J~' o,)J,).,( ~~, ~q.IJ , ~I~I (!.J)IJ ,~~, o~ ~J

• •~)'J ~IJ ~~IJ t!J)' ~Y'J J ,~, ~ :r ~l:i'1IJ

.:'r ~J~~ ;?JJ , ..l>IJ ~~ ~.~

:Jli :r f JWJ ~JL;; J.:LI J~,~~ JS' ~~ ~ ~.;..U H.o ~~I :r Jj.ii ~.:u, ybJ'II ,. 51 _ 5

~ l.f-i~ :r~I :rJ ~I.;.o l;> 6.:...0 (!.}i I~ 6.:...0 ~.;.. li.. ."

J! IJ)2j'~~ .;::S-J~~Lo)'J ~.B)'J ~~, :r ~~J ~I,)

. (T) ~~.,:..o~ r."AJ ~4'1 ~~ ~ ~! ~J .)i I~! 0.)

J! O,1,.J '0,1,.~~ :";)J ~:.,;) :~ ~I ~J ""'~ ~I Jli .( 1/''') .)So)1 (,)

.("TT/') !JI.,;JI j~ ~i ~\J.J~ (wi''') 1$~1~ ~\J'~~ ~

.;..15";.i-\ !Ji ;f ._:OJ jUJ ~ e: ,~ lJ.~\J ,~I JJ~ .£' :!J1,,:.Al' . ( 'V,) rl••;:~, (,.)

.~\ J !J\~J ,:i:0_\I J !J\~J ~ ~ ';J~ ~~I J .£'J ,~\ J ~y rP.(,. 0"I' ) !JI.,;JI j~ pi

1.', 'e... c.. ... f"' . e.!' ,~ e.!" c.. .. c.. J- 'ti ~ 't.'~ r·~ 'to \0 ~ l' ~ _.. v .I:'t ~, ,~~~' r-n r' S; E- ~ ~. 1 e.!" t.r_ '\AD. •• 'f. I L. ' I-- L \ \0 ...~ ,~ t. \0 • c,. .i! '~.:. .t· . ..e.!... • ..

~ ~.. ~ - [ '- e.! .r .f' ..c.. ~ ~ f ~ ,._, ~.J>.' r';. ... 'Po , , ~

[

1.·· ,\. C. s,.. \0 - •

. C- - , \0' llr 'E' \0" ~ (. ~ ~. r; ~ 0' ~. ~. L -. ~.[ ~ e! t. ~ ~ o' ' f, c- •

[~ (, c- c-~...r ::. 'E ~ ~ .- ~.rr :r Jr: \0 \l - t;. b ( - \0 •~. t'""~ ..." ·c~: t, r· . ,r;' \0' t! s;:: 'e...

\0 'e... c- ~ L c.. b ,s· ~ e.. .[ 't V ~'t -, f ~. E J.''':~. .~.. c. ~,...:. E· , ''t. .r. ~~ ..- ~ - 'l.- L ~ ~ \\. l' t - ~ \0 f\0 c·:I n.. ,~. ~ 1.. C- ~ ~" '~. t f ~:t ~.e.!" \0 1:", ~ \0 - -~ J- c· ..... - ,~'- "..! \0 ~ c.. 0' L V "1. • \0 (... ••

C- e.. c,:. ... (, ~h·t 'E .~ (. '~. c.[. :. ~ 7 ~"f c.. ~ ~. e.! -\0 L llr ••

~ ..:= .... '~ ![ ~ ~ (, ~ .[ ·t ...-! ~ t;.. [" ~1:~ 1 ~ i .~ (, ~ C7 t o- - r-n ~ E ,t' . ........... : s - •• I , ..:.. I .........

. . ,r ~ 0' [ -~. ~ r L 0 • [ .;:.-- ." e.!' ~ L (;i s;: s,... • .J>.'-' 0 _ - • - - ~ ~ c. ,~ ~"-' ci llr - .\. ~

,t ~ 'c.. ~. ,c. ~'. ~. "'.!... 'i- ~ : 'c.. L- - ,f' Ert. ..~~ (, ~ c.., - .. ~ ~'. c.:: '[ f; I-- • '- t.., .~.y c.. _ I 1: . c.." - c.. 'L .f' 0'''- r_ - t. C-

\.r~ L· .. - "C- \0 - \0 \0 'fi= ~ ~ \0 (;i

:- 2 G [: _ h. f= 't- ~ ~ 1" ~ ,r·: ~ '~

~':JI ~~ ~ ~}'JI ~ ~ ~\ 4i;.;..LI ~l:Jl$J\ Js:J. Oxygen is necessary for Metabolic Processes. r...r.J~~\J

s s s. '

,f ")a;J ''-?~1 ~1""1 ,f~J ':J I .l>l; l;;1 J.rJ L:.lS"".. ~ . Co

.l>4J~J':JI ~~k ~~\ r~J ,c.J~.?J1 ~J\ ~IJ l;...,4\

~IJJ~~ ,-?jliJl c.Jjl.,:J1 ~~ ( ,f ,c.J~.?J1~Ji ~IJ ~•

. ~\.;~\ ~I~ c.J~.?J\ ~J\

~J ,JL...J rJJ ~ I..>J!. ~\ ~~IJ ~L...\JJJ\ JI.) ':JJ

'~~\,f ~IJ ~I ~li~':J\,f ~)I J! ~J~

~~\ :i .I.; ~I..,.....;J\ opl~~~I ~~\ ~i ,fJ., .

~~ ,f '-:"'~ Lo o...\>IJ o~~ ~) lr. c.J~ c.J1 ~ ':J ~I

~I o.;ly> "4,,j4 ~I J..ltvI "I"~J ,...\>I}I r-,,=,I ~ ~UI ,f ;J

. (.4)\ .)I~\J ,JLi:;L\ ~J')J

J~ ~UI ~ ~IjJ\ oJL.,a.,J\ ,,~ ~ OJ~ ~\ ~ ~J

•·lr.;ly> ~J ,~IJJI ~':JI~ r';; J~~L:-JI

4-S_! ~ lr. r~~ ~ 4...Pl>~~ iJ-Y ~\.;~I,f ~~ ~J

~ ,~ L:,l> WI' l..u. -~w 1<1 ~ ~.il ",;, . "II". _ ~ _JY . ~. '1t-:'" >--!. 1$

• •lr. 4...Pl> ~y I l! ~ IJ)li . ~l::>J 0";' ",:-"l;,; ~I JLo ':J I ~ J&.." " ~ c

,jJWIJ ~I~\ Lol 'I..>.}--I ~yl l! c.J4"}'J J~'J '~\.;L:-J' ,:.r

.~ ~J J~I rJli;~ Jl...taj l! c.J~ ~l:AJ\J

"I

4/'J J~' ~JlA.o lr.~ ~'~~J ~ ~~ jl;J ~.. ". .. c

o..u"jl.b.,J Ic5' .~, c.4)1 ~JlA.oJ ,4::J W1 0).).'~ Js- J.ul• •

II~ a wL...:zS.~' 1o!.L~ ~I A~' 0)5 4,;- A:lL . •• ~l;L:J1v-::" . c: J- Jr--. ~ .

L. ~ ~I ~ I.iJ~ ~ ~ w~ ~ ~ ~• •c.4)' 4.JS' 4,;.J"4A J ~~J j~ ~ ~1..lJ' o)Jjl w~ ~j ~I

.C') i - A1::.; j\j o..ll~'"'r. .r .

..~J 4.il::- O,)L.

lfiJ- ~~ ~J'1J ~~ ~y ~\;~I o.lA ~ ~• •

.0).).' ~~, 4.JS' YJ..:ci ~, WI t..:J 4-i IJJ'J

~l.:-i ~ Ic5' ,~, ,)'y 4r J.A ~~,~ wl:>'1'~ ~J

. J..k;;b.!'

""! ~, ~, ~ .rz; oJ~ ~~j j~ ~l;~' ~ i.,zJ

~l.:-i ~ ~ o.lAJ ~~, ~ J! ~I oJ'~ J.r"J '.JJ') J~

.wl~'J~1

.. .t.lA;)J J~' iJlA; ~J'~' ~\;~, o.lA 4r ~ w' Ic5'

•J... .4.: .I..;&..)'~' o~~, ~JI~' .,~~, o.lA ~ oJ I.).' ~J')

• • •~ ~,)'J Ji' J! ~, ~ JZ ~ ~J lfi'JJ' ~ J~'

~,~~y~ o,)Lo j'.)! J! JY-'~ .u J 't.~

AY

>-f b""

".~-'I~

~V\0'

"~. ~ V"" f>

~ ~' f <£~ L. f, ~ \-~l4':.. " t..,Ja' 'Gt .. \. c·~ .t' ~

\- t"""

~' V\ (,

"" [: C7.f" G\.[L. C· 0

~ ~ t;"

.f }. ~

<£ .t ~ C· C· ~t; ~.. , [[ ._~ l.' ~ ~..! ~_ I ~ 0'

"" ~ \D"~(, b"" - V\ C·<£ t;: "" C· ""l' 'C.o t- ~ 1.0 'C.:.c''C.o ,(;, ~ f-'}' or ~0' \r. ~ ~ t. ~ c·

1,~ t e. ~c;: - c-:

~ c. .C- - c· "'f:"~;. _~ "" (, [ ~; ,w0' .~ r ~ c-:~..! ,\\- L.

v- oL '\> ~ (;\ ,t' {,(:. ~ .~ c· )(:. ~ (,

[ b ·c1.. ~ ~...C- ~ • e, "".

, o~ • '" ~. '\0 1 '~~ 'i;- .: ,r It 17' :C.

o~

_.(;.. ~ ~ "" "\ ~ -(, \r. c. c" r r ~ ,e...

.C ~, b ~.~ (, ~ ~'t... (, ~. t c. .[ ,e.." c· ~

C7.e - - £!..~ .r c. 0' ""t c· - (..

L:.. _ ~ " V\"'f:" ""~ - ~ - ,,:~.L. 0 (I ~ I c-h".. }-" "b ·f" ~ "" ,~. ~

"" '1':,. c: "c:..: ~

~ ;:: !["(, ~ .~ S;;-1I1..!~ .~

~. J :i;_ (, L.

"" """ V. k .~ r .~c. L.: 1:_ <;.- Er. -~;. ~- · ,~," J.: "'f:" •c-~

fr. 5, .r: "~ -( (, [,IIr. r- •

",,' ...t;. L. .[ ..-"

"" "" 0 ~~ f .~ t;" r~ 0" 1 (,-( r t; f .[.~ 1 ['<' v· Cr-t ',lx c;: ~:"" 'I ~ b"""h:

WL.:J\ U:;lj\.' I ~ .. ".. • 00 "'i' t.Jr

(\)",( A'\'I ("'jJ\' )1 ~I.:-~i 1..JWJlj• 'II{ If" J.r ~J c,y- J".

(-.;S ~Jj J5' (f ~ ~i ruP.)\t1 J1IJ..n (Ji,: ~i JljJ

. (\')~~ j.o ~J5"i wlS' LoJ ~~ ~~ ~ 01(\") ",( .•AI· . \." 1._ M I _All 1<:'" 1. i:'"1 JI:'

• 'll{1..C-' ~J.) "t'::""~ ~ y- V- (fJ,,: ~ ~J

. (1)~WJ.;Sj.; f-LJ ~Jj \:.ill.. ~~ J5' (fJ' :JljJ

" ...:......ai ...\i ,o~..bJ.1 JI~I ~ JWJ~~ .JJI o~I.)! ~lS' uJ

U1o.lI oU ~ ,-?~I <.J-!~I 1.iA ~~ V"'L...ts- ~J)I~•JJ;; (f ~J)' o.iA ~1_.4"jj ... J5' U ~4.fI= wi ~ ')U ,~~,

.4....#- yl:-iJ

vP.;> uA-!.';> ~~IJ (0) ~.)~ o\:.ill.. ~~ J5' li!' :JW Jlj

\eli ,4S-Y J&- ~bJ.IJ ~ .;I..,..::-IJ ,4S-Y ~~I J&- 0L-;~1

l+o'-s'; ~'J '.)J~4 ~ ~jJl ~)I ~\$yl ~ .)~I ~lS'

•,-?I J1 lr~ (f .)J.l.:J1 o.iA )l;;;1 J&- ~L....; ~IJ)I o.iAJ ,~IJj

. ( 1°/°\") ~I (,)

.(w/w) "1r'~1 (r)

. ( ,.. / , ,..) "u:.)1 (,..)

.~iJ ,l.&.L.J i.".L.J ,~iJ i,}"j :lft~l \a ~J)~ J"....uIJ (1VO') ':"~.)I.:ul (1)

.~j

cS.MJ i.)"u .)7JJ Iii :(nv/1) .~ .j _ .ill yo..) - .# 1ft' J.JA! .( 1VO 1) .rill (0)

w.. YOJ ,UJJL ~Wl.ill .)"u .:..L;-:! J- ~~I.~ WI wiJ .~ J~ I':"'., ,~! l,/"l:J1

.~ &J~ ......i .I,:.,s- Ji .~~I

A1

#0 Co Co _

~;l5:; ~~? ~I ~'Ul~\ ~t;~1 ~\ b.."J"uJ . .}--\ ~~

~ ~l-L o~ LA)J~ ~~ ~i ~~?~.:u 4s-y ~Li:-=-\J "/

• ~\~\ 6.k.....\.,Y. 4-W~

Co C. ~ c_

[.)~ J.a:- JI~J 4~\~ ~I."J~ ~ )Ji:JI 4.r ~y\ ~\ ?.~ ~jUJ ~l-.i~1

•4.r 4:--0 O'>'>\J JS"~ t..J~I ~t;~\ ~y\ b.~ ~jJ\J

l,$y!. 4:.i ~l:JI ~CM."J ~\ r")\:.l~ Metamorphism ~\y!.~

.4o..J~\~1.. ..

rJ r.".JI ~ LA.>sW ~\Jj LA)J~ rJ ~..Y.. ~l.ll ~t;~ 4.r #" .

~l.l~ O)~ trfiJ ~I 4.r~~\)~ lr. ~I \2 4 ~l.l\ "l

.).r:-~

II II. ..

tll:-J ~L.)I ;.,-- ~rk l>-~) ~t;~1 4.r # )~I ~ "uJII _ .. c.

4~J I)~~~IJ 4 L.~I ~ t.. ~~I 4.r ~I J.,Aj1

.JJIJ ~I 4.r J."Ji~~ O)"lj 41J 4~I ~\:..o ~ ~IJ•

~..,A.> Robertson ~"'-;.J'!J) )HJ~I ~J "uJ .~I JWJ 4.i~

4~~1rs- y!.~~ ~J~"UJ 4L~~, 'O,~lLAlf ~~.. .... - ..

~..u ) ~ t 41. ,.ui ~I ~l y!.J.A:JI 1..iA~~I ~I ~I ~ ~....... Co

~1 ~I~~~ JI 41) ~~ t.. ~\) o..llJ.lIJI.;AJI 4.r ~I tJ

AO

, .

4.JUI ..;"l;UI. .•

ooU r~ oJ~ ~.1 , ~UI ~ ~ ~liL:J' ~ t1yl I!Jla- . .

Jl:d J.1:; \i l - ~~.1 wl - U~.1 '\iJ~ ~ U~,~,

, ~UI V"'~, ~

~~I ~ oJ:;li J Wy oJ~1 ~li~1 ooU ~I~i J5'.1

'J~I ~~Jl:J1 J.ll.:lalw~ , ~u,

O~~'; ~ ~ ~li~l o.u.1 ,~I'pl ili"1 ~li~I~.1

~.:u ~ ,~iiJ.1 ~.M.1.1 :;\.,11 ~ Lr.1)~ ~ ~.,..a.J1 .)\.,11 ~

~l 1!J1.rJ' o.u 4k....1>! il~I.1 ~IPI lr.~I!J~ o:;JY"

I.LA ~ o~ ~J I~~ '\i.,LJ1 ~~I& ~ ~.,.;. ~IJj ~ .

~\ o.p1o.u~~ {4.iJYI l&.\~ ~~ La ~l&.r ~~,

~l; ~I Analytic Enzymes~ ~l.£j~ ~~ La ~l&. r..

~~~ '~J ~Y Organic Substances ~.,..a.J1 o'pi~~~

- L:J\ ':1 I,'-'. ~J:

A1

lolA OJJ ,:r y jZ ~, ~I'p'~ ~.,;I ~ o,)Lo j';;

WLtI ~~j.i~1 ~~I j~ f lAPP~J ~IJ)I ~~J ~~I

[.~ f .lAl# V"'~~ ~~, ~~J o.p1oolA~ J~ ~I

. IAAJ ~\;J ~?i 0~ V"'l:.:J~ i~ ~~ ~ ~IJ)'

AV

r

~~..L."

I~

'i:c·!l"\..

-

s0~~-r\~

t~~),'"' ~

~ .....s~:\

~-~

\C-

.~~'~

~ I~ :t' 'LL -\. [l:._ L - ..

I",t!.. .L." I -

.e-I .- Ee-I

~ ~ ~ tf l' r \,

!t ~ ,t: ~.~

~ t'~ I}:\ :e... f ~[ c·c.... - - \.~ t C'~ ~~

;""~ t ~.( co (: 01

·c ~ C h ~'.L.~ \r ~... 't.-~ t­.r ~. l.'" rZ -~: \. f - (:

.. orr (o?C7 ). C' b L~ ~(;: C7 -

Co ~ ~o .b <;:1- ~ f ~,

ot;.

~Ie-li'tf:

~ ~,,~ I <;: .L. .L. ~ .L. c·o l.. \.. I\..1-- I. I

o ~ 0 b ~ r. rCO 'f.. \t> L (' _ c-'-< c.....y ~ 01 -c;; c.- ,. C·,r \.. 1':., L r I..... '-e b.y ~ Ie... --:" ~ ~ ~ f r . ~ ..~ ~ ~' e-, r: - ~ ~~ lr ~_ ~ ~ ;: ~.: bol" t-"- L v· \.. I I ~ ), C ..... ,,-~ 0 .L." r f, . \.. '1-._. h". (I

" .L.' - 01 L I .~Ie... .~ ~ L [".(\; - ~ c11 t \..' ·f .i" ~ ~ ~f;: t - e-. r.- \.- -... 0 -r. ."1:'." r; - 5-. L ~

• I.y <;:), \, it. 2-

~TfL....~ 'i:~'~"T· ~"~ 1 t- ~ L. -. t- ~I .~ C }e ~- enL c.... ,[ ~ ~' (I c·Co t r[, '~ e-.'~ ~ ~ .[ ~

.r- ~ '. ." .Y ~ I~ (I " ~\r'. I t -~rc~e- ~ - l - 1 ~:L. ~ \'. c. . (I ~ ~.: r C \.. -I~ 0 b - . ",. c.. 0 "

,. ~ t;0' ':. .[ ~ ~.L. I - iT- ~ f £o -< 0: - ~ c- 1 fA (:.c· L \.. .L.~ l:) -

'~..(: .L.~ ~ (: ;: r . ~ ~ E;:"l:t= [t C 5-' :e.,. .~ K L..

\.. I -), r {g.

~ I I "'0 c... . c.... ~,,\..~ ..~,~ ~ k to ~., ~.>>

•JoW~ ..r.~ ~ js- ~ Variations ~L:-:JIJ J~~I 0Y':"JJ

~I ~l.i ~J Shape~'~l.i ~~~.JibJ 'J~~\J ~IJ

.,rJL.S:::J\ ~J Age Peroid .,;-o-J\ JrkJ Function~.,JIJ Volume

. Multiplication

s s s s

.JA ,JJj~\ ~y:L\ ~\ ~L;jl I~ ~ ~ j .u--I JP ..ul ~~ "uJ

~1;J'~~~ ~~ ~jJJ 'i"u ~LA ~ 4.l~ &. ~U\ ~l:>i §i•Js- The Biggustone of Mammals ~~I ~l.i\~\ §I .JibJ ,~I

(I) ': II': • '1\• ~I.ll ~J I 4.::- J

~ '-:tJ Redwoods oJ l.:-=;l \ 0~~ I~ ,411 ~li~1 ~J- .

J~I ~ ~J 'i"u r·· ~ Jl ~\~I ~ ~ J~~\ ~'IS Co _ "

b\~\ ~ ~\~\ rW l JJ.j \)S'J L J~\~) Jl ~~ ~ ~\• (T) ~}~I ~l.i\~\J ~~IJ ~I'p' ~ ~ ~ ~ o~

:IS" #& " " ;;

~~ ~ ~\ o~ b\~1 ~\ ~.>S J~I rW'~J.j \)S'J

J:- ~ ~Jwb6:- ~~L:J' J\~ ~J ,~~\ I$> ~J.rJ\ .;::S- ~li~\ ~

~\J~ ~ ~J 'ilr.1J ~~:.r-o~ LA~ Lb)~i

.~~ .;::S-J iW1J' JL..4J'J ~\;j' ~~ ~'';J ~1.,.liJ Jl5:..:.i

.J~ .r 'w, 4.:.... . j" yl:S:1l 4.oWl ~~, 4' . j" AT ,,;P 1..J'}oJ' .J .1J1 ~ • c::-1J (,)

.J~~'~~WI (T)

~I~I ~l:>~1 o-Ul ~i ~l )~~I ~ ~ l.$JJ\ ,~iJesc •

}SI 'l:>1 ~l:.A ~I ~ ~ ~\ ~ )~I J~I ':? ~ ~~IJ

o 0,).&1 ~~ )~I .r:S- J~I <J ,I~l ~iJ ~ O)l;l

if Light Microscope l.$,)WI ~~I ~I l:J i~\ .bLAi "uJ

Electron ~J.;SJ~I ~I o~ '~J ~ ~)I .r:S- ~ljjJl ~ P0~1 ~:'A~.\c:;L-IJ JL..UJIJ ~lijJl ~~ o.#' l.i~'; Microscope

l.$r-:JI )~IJ ~L....i~1~ i~~ ~ J"'~l o..u ~l5:.i ~ 4/:;\jJl.. ..

~L,....J ~4-0J ~Ul j.A~ ~ ~lj I.>..> ~J "uJ ~ poi'WI I.

.. .I~r ~':JI ~l:.A Jlj.! ':JJ ~ ~LJ,.I ~J ~J 0)...4.> ~J ~~I

~~r~1 r~ ~ ~IJ ~.iJ1 if i~1 ~ ~i ~.;JI ~I <J• •J! ~"pI LA 4J.J# rlYJ ~Iy~J L:...LAI~0)~1.;::S-

o ~~ ,)l:i)J l+l~ ~-"'J

• 0

,)I.>sl ':? o~I ~li~I o..u ~ )WI ~ J Jl;J1 ~J•

~~l...a.>! ,)fl- ~ l+:J! ~I ili)':J1 o..u js- til ~o)~ ~l;

o~I)~..,z

~ ~I ~l::J.I J! JI ~ ~I~I ~J..:>. J! ~.i: l.$JJI

~~IJ ~.iJi -Ul~J I.SJ!. 0 Scientific Museums~~I ~l::lSJ1

o JlNJ 4.i~ .JJI ~li.# tlJ) ~

~J Jt...i J! ~)IJ classes~) J! ~l.il~I ~Ic1JI ~ "uJ

~~ Families Jt...i J! r~I ~~1 r--Z ~~ J~ ~ I~

•LA.;::S-J Seals .r--:JI J~~J Dogs~~I~J Cats ...Ia.b.iJi

tfll ~,)\)i ~ ~ Jl;1\ J:.:- ~ y~1 ~i Ji>..,J "uJ

J~ JjJ~J 4 Genuses V"'4-~\ ~ 4)J..i ~L::..:J\ ~ ( 4 Species

. JL..a.AJ1 oh ~ ~I ~ aAJIJ J.s.~1 ,)4,) j\ J.:f. Family ;i1~ 0'2.;11

~ ~~I;?JJ 4 ")'>\J~~i J~ OJjAA~ ~li»J\ oh- .

~-YS\ y~ 4iJ.rv' r>\.,ulj . ;iii},) ~4lS. J~ ~.rJ~~\J ~

~4y)lj ~.>5 4~)~ ~\).A.j ~ ~# ~4).A.A.IIJ 4~\

~ U2..J\ -:J..>.~~ 'l;i.. i . ~.)

s. , =t: ..J J.,J~\ ~ ~ Creature Unite J1;L\ o..).>J ~I ljJ.rv' ~J

. ~L.>~\ ~')v;.. ....

~ ~i ~l ~.,;~\ ~~ JS' ~ J~\ l.r ~ .,)y;J rS)J. Physiological functions ~.,J.n-AJI 0l:J- I ~U:;J J~i J ~ J A~ • Respiratory System~I jl...++-\ ~~ Ih ~ J:l,) ..;::> J

~J ~~~\ ~J 4 l-L..-i ~\""I ~IJ ~)' ~ ~L..;~' ~•

~~~I Uj~ )~ ~\ ~ ~ ~l5' ~Li\ ~ trl::>~• •

~J~\ 4.JS'~ ~\~. 11 ~ ~J 4 trl::> ~ '-;-~J•

~\ ~ ;?JJ 4 ~L..;>U ~ ~ .u 4.;--:J~ 0l:J-\~ ~ l.$.:u l

•~l-.i~\ ~) ~L:.:.i ~ 4 ~Lil ~ yl.:u\~J~I ~ ~~~ ~

•J ~l-.i~\ ~) ~~li ~)~. II ~~ ~I ~ ~J 4~'~ ~. .~L:.:.i .; ~~~ ~~~ ~L..;~\ l.} ~~)I ~~\J ~ ~_.~_I

• • •~\ ~ ~ \.is:AJ 4 ~\l\ (f ~J~\j~ ~~,~ ~ o.r.>~'

~ f> Jl ~')J J~~li~' oh ~ J~~1 ~i .~)~

• • •, .~ Jl$. , .. ,. A I :\W~I I., ...~ .\\~ ~ 4.., L.,;. _etA.:>.'f" • ....,-~ J..., • ~....., ..- •..r-,y J

'".;::S- oj~!J ~ OJ"uJ JWJ ~~ J-lt=ll OJ"u if' f ~

.o.)J~1

~\JJ):iJ1 ~ ~ ~J 01~IJ 0W)'1 ~ .)y;;y ~I

i~ 0i~ ~J . According to Circumstances ~l5'" J5' ~~,~I 0J.)WI ~)'I o.,AJI .;::S- J1:l.1 ~ 4:9..J1 o:.>.AJ t.1~)'1 Ilr.

• '.:: - II ••• ,. .- - \I 0 _I , • \ • Co :. I<' ~ It.:> J'W ~~~~J 0:!~ ~ 'f" c '-? U- IJ" J .

~I.}J\J ~..JI A L. ~\.}JIJ ~~\ ~ u~IJ J~I ~

,-:?1I\ JAJ~ :JW 4.l."i ~ f.~101yAJl4:9.)L..a.l1 ~I o:.>.A J.} "uJ

l.S';J tr~~ w Iy;;~J ~.> l..:l w l)S'hl ~I .;.-.

. (\) ~0J~ foWJ~~ I~J ~ ?Iy ~I

0i Js- ~ ~j-o ~ ~J 4.i."i 4J~.) u~1 u~~1 o:.>.A ~J

w ~~ L.J ,~I ~ Js- tv: .JJI r i ~\ ulj-ll ~ ~I..

. 0 W )'1 ~ ~ L. ~I;:r ,-:?pl rJ!1 JAJ ~I ~

• •I~A~ ulb....:>J.1 6-]1 0\ , • .;. ~ - 'I . -'\.A..J..I~'''u~ • J J. 't:'" l.S~ .f.:S" ,y . J

• • •0L.S:.. ~ ..UI u~~ ~ '~J~I ~ t..~) ~~ <.5' I.VO. -

.l.S?~ ~ ~J '?~

~ ~';-IJ'"' WS" ~~ ';-1J'" ~llS';J' Jl,,; 4l} ~ .b>~ . (H ,/\1) ~I (\)

~I:-:Jl UJ,f I~J 4J~J Off~ .UI "":,,,L:s- ~ .,t'J ~I,,:,,~ t"Wl Ji 'lSJLiJI

.~WI..... I. ..• ~i JS' ~ ,,jw> "vI :11_ . J /J-r Yo _ f'. .r

~ ,)pl JJ~J ~ 6.-o1J') ~ 0 LA)1 '-?)~ 0~ : ~I).J\ ~ J~

• •~ JJ"UI JJ~J ~ Jly ':J\J ~I 0!.-::Jv. ~ J .,JIJ ~~ .J ~ ~~

~J ~ ~4,)J J~\ ~J ~ ~~ ~,)}~\ ~J J\y~\ J~J

~ ~~\J )~I :.?JJ lJb~ J~ ~J ~\ ~L;~ ;5"\

,)JJJ..\ ~i ~ ':Jl ~)~ if J~ ':JJ~ ':J ~4~ ~ ~ ~

. 0LA)1 yl-.> 4J.A 6.kiL..~~~

4J.A # ~I ~U\ ~ ~ ~\..iY.,.AJI ~~\ JL:..:SI .M:

~ ~~\ \~ 0lSJ ~ (I) ~~ J-i :ijJ..rJI ~ 4J~\ JJlL.:l\

'"i"u Js- Wli Wl:JI ~\ ~L..I)"u\J ~~\ J\'; ':JJ ~ \~~. . .J~\ ~ ~I~\J ~~\ ~l::> ':JIJ o~\ r"jU, 4J.A .p $I JL..J

.~~ J5' ~p:L oJ..:.! ,-?.:ul0~ ~~~\J )~\ ~ ~

• •)a.> ':JJ~ 0~\ ':JJ ~I) ~ ':J LA Js- )~I (~ '-?.f=S:J

\~1 ~~ j ~~ Js- ~~.,1\ ~U\ ~ ~l5' \~~J ~ A ~ Js-•

4J.A ~ ~\) Electronic Microscope JJ.;s:J':J\ ~I ~ ~J• •

0\ i.r:- ~ ~ ~li.#JI 4J.A 4.J~ ':J LA ~)\ ~ 40}"U\ ~l::>':J \•

~ U~ ':J ,)\.).$.\ ~I~\ ~~U\J 0~\ 4J.A ~ LA ~ )~\

if ~ .1>i JS" 4J.A~ ~ 4..,., I.> ) \..iJ~J ,J!.~ 4:...0 j5JJ

. ~U\ ol::> r')\;~ o)~ ~ ~ .~ ~ i~~ li~\ ? ~\

J~\ ~J ~i.J_.;,J1 Js- '-5yiJI~ ~)~\ ~J Js- \2J

0".fi;:JI~ J~J J""""J ~Jw 4ii~ "uJ ~~ '::"~I t.li iJi~~ ~.,u IylS" (,)

. .!.U~ ~ G.,:JLo iJlS" I.S" Ji ~ 4i~ ly lS" I.S" ~~ ~Yo fJ ty~IJ

•~.,AJI ~ ~ ~~IJ .)l:>..:J1 ~~I ~ ~..u: l!.lJ~ 4 rjA.l~

•J,)l ~ o~1 ~ I~ ~J ~I J&- ~I l.S~J 4~"·.~1

.~~

4 l-;.rS'J ~.,..1 ~I J~ ~~~I~ tj wl:.:=l' If• •

0,)6- y~1 J~ ~I~ ~J> .JIbJ 4~.;J1 4 ~L;JI ~ ..l.,.,';Jts'"• •

4~6- ';J\ ~ ~ ~ ~ c.,JJ yJ ~I)I wi ~ 4~;

.~ IfJ ~ ~J L..tjl~i~J

. (\) ~0~)'J j,l.;.u'~ ~A ~ :JLu Jli

,)...u' ).~. j,l.;.u' :o~ ~ ~.,J~' 4S~ ~y:. rLo~' Jli

j..rL' ~ 0~)' 0i ~ .il, ~) ~y-o ~, ,:rJ , (T) O)~ 0~)'J•

.?':l'. . .

Jlcs-' ~ J~J J~ ~J' )~, ~~, ~~,j4 j,l.;.u' 0'>=>J• •

~~ j,l.;.u'J ,o~ Jlcs-\ J~ ~~ ~lk..:>-l' ~~'J ')~'

y.,z ,j4 0~J :i_~_." ..;kL;J.' ,j4 ~ .b.i~ ~~ 4.i~ J>-b

JLo)'J ~,~ J~ "j> olA...41l5' ~~,~ ~i ~ o~

()L... ci~ ~ j.lj..U' r~' "-:"-!..)-~ JJ~ Lo ,~~ ,~~ ~ ~

.oj.lj.l ~~ ~ ( ,lr.~~) o~Lo j'';~

•• •~ ~"-! ~ ,~, ~':l' ~,~ ~~':l',j4 ~ 0~)' Lo'

W ~ ~';J.j...A ~\1~J )~i W. ~ )~, ~ ~ Jlcs-i

~J .~' y~i Ji o~ o~~ ~~ ofj.oJ ,~i Jlo~ c-l ,~~ ,~,; ~\:..:i' lr.~ ~; ~'JY! O~Jj.A o,;:,s. ~'

.(n/oo).:?"'} (\)

ISJ) ~J ,kf,:s JJ!~)..,..l.;s- .:r.'.y- I$J./' J.,AJ' I.J..,.J (\'1/TV) ~W, c.J) ~I) (T)

,jJjlJlJ ,J)I..;;l\ )~.:J.\ Y'J i...:-II -fi ,/.~I jjl-I..J~)\ :Jli 4.ii :J~.:r.' ':"J.I$~I

.....~r"'~ . ..J>i . )lA...a.lIJ )~ JoL:.

1\0

<II

. '

~~;~ ~~)I ~IJ::> ~I JWJ 4,j~ JJI o.J"u J~.:l rYJ

is. Aj JSM"';. J;.;,~ JL. ~ ~~)I o~ ~~ ~jJJ '.J.J.iJ\. .,~ ~'y' ~I~ ~J 'U..,AJ\ .A.s- ~,) ~&~ t.J.;J1 JS-

• c. c. •

JI '~,).rj ~li.Jj JI ,~.,; ~IF JI ,~lA;y! ~I~ .Jl>..:J1 ~ ~~-

. (I) oL. ~I~

. .rY ¥I ~\ft"~\ ~W ~ ~I ~I .J~\ y:. F ~I ~~)IJ

"uJ Big Colonies ~l.Al ~I~M. 0 ~~\ JS'~I ~~J ,~I~\

~ o.J~1 ~Ipl ~ ~1 ~ ~1 ~\~" II o.Lb ~i l;~ ~t5"

. ~UI

~ ,,-:?,)~IJ ,-:?~I ~I ~ ~I.r-." 1I o.Lb ~~ Lo ;s-iJ,~~~ jAll;J~~i ~L;1 rY &.~ ~J ~U\ if ~y!.

. (t) ~~I ~yUl .:lJ.i ~UI ~ ~~ "uJ

. ...;~ A' ..Y' ~..IJ.I rLJIJ.JJ1 (,)

. A' ..Y' ...;~ J.! WI ~ I) (r)

11

. .. - ~

~l:L1 ~)\ ;r l+5L.\ 4.JS' J~\ ~j\ I~!J ~\ : ~~I ~

Jli I,S" ~I ~ ~) ~ ~..c- ~J ~ ~~ 4.JS' j~ ~\ ~i Js­I"uJ ~yb.....J'.r.J.~J ~O.M~ ~ J~\ ~';J~ :JlN

• (1') ~~\ ~\ ~ ~~ Ii!•

4:l;J 4.JS' ~\j ~\ :~..c- J~I \~!J :~'pj\ iL.)'\ J~J

.J. ~J~ d..I# yb.....J\~ ~I ~ ~..c- Ji ~~~iJ ~}~\ ~

. (r) ~ y l>-J\ .r

• (0) ~i..c- J~\ ~J \)Y ~~\ ).,J. i ~ ~ :~i Jli J

~ ::J::Jj:J li~ 4.JS' ~Jf .JA ~~\ )y--o : ~jl)\ ~\ J~

. ( T' I A' ) f..,,5::J1 (,)

:(l.vo/l.).~ ~.r..S ~I rL.~\ J~ .(o'/T'·) ~.i·J\ '-i~ rL.?U~.W\U; (1')

.......i«~~\i .....}JI..::.SjJ..::..A-;J 4SL.i.:/ ..:.J1j -,?i :':;"..r.- J~I b!J"

. ...;~ . 4iy..11 ;1.) . J:, ( 1'1" I I. ) "';~I (T')

. .( n'I' A)~' (I.)

'(",\/01');#' (0)

.

( ,) --c:..~J

~~ (Y~~IJ ).ii~1 ~J~I J::-J ~~I JY ~I :~jl.;L1 J~

J~I (/' ~ ~J ~~IJ ~J~I ~~ ~ ~JJI Jl ;)y ';lJ t.~ J ';l

t lc.li ~ ~~ i;)1~ t.~IJ ~JJI oJIrJ~ lil ~~ yj-J J~ij

. (r) 0';"\11 OJ~ J ~JJI ~\~ ~~J ~ JL,u 4il\ ~I) 4::J! ~y ~ :..~

.~I..J}I.u~ ~ ~J~~ <G!

. (,.) ~~Ir ~~ J~I u';;-J' :JL,u.u; ~G-

~ j;l:J\ ~ ~ i~ 4-Q.-j ~ J~\ u.J~ : ,-?.r,kJ1 J..I~

. (l) i~ ~I ~ ~J ~ i~ olJ! (/'~ ,-?jJl ~\.rJl5'

, ""..I ~

~ ~ ~ ~ Js- y;L\ ~ ,-?\ :J~I U';'-J :~y':Jl J~

~ J~I \.Sj"J' : (fLtu .u; 4:.S- ~~ IcS' lAJ~ (/' 4--li ~JJy. J4\~~ ~;)iJ ~~l.>-JI y--4 ~ ~J 0..L.4~

~~J~:JL,u.u; ~ Jk.:: Ic5' ~~\J ~\~~I ~ ~ ~l>...-I\

. (O)~~~I ~l5' J~I

~jJ\ ~~I i J"!. t.jAJIJ ~1\.SJ..,o J~ ~.;S" t) u~\ 41 ~J

. (q,.It A) .c-SJI ~I (,)

''';'~(''V/1.)..,)j~\~~IJ(,.)

. ( t . IVA) UI (,.)

. (V I", ) ..s;Ja.U.jUl ....~ (1.)-' .. '--

~ ..:.. ) ...u Iii :J.1WI ~ 1,,9"".i~1 J~ ~I.J"" ..::...;15:; JL.; ..J"; ...i-"-"-' .( '"1''' )~WI (JJ (0)

~ )~ .}. J~ ~J J4- Irk" .1.,.1 ~ ~LA;h ~ ~ <siJ ~I.J"" J:.- L.>~

...;,~ ....... i .~1.r-llS" ~ -.;is" ~ ;r <Sf. tip...

:~~ ~i')'~~1 ~~J ~J~\ )~J ~~)~\~.; ~\? (f

.1.5~\ 6..0~\ iy':J~ 01»-~\ o~J. IA.'"

~ J4\ ~LSJ J41J ~)~I ~.; i y.' : JlJU JLi.(\)~~

•1.$\ Il :o~ ~ .tfS ~\ JLi .JUI J")I ~ J:+lI ~\J~ li1 ( ~ ~~ O)~ ~l5" L..~ J")I :J~ J~I ~" .~Li " . ~\ "..!:.->~) ~I ~ AlA' ••, ')'J \...i......;~J~) ~ ". • ~ ~ ~

~~ ~ I.$i ~ ~I) I.$i t;..,i ~J ~ ~.)\J I.$i ~y ~ 1.5'; ~ IQ QQ L'

)L... .)\)IJ J--!.) )Li5J ~~ JlJU JLi { ~ ~J!. ~~ ~J ~~

. (r) (( ~~. i.,Lo1l~ ~.J-') ~! l:..L) L;1 ~ !J"UI

~\J ~O~~\ 6Jjj\ :~)\:4:.S-.JJI~)I.$P} J~

~ J~ ~ ~ <0l5' ~~ 1)1 ~~I ~ (f ~\ J.")I

. (,.)~\ (f ~\ VJ ~~i

JlJUJ <V~ .JJ\ l+R •._-, ~I)\ i~~IJ ~ ~\J)\ J~\ o~

~J :JjJ j:.,.,y. ~ ~ ~~J ~ ~'~I ~ J!.lk:::..i ~ 6..0~\ iY.

.wLiui~~J~~~

,( \1/V,.) J-o)1 (\)

....;~(U·",1T'V/1) ~ ..:r.1~ (r)

~ ~IJ ~~ .i':'i :~t...i&Il .:.Jli :~i J~ ( ,4j.rol1 ,j" ( \ VV /1) IiP)J .,jL:.SJ1 (,.)

,.....i,~ ~~ ~~l.} ..,...u..LI J J:-iJ Jj Iii,~ J::-'" J-o; y...::..,;\5' I$i, ~l>.s

.. 1

•I

(\),,( -' . JLJ.I I' \ );, .. 'L,u Jlj. ,,~ .' ;),)7,J

"o~) ~~ ....L:.: ~lll ~l5' ~ :~y~1 i~~1 Jlj

,(r)~ i.. A.$" J~I ~l5') "~J~I ~J

"~I ~ ~~) C~)I lfj) :~U ..r--:JI ~ 0l:>- yi Jlj

~ ~.r: LtJIk ~ ~.i>i ~ ~) ":~ 4-k; ~..lE ~)

.~I \~! ,.~I ~ Q -;1

-:?JJ ,,1)1) ~\ J..:~ ~)) ~ • .J:, 0~ j-: )~ i))

, (I') J..:~~ ~) 4;~1 JW\JI 0i .?~ ~L..::SJI ~L,

~..r.-=s: 0 i ~~ "J~ I .y- $ .JJ I J r-) \YL .:.:~~ I 0! u~

.~ ~~\ i.J'!. ~ '.,< ~ '- , l;i ~! ~l5")) \.i;9 ~ \i~

l&.lj Lt''D~ u ~ \;;i "JLj..I' $ JL,; ~ : JL,u . I;;J . _, ) - ..r- ".y- -' - 7 if

,(l)~Li~)~y 4:-31.5'; ') IQAP~

. "U \ 0 A '-? jJ \ 1.5 ~oo::.-ll : ...:';; }'i \~ ttji.JI)

. (0) ~JI :~~I) "4:J ~ ~ J..:.-r- "1.5.f-l1 :~ AP .aJI J

~~I i.H. J~I Jly--i 0i 1.5.-r- .? ll\ 4..iJUI ..:..~~ "1.5)JiJI)

. ( \ . Ivv) 0)L.}1 (I)

. ( I v,.In) ~WI el)) (I')

. ...;~ J.'WI (,.)

.(I.v_I.o/,.·).J. (1)

<$i ,~ lA..l.>-IJ ,)1A...AJ1 J')\;;ll ":tJ '~l:-JI : "::-"'~I : (\"1 'II I ) .......~ ~ ~.;11 ,;S~ (0)

.......i ........~ 1 '¥ J 4-:i t.LA:;.;I '¥ ~.,,:-o .......) ..,I'

,..

...... .......-c -....., .....,

).... (L L 0'. c- '-~' (:...r .L, ., ~ r:-.v- .L. c- p\\. ~),

''t .L -:- \ . ~~ c- ~ ~. ·t. ~ ~ ~ 1''' ••~ t c-

-:;- ..~: ":'~..~ - ..~----1 l, .L.' ~-,. c·, .'~ l- ~ ~ - 'fA, ~ ~.V L. ~ -!: (;.',~ '1·l.L. -~ ~ 1 ,'f7" ..... C: k.

;l [\\ '1~ ~~ '\; : .... .f., ._ ~ ,

~ ~: ,e,.. ~. .c- t ::; '(, ·(: ~ .,~ [ .~ - .~ l (:.c;; 1· 'f' ~t-' c- ~ ,c. c· ~ c~.. t' f.L. 'e:. ~ l' ....

\., ~.. - l:. '\; ~ C, '0 • f.... ~ ~ :f ,t-' f .t. .L. ~ 2 .~. ..~ ~, -~ 'te.. .k ~' ~ ..L.' - ~." e.- - ), v·- ''t L 1~ '<t. 'V ~. ~~ ~ .L.' ~c-

l 't. ~ f· ,p, '1· l'~ ,~~ t f- ·r 't ~.' ~ ~ .~ 1 • : t~ s(h .~. ~ , ,= .[:. ." S; C· ~ r C·t- l:... (;: e,..\., 9 '. -. .1.

to ~ C· ~' .... , ~ 'f ~, ::-.~ ·f·?= .~ ~ J; ~ _ ~ ~.~' ,.. v- ~ ~ ~ ,,, " !-), ..- ~- - - \ \., ~

J- C· ....~ ~... C- C- .L.

t. r.' r l' .r' {:

c .~ .L. - fA•. -=... - - ~ , ..C. '] 1 .L. c· C-o ~- rIf: ..;: )-. t. :!::l> ~. c' ti (.~,_ \., ~ -"l;: F; 'f... .... \.,

I.~ ~o .t Cc- c· .. '1Vr;o E..: C- ..

o .L.t • ,.- ~- •C..'te.. - _... .~ ct. ~, (' :~ ~'~, .l \- J- l 1:

\ .L c· ~ -:r- '.~. C " .~!'r- ,. r. ~. c;.. Co '

f t ~ t ~:'1_~ r... -:r- J .L.~•• ;1:' c·· c--.~( ~ .~" t '.~ Vl' ~ .r,' "..L.\., C ~- -c- l' •r:- .... -~ ~ ~:.

.. fi= ~ ,~. c.:- .L C_ \., Eo ,h' 1

o.~

f.~

;;-

~'(;.. e..;;- 'c.,'b 'c..~ 'to~ ~'.f -~ t:-0 Q

~ 1~ .

"~" '-~ . C-o- l. :~~ _0_'- ......1 f'!:~ \E- ......

• ~o f f'{.. .0 C-

~ f ~ °o~.r· ~o t~ _1 C- .'1;:. -"l: o.~ L.- - '-

\t\~.r-- ~ ~~st.o~ f.

or. t [0 e..~ ~ "0" 1.:

.­.

.-

• ..... •

,

.. _ 'It ::: "

• ~\ 6,j 1-.:. \;;, . 'fl " .. L-.:5" ~)lJ ~\~ ~ ~ .r--. ~..f>. J (,.J':"Y'._ '.~

'"·~\r

~ __JJ ~ 12~ -4-£ I$> ~I :..r ~I I~ ~ ~ ~J

(,t-I~ ..,-""I~ ~~..u\ .s.::J1.> ~ ~I :..r JS" ~l (, ~l::i~~ J}~I ~

~ I"uJ (,~IJ ~~ ~ i~ ~I~I ~ 4:..J..~ ~iJ ~ ~

..u ~I 0~.J.iJ1 ~~" ~ ~i ~

J~ ~ ~lA~IJ J:J..u14.SJ!. (, U )i.lIJ ~).~l ~I ~~ (.$.il IJ

. (,) ~~~I I"U ~J

~I~ . (t) ~~l$'" J~I ~~J~ ;~~WI o~.J- ~ JloU Jlj

,-""UI ~~ i~~ ;JloU .u; ~ ~ ~J ~:; :ls.~WI O)y­

~ ~IJ (1")~~~1 ~~l5' J~I ~~J (,~~I ~I.;JIS"

. (t) .jraJi

~.PJI 4.:':JU (, tJ:-al1 J raJl Y. ~I ; (.$JI~1 ~~~I Jlj

~ ~~ (,~.,;..:J.l t..~1 JraJlS" ~~ :ls.~WI ~~ Jl:-:l\~! J~

~)1 ~ ~ ~ .;.L.~I :..r .jraJu .. 4=J~ ~ ~ jl.;Jl 0l)S:.Jl o:.u. ~•

~ ~I Jl:-:l1 ~i ~ ~ ~ (.$.il IJ (, ~I ~I ~ ~~ ,-?.lJ1

.....;~ ,y,WI (,)

.( -,;y.) (;lAiI (r)

. ( 0/' '" ) ~ ;till (,.)

..jJ~";; ~.?J (tVn).~~ I$.r.kl l ~L.:'lI;.;.s. Jt:>,.ll YOJ ,...LO>G: J o.)i.:..i;.;.s. (t)

';-.;A.II J ('Y·/IV) ';"WJI.J J~ J.1..jJ~ '))Ji t.S ,.;"I.,J'.II <.$~ Ji r'.lL. Ji t~L

. t... ....... L. J (fA1/''')

~~~J~LS" ~~\J~I~~~~)~•

lA.b= J/'~\ J~I ~lS' I~!J 4~)\ rJ'! ~l ~ ~J 4~_ ..kJ

,-?jJ\ ~~.t-l' lA.b= J~lS" ~~" ~~\~ 4~ 'U

• (I) ~\.J""' ~ ~

J~I~~J9:~i4J;J~~lS'J~I~~J9JW4Jyi ~

~ I.LAJ 4J~IJlk.. ~ 4~.,uIJ~Ilr. J~ ~~.,cll ~lS'

~ J~I ~ If ~.iJ\ Jl )J~I ~\ rY' ~l:J1 JlS:;~1 l:J

.~WI ~~~I v.P~ If O~J ~I I~ ~ lfij\kl•

JjJ 4JIJjJI JllA.r1~ ~WI ~~ ~ ~l:iIl rJ'! J~IJ. "'+~~... O.A>-IJ~~ JI O.A>-IJ O~J ~ ~~ UIJj ~ ~~

~LS"~~ .r>~\J 4~lS'~ ~\J 4~~~(T) ". ;. .11. r..r.r-

r~'~ .u-i Jp.ul i\:_}~' .),~! 'l.lJ'..,..•.1I .u-i ~ i\::-~ 't-J' ras- .) ()\-~, (I)

. ..;,~ T'I 0 ...... .)'.)~1

. ..;,~~W, c::)' (T)

..

~I rJ . (I) ~ ~~ ~~\ ,i Lti>. ~i fii ~ :JL,v .0} ~

~~ Js-~ JL,vJ~~ J=l-l w4 ~ ~~ ~ JL,v.0} o~ .)..$.

¥ WI.JJ.=:-- Ji ~ Ji~ ~~ ,;r ~ ~~ 0.,5J\ ,;r ~\.,5J\ ,;r

~ Ji ~}~\ ~~4l--1 ~~~ J1~ ~\.,5J\ ooU ~ f ,~~>!. ~ J.>I.,JI ~~I ~\~i ~.; ~ '45';>~I u~~L::L1 ,;r ~l£

.~~~ l,( ~

.. ..~l.l:- ~ UI t ~\J ~~ JU J-:i..ul ~\ ~\ loUJ

• (T) uL.5:.LiJ\ 4..,jc::"I\ .1_11 J~\M J MY'"' ,.:r-- N N

u~~ Ji ,w~ .}~ IoU o~ .)..$. ~\ ,-?i.J J-: tJ

Js- ~~~ o~ .)..$. i~~1 4:-11 ~J (t)~ ~Li> 4;5JJ

.(tv/v~) ...:...ls· jUI (I)

. OJ4jJ ...;~ ~WI )~I (t)

wi (...,s:.J1 wi.;.!1 "':'I)~~ 0.J"'"'WI ~I "':'L:~I o.u. ~) ..j>.A -,?i11Js- ~ J (if (,.)

.~ ~I0..J+':" t.l.J:-!J' lrr,:J'~ if hJ~

~I iy.J\ ~ ~~\ ~~\ IoU ~ o)YJ ~I ulJ~- 1I

. ,+-jj)i~ rW1~ ~I 4_')i)1 ~ ~J

i' eo- ·1 ~ LA~ ~~I ii tA.1.> ~i fiii ~ :JIA;J d.j~ 4.l"; ~J• •

~ ~ fi' JAl :J~ e,jl ~ .,I)IJ 'w "~\J '&YJ c:.P( ,) ~ ~ ::i _. • 'I 4 .12.,JI I II ~ 1..:..- '\ i"! I • i M ... i '. <:" 10 1\

• •• -:,"",:,-, 0_ ~~ ~ i ,loA.\>~ J r..J-' ~.r-

.. ...... ..~ e,jW~1 J-1> e,j~ ~~J ,o.ul;J.~ ~ f\ ~ ~ .AiJ

• •~I.J>'\ ~J ~ ~ ~~I J.l> J1 ~I 1~1 '~J o~

6..l.JA5 ~ ~~ e,jJ~ ~ ~ r-r"~~ ~jS e,jl5" l~lJ 'J,:-J..

. (T)~IJ"l:J1 J.l> ~ fii ~J~\J uly-JI J1;L~ :J~

~ J"~ ~}'i\July-JI J.l> ~jJl ~ Ji~: ~i JIA; JliJ

~LA~~ JIA; 6..l";J .~ ~~I J~\ .JAJ ~ ~ ~. e,ji

. (r) ~ LA \.,..J~~J ~ : Jli ~ f 6..l~~, .

~WI ~~~\ ~ 4,;S. JJ\ ~J oJ..:S' .u:. i~>,1 ~IJ J1 .,y.. - • .., • Co

e,jl ~1 ,~?I u~\ ~ ~1 J~\J ~ JJI ~ \.( ~~I ~~ ~ LA)\J

d.j~ ~1 ~J.i ~1 ~ jj lrl~ ~ ~.~ ~ J~ ~ %. (1) JIA;J

.( I'AO/Y") J~ ~y.t...ll ~I~ t:1) (I)

. ( t. Y' /Y' 1) ~ j 1)1 .;..All ~I .,r.--A:JI )Q.; I (,..)

~1.,s::J1 tus:.. ,.~)~1~'p ,.l:.AJI.~ ,.L:.:JI ~~ 41u:- ~i :~rJl ~VI •.:u. ~J (Y')

.J~(t.iA/t.).:? If.1t:1)''l.-UiJI41.:UI~

.J~ Y',' ...... rWl~ ~ r~:'J1 (1)

..

~~~\ ~J ~~WI ~J~I ~~~I ~ J.;JI ~L: ~ ~Ji ..uJ

'J! ~W\ ~lj.)J ~~IJ~~I ~Lk.l J! ~~) J.-£ 'JJ ~~}~I

~ ~\.".-JI Jl.> ~ :JL,v .u,; Joh.: \.$jJIJ . ~L::JIJ 4.>l..4AJ1 ~~)

. (y) ~ lrJ'; .4.S- ~ ~ I.".-JI t' J ~ :.u,;J (,) ~ lr J'; .4.S-

~ ~JJ ~~I Jl.> ~ ~lrJ';.4.S- ~~ JL,v.u; ~

lA..uu ~ loU ~~ ~~ ( .4.S- ~) Jlj .,J ~i ~! ~.) ~

~i .JJ \ (s \.$ jJ\ t'ly\ ~l:s: Jlk.ll ~\J ~ ~yO .;::S-J ~yO ~ ~

~ ~i ~JJI j~~I:f ~l5:.j ~~ ~ o.)~J <lA..l> ~! \.$J+:­

~ ~~I ~IJ (lrJ';) .u~ ~)\J J1=l1 ~ ..4.JI ~ .Jjl

~) ~l~~ ( .4.S- ) .JibJ J~ :.u ~.;i Jl ~Ji ~J!. ( LrJ';)

'Ji ~fi;J lrykj :f ~ \.$ i (~yO .;::S- ~) J I (~yO .4.S-

(,.) L:..I\ ,. -. .r--"" ~..r

4j# LrJ'; ~~I ~i ~l ~l5" ~~\ ljl ~i l~! ~I ~• •

'~J '11 ~I ~ ~L:JI o~ L. ~ ..4.J1 ~fi;J ~ .4.S- ~ ~.; yO

J~ '1 b.;--~ yOi ~i ~";.)1 ~~\ if ~\ 'lr: ~ ~i ~J _

JJ'JI ~l5" ~!J ,~I.;JI ~I :f ~~~y\ "jS J ~.JJ\ 'J! ~

~~.,Jlj ~~! ,~l j~~\ \.$y: \.$jJ\ J}~I ~y\ .Jib 4;11\ ~

.( , . In ) ~I.AJ (\)

.( ,.. I , T') ~)I (1")

J~I~ ~.rJ1 ~1 ~ (JL.ALI J---All ~i ...;J~IJ . o,)~j! ...;~ T'iY~ J:'LJI (T')

. .fA'"J .rM' JS" ~ '! ~r.l-l,;,:~i r:J1 ~'J ,.r::-- Jl>- Y' ) 'J:.i:-llJ

rL...~IJ ~ (,) ~..L..>i ;r ~Lo ':J ~l (-.rSJ\ ~~ ~blf ~")IS

U-=:-Oull ~r1}~\ ~i ~!J ~ ~I Js- ~I ~ (Y) I.$P- jI• •

~\ ~ ~ ~f .J-s, ~ 1.$1 ~ ~ ~ (liJ.})~ 4.r ,)lA.:-l\

.kAj ~) I.$jl)\ ~\ :?JJ . 6,jJ~ 4S'L-.l ~J 1.5.} ':J ~.J-s,- -~ .J-s, ~ I.$i trJ.} .J-s, ~ ~~\ ~ J 6..il : Jlii ~~\ 1.$i)~

oj~lJ o~J.jJ ~J JL,u .ill oJ"u '-:t )) .M-J\~ ~i ':Jl ~\. .':JJ ~..L..:J\ ~~ ~J.J! ':J -1J"'l:J\~ - r-r IJ ~ JlJ-\ j:=I-\ l.} ~ld

• (r) ~L-.':J\ ~~ w..s ~ .. - - ~~

~ oJ-:S- ~ ~\ ~.J""'WI ~.r-il\ r~l I.$i J Jl ~ J \~lJ

. (t) ~ ~~ ~~\ ri.W;.. ~i fii~: JL,u 0..1;~

•L"~ Jl~ O.;.-J\ ~I~':JI ~ ~l:.:J\: o~ ~~' Jlj

.ill~ \~J ~o..L..>\J ~ 4:--0 ~~ ~~ ~ ~J

~ ")IS~ ~ L" f~1 4.r ~ ~ ~ ")IS ~J ~~\~~

~~\ Y' .J.>\J r"~ ~J ~ ~\ ~ .J.>\J ~~ ~ ~l$' ~ ~ o)~

Jl oJl;l «f~1 4.r ~ Js- ~ ")IS ~ II 0..I.,.u ~ L;.,.Lu ~\

L")) :0..1~ ~~4LIJ 45"~I (f J5J ~~\ ( ~ljW\ ~ y!.JZ

~~\J' : JL,u..J";~ ~ \r. C.J"'" cS:..I (I o)~ ~ ")IS~ ~

. ..;,~ T'W,,;l' ~I .r- .) r')\...~\ (,)

...;,~ .u~l;l,) . j" (n. IT') ";'~\)ail (T)

. ..;,~ (, 11/TO) lijl)l,;.All ~I ~I t>:"1; (T')

. (TVIv,) .:,,~JUI (I.)

\ • V

..

..

, ,~I ..12..iI &~ .>.;.s. )~ Lei ~iJ)) :J~ ~l e,) ~ lAIl.:: L.,J

~ 1J~ ~1.,5J\ )L...J .rAJIJ ~I ~ ,~~ IJjJ\ 0.,5J\ l~

~ J W) lJi JJI o~ J.iJ ,~I ~ I~ . LrI).l4 ~ I!J~J lr.:)~

01)~ ) ~ ) ~ ,~ tf ~ ~~ w ~1.,5J1 tf ~~ ~

~ 4..0 WI ~~l:;L1 j,~J'! ~ J!~ ~\.,5J1 o~ ~J' ~ ~

.Ji (( ~ ~~ l.,( ~ ~>!. ~ ~lyl,~1 ,I?i~.;

~ ,)1)1) ,u.~ 0") .~I) Iii 10" I~ JrPY r""'1 I L. I : ~).r-All Jli .(0/\' )..,....;JI (,)

. ( \VT'0/T" ) ~>.'l..&Il ~I ,r.:-A; ~I) .~WI y) .lJ1

o :~~ , ,..,.." ',., ".. ,., .., " " " .

A ,., , , "' ,, .. ,.,, , , , " , :\..o..>..Q....

'0........................................................................................ 0l>-~...t' J ~~I JI i.S""::- \ (

'V " ...J')~\J "::"'\J~ iY)lJ ~\

,~ ~....................................................................................... ...J')~\J "::"'\.,,-JI J1>-r, . ..::.,. I",...... c:-or'r , "................................................. yo-AJI Jj\.;..o

'1"0 ~\.>i.:.r...J')~\~

r'l ,... 0~ .:r.~\ c.,rr ~ ' , J~I t.1yi

r· . ...J' )~ I ~J.?

f' ~~I c.J.r.

fr '''' ~ ~ 1.$J!. ~\lAll>- III' . ~\fO ~ ~~ ~~) J

r,\ ~".Ij.\ ..::.,.':>\.....:>\}\ JL.Yo (..?JI 0\yAJI ~

,v.. ~ )~\ I~!J

rj,. "::"'I~IJ ..::.,.~\yJI

1., , (...-.5J\ 01yAJI 4:JI J.:-~ ..::.,.~~

i f...... "................................... O)~ JIA;... ~ y~ ~

1.1. .,.... , ~~, ~ ~ l.$jJl

~. Cl ',............................................... ~yo-AJ\ ;,;..jIJ ~\ ;,;..j\

1. V '" i.S AJ r}\.,.l c.~)1

•~

1A~ J~IJ I III J JlI ~J~ ~

or ~I,f ~I CAJ ~I If'" .}-I CA00 Jlli~~~~~J

OV i ~I c:!1Y"

i· )I~~ 0~' tL.;1

i1 ~)~I o..$"JI ';jljj

iA IS.? ~I ~1.,,501 ~ ~~I

vt J~I ":"!)J..l ~.f""

~. i I - 1<'"Vi "-'. 'U <~-' J"" Y

VA 4...; 1....;ll o_L...l1 ~.~',~

V, .A1 4...:;UI :;s:.~.l: j ~ J1 '~Ji _. . '- '

Ai .

Ai .

M •• _1\ • JI- -'UI ~""'I 'I "'1 'I .: ..... , 'IAA 0J.r--" o..I..A y:" J"" ~. ~ J ~ .0.::->'~

00 .;t~ )\J .~.J1l1

'V ~_4l.i1l ".~ J~.J! JL-

'.1 ",,::.:..i\.:...oJo..l.~ - ~. :

top related