iv

ABSTRAK

PENGARUH SEDUHAN RIMPANG KUNYIT KUNING (Curcuma longa

L.) TERHADAP WAKTU REAKSI SEDERHANA

Petra Irfanya Mutiara Kartika, 2017 Pembimbing I : Fen Tih, dr., M. Kes. Pembimbing II : Julia Windi G, dr., M. Kes. Lebih dari satu miliar orang di dunia menderita kecacatan. Kecacatan dapat menurunkan produktivitas penderitanya. Kecelakaan kerja dan kecelakaan lalu lintas merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kecacatan yang dapat dicegah dengan meningkatkan konsentrasi, kewaspadaan, kecepatan refleks, dan kecepatan bereaksi. Mengonsumsi minuman atau suplemen yang mempersingkat waktu reaksi dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi, kewaspadaan, kecepatan refleks, dan kecepatan bereaksi. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan seduhan rimpang kunyit kuning (Curcuma longa L.) yang merupakan bahan alami yang aman dikonsumsi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kunyit kuning terhadap waktu reaksi sederhana. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental kuasi, dengan rancangan pretest dan post-

test terhadap 30 laki-laki berusia 18-22 tahun. Waktu reaksi sederhana auditori dan visual subjek dinilai dengan kronoskop (pretest). Subjek mengonsumsi seduhan serbuk rimpang kunyit kuning, lalu istirahat selama 90 menit, kemudian waktu reaksi visual dan auditori subjek dinilai kembali (post-test). Data waktu reaksi dicatat dalam satuan milidetik. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Rerata waktu reaksi sederhana berkurang secara sangat bermakna, dari 164 milidetik menjadi 60 milidetik. Berdasarkan uji statistik dapat disimpulkan bahwa seduhan rimpang kunyit kuning meningkatkan waktu reaksi sederhana. Kata kunci : Kunyit Kuning, Waktu Reaksi Sederhana, Curcuma longa L., Kecacatan

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ABSTRACT

EFFECT OF YELLOW TURMERIC RHIZOME STEEPING (Curcuma

longa L.) ON SIMPLE REACTION TIME

Petra Irfanya Mutiara Kartika, 2017 1

stTutor :Fen Tih, dr., M. Kes.

2nd

Tutor :Julia Windi G, dr., M. Kes.

More than a billion people in the world today experience disability. These

people generally have lower productivity. Traffic accidents and workplace

accidents are one of the major causes of disability that can be prevented by

increasing concentration, alertness, speed of reflex, and reacting speed.

Drinks or supplements that shorten reaction time can increase concentration,

alertness, speed of reflex, and reacting speed. In this study, researcher used

yellow turmeric rhizome steeping (Curcuma longa L.), which is safe natural

ingredient to be consumed. The objective of this research was to determine the

effect of yellow turmeric on simple reaction time. This study was quasi-

experimental, using pretest and post-test design, conducted on 30 men aged

between 18-22 years. Participants’ auditory and visual reaction time were

recorded by chronoscope (pretest). Subjects were asked to consume yellow

turmeric rhizome steeping. Participants took rest for 90 minutes and then their

auditory and visual reaction time was re-assesed (post-test). Data were

analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The average of simple reaction

time decreased significantly, from 164 millisecond to 60 millisecond after

consuming yellow turmeric rhizome. Therefore, it can be concluded that the

yellow turmeric rhizome speeds up simple reaction time.

Keywords:Yellow Turmeric, , Cognitive Function, Curcuma longa L.,

Disability

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DAFTAR ISI

Halaman LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ................................................................................. ii

SURAT PERNYATAAN ..................................................................................... iii

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................ iv

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ v

KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................... xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang .............................................................................................. 1

1.2 Identifikasi Masalah ...................................................................................... 3

1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................... 3

1.4 Manfaat Karya Tulis Ilmiah .......................................................................... 3

1.5 Kerangka Pemikiran dan Hipotesis Penelitian .............................................. 3

1.5.1 Kerangka Pemikiran ............................................................................... 3

1.5.2 Hipotesis Penetilian ................................................................................ 5

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .......................................................................... 6

2.1 Proses Pengolahan Stimulus Menjadi Respon Motorik ................................ 6

2.1.1 Proses Pengolahan Cahaya Menjadi Stimulus di Susunan Saraf Pusat .. 6

2.1.2 Proses Pengolahan Suara Menjadi Stimulus di Susunan Saraf Pusat ..... 8

2.1.3 Pengolahan Stimulus Menjadi Respon Motorik ................................... 12

2.1.4 Formatio Retikularis ............................................................................. 14

2.1.5 Neurotransmitter pada Proses Pengolahan Stimulus ............................ 14

2.2 Waktu Reaksi .............................................................................................. 16

2.2.1 Jenis-Jenis Waktu Reaksi ..................................................................... 17

2.2.2 Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Waktu Reaksi .............................. 18

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2.3 Kunyit Kuning (Curcuma longa L.) ............................................................ 23

2.3.1 Taksonomi Kunyit Kuning ............................................................. 23

2.3.2 Kandungan Kimiawi Kunyit Kuning .................................................... 24

2.3.3 Manfaat Konsumsi Kunyit Kuning ....................................................... 25

2.3.4 Efek Samping dan Toksisitas Kunyit Kuning ...................................... 26

2.4 Pengaruh Kurkumin terhadap Sistem Saraf ................................................ 26

BAB III BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN ........................................... 28

3.1 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ........................................................................... 28

3.1.1 Alat Penelitian ...................................................................................... 28

3.1.2 Bahan Penelitian ................................................................................... 28

3.2 Subjek Penelitian ......................................................................................... 28

3.3 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ..................................................................... 29

3.4 Metode Penelitian ........................................................................................ 29

3.4.1 Desain Penelitian .................................................................................. 29

3.4.2 Variabel Penelitian................................................................................ 29

3.4.3 Definisi Operasional Variabel .............................................................. 30

3.4.4 Perhitungan Besar Sampel .................................................................... 30

3.5 Prosedur Kerja ............................................................................................. 31

3.5.1 Persiapan Subjek Penelitian .................................................................. 31

3.5.2 Persiapan Bahan Uji ............................................................................. 31

3.5.3 Prosedur Penelitian ............................................................................... 31

3.6 Metode Analisis ........................................................................................... 32

3.6.1 Analisis Data ......................................................................................... 32

3.6.2 Hipotesis Statistik ................................................................................. 32

3.6.3 Kriteria Uji ............................................................................................ 33

3.7 Aspek Etik Penelitian .................................................................................. 33

BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................ 34

4.1 Hasil Penelitian ........................................................................................... 34

4.2 Pembahasan ................................................................................................. 35

4.3 Pengujian Hipotesis Penelitian .................................................................... 38

4.3.1 Hipotesis ............................................................................................... 38

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4.3.2 Hal-hal yang Mendukung ..................................................................... 38

4.3.3 Hal-Hal yang Tidak Mendukung .......................................................... 38

4.3.4 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................... 38

BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN .................................................................... 39

5.1. Simpulan ..................................................................................................... 39

5.2. Saran ........................................................................................................... 39

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 40

LAMPIRAN I ...................................................................................................... 43

LAMPIRAN II .................................................................................................... 44

LAMPIRAN III ................................................................................................... 45

LAMPIRAN IV ................................................................................................... 46

LAMPIRAN V ..................................................................................................... 48

RIWAYAT HIDUP ............................................................................................. 50

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel Halaman

4.1 Rerata Waktu Reaksi Sederhana Sebelum dan Sesudah

Mengonsumsi Seduhan Ekstrak Kunyit Kuning 34

4.2 Hasil Uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test 35

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar Halaman

2.1 Bagian-Bagian Mata yang Dilalui Cahaya 6

2.2 Jaras Penglihatan 7

2.3 Bagian-Bagian Telinga yang Dilalui Stimulus Suara 9

2.4 Koklea 10

2.5 Organ Corti 10

2.6 Jaras Pendengaran 11

2.7 Traktus Piramidalis 13

2.8 Celah Sinaptik 15

2.9 Grafik Intensitas Stimulus terhadap Waktu Reaksi 19

2.10 Grafik Hubungan Derajat Arousal dengan Waktu Reaksi 19

2.11 Kunyit Kuning 24

2.12 Struktur Kimia Senyawa Kurkumin 27

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran Halaman

I Surat Keputusan Etik Penelitian 55

II Form Persetujuan 56

III Hasil Analisis Data Statistik 57

IV Hasil Pengumpulan Data 58

VI Dokumentasi 61

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