KOLEKSI SOALAN KBAT BIOLOGI 2015

Soalan 14/16

Disediakan oleh Cikgu Azrie

Answer scheme translated by SPM Soalan

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Soalan14 Sindrom Pernafasan Timur Tengah (MERS) adalah penyakit pernafasan yang disebabkan oleh virus korona, biasanya dirujuk sebagai Corona virus Sindrom PernafasanTimur Tengah, atau MERS-CoV. MERS-CoV pertama kali dilaporkan di Arab Saudi pada September 2012. Dalam kenyataan akhbar yang dikeluarkan pada 2 Mei 2014, Pusat Kawalan dan Pencegahan (CDC) Amerika telah mengenal pasti 401 kes yang disahkan jangkitan MERS-CoV di 12 buah negara, dengan kesemua laporan kes berasal dari Semenanjung Arab. Virus ini merebak dari seorang ke seorang yang lain melalui hubungan rapat, tetapi mungkin juga merebak kepada manusia daripada haiwan. Satu kajian ke atas unta dari Arab Saudi diterbitkan pada Disember 2013 mendedahkan kehadiran MERS-CoV dalam 90% daripada unta yang dikaji. Ini menunjukkan bahawa unta bukan sahaja boleh menjadi takungan utama MERS-CoV, tetapi juga sumber haiwan bagi MERS. Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus, usually referred to as the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, or MERS-CoV. MERS-CoV was first reported in Saudi Arabia in September 2012. In a press release issued May 2, 2014, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of America identified 401 confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection in 12 countries, with all reported cases originating in the Arabian Peninsula. The virus spreads from person-to-person through close contact, but might also be transmitted to humans from animals. A study on camels from Saudi Arabia published in December 2013 revealed the presence of MERS-CoV in 90% of the evaluated camels, suggesting that camels not only could be the main reservoir of MERS-CoV, but also the animal source of MERS. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan virus korona. Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan seekor unta. Diagram 1.1 shows a corona virus. Diagram 1.2 shows a camel. Rajah 1.1 Rajah 1.2 Diagram 1.1 Diagram 1.2

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(a) Berikan cadangan anda bagaimana virus ini boleh menyebabkan jangkitan MERS-CoV di 12 buah negara. Give your suggestion on how the virus can cause MERS-CoV infection in 12 countries. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Mencipta( 3markah)

(b) Berikan pendapat anda tentang kesan virus kepada kesihatan seseorang. Give your opinions on the effect of the virus to the person health. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Mencipta(3 markah)

(c) Bagaimana MERS-CoVadalah sama dengan Sindrom Pernafasan Akut Yang Teruk, (SARS)? How MERS-CoV is similar to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, (SARS)? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Analysis (2 markah)

(d) Bolehkah anda terangkan apa yang pasti berlaku kepada system imun apabila seseorang dijangkiti oleh MERS-CoV. Can you explain what must have happen to immune system when the person is infected by MERS-CoV. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Analisis( 4 marks) (e) Is there a better solution for eliminate the coronavirus?

Adakah terdapat penyelesaian yang lebih baik untuk menghapuskan corona virus?

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Menilai(2 marks)

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Sample 2

Sample answers Mark

(a) when a patient has had MERS-CoV, it has then spread to others who are in close physical contact with the patient

transmission from infected patients to healthcare personnel

transmission from the camel to human/ patient by contact

transmission from the surface of object to human/ patient

1 1 1 1 Max 3 m

(b) patients for MERS-CoV infection if they develop fever

symptoms of respiratory illness, such as cough or shortness of breath

Pneumonia

Gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea

had organ failure, especially of the kidneys

1 1 1 1 1 Max 3 m

(c) Both are cause by virus

Both are respiratory illness

Both are transmitted disease

Both can be transmit by animal, human, trough touching

1 1 1 1 Max 2 m

(d) virus is pathogen

third line of body defense is specific defense

lymphocyte will produce antibody

to fight against the pathogen/virus

the amount of antibody must achieve the immunity level

1 1 1 1 1 Max 4 m

(e) eliminate environmental factors that promote the growth of virus

identify and eliminate the source of infection and routes of exposure that are still ongoing

identify and eliminate primary source of infection for humans/camel

evaluate patients with respiratory symptoms and fever who have been in contact with a symptomatic recent traveler from this infected area

1 1 1 1 Max 2 m