[spmsoalan]soalan-k2-biology-tengah-tahun-kedah-2014

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4551/2 2014 Hak Cipta terpelihara MPSM (Cawangan Kedah) [Lihat halaman sebelah SULIT

Section A Bahagian A

[60 marks]

[60 markah]

Answer all questions from this section. Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

1 Diagram 1 shows the structures and organelles found in a plant cell.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur dan organel yang terdapat dalam sel tumbuhan.

(a) (i) Name P, Q and R. Namakan P, Q dan R P: _______________________________________________ Q: _______________________________________________ R: _______________________________________________

[ 3 marks] [ 3markah]

(ii) Explain the function of P in maintaining the shape of a cell.

Terangkan fungsi P dalam mengekalkan bentuk sel. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

2 marks] [ 2markah]

Diagram 1 Rajah 1

P

Q

R

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(iii) Explain what will happen to structure P if the cell is put in the solution containing cellulase. Terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku kepada struktur P sekiranya sel tersebut diletakkan dalam larutan yang mengandungi enzyme selulase? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

[ 2marks] [ 2markah]

(b) Diagram shows a cycle of two major process that occurs in organelles Q and R in a plant

cell. Rajah menunjukkan kitaran bagi dua proses yang berlaku dalam organel Q dan R dalam sel tumbuhan.

(i) State two differences between the processes that occur in organelle Q and organelle R. Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara proses yang berlaku dalam organel Q dan R. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

[2 marks] [ 2markah]

Organelle R/ Organel R

Light energy

Tenaga cahaya

Organelle Q/ Organel Q

Diagram 1.1 Rajah 1.1

Glucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water + energy

Glukosa + Oksigen Karbon dioksida + air + tenaga

Carbon dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygen Karbon dioksida + Air Glukosa + Oksigen

Light energy

Tenaga cahaya

Klorofil

Chlorophyll


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(ii) If the rate of activity in organelle R is exceeds that in organelle Q for a long period

of time, explain the effect to the environment. Jika kadar aktiviti dalam organel R melebihi organel Q dalam jangkamasa yang panjang, terangkan kesannya keatas alam sekitar. Effect to the environment Kesan kepada alam sekitar: _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

[3 marks] [3 markah]


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2

.

Diagram 2 shows a meiotic division of an animal cell. Rajah2 menunjukkan pembahagian meiosis satu sel haiwan.

Phase S Fasa S

W

Spindle fibres failed to form completely Gentian gelendong gagal terbentuk sepenuhnya

V

Diagram 2 Rajah 2

Daughter cells Sel-sel anak

Process U

Meiosis II

Meiosis I


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(a) (i) Name phase S and process U.

Namakan Fasa S dan proses U. Phase S/Fasa S

__________________________________________________________________

Process U / Proses U

__________________________________________________________________


(ii) Explain the importance of process U. Terangkan kepentingan Proses U. __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________ [3 marks]

[3 markah]

(b) (i) Complete the diagram of the daughter cells V and W.

Lengkapkan rajah sel-sel anak V dan W. [2 marks]

[ 2 markah] (ii) Explain what happen on daughter cells V and W.

Terangkan apa yang berlaku ke atas sel-sel anak V dan W.

[ 2 marks] [ 2 markah]


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(c) (i) The meiosis process involves two division; meiosis I and meiosis II. Explain two differences between meiosis I and meiosis II. Proses meiosis melibatkan dua bahagian; meiosis I dan meiosis II. Terangkan dua perbezaan antara meiosis I dan meiosis II.

[ 2 marks] [ 2 marks]

(ii) State one importance of meiosis. Nyatakan satu kepentingan meiosis

[ 1 mark ]

[1 markah]

3. Diagram 3.1 shows an example of energy flow in an ecosystem. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan contoh aliran tenaga dalam satu ekosistem.

(a) (i) Energy loss at each trophic level is 90%. Complete the diagram by calculate the amount of energy transferred to organism Q and organism R Tenaga yang hilang pada setiap aras trofik ialah 90%. Lengkapkan rajah dengan mengira jumlah tenaga yang dipindahkan ke organisma Q dan R.

[ 2 marks] [2 markah]

Diagram 3.1

Rajah 3.1

Energy loss

Tenaga hilang

Energy loss

Tenaga hilang

Energy loss

Tenaga hilang

Energy loss

Tenaga hilang

Producers

Pengeluar

Organism P

Organisma P Organism Q

OrganismaQ Organism R

Organisma R

500kJ (i)..kJ

4500kJ 450kJ 45kJ

(ii)kJ


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(ii) Explain what happens to the energy that is not transferred from one organism to the next organism. Terangkan apakah yang berlaku kepada tenaga yang tidak dipindahkan dari satu organisma ke organisma lain. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________


(b) Diagram 3.2 shows an interaction between biotic component and abiotic component in

an ecosystem. Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan interaksi antara komponen biosis dan abiosis dalam satu ekosistem.

(i) State two biotic components and two abiotic components in the ecosystem. Nyatakan dua komponen biosis dan dua komponen abiosis yang terdapat dalam ekosistem tersebut. Biotic component / Komponen biosis: _________________________________________________________________ Abiotic component/ Komponen abiosis : _________________________________________________________________

[2 marks] [ 2 markah ]

Diagram 3.2

Rajah 3.2


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(ii) Based on Diagram 3.3, constructa food web which contain at least three food chains. Berdasarkan Rajah 3.3, bina satu jaringan makanan yang mengandungi sekurang-kurangnya tiga rantai makanan.




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(c) A farm has been setup near to the pond. Alga bloom occurs and the pond water turns green. Explain the effect of this condition to the organism in the pond. Sebuah ladang dibangunkan berhampiran dengan kolam. Pertumbuhan alga yang pesat berlaku dan air kolam bertukar menjadi hijau. Terangkan kesan bagi keadaan ini kepada organism dalam kolam.


4 Diagram 4 .1 shows the blood circulatory system in organism P and organism Q.

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan sistem peredaran darah bagi organisma P dan organism Q.

(a) State the type of blood circulatory system of organism P and organism Q.

Nyatakan jenis sistem peredaran darah bagi organisma P dan organisma Q.

Organism P: Organisma P:

Organism Q: Organisma Q:




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(b) State one difference between the heart of organism P and organism Q.

Nyatakan satu perbezaan di antara jantung organisma P dan organisma Q.

[ 1 mark]

[ 1 markah]

(c) Explain why blood vessel X has higher pressure than vessel Y.

Terangkan mengapa salur darah X mempunyai tekanan lebih tinggi dari salur darah Y.



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(d) The blood circulatory system is also involved in the production of antibodies in the body

defense mechanism.

Diagram 4.2 shows the concentration of antibody in the blood of individuals A and

individuals B for a period of 10 weeks to acquire immunity.

Both of them were given two injections respectively.

Sistem peredaran darah terlibat dalam penghasilan antibodi untuk mekanisme

pertahanan badan.

Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan kepekatan antibodi di dalam darah kedua-dua individu A dan B

dalam jangka masa 10 minggu untuk mendapatkan keimunan.

Kedua dua mereka masing- masing telah diberikan dua suntikan.

(i) What type of immunity is obtained by A and B respectively?

Apakah jenis keimunan yang diperolehi oleh individu A dan B masing-masing?

A: ________________________________________________________________

B: ________________________________________________________________




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(ii) Explain why individual A has to be given the second injection which contained the

same vaccine.

Terangkan mengapa individu A harus diberi suntikan kedua bagi vaccine yang

sama.


(e) AIDS is caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). AIDS patients are easily

infected with various types of diseases and will eventually die, even from harmless

disease.

Explain how HIV affects the bodys immune system.

Penyakit AIDS disebabkan oleh virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Pesakit

AIDS mudah dijangkiti oleh pelbagai jenis penyakit dan akhirnya akan mati walaupun

oleh penyakit yang tidak berbahaya.

Terangkan bagaimana HIV memberi kesan kepada sistem pertahanan badan.



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5. Diagram 5.1 shows the structure of a nephron in the human kidney. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan struktur satu nefron dalam ginjal manusia.

(a) (i) Name the process that occurs at P. Namakan proses yang berlaku pada P.

_____________________________________________

[ 1 mark] [ 1 markah]

(ii) Explain how the process occurs at P. Terangkan bagaimana proses ini berlaku pada P.

[ 2 marks]

[ 2 markah]

Renal vein Vena Renal

Renal artery Arteri renal

P

Q

R



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(b) Explain one difference between the contents of Q and R. Terangkan satu perbezaan antara kandungan Q dan R.


(c) (i) Name the hormone that controls the permeability of the nephron to water.

Namakan hormon yang mengawal ketelapan nefron terhadap air.


(ii) Explain how the hormone named in (d)(i) is responsible in osmoregulation during a

hot day. Terangkan bagaimana hormon yang dinamakan dalan (d)(i) bertanggunjawab dalam osmokawalaturan semasa hari panas.

[ 3 marks]

[ 3 markah]


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(d) Diagram 5.2 shows a dialysis mechine which is used to treat a patient with kidney failure. The concentration of dialysis fluid is similar to blood plasma but without waste products. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan mesin dialisis yang digunakan untuk merawat pesakit yang mengalami masalah ginjal gagal berfungsi. Kepekatan cecair dialysis adalah sama dengan plasma darah tetapi tanpa hasil-hasil buangan.

Explain why the concentration of dialysis fluid is similar to the blood plasma. Terangkan kenapa kepekatan cecair dialisis sama seperti plasma darah.


Dialysis fluid in Cecair dialysis masuk

Partially permeable membrane Membran separa telap

Dialysis fluid out Cecair dialysis keluar

Blood out Darah keluar

Blood in Darah masuk

Flow meter Meter aliran

Diagram 5.2

Rajah 5.2


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4551/2 2014 Hak Cipta terpelihara MPSM (Cawangan Kedah) [Lihat halaman sebelah

SULIT

Bahagian B


Answer any two questions from this section.

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini

6.

(a) Enzymes is produced by living cells. There are two types of enzyme which are

intracellular enzyme and extracellular enzyme.

Diagram 6.1 shows the organelles involved in the synthesis and secretion of

extracellular enzymes in an animal cell.

Enzim dihasilkan oleh sel hidup. Terdapat dua jenis dua jenis iaitu enzim intrasel dan

enzim luar sel.

Diagram 6.1 menunjukkan organel-organel yang terlibat dalam sintesis dan rembesan

enzim-enzim luar sel di dalam sel haiwan.


( i ) Explain the differences between intracellular enzymes and extracellular enzymes.

Terangkan perbezaan di antara enzim intrasel dan enzim luar sel.

[ 4 marks ] [ 4 markah ]


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SULIT

( ii ) Describe the involvement of the organelles in the production of extracellular

enzymes.

Huraikan penglibatan organel-organel di dalam penghasilan enzim-enzim luar sel.

[ 8 marks ] [ 8 markah ] 6 (b) Diagram 6.2 shows three stages in an enzyme reaction.

Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan tiga peringkat di dalam suatu tindakan enzim.


(i) Based on diagram above, explain the lock and key hypothesis in the

mechanism of enzyme reaction.

Berdasarkan gambarajah di atas, terangkan hipotesis kunci dan manga di

dalam mekanisma tindak balas enzim.


P Q R


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7 Diagram 7.1 shows transport of nutrients from small intestine to the liver Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan pengangkutan nutrient dari usus kecil ke hati.


(a) ( i ) Organ X and organ Y plays an important role in digestive system. Explain the role of organ X and organ Y in digestion of lipid.

Organ X and organ Y memainkan peranan yang penting dalam sistem

pencernaan .

Terangkan peranan organ X dan Y dalam pencernaan lipid

[ 6 marks]

[ 6 markah]

(ii) A person who use to consume a lot of protein food will produce high content of urea in his urine . Explain why?

Seeorang yang mengambil makanan berproetin dengan banyak akan

menghasilkan kandungan urea yang tinggi dalam air kencingnya.

Terangkan mengapa?

[ 6 marks ]

[6 markah]

Liver/ hati

Small intestine/ Usus kecil

Organ X

Hepatic portal Vein/ Vena portal hepar

Hepatic vein/ vena hepar

Organ Y

Bile duct Salur hempedu


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7 (b) Diagram 7.2 shows two different individuals

Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan dua individu yang berbeza.

Pregnant woman Wanita mengandung

Teenager Remaja


Explain the dietary requirements of each group represented by the

individuals.

Terangkan keperluan gizi bagi setiap kumpulan yang diwakili oleh individu tersebut.



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8 (a) Diagram 8(a) shows how a frog carry out inhalation and exhalation.

Explain the processes.

Rajah 8(a) menunjukkan bagaimana seekor katak menjalankan inspirasi dan ekspirasi.

Terangkan proses-proses yang berlaku.

Diagram 8(a) Rajah 8(a)


Lung/peparu Nostril lubang hidung

Buccal cavity rongga mulut

Inhalation Inspirasi

Exhalation ekspirasi


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8 (b) Diagram 8(b) shows two athletes who have just completed the running, both of them

suffer from muscle fatigue and lead to muscle pain.

Athlete A choose to sit down to wait for the pain to disappear while Athlete B choose to

walk slowly.

Rajah 8(b) menunjukkan dua orang atlet yang baru tamat dari larian, kedua-duanya

mengalami keletihan otot dan membawa kepada sakit otot.

Atlet A memilih duduk dan rehat untuk menunggu keletihan itu hilang manakala atlet B

memilih berjalan perlahan-lahan bagi menghilangkan keletihan otot.

Diagram 8 (b) Rajah 8 (b)

Explain which athlete will recover faster from the muscle fatigue ?

Terangkan atlet manakah akan terlebih dahulu pulih dari keletihan otot ?

[ 8 marks ]

[ 8 markah ]


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SULIT

8 ( c ) Diagram 8(c) shows the changes of atmospheric pressure with the altitude. Diagram 8(d) shows the equipments wore by a mountain climber.

Rajah 8(c) menunjukkan perubahan tekanan atmosfera dengan altitude. Rajah 8(d) menunjukkan kelengkapan yang dipakai oleh seorang pendaki gunung

Diagram 8(c) Rajah 8(c)

Diagram 8(d) Rajah 8(d)

Explain why the mountain climber needs to wear such equipments?

Terangkan kenapa pendaki gunung perlu memakai kelengkapan yang sedemikian ?



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9.

(a) The following is a newspaper clipping about illegal logging in Malaysia

PUTRAJAYA August 30 - The government will enforce the law to impose a

mandatory jail sentence of one year or a maximum of 20 years without a

compound of the offenders involved in illegal logging .

Firm decision was made at the Meeting of the National Forestry Council

(NCC ) 19th chaired by Deputy Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak

here today.

Accordingly, the Attorney General will conduct a study and research about

which is expected to take about six months to ensure that law enforcement

can be carried out immediately due.

Najib firm , the decision was taken in view of the compound which has no

effect on fighting illegal logging even involve the millions of dollars .In addition

to the loss of millions of dollars , illegal logging has affected the well-being of

people with problems involving the environment , air and water .

Illegal logging is still going on in this country is done by the same group , but

this did little syndicate numbers. So now MPN agree that we do not use the

compound ( to deal with ) but continued to be charged in court , '' he said. He

was speaking at a press conference after chairing the meeting at Perdana

Putra Building here today.

Meetings involving all the Chief Minister and the Chief Minister was also

attended by the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment Minister

Datuk Seri Adenan Satem .

According to Najib , the results were much better because it involves action

against offenders prison more restrictive than the existing enforcement .He

added that a prison sentence will be carried out in accordance with the

provisions of a special law that would be formed under the National Forestry

Act 1984

( Amendment 1993 ) .


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9.

(a) Keratan akhbar berikut adalah mengenai kegiatan pembalakan haram yang berlaku di Malaysia .

Based on the above article describe how the activity affect the ecosystem. Berdasarkan artikel di atas , jelaskan bagaimana aktiviti di atas memberi kesan ke atas

ekosistem


PUTRAJAYA 30 Ogos - Kerajaan akan menguat kuasa undang-undang untuk

mengenakan hukuman penjara mandatori setahun atau maksimum 20 tahun

tanpa dikenakan kompaun bagi pesalah terlibat dalam aktiviti pembalakan

haram.

Keputusan tegas itu dicapai pada Mesyuarat Majlis Perhutanan Negara (MPN)

ke-19 dipengerusikan Timbalan Perdana Menteri, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak di

sini hari ini.

Sehubungan itu, Peguam Negara akan membuat kajian dan penelitian

mengenainya yang dijangka mengambil masa kira-kira enam bulan untuk

memastikan penguatkuasaan undang-undang itu dapat dijalankan serta-merta

kelak.

Tegas Najib, keputusan itu diambil memandangkan tindakan kompaun yang

selama ini tidak mendatangkan kesan bagi membanteras pembalakan haram

walaupun melibatkan nilai berjuta-juta ringgit.

Selain kerugian berjuta-juta ringgit, kegiatan pembalakan haram turut

menjejaskan kesejahteraan rakyat dengan melibatkan masalah terhadap alam

sekitar, udara dan air.

Pembalakan haram di negara ini masih berterusan yang dilakukan oleh

kumpulan yang sama tetapi sindiket ini tidak banyak jumlahnya. Jadi sekarang ini

MPN bersetuju bahawa kita tidak guna kompaun (untuk menanganinya) tetapi

terus didakwa di mahkamah,'' kata beliau. Najib berkata demikian pada sidang

akhbar selepas mempengerusikan mesyuarat itu di Bangunan Perdana Putra di

sini hari ini.

Mesyuarat yang melibatkan semua Menteri Besar dan Ketua Menteri itu turut

dihadiri Menteri Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar, Datuk Seri Adenan Satem.

Menurut Najib, keputusan itu jauh lebih baik kerana melibatkan tindakan penjara

terhadap pesalah yang lebih tegas berbanding penguatkuasaan yang ada

sekarang.Tambah beliau, hukuman penjara akan dilaksanakan mengikut

peruntukan undang-undang khas yang akan dibentuk di bawah Akta Perhutanan

Negara 1984.

(Pindaan 1993).


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SULIT

9 (b) Ozone layer found in the second layer of the atmosphere, the stratosphere layer. Diagram 9 shows a reactions occurring in the ozone layer that has highly significant impact on life on Earth.

Lapisan ozon terdapat di lapisan kedua atmosfera, iaitu lapisan stratosfera. Gambarajah 9 menunjukkan tindakbalas yang berlaku dilapisan ozon dan memberi kesan yang sangat ketara kepada hidupan di bumi.

Diagram 9

Rajah 9

( i ) Explain the impact on the environment Jelaskan kesan tersebut terhadap alam sekitar

[8 marks] [8 markah] (ii) Suggest ways to reduce the impact on the environment

Cadangkan cara untuk mengurangkan impak di atas terhadap alam sekitar.


KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

Chlorine radical breaks bond in

ozone molecules Radikal klorin memutuskan ikatan molekul ozon

Creates chlorine monoxide and diatomic oxygen Menghasilkan klorin monoksida dan dua atom oksigen

Cycles begins again Kitar bermula lagi

Produces diatomic oxygen and free chlorine radical Menghasilkan dua atom oksigen dan radikal klorin bebas

UV energy removes chlorine atom fromCFC molecul Tenaga UV menyingkirkan atom klorin dari molekul CFC

Breaks bond in chlorine monoxide molecule Pemutusan ikatan dalam molekul klorin monoksida

Oxygen atom in the atmosphere Atom Oksigen dalam atmosfera

Chlorine atom /Atom Klorin

Oxygen Atom/Atom Oksigen

Oxygen released in to atmosphere Oksigen dibebaskan ke atmosfera


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