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HADITH AND SUNNAHAN ITRODUCTION & IMPORTANCE

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

RIPHAH INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.May-12 1

By: HARIS SALEEM


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.1HADITH O

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The Arabic word Hadith literally means communication,story,conversaion,religious or secular,

historical or recent. Whenever used as adjective it means new.

It has been used in the Quran 23 times. Here are few examples:

Religious communication, message of the Quran.

Allh has sent down the best statement,

HADITH

23

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44

(b) Story of a secular or general nature:

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Leave Me (to deal) with those who give the lie to this pronouncement.

And when thou seest those who meddle with Our revelations, withdraw fromthem until they meddle with another topic.


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(c Historical Story:

(d) Current story or conversation:

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Hath there come unto thee the story of Moses ?

And (remember) when the Prophet disclosed a matter in confidence to one of hiswives (Hafsah),


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Usage of the word Hadith in the sayings of theProphet Muhammad(S.A.W)

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Applied Definition

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In the terminology of the Science of tradition, any statement,description,actionOr silent approval attributed to the holy prophet Muhammad(S.A.W) is called

Hadith.


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The word Sunnah its meaning and different usage

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Sunnah, according to Arabic lexicographers means: a way,course,rule,or manner,

Of acting or conduct of life.

According Dr.Khalid Alvi it has various usages:

a) -Life of the holy prophet Muhammad(S.A.W) (before & after his mission)

b) - Synonymous to Hadith

c) - Occasionally, itis used as opposite toBidah

d) Thejurist used it for what is not obligatory.

e) It is also used for the practice of the companions of the Prophet(S.A.W)

f) -Commonly accepted practice of the first century A.H.As Malik b.Anas

g) accepted the practice of the people of Madinah.

In the Quran wordSunnah & its pluralSunun have been used Sixteen times.


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COMPONENTS OF HADITH

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SANAD. Literally its means a high place on earth or mountain. it also means support ofrefuge , but in terminology ofMuhaddithun it is a method of tracing back the sourceOf an informatin.Ascription of an Islamic tradition or chain of narration is calledSANAD or ISNAD. In other words we can say,Chain of reporters / chain oftransmission from person to person. The isnad are vital for verifying the accuracyof individual hadith. An isnad might go like this: Abdullah told Ali who

told Yusuf who told Dawud... etc.


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MATN

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Originally it means solid and firm and the back of an animal. It is used for the

Text of a book or the words because they contain meanings. theMuhaddthunDefine it as. Matn is where ends the chain of narration.

Matn and Sanadare interdependent on and inseparable from each other. theBook of hadith contain both.


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Two Kinds of Revelation

The revelation the Holy Prophet (Sallallaho Alaihe Wassallam) received

from Allh is of two different kinds:

(i) the revelation of the Qurn, the Holy Book, named in the Islamicterminology as al-wahy al-matluww (the recited revelation, i.e. therevelation which can be recited in the prayers). This kind of revelation isconfined to the verses of the Holy Qurn and is written verbally in its

folds.

(ii) the revelation received by the Holy Prophet (Sallallaho AlaiheWassallam) from time to time to let him know the pleasure of Allh in day-to-day affairs and the details of the principles laid down in the Holy Qurnwith their correct interpretation. This kind of revelation is called al-wahy

ghair al-matluww (the unrecited revelation). This kind of revelation is notconveyed to the people verbally. It has been demonstrated through thesayings and acts of the Holy Prophet (Sallallaho Alaihe Wassallam).


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Sunnah/hadith: The Second Source of Islamic Law

Next in importance only to the Holy Qurn

This status of the sunnahhas remained unchallenged andundisputed throughout the centuries

Despite the differences among Muslims in their juristic opinions, the

authority of the Holy Qurn and the Sunnahof the Holy Prophetwas never denied by any jurist.


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"The importance ofHadith is increased for the Muslim by the fact that the ProphetMuhammad (peace be upon him) not only taught, but took the opportunity of putting histeachings into practice in all the important affairs of life. He lived for twenty three yearsafter his appointment as the Messenger of Allah. He endowed his community with areligion, which he scrupulously practiced himself. He founded a state, which headministered as the supreme head, maintaining internal peace and order, heading armiesfor external defense, judging and deciding the litigations of his subjects, punishing the

criminals and legislating in all walks of life. He married and left a model of family life.Another important fact is that he did not declare himself to be above the ordinary lawwhich he imposed on others. His practice was not mere private conduct, but a detailedinterpretation and application of his teachings." (Introduction to Islam page 23)The man, therefore, who embraced Islam stood in need of both the Qur'an and theSunnah. Actually Hadith is so important that without it one cannot fully understand theHoly Book and Islam or be able to apply it to one's life and practice.

IMPORTANCE OF HADITH & SUNNAH


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The Status of the Holy Prophet

He is not a postman who, after delivering theletter, has no concern with it. The prophets arenot sent merely to deliver or recite the word ofAllah. They are also required to:

explain the divine Book to interpret it

to expound it

to demonstrate the ways of its application

to present a practical example of its contents andrequirements.


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The Prophets Authority to Legislate And My mercy embraces all things. So I

shall prescribe it for those who fear

Allh and pay zakh (obligatory alms)and those who have faith in Our signs;those who follow the Messenger, theunlettered Prophet whom they findwritten down in the Torah and the Injl,and who commands the good andforbids them from evil, and makes

lawful for them the good things,and makes unlawful for them theimpure things, and relieves them oftheir burdens and of the shackles thatwere upon them. So, those who believein him, and honour him, and help him,and follow the light that has been sentdown with him- they are the ones who

acquire success. (7:156-157)


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Fight those who do not believe

in Allh and the Hereafter and

do not hold unlawful what

Allh and His Messenger havemade unlawful. (9:29)

No believer, neither male or female has a

right, when Allh and His Messengerprescribe a matter, to have a choice in

their matter in issue. And whoever

disobeys Allh and His Messenger has

gone astray into manifest error. (33:36)

Whatever the Messenger gives you, takeit; and whatever he forbids you from,

refrain from it. (59:7)


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But no, by your Lord, they shall not be

(deemed to be) believers unless they

accept you as judge in their disputes,

then find in their hearts no adverse

feeling against what you decided, but

surrender to it in complete submission.

(4:65)

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They say, we believe in Allah and the

Messenger, and we obey. Then, after that, agroup of them turn away. And they are not

believers. And when they are called to Allh

and His Messenger that he may judge

between them, suddenly a group of them

turn back. (cont)


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The Holy Prophets Authority to Interpret the Holy Qurn

And We sent down towards you the

Advice (i.e. the Qurn) so that you may

explain to the people what has been sent

down to them, and so that they may

ponder. (16:44)

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And we did not send the Quran down to you except so that you may explain to them

regarding what they differ in


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Examples of Prophetic Explanations of the Qurn

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Salah: It is significant that the Holy Qurn has repeated the command ofobserving salah as many as 73 times, yet, it has elected not to describethe way it has to be performed. This is not without wisdom. The pointthat seems to have been made deliberately is the significance of thesunnah. By avoiding the details about no less a pillar of Islm than salah,it is pointed out that the Holy Qurn is meant for giving the fundamentalprinciples only. The details are left to the explanations of the HolyProphet


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Surely, the salaah is a timed obligation for

the believers. (4:104)

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It is clear from this verse that there every salah must be performed at itsfixed time. But those times are mentioned nowhere in the Holy Qurn.Even that the daily obligatory prayers are five in number is not disclosed inthe Holy Book. It is only through the sunnah of the Holy Prophet thatwe have learnt the exact number and specific times of the obligatory

prayers. The same is the position of the number ofrakaatto be performed in each

prayer. It is not mentioned anywhere in the Holy Qurn that the number ofrakaat is two in Fajr, four in Zuhr, Asr and Isha; it is only in the sunnah thatthese matters are mentioned.

If the sunnah is not held as authority, all these necessary details even aboutthe second pillar of Islm remain totally unknown, so as to render the

salaah too vague an obligation to be carried out in practice.


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Zakah (alms-giving), the third pillar of Islm, The order to pay zakah is found in the HolyBook in more than thirty places. But who is liable to pay it? On what rate it should bepaid? What assets are liable to the obligation ofzakah? What assets are exempted from it?All these questions remain unanswered if the authority ofsunnah is ignored. It is the HolyProphet who explained all these details about zakah.

Fasts of Ramadan; the fourth pillar of Islm. Here again only the fundamental principles

are found in the Holy Qurn. explanation of the Holy Prophet which he disclosedthrough his sayings and acts. What acts are prohibited or permitted during the fast? Underwhat conditions can one break the fast during the day? What kind of treatment can beundertaken in the state of fasting? All these and similar other details are mentioned by theHoly Prophet .


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Model behavior for Muslim society

21. Indeed in the Messenger of Allh (Muhammad SAW) you have a good example

to follow for him who hopes in (the Meeting with) Allh and the Last Day and

remembers Allh much.


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Total obedience to the prophet(S.A.W)

64. We sent not a Messenger, but to be obeyed, in accordance with the

will of Allah.

Cont-


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32. Say: "Obey Allah and His Messenger;" but if they turn back,

Allah loveth not those who reject Faith.


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In previous slides we have discussed four main aspects of the holy prophet (S.A.W)In the light of the holy Quran.

legislator

Interpreter/Expounder

Model for Muslimsto be obeyed totally


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Wama tawfiqi illa bi Allah wa shukra

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01 hadith sunnah.1

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