Utilization of Biomass Energy

High population growth

High demand of food and energy

Problems• Depletion of source of energies

derived from fossil fuel• Alternative energy is still not

considered to be a pressing matter• Development of alternative energy

face the impediment such as lack of capital, technologies and human resources

Solutions• Further exploration of energy

sources• Innovation of technology• Human resources

development• Capital investment

Indonesianpopulation and

population growth rate 1971-2035

Population (in millions)

Population growth rate (in percentage)

Indonesia population projection by provincesSource: Bappenas 2014, Population Projection 2010-2035.

Indonesia population growth rate by provincesSource: Bappenas 2014, Population Projection 2010-2035.

Oil and Gas Volume of Export and Import (in thousand ton), 1999-2013

YearsCrude Oil Processed Gas

Export Import Export Import Export Import1996 38254,90 9349,90 10689,30 10133,80 29343,60 1,301997 38976,50 9125,50 10220,80 11747,70 29015,60 31,601998 36914,00 10473,30 8435,90 10941,00 28953,50 86,001999 35902,50 11497,40 7825,40 12249,90 30066,30 25,802000 29225,90 11473,50 8786,60 13971,00 27615,20 11,202001 32857,00 14174,90 7007,80 11750,50 25235,60 30,602002 29054,40 15880,00 7574,00 15116,00 27617,70 0,202003 26517,50 16817,20 7425,00 13588,60 27613,70 69,302004 23467,80 18930,40 6800,40 15971,50 26594,30 18,702005 21488,00 15649,70 5994,00 21065,20 24445,40 22,502006 18127,90 14642,50 7046,90 18657,80 23116,70 48,602007 18175,30 15146,70 6264,80 19475,70 21270,80 116,902008 18235,00 12749,00 5724,00 22391,20 20841,90 336,202009 17967,10 15303,70 5405,70 19732,00 22700,10 970,802010 18132,40 14249,60 7322,80 25123,90 30469,90 1126,002011 17819,50 13253,60 6931,50 28840,30 34302,90 1633,902012 14973,10 12550,10 5629,50 28534,50 27843,30 3170,402013 13016,90 16015,60 5914,50 29612,20 25110,40 3425,90

Value of Oil and Gas Export1 and Import2 (million US$), 1999-2013

YearsCrude Oil Processed Gas

Export Import Export Import Export Import1996 5711,80 1518,90 1516,10 2076,10 4493,90 0,501997 5480,00 1467,00 1302,50 2443,30 4840,10 13,801998 3348,60 1058,30 708,10 1574,90 3815,50 20,501999 4517,30 1587,70 918,00 2088,00 4357,00 5,402000 6090,10 2524,90 1651,60 3491,10 6624,90 3,502001 5714,70 2887,50 1189,50 2574,20 5732,20 10,102002 5227,60 3216,90 1307,50 3308,70 5577,60 0,202003 5621,00 4027,40 1553,70 3562,00 6476,70 21,502004 6241,40 5831,40 1654,40 5892,10 7749,60 8,502005 8145,80 6797,00 1932,00 10645,80 9153,70 14,902006 8168,80 7852,60 2843,60 11080,30 10197,10 30,002007 9226,00 9056,90 2878,80 12786,70 9983,80 89,202008 12418,70 10061,50 3547,00 20230,80 13160,50 260,602009 7820,30 7362,20 2262,30 11129,40 8935,70 489,102010 10402,90 8531,30 3967,30 18018,20 13669,40 863,202011 13828,70 11154,40 4776,80 28134,60 22871,50 1412,502012 12293,40 10803,20 4163,40 28679,40 20520,50 3081,602013 10204,70 13585,80 4299,10 28567,60 18129,20 3113,00

Notes: 1) Export value is the Free on Board (FOB) value 2) Import value is the value Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF)Data tahun 1999-2007 menggunakan Sistem Perdagangan Khusus (di Luar Kawasan Berikat)

[Diolah dari dokumen kepabeanan Ditjen Bea dan Cukai (PEB dan PIB)]

In 2007 India is implementing one of the world’s largest programmes in renewable energy. The country ranks second in the world for biogas utilization and fifth in wind power. (The Biopact, Belgium 2007)

Comparison to India

The biomass potential from 20 million hectares of waste-land is estimated to be around 45,000 MW.The current assumption is that these lands will be yielding around 10 tonnes of woody biomass per hectare per year, with an average lower heating value of 16.75MJ per kilogram, which can be converted in biomass power plants with an efficiency of around 30%.

Comparison to India12

With the establishment of new sugar mills and the modernization of existing ones, the technically feasible potential for bagasse cogeneration is estimated to be around 5000 MW.Another 16,900 MW can be obtained from agricultural and plantation residues.

Comparison to India3

4

“Indonesian crude oil deposit currently is up to 3,7 trillion barrels. In the next 11 years

it is going to run up, even if the production constantly on 800,000 BOPP (Bi-axially Oriented Polypropylene).” Akhmad Prayoga, The Economist (20/3/2015)

Biomass Energy

Bio Resources

PlantsAnimalsMicro

organism

Source of food Bio fertilizerSource of energy Bio pesticideSource of industrial material Bio remediation on pollutant

Biomass

LEGAL BASE OF UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY IN INDONESIA

1.UNDANG-UNDANG No.19/2008

Waste Management Act2.PERMEN ESDM no.

19/2013 Purchasing of electricity by PLN

from Urban waste base power plan 3.PERMEN (ESDM) no.

27/2014Purchasing of electricity generated by biomass and biogas power plant by PLN

LEGAL BASE OF UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY IN INDONESIA

4.KEPMEN (ESDM) no. 0074 K/21/MEM/2015

Ratification of Energy Provision Business Plan of PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero) 2015-2024.

5.BOARD OF DIRECTOR RESOLUTION PT PLN (PERSERO) no. 0982K/DIR/2015

Electricity Provision Business Plan (RUPTL) PT PLN (Persero) tahun 2015-2024.

Sumber: Direktorat Jenderal Energi Baru Terbarukan & Konservasi Energi, Kementrian ESDM, 2014

No. Potensi Umum (Mwe) Unit Sumatera Kalimantan Jawa-Bali-

MaduraNusa

Tenggara Sulawesi Maluku Papua TOTAL

1 Kelapa Sawit MWe 8812 3384 60 N/A 323 N/A 75 12.654 2 Tebu MWe 399 N/A 896 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.2953 Karet MWe 1918 862 854 N/A 42 N/A N/A 3.6764 Kelapa/Padi MWe 53 10 37 7 N/A 19 14 1405 Jagung MWe 2255 642 5353 405 38 22 20 87356 Ubi Kayu MWe 408 30 954 85 1111 4 1 25937 Kayu MWe 110 7 120 18 251 2 1 5098 Sapi MWe 1212 44 14 19 12 4 21 1326

9 Sampah Kota MWe 96 16 296 53 21 5 4 491

10 Umum MWe 326 66 1527 48 6574 11 14 8566

11 TOTAL MWe 15589 5061 10111 635 8372 67 150 39.985

Potency of electricitygenerated by industrial based solid waste

Sector

Savings2015 2020 2025 2030

10^6 SBM % 10^6

SBM % 10^6 SBM % 10^6

SBM %Industry 23,27 5 86,4 12 233,66 20 574,72 30Transportation 22,16 7 52,19 14 93,03 19 150,14 24Household 7,19 8 17,22 16 28,26 24 39,92 30Commercial 3,86 6 14,4 19 27,32 24 45,64 27Others 2,54 4 4 8,3 18,73 13 39,34 18

TOTAL 59,02 6 174,21 13 401 20 849,76 28

Scenario of electricity saving

by sector

Source: Direktorat Jendral Energi Baru Terbarukan & Konservasi Energi, Kementrian ESDM, 2014

Distributed electricity to customer by customer group 1995-2012 (GWh) (source: BPS)                   

Customer Group 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Social 1159,55 1203,96 1362,92 1416,58 1417,91 1643,56 1782,01 1890,82 2023,13

Household16927,0

619610,8

522764,0

224866,4

327482,9

130563,3

233361,5

934393,9

735753,1

6

Business 6052,82 7451,23 8669,54 8655,14 9082,3110574,9

511341,3

712298,6

413223,8

5

Industry23689,2

926722,1

929306,0

828094,7

831431,1

034014,1

235600,2

037180,3

536494,8

5Public 1799,95 2011,77 2192,75 2325,64 2320,60 2373,68 2415,63 2648,08 2945,19

Total49628,6

857000,0

064295,3

165358,5

771734,8

379169,6

384500,8

088411,8

590440,1

8                   

Customer Group 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Social 2237,83 2429,86 2603,62 2908,72 3082,43 3306,11 3637,21 3998,01 4447,45

Household38591,2

441184,2

743753,2

247324,9

150184,1

954945,4

159825,9

265146,2

872176,8

0

Business14962,2

517022,8

718415,5

120608,4

722926,2

824528,9

627619,1

028317,3

030689,4

4

Industry40328,2

142448,3

643615,4

545802,5

147968,8

646204,2

451773,7

055377,4

960828,6

0Public 3707,98 3946,93 4222,04 4602,23 4857,10 5208,43 5630,03 5855,82 6199,62

Total99827,5

0107032,

30112609,

85121246,

84129018,

86134193,

15148485,

96158694,

90174341,

91

Sold Electricity by PLN by Operating Regions (in thousands MWh), 2008-2013

Operating Region 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 xWilayah Aceh 507 512 495 578 701 699 839 997,36 1149,7 1276,45 1494,94 1579,77 1755,07 1847,5

6Wilayah Sumatera Utara 3646 3812 3844 4150 4440 4613 4941 5163,44 5757,85 6096,9 6636,45 7194,04 7809,32 8220,8

7Wilayah Sumatera Barat 2182 2396 2530 2607 2882 3136 3414 1776,37 1940,01 2006,52 2187,29 2403,09 2649,07 2788,6

8Wilayah Riau               1864,24 2028,83 2183,43 2509,89 2844,55 3269,62 3441,9

3Wilayah Sumatera Selatan, Jambi dan Bengkulu 2673 2989 3097 2610 3576 4005 4421 2925,3 3291,63 3637,06 4154,92 4506,14 5262,26 5539,5

8Wilayah Bangka Belitung               331,4 366,19 398,76 436,76 535,61 664,73 699,76

Wilayah Lampung               1634,58 1902,3 2024,03 2259,45 2425,94 2793,36 2940,57

Wilayah Kalimantan Barat 631 670 703 745 801 842 883 946,55 1069,81 1155,65 1288,97 1434,71 1603,72 1768,26

Wilayah Kalimantan Selatan dan Kalimantan Tengah 1982 2065 2121 2262 2577 2759 2921 1538,39 1623,98 1768,88 1902,01 2117,09 2440,79 2691,2

2Wilayah Kalimantan Timur               1435,71 1546,51 1720,96 1939,97 2099,6 2334,31 2573,8

1Wilayah Sulawesi Utara, Sulawesi Tengah dan Gorontalo 718 803 828 844 952 1020 1099 1161,82 1273,71 1420,11 1571,29 1797,86 2066,37 2278,3

8Wilayah Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara, dan Sulawesi Barat 1633 1831 1867 1997 2155 1194 2468 2768,8 2944,02 3167,4 3505,5 3839,02 4345,67 4791,5

4Wilayah Maluku dan Maluku Utara 130 186 202 212 270 311 341 388,22 402,57 422,95 462,6 541,36 633,38 698,36

Wilayah Papua 289 313 332 365 397 430 479 532,05 593,34 661,44 745,45 827,88 947,33 1044,53

Distribusi Bali 1936 2170 2195 2269 2540 2805 2913 2375,02 2551,1 2788,65 3090,93 3223,95 3546,6 3787,41

Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat               571,06 621,78 688,91 745,15 837,16 976,39 1076,57

Wilayah Nusa tenggara Timur               314,41 338,56 382,71 429,37 486,91 567,39 625,6

PT PLN Batam 412 490 569 656 715 823 973 1106,08 1234,62 1296,41 1452,92 1526,89 1644,22 1730,87

PT PLN Tarakan               167,54 159,05 165,71 176,91 177,62 168,03 185,27

Distribusi Jawa Timur 13135 13941 14286 14361 16421 17732 18323 19467,44

20334,16

21058,18

22469,54

24018,69

26910,19

28737,39

Distribusi Jawa Tengah dan Yogyakarta 8708 8888 9882 9908 10843 11853 12416 13505,0

614232,4

915084,1

916202,9

417185,6

518644,1

719910,1

1Distribusi Jawa Barat dan Banten 22070 23614 24641 24590 27198 28888 30298 32337,0

534050,9

834789,0

738671,2

541327,7

6 44790,1 47831,35

Distribusi Jakarta Raya dan Tangerang 18518 19819 19496 21662 23358 24823 25881 27938,95

29605,66

30387,62

32965,99

35061,38

38168,76

40760,42

Jumlah 79170 84499 87088 89816 99826 105933 112609 121246,84

129018,85

134581,99

147300,49

157992,67

173990,85

185970,04

Note: x Temporary numberHighlighted cells: Before 2006, some of the operating regions still under the other operating regions. The highlighted cell is part of the upper region.

BIOMASS AND CITY WASTE POWER PLANT

POTENCY MAP

No Company Name COD Contract Type

Location Region Biomassa Type Contract (MW)

1 PT Riau Prima Energy 2001 Excess power Riau PLN Riau Region Palm waste 52 PT Listrindo Kencana 2006 IPP Bangka PLN Bangka Region Palm waste 53 PT Growth Sumatra 1 2006 Excess power Sumatera Utara PLN N. Sumatra Region Palm waste 64 PT Indah Kiat Pulp and

Paper2006 Excess power Riau PLN Riau Region Palm waste 2

7 PT Belitung Energy 2010 IPP Belitung PLN Babel Region Palm waste 78 PT Growth Sumatra 2 2010 Excess power Sumatera Utara PLN N. Sumatra Region Palm waste 99 PT Pelita Agung 2010 Excess power Riau PLN Riau Region Palm waste 510 Permata Hijau Sawit 2010 Excess power Riau PLN Riau Region Palm waste 211 PT Navigat Organic 2011 IPP Bali PLN Bali District MSW 212 PT Navigat Organic 2011 IPP Bekas PLN West Java District MSW 613 PT Growth Asia 2011 Excess power Sumatera Utara PLN N. Sumatra Region Palm waste 1014 PT Growth Asia 2012 Excess power Sumatera Utara PLN N. Sumatra Region Palm waste 1015 PT Navigat Organic 2012 IPP Bekasi PLN West Java Region MSW 6,516 Harkat Sejahtera 2013 Excess power Sumatera Utara PLN N. Sumatera

RegionPalm waste 1

17 Penambahan kap. GS1 2013 Excess power Sumatera Utara PLN N. Sumatera Region

Palm waste 4

18 Rimba Palma 2013 Excess power Jambi PLN SBS Region Palm waste 10ON-GRID CAPACITY TOTAL 90,5

INSTALLED ON-GRID

BIOMASS, BIOGAS, CITY WASTE

POWER PLANT CAPACITY UP TO 2013

Installed off-grid biomass, biogas, city waste capacity up to 2013 is 1.626 MW

DEVELOPED BIOENERGY POWER PLANT UP TO 2013

Region and Source of Biomass2013 Bioenergy Power

Plant CapacityBioenergy Power Plant

Cumulative Capacity up to 2013

Off-Grid (MW)

On-Grid (MW)

Off-Grid (MW)

On-Grid (MW)

Biogas Power Plant 2 N/A 10 N/ABiomass Power Plant 20 15 1.616 76,0City Waste Power Plant N/A 2 N/A 14,5

TOTAL 1.626 1.626 90,5

Region and Source of Biomass Capacity Capacity TotalOff-Grid (Mw) On-Grid (Mw)

Sumatera

Palm Oil Industry 335 76 411POME 9 N/A 9Sugar Cane Industry 66 N/A 66Polp Industry 955 N/A 955

Kalimantan Palm Oil Industry 91 N/A 91

Jawa-Bali

Palm Oil Industry 2 N/A 2POME 142 N/A 142Sugar Cane Industry N/A 14,5 14,5Pulp Industry N/A N/A N/A

Sulawesi Palm Oil Industry 11 N/A 11Sugar Cane Industry 11 N/A 11

Papua Palm Oil Industry 4 N/A 4TOTAL 1.626 90,5 1717

Sumber: Direktorat Jendral Energi Baru Terbarukan & Konservasi Energi, Kementrian ESDM, 2014

The development of biomass power plant by regionsup to 2013

City Waste Potential VS Power Plant Capacity

City Waste Potential (TON/DAY)City Waste Power Plant Potential (MW)

TOTAL CITY WASTE POWER PLANT POTENCY (MW) = 1.879,50 MW

No Energy Capacity Feed in Tariff NoteMiddle Wattage 1 Biomass Up to 10 MW Rp1.150/kWh x

F2 Biogas Up to 10 MW Rp1.050/kWh x

FNon city waste

3 City Waste (MSW) Up to 10 MW Rp1.450/kWh Zero waste4 City Waste (MSW) Up to 10 MW Rp1.250/kWh LandfillLow Wattage1 Biomass Up to 10 MW Rp1.500/kWh x

F2 Biogas Up to 10 MW Rp1.400/kWh x

FNon city waste

3 City Waste (MSW) Up to 10 MW Rp1.798/kWh Zero waste4 City Waste (MSW) Up to 10 MW Rp1.598/kWh Landfill

Biomass, biogas and city waste feed in Tarriff (Permen ESDM No. 27/2014 and No. 19/2013)

For feed in tariff from biomass and biogas F factor, which is incentive factor, apply and decided as follows:a. Java Islandb. Sumatera Islandc. Sulawesi Islandd. Kalimantan Islande. Bali, Bangka Belitung and Lombok Islandf. Riau, Papua dan Other Islands

Note: *In accordance to UU No. 18/2008 on Waste Management

FEED-IN TARRIFF ACCORDING TO PERMEN ESDM NO. 2/2014 AND PERMEN ESDM NO. 19/2013

In 2014, the capacity of the already installed on-grid bioenergy power plant is 91,9 MW and the already installed off-grid bioenergy power plant capacity is 1.626 MW. The bioenergy consists of biomass, biogas, city waste.The 2015-2016 development plan is as follows:• 86 MW on-grid bioenergy

power plant built on 2015.

• 16 MW on-grid bioenergy power plant built on 2016.

PROCEDURE AND GUIDELINES FOR INVESTMENT

Incubation Development

Operation

Step 7

Site selection

Administrative authority

Electricity trade

agreement

Fiscal/corporate

lawFunding

Electricity provider business permit

Electricity provider business permit

Planning and engineering

Planning and engineering

Development and

commisioning

Operation and

maintenance

Fiscal/corporate

law

Step 4

Step 2Step 1 Step 7Step

3

Step 6 Step 5 Step 5 Step 6

Step 9Step 8

Financialagreemen

t

PROCEDURE SCHEME FOR GENERAL BIOMASS/BIOGAS DEVELOPMENT

Start Data evaluation by official

Qualify Disposition

Document evaluation

Qualify

Determination letter drafting

Determination letter Signing

Determination letter

Creating joint account (<15 days)

Proof of deposit development fund

Assignment letter to PLN

Proposition of assignment to PLN

The signing of electricity

purchasing agreement

Reporting implementation

Report of activity implementationFinish

Letter

Document revision

NoYes

Yes

BU requirement:a.Appointed by

local governmentb.Land availabilityc.Technical

compatibilityd.Funding

capabilitye.Technical

feasibility studiesf. Capability to open

escrow account

BU could utilize deposited funding after: validation by PT PLN and permission from Ditjen EBTKE -> electrical purchasing agreement

BU obliged to reach Commercial Operation Date (COD) no later than 36 months after signing of purchasing agreement

5. Implementation of electricity purchasing

4. Assignment to PT PLN for electricity purchasing

3. Appointment of City Waste Power Plant Developer

2. Document completeness evaluation and truth clarification

1. Request of appointment of city waste developer

Activities

Actors

PT PLNTimeBioenergy

DirectorateEBTKE General

DirectorateEnterpriseDescription

APPOINTMENT OF BIOENERGY (ESPECIALLY CITY WASTE) POWER PLANT DEVELOPER

1 working days

10 working

days

No later than 5 working

days

20 working

days

No later than 60 working

days

Cost Breakdown for Operational Expenditure (OPEX) of Biomass Power Plant with Burning TechnologyOPEX ITEM %Biomass 84%Equipment Maintenance

10%

Salaries 3%Other 3%Total 100%

Cost Breakdown for Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) of Biomass Power Plant with Burning TechnologyCAPEX ITEM %Equipment 63%Labor 14%Other 10%Building Construction

4%

Storage Facilty 9%Total 100%

Meeting and presentation to

BiogestSOW: Proposal

Meeting and presentation to

Austrian Embassy

SOW: Proposal

Biogest and Austrian Embassy hearings

with ministry of environment

SOW: Proposal, meeting arrangement

Presentation to ministry of

environment technical official

SOW: Proposal

National seminar on biomass power plant

SOW: Seminar arrangement, TOR,

public relation, press release, proceeding

MOU signing between ministry of

environment, Austrian Embassy, Biogest, local

governmentSOW: MOU drafting, publication, public

relation

Project agreeme

nt

Project Implementation Planand Par Indonesia Scope of Work (SOW)

Project Implementation Plan Estimated BudgetFor the implementation of project implementation plan as follow

Meeting and presentation to Biogest Meeting and presentation to Austrian Embassy Biogest and Austrian Embassy hearings with ministry of

environment MOU signing between ministry of environment, Austrian

Embassy, Biogest, local governemnt National seminar on biomass power plant Presentation to ministry of environment technical official Project agreement

The executive fee amount stands around Rp750 milion - Rp1 billion.