1.pendahuluan 2

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© 1998 Prentice-Hall, Inc.© 1998 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Geologi Geologi

Statistika Statistika

the present is the key to the past (hari ini adalah kunci hari kemarin),

the present is the key to the future.

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Thinking ChallengeThinking Challenge

In its 1994 annual In its 1994 annual survey, the American survey, the American Council on Education Council on Education reported that 12.5% of reported that 12.5% of college students college students smoke. In this class, smoke. In this class, what is the % of what is the % of students who smoke? students who smoke? What must you do to What must you do to answer this question?answer this question?

AloneAlone GroupGroup Class Class

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Thinking ChallengeThinking Challenge

1. Apakah ada beda signifikan pada 1. Apakah ada beda signifikan pada komposisi dua contoh granit yang komposisi dua contoh granit yang berasal berasal dari dua intrusi?; dari dua intrusi?;

2. Apakah ada sifat siklusitas yang teratur 2. Apakah ada sifat siklusitas yang teratur pada perulangan pada perulangan lapisan-lapisan tipis batu lapisan-lapisan tipis batu gamping?gamping?

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Introduction to Introduction to StatisticsStatistics

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What Is Statistics?What Is Statistics?

1.1. The science of dataThe science of data

2.2. Involves:Involves: CollectingCollecting ClassifyingClassifying SummarizingSummarizing OrganizingOrganizing AnalyzingAnalyzing InterpretingInterpreting

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What Is Statistics?What Is Statistics?

Why?Why?1.1. The science of dataThe science of data

2.2. Involves:Involves: CollectingCollecting ClassifyingClassifying SummarizingSummarizing OrganizingOrganizing AnalyzingAnalyzing InterpretingInterpreting

PurposesPurposesPurposesPurposes

UnderstandingUnderstanding

© 1984-1994 T/Maker Co.

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© 1998 Prentice-Hall, Inc.© 1998 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

What Is Statistics?What Is Statistics?

Why?Why?1.1. The science of dataThe science of data

2.2. Involves:Involves: CollectingCollecting ClassifyingClassifying SummarizingSummarizing OrganizingOrganizing AnalyzingAnalyzing InterpretingInterpreting

PurposesPurposesPurposesPurposes

UnderstandingUnderstanding

Decision-Decision-MakingMaking

© 1984-1994 T/Maker Co.

© 1984-1994 T/Maker Co.

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Examples of UsesExamples of Uses

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Examples of UsesExamples of Uses

AccountingAccounting AuditingAuditing CostingCosting

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Examples of UsesExamples of Uses

AccountingAccounting AuditingAuditing CostingCosting

ManagementManagement Describe employeesDescribe employees Quality improvementQuality improvement

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Examples of UsesExamples of Uses

AccountingAccounting AuditingAuditing CostingCosting

ManagementManagement Describe employeesDescribe employees Quality improvementQuality improvement

FinanceFinance Financial trendsFinancial trends ForecastingForecasting

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Examples of UsesExamples of Uses

AccountingAccounting AuditingAuditing CostingCosting

ManagementManagement Describe employeesDescribe employees Quality improvementQuality improvement

FinanceFinance Financial trendsFinancial trends ForecastingForecasting

MarketingMarketing Consumer Consumer

preferencespreferences Marketing mix effectsMarketing mix effects

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Types of Types of Statistical ApplicationsStatistical Applications

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Types of Types of Statistical Statistical

ApplicationsApplications

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Types of Types of Statistical Statistical

ApplicationsApplications

StatisticalMethods

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Types of Types of Statistical Statistical

ApplicationsApplications

StatisticalMethods

DescriptiveStatistics

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Types of Types of Statistical Statistical

ApplicationsApplications

StatisticalMethods

DescriptiveStatistics

InferentialStatistics

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Descriptive Descriptive StatisticsStatistics

1.1. InvolvesInvolves Collecting dataCollecting data Presenting dataPresenting data Characterizing Characterizing

datadata

2.2. PurposePurpose Describe dataDescribe data

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Descriptive Descriptive StatisticsStatistics

1.1. InvolvesInvolves Collecting dataCollecting data Presenting dataPresenting data Characterizing Characterizing

datadata

2.2. PurposePurpose Describe dataDescribe data X = 30.5 SX = 30.5 S22 = 113 = 113

00

2525

5050

Q1Q1 Q2Q2 Q3Q3 Q4Q4

$$

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Inferential StatisticsInferential Statistics

1.1. InvolvesInvolves EstimationEstimation Hypothesis Hypothesis

testingtesting

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Inferential StatisticsInferential Statistics

1.1. InvolvesInvolves EstimationEstimation Hypothesis Hypothesis

testingtesting

Population?Population?

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Inferential StatisticsInferential Statistics

1.1. InvolvesInvolves EstimationEstimation Hypothesis Hypothesis

testingtesting

2.2. PurposePurpose Make decisions Make decisions

about population about population characteristicscharacteristics

Population?Population?

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Fundamental ElementsFundamental Elements

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Fundamental Fundamental ElementsElements

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Fundamental Fundamental ElementsElements

1.1. PopulationPopulation: All items : All items of interestof interest

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Fundamental Fundamental ElementsElements

1.1. PopulationPopulation: All items : All items of interestof interest PopulationPopulation

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Fundamental Fundamental ElementsElements

1.1. PopulationPopulation: All items : All items of interestof interest

2.2. VariableVariable: Population : Population characteristiccharacteristic

PopulationPopulation

2119

20

1819

18

20 2018

AgeAge

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Fundamental Fundamental ElementsElements

1.1. PopulationPopulation: All items : All items of interestof interest

2.2. VariableVariable: Population : Population characteristic characteristic

3.3. SampleSample: Portion of : Portion of populationpopulation

PopulationPopulation

2119

20

1819

18

20 2018

AgeAge

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Fundamental Fundamental ElementsElements

1.1. PopulationPopulation: All items : All items of interestof interest

2.2. VariableVariable: Population : Population characteristiccharacteristic

3.3. SampleSample: Portion of : Portion of populationpopulation

PopulationPopulation

SampleSample

21211919

20

1819

18

20 2018

AgeAge

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Fundamental Fundamental ElementsElements

1.1. PopulationPopulation: All items : All items of interestof interest

2.2. VariableVariable: Population : Population characteristiccharacteristic

3.3. SampleSample: Portion of : Portion of populationpopulation

4.4. ParameterParameter: Summary : Summary measure about measure about populationpopulation

Population Population mean age, mean age, , is 19.2, is 19.2

PopulationPopulation

SampleSample

21211919

20

1819

18

20 2018

AgeAge

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© 1998 Prentice-Hall, Inc.© 1998 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Fundamental Fundamental ElementsElements

1.1. PopulationPopulation: All items : All items of interestof interest

2.2. VariableVariable: Population : Population characteristiccharacteristic

3.3. SampleSample: Portion of : Portion of populationpopulation

4.4. ParameterParameter: Summary : Summary measure about measure about populationpopulation

5.5. StatisticStatistic: Summary : Summary measure about measure about samplesample

Population Population mean age, mean age, , is 19.2, is 19.2

PopulationPopulation

SampleSample

Sample Sample mean age,mean age, XX, is 20, is 20

21211919

20

1819

18

20 2018

AgeAge

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Types of DataTypes of Data

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Data TypesData Types

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Data TypesData Types

Data

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Data TypesData Types

Data

Quantitative

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Data TypesData Types

Data

Quantitative Qualitative

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Data TypesData Types

Data

Quantitative Qualitative

Interval Ratio

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Data TypesData Types

Data

Quantitative Qualitative

Interval Ratio Nominal Ordinal

Data

Quantitative Qualitative

Interval Ratio Nominal Ordinal

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Data Type ExamplesData Type Examples

QuantitativeQuantitative IntervalInterval

What is the temperature? ___ (° Celsius)What is the temperature? ___ (° Celsius) Ratio Ratio

How tall are you? ___ (Inches)How tall are you? ___ (Inches)

QualitativeQualitative NominalNominal

Do you own savings bonds? __ Yes __ NoDo you own savings bonds? __ Yes __ No OrdinalOrdinal

How do you rate this (excellent, good, bad)? ___How do you rate this (excellent, good, bad)? ___

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Are they quantitative or qualitative? Are they quantitative or qualitative?

Thinking ChallengeThinking Challenge

1.1. GenderGender Male, femaleMale, female

2.2. WeightWeight 123, 140.2 etc.123, 140.2 etc.

3.3. Auto speedAuto speed 78, 64, 45 etc.78, 64, 45 etc.

4.4. TemperatureTemperature 78, 64, 85 etc.78, 64, 85 etc.

5.5. # Siblings# Siblings 0-2, 3-5, 6+0-2, 3-5, 6+

6.6. Letter gradeLetter grade A, B, C etc.A, B, C etc.

AloneAlone GroupGroup Class Class

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Collecting DataCollecting Data

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Data SourcesData Sources

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Data SourcesData Sources

DataSources

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Data SourcesData Sources

DataSources

Primary

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Data SourcesData Sources

DataSources

Primary Secondary

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Data SourcesData Sources

DataSources

Primary Secondary

Experiment

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Data SourcesData Sources

DataSources

Primary Secondary

Experiment Survey

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Data SourcesData Sources

DataSources

Primary Secondary

Experiment Survey Observation

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Data SourcesData Sources

DataSources

Primary Secondary

Experiment Survey Observation Published

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ConclusionConclusion

1.1. Defined statisticsDefined statistics

2.2. Described the uses of statisticsDescribed the uses of statistics

3.3. Distinguished descriptive & inferential Distinguished descriptive & inferential statisticsstatistics

4.4. Defined population, sample, variable, Defined population, sample, variable, parameter, & statisticparameter, & statistic

5.5. Explained the types of dataExplained the types of data

6.6. Compared the sources of dataCompared the sources of data

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This Class...This Class...

1.1. What was the most important thing you What was the most important thing you learned in class today?learned in class today?

2.2. What do you still have questions about?What do you still have questions about?

3.3. How can today’s class be improved?How can today’s class be improved?

Please take a moment to answer the following questions in writing:

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Tuliskan!Tuliskan!

1.1.Apa hal yang paling penting Anda Apa hal yang paling penting Anda pelajari di kelas hari ini? pelajari di kelas hari ini?

2.2.Pertanyaan apa yang diajukan?Pertanyaan apa yang diajukan?

3.3.Apa yang perlu diperbaiki dari Apa yang perlu diperbaiki dari pertemuan hari ini?pertemuan hari ini?

End of Chapter

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