laporan akhir penamabahan magnesium stearat pada pembuatan biodegradable foam dengan metode baking...

8/20/2019 LAPORAN AKHIR Penamabahan Magnesium Stearat Pada Pembuatan Biodegradable Foam Dengan Metode Baking…

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LAPORAN AKHIR

“ PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MAGNESIUM STEARAT DAN

PROTEIN PADA PEMBUATAN BIODEGRADABLE FOAM DENGAN

METODE BAKING PROCESS ”

Laporan Akhir ini Diajukan Sea!ai Sa"ah Sa#u S$ara# Lu"u%

Pro!ra& Dip"o&a III 'uru%an Teknik Ki&ia

Di%u%un o"eh (

ANNA RUBI SO)IANA *+,-+.+//.+0

ILMI NUR 1ID2ANTINI *+,-+.+/+/30

'URUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA

POLITEKNIK NEGERI MALANG

,/+4

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KATA PENGANTAR

A"ha&5u"i""ah6 puji %$ukur penu"i% ke ha5ira# A""ah S7#86 karena a#a%

"i&pahan anu!erah 5an karunia9N$a $an! #i5ak #erhin!!a6 penu"i% 5apa#

&en$e"e%aikan Laporan Akhir8Laporan Akhir $akni %a"ah %a#u Tu!a% Akhir $an!

&erupakan apre%ia%i a!i penu"i% un#uk &en$e"e%aikan Pro!ra& S#u5i Dip"o&a III9

Teknik Ki&ia Po"i#eknik Ne!eri Ma"an! un#uk ke"u"u%an 5en!an !e"ar Ah"i Ma5$a8

Sha"a7a# %er#a %a"a& penu"i% ha#urkan kepa5a Ra%u"9N$a $an! &u"ia6 penu#up para

Nai6 Ba!in5a Muha&&a5 Sa786 ke"uar!a6 para %ahaa#6 %er#a u&a# e"iau8

Laporan Akhir ini #i5ak 5apa# #er%u%un 5en!an aik #anpa an#uan 5an

&a%ukan 5ari era!ai pihak8 O"eh karena i#u6 penu"i% &en!u:apkan #eri&a ka%ih

kepa5a(

+8 Oran! Tua 5an %au5ara penu"i% $an! #e"ah &e&erikan 5ukun!an &ori"6

5oa6 &aupun &a#eri"8

,8 Bapak Ir8 Har5jono6 M8T %e"aku Ke#ua 'uru%an Teknik Ki&ia Po"i#eknik

Ne!eri Ma"an!8

-8 Iu Nanik Hen5ra7a#i6 ST86MS8 Se"aku Do%en Pe&i&in! $an! %e"a"u

&e&o#i;a%i6&en!arahkan6 5an &e"uan!kan 7ak#un$a %e"a&a pro%e% a7a"

prak#iku& hin!!a pen$u%unan Laporan Akhir8

.8 Se!enap Bapak


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Ma"an!6 -+ 'u"i ,/+4

Penu"i%

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ABSTRAK

Sofiana, Anna Rubidan Widyantini, Ilmi Nu! "#$%! P&n'au( P&namba(an Ma'n&)ium St&aat dan Pot&in *ada P&mbuatan Biod&'adabl& Foam d&n'an

M&tod& Ba+in' Po&))! Dibimbin' ol&( Nani+ -&nda.ati, S/!,MS!

Biod&'adabl& Foam b&ba(an da)a *ati )in'+on', *ot&in, dan

+ito)andi(a)il+an d&n'an m&tod& Ba+in' Po&))!P&namba(an Ma'n&)ium )t&aat

dan 0&ni) *ot&in yan' b&b&da b&*&n'au( *ada +ualita) biod&'adabl&

foam!1umla( *&namba(an Ma'n&)ium St&aa di2aia)i+an dai $3 $!43 "!"3 "!53 6!73

7 8.9., )&dan'+an )umb& *ot&in yan' di'una+an b&a)al dai *ot&in +aan'

+&d&lai, +aan' tana(, dan *uti( t&lu! :0i Kualita) biod&'adabl& foam yan'dila+u+an t&(ada* (a)il yaitu u0i .at& ab)o*tion, biod&'adability, u0i tai+, dan

u0i SEM! P&namba(an Ma'n&)ium St&aat )&banya+ 7 8.9. m&mili+i tin'+at .at&

ab)o*tion dan biod&'adability yan' *alin' &nda(! Ma'n&)ium St&aat

b&*&n'au( t&(ada* +&mam*uan *&ny&a*an ai dan +&mam*uan t&d&'ada)inya

foam, )&dan'+an tida+ b&*&n'au( )i'nifi+an t&(ada* +uat tai+!Kuat tai+

di*&n'au(i ol&( +ito)an yan' b&*&an )&ba'ai fill& dan 'li)&ol yan' b&*&an

)&ba'ai *la)tii;&!-a)il u0i SEM m&nun0u++an ba(.a biod&'adabl& foam yan'

di(a)il+an m&mili+i fa)& +i)talin yan' &nda(!

Kata +uni < Biod&'adabl& foam, ba+in' *o&)), ma'n&)ium )t&aat, *ot&in

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ABSTRACT

Sofiana, Anna Ruby and Widyantini, Ilmi Nu! "#$%! Eff&t of Addition of

Ma'n&)ium St&aat& and Pot&in on Biod&'adabl& Foam.it( Ba+in' Po&))!

Guid&d by Nani+ -&nda.ati, S/!, MS!

Biod&'adabl& Foam mad& fom a))a2a )ta(, *ot&in, and (ito)an

*odu&d by t(& m&t(od of Ba+in' Po&))! Addition of Ma'n&)ium )t&aat& and

diff&&nt ty*&) of *ot&in) aff&t t(& =uality of t(& biod&'adabl& foam! Ma'n&)ium

)t&aat& numb& of addition) t(at a) many a) $3 $!43 "!"3 "!53 6!73 78 . 9 ., .(il&

t(& *ot&in )ou& u)&d i) d&i2&d fom )oy *ot&in, *&anut, and &'' .(it&! >uality of

biod&'adabl& foam t&)t ondut&d on t(& &)ult) of t(at t&)t .at& ab)o*tion,

biod&'adability, t&n)il& t&)t, and t&)t SEM! Addition of Ma'n&)ium St&aat& a) mu(

a) 78 . 9 . (a2& a .at& ab)o*tion l&2&l and t(& lo.&)t biod&'adability!

Ma'n&)ium )t&aat& aff&t t(& ability of ab)o*tion of .at& and foam d&'adationability, .(&&a) no &ff&t )i'nifiantly on t&n)il& )t&n't(! /&n)il& )t&n't( i) aff&t&d

by t(& (ito)an at) a) a fill& and 'ly&ol .(i( at) a) a *la)tii;&! SEM t&)t

&)ult) )(o.&d t(at t(& biod&'adabl& foam *odu&d (ad a lo. y)tallin& *(a)&!

K&y.od) < Biod&'adabl& foam, ba+in' *o&)), ma'n&)ium )t&aat, *ot&in

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DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR..........................................................................................i

ABSTRAK............................................................................................................iii

ABSTRCT............................................................................................................iv

DAFTAR ISI........................................................................................................v

DAFTAR TABEL.................................................................................................viii

DAFTRA GAMBAR...........................................................................................ix

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN........................................................................................x

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................1

+8+ La#ar Be"akan!8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888+

+8, Ruan! Lin!kup Ma%a"ah8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888-

+8- Ba#a%an Ma%a"ah8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888-+8. Ru&u%an Ma%a"ah8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888.

1.5 Tujuan Pene"i#ian888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888.

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.........................................................................5

,8+ Biod&'adabl& Foam!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!4

,8, Pa#i Sin!kon!8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888884

,8- Ki#o%an8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888=,8. Pro#ein888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888883

A8 I%#i"ah8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888883

B8 S#ruk#ur Mo"eku"8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888883

>8 A%a& ? A%a& A&ino888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888@D8 'u&"ah 5an 'eni% A%a& A&ino888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888

E8 Ka:an! Ke5e"ai88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888+/

)8 Ka:an! Tanah 8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888++

G8 Pu#ih Te"ur8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888++,84 Kara!enan88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888++

,8= Ma!ne%iu& S#eara#888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888+,,83 G"i%ero"888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888+-

BAB III METODE PERCOBAAN ...................................................................14

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-8+ Me#o5e Per:oaan8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888+.-8, A"a# 5an Bahan888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888+.

-8- Pro%e5ur Per:oaan88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888+4

A8 Pe&ua#an I%o"a# Pro#ein888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888+4

B8 Pe&ua#an Biod&'adabl& Foam!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+4-8. Ske&a Kerja8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888+3

A8 Pe&ua#an I%o"a# Pro#ein888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888+3

B8 Pe&ua#an Biod&'adabl& Foam!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+@>8 Uji Wat& Ab)o*tion!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+

D8 Uji Biod&'adability !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+

E8 Uji Tarik 8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888,/)8 Uji SEM 8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888,/

-84 ariae" Per:oaan888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888,+

A8 ariae" Te#ap888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888,+B8 ariae" Beruah8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888,+

-8= Teknik Pen!u&pu"an Da#a8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888,+A8 Uji Wat& Ab)o*tion!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!,+

B8 Uji Biod&'adability!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!,,>8 Uji Tarik88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888,-

D8 Uji SEM 8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888,.

BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................24

.8+ Ha%i" Pene"i#ian 88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888,.

.8, Pe&aha%an 8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888-/

A8 Wat& Ab)o*tion!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!-/

B8 Biod&'adability!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!-,>8 Uji Tarik8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888-.

D8 Uji SEM 888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888-=

BAB V PENUTUP ..............................................................................................40

48+ Ke%i&pu"an 88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888./

48, Saran 888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888./

DAFTAR PUSTAKA...........................................................................................41

LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................4

PERN!ATAAN KEASLIAN TULISAN ..........................................................4"

DAFTAR RI#A!AT HIDUP..............................................................................4$

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DAFTAR TABLE

Tae" .8+ Ha%i" Biod&'adabl& Foam!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!,4

Tae" .8, )or&u"a%i Biod&'adabl& Foam Pro#ein Ka:an! Ke5e"ai888888888888888888888,=

Tae" .8- )or&u"a%i Biod&'adabl& Foam Pro#ein Ka:an! Tanah888888888888888888888888,=Tae" .8. )or&u"a%i Biod&'adabl& Foam Pro#ein Pu#ih Te"ur88888888888888888888888888888,3

Tae" .84Ha%i" Uji Wat& Ab)o*tion Pro#ein Ka:an! Ke5e"ai88888888888888888888888888888,3Tae" .8=Ha%i" Uji Wat& Ab)o*tion Pro#ein Ka:an! Tanah88888888888888888888888888888888,3

Tae" .83Ha%i" Uji Wat& Ab)o*tion Pro#ein Pu#ih Te"ur8888888888888888888888888888888888888,@

Tae" .8@Ha%i" Uji Biod&'adability Pro#ein Ka:an! Ke5e"ai Se"a&a +. Hari888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888,@

Tae" .8Ha%i" Uji Biod&'adability Pro#ein Ka:an! Tanah Se"a&a +. Hari8888888

8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888,@

Tae" .8+/Ha%i" Uji Biod&'adability Pro#ein Pu#ih Te"ur Se"a&a +. Hari88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888,

Tae" .8++Ha%i" Uji Tarik Pro#ein Ka:an! Ke5e"ai88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888,Tae" .8+,Ha%i" Uji Tarik Pro#ein Ka:an! Tanah88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888,Tae" .8+-Ha%i" Uji Tarik Pro#ein Pu#ih Te"ur8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888-/

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Ga&ar ,8+ S#ruk#ur A&i"o%a 8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888=

Ga&ar ,8, S#ruk#ur Ki#o%an888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888=

Ga&ar ,8- Ru&u% A%a& A&ino88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888@

Ga&ar ,8. S#ruk#ur Kara!enan8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888+/

Ga&ar ,84 S#ruk#ur Ma!ne%iu& Ma!ne%iu& S#eara#888888888888888888888888888888888888888888++

Ga&ar ,8= S#ruk#ur G"i%ero"88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888++

Ga&ar .8+ Huun!an Pena&ahan Ma!ne%iu& S#eara# *C7


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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

L%&'i(%) 1 C*)+*, P-(,i+)/%).......................................................................4

L%&'i(%) 1 U(%) S'-i&-) Ui T%(i 45

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1.1 L%+%( B-3%%)/

Di In5one%ia S#$rooa& a#au *oly)ty&n& e!i#u an$ak 5i!unakan

o"eh &anu%ia 5a"a& kehi5upann$a %ehari9hari6 :on#ohn$a %ea!ai i%o"a%i a!ar

#i5ak #erja5i (&at lo))6 5a$a apun!6 #e#api %ea!ian e%ar 5i!unakan %ea!ai

pen!e&a%an *pa:ka!in!0 aran!9aran! e"ek#ronik hin!!a un!ku% &akanan8

Se:ara u&u& S#$rooa& er7arna pu#ih6 en#ukn$a %e5erhana 5an rin!an8

)un!%i S#$rooa& pa5a pen!e&a%an aran! &a&pu &enja!a en5a a!ar #e#ap

a&an pa5a %aa# pro%e% pen!iri&an8Styofoam#eruk#i #i5ak ra&ah "in!kun!an6 karena #i5ak 5apa#

5iuraikan %a&a %eka"i8 Bahkan pa5a pro%e% pro5uk%in$a %en5iri6 &en!ha%i"kan

"i&ah $an! #i5ak %e5iki#6 %ehin!!a 5ika#e!orikan %ea!ai pen!ha%i" "i&ah

eraha$a ke94 #ere%ar 5i 5unia o"eh EPA * En2iom&ntal Pot&tion A'&ny08O"eh karena i#u6 &u"ai an$ak 5ike&an!kan pro5uk po"i&er biod&'adab&l 6

%a"ah %a#un$a a5a"ah 5en!an &e&ua# po"ipa5uan era%i% pa#i8Te"ah an$ak

pene"i#ian $an! &e"aporkan pe&ua#an po"ipa5uan pa#i6 5i an#aran$a 5en!an

po"ipropi"ena *>8H AFhari 5an S8)81on!6 ,//+06 po"ie#i"ena *B8Raj 5kk6

,//.06 &on&ori"oni# *P8Ka&peerapappun 5kk6 ,//306 5an PS &e"a"ui #eknik

po"i&eri%a%i %u%pen%i *K8Kae7#a#ip 5kk6 ,//@08Po"ipa5uan !au% PS?pa#i

$an! &a&pu #erio5e!ra5a%i #e"ah 5irin#i%8

Ber5a%arkan pene"i#ian $an! #e"ah 5i"akukan o"eh Pa"o 5kk *,//306

pena&ahan pro#ein iji un!a &a#ahari &e&pen!aruhi ke&a&puan

pen$erapan air6 ke&a&puan #erio5e!ra5a%i6 5an kekua#an #arik 5ari %ua#u

Biod&'adabl& Foam!Ma!ne%iu& %#eara# a5a"ah %en$a7a hi5rooik $an!

erun!%i un#uk &en:e!ah &ene&pe"n$a foam $an! #eren#uk pa5a

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14/61

:e#akan!Guar !u& erun!%i un#uk &en:e!ah #erja5in$a )olid )&*aation a#au

pe&i%ahan pa5a :a&puran biod&'adabl& foam*Sa"!a5o6 S:hi&5#6 Or#i%6

Mauri6 an5 Laurin5o6 ,//@ Shro!en e# a"86 +@08Se5an!kan !"i%ero"

5i#a&ahkan %ea!ai p"a%#i:iFer8*Shro!en e# a"86 +@08Pena&ahan %era#

%e"u"o%a &enin!ka#kan %ia# &ekani% pa5a Biod&'adabl& Foam!*S:hi&5#6

,//=08

Dikarenakan &aha"n$a har!a iji un!a &a#ahari6 &aka ka&i

&e&i"iki a"#erna#i pen!!an#i un#uk iji un!a &a#ahari #er%eu#8Pro#ein 5ari

ka:an! #anah 5an ka:an! ke5e"ai &a&pu &en!!an#ikan pro#ein iji un!a

&a#ahari8Se"ain har!an$a $an! "eih &urah6 ke5ua %u&er pro#ein #er%eu#

&u5ah 5i5apa#8

Biod&'adabl& foam $an! 5iha%i"kan %e"anju#n$a 5i"akukan e&pa#

jeni% pen!ujian6 $ai#u uji .at& ab)o*tion *ke&a&puan &en$erap air06 uji

biod&'adability *ke&a&puan #er5e!ra5a%i06 uji #arik6 5an uji Sannin'

El&ton Mio)o*y *SEM08Uji .at& ab)o*tion 5i"akukan 5en!an

&en:e"upkanbiod&'adabl& foam ke5a"a& air %e"a&a =/ 5e#ik8 'u&"ah air

5ihi#un! %ea!ai pere5aan era# 5an 5i#unjukkan 5a"a& &a%a air $an!

#era%or per &a%%a %a&pe" &u"a9&u"a *ABNT6 +08 Uji biod&'adability

5i"akukan 5en!an &e&en5a& biod&'adabl& foam 5i5a"a& #anah8Pere5aan

era# biod&'adabl& foam %ee"u& 5an %e%u5ah pe&en5a&an a5a"ah .&i'(t

lo)) 5ari foam $an! #er5e!ra5a%i8Uji #arik 5i"akukan 5en!an &o5iika%i

a"a#.Uji SEM 5i"akukan 5en!an &ikro%kop Pheno& T$pe G, Pro8Uji ini

5i"akukan un#uk &en!e#ahui &oro"o!i pa5a biod&'adabl& foam $an!

5iha%i"kan8

Pene"i#ian $an! akan 5i"akukan a5a"ah pe&ua#an biod&'adabl& foam

erahan 5a%ar pa#i %in!kon!6 ki#o%an6 5an pro#ein $an! era%a" 5ari ka:an!

#anah6 ka:an! ke5e"ai6 5an pu#ih #e"ur8 Pene"i#ian ini 5iharapkan &a&pu

&en!ha%i"kan pro5uk biod&'adabl& foam 5en!an #in!ka# biod&'adability

5an .at& ab)o*tion $an! aik8

12


15/61

1.2 R%)/ Li)/' M%%3%,

Me#o5e $an! 5i!unakan pa5a pene"i#ian ini a5a"ah &e#o5e ba+in'

*o&))6 $ai#u &e#o5e pen:a&puran ahan aku 5en!an ahan a5i#i "a"u

5i#uan!kan ke5a"a& :e#akan 5an 5ikerin!kan 5en!an :ara 5ipan!!an! a#au

5ipana%kan8 Bahan aku $an! 5i!unakan &e"ipu#i pa#i %in!kon!6 ki#o%an6 5an

Pro#ein8 Pro#ein 5i;aria%ikan &en!!unakan Pro#ein ka:an! ke5e"ai6 ka:an!

#anah6 5an pu#ih #e"ur8 Se5an!kan ahan a5i#i &e"ipu#i &a!ne%iu&

%#eara#6kara!enan6 5an !"i%ero"8 Se5an!kan &e#o5e ana"i%a pro5uk

Biod&'adabl& Foam a5a"ah uji .at& ab)o*tion6 uji biod&'adability, uji

kekua#an #arik6 5an uji SEM *Sannin' El&ton Mio)o*y?8 )ak#or9ak#or

$an! &e&pen!aruhi pe&ua#an biod&'adabl& foam ini an#ara "ain( %u&er

pro#ein 5an ju&"ah Ma!ne%iu& S#eara# $an! 5i!unakan8

1. B%+%%) M%%3%,

Da"a& pene"i#ian ini akan 5iaha% &en!enai pe&ua#an Biod&'adabl&

Foam 5ari pa#i %in!kon!6 ki#o%an 5an pro#ein 5en!an :ara Ba+in' Po&))!

A5apun a#a%an &a%a"ah 5a"a& pene"i#ian &en:akup ;aria"e9;ariae"

eriku#(+8 ariae" Te#ap

a8 'eni% Bahan Baku ( Pa#i Sin!kon!

Ki#o%an 8 'u&"ah Bahan Baku ( Pa#i Sin!kon!( Pro#ein (+

Ki#o%an( +/ !ra&

:8 'eni% Pe"aru# ( Air

A%a& A%e#a# + C

58 'u&"ah Pe"aru# ( Air ( ./ !ra&

A%a& A%e#a# ( +// !ra&

e8 A5i#i ( G"i%ero" *=C 7


16/61

1.4 R&%) M%%3%,

Da"a& pene"i#ian ini akan 5iaha% &en!enai pe&ua#an Biod&'adabl&

Foam 5ari pa#i %in!kon!6 ki#o%an 5an pro#ein 5en!an :ara Ba+in' Po&))!

A5apun ru&u%an &a%a"ah $an! akan 5i#e"i#i &e"ipu#i (

1 Ba!ai&ana pen!aruh pro#ein $an! 5i#a&ahkan #erha5ap kua"i#a%

biod&'adabl& foam

2 Ba!ai&ana pen!aruh pena&ahan Ma!ne%iu& S#eara# #erha5ap kua"i#a%

biod&'adabl& foam

Ba!ai&ana %ia# &ekani%6 biod&'adability, 5an ke&a&puan .at&

ab)o*tion #erha5ap biod&'adabl& foam

4 Ba!ai&ana %#ruk#ur &oro"o!i biod&'adabl& foam #erha5ap uji &ekani%6

biod&'adability,.at& ab)o*tion $an! #eraik

1.5 T%) P-)-3i+i%)

A5apun #ujuan 5ari pene"i#ian ini &e"ipu#i (

+0 Men!e#ahui pen!aruh pro#ein $an! 5i#a&ahkan #erha5ap kua"i#a%

biod&'adabl& foam!

,0 Men!e#ahui pen!aruh pena&ahan Ma!ne%iu& S#eara# #erha5ap kua"i#a%

biod&'adabl& foam8

-0 Men!e#ahui %ia# &ekani%6 biod&'adability, 5an ke&a&puan .at&

ab)o*tion #erha5ap biod&'adabl& foam8

.0 Men!e#ahui %#ruk#ur &oro"o!i biod&'adabl& foam #erha5ap uji &ekani%6

biod&'adability 5an .at& ab)o*tion $an! #eraik8

BAB II

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 Biodegradable F*%&

Biod&'adabl& *a+a'in' a5a"ah a"#erna#i pen!!an#i *la)ti

*a+a'in' 5a"a& kehi5upan %ehari9hari8 Biod&'adabl& foam a5a"ah ke&a%an

a"#erna#i pen!!an#i S#$rooa& $an! #erua# 5ari :a&puran pa#i6 %era# %e"u"o%a6%er#a po"i&er %in#e#ik $an! er%ia# biod&'adabl& 5an 5i:e#ak 5en!an pro%e%

t(&mo*&))in' 8 A5a #i!a jeni% pro5uk biod&'adabl& foam6 $ai#u +0 foam

erupa u#iran ke:i" @loo)& fill foam? $an! u&u&n$a 5i!unakan %ea!ai

pen$erap !e#aran a#au an#a"an pa5a pro5uk9pro5uk $an! &u5ah ru%ak %eper#i

3


17/61

aran! e"ek#ronik6 ,0 foam eren#uk "e&aran $an! %e"anju#n$a akan 5ien#uk

a#au 5i&o"5in!6 5an -0 foam 5en!an en#uk khu%u% %eper#i &an!kok $an!

5iua# 5en!an pro%e% pe&an!!an!an8*Iriani6 5kk8 ,/++0

2.2 P%+i Si)/*)/

Pa#i &erupakan ho&opo"i&er !"uko%a 5en!an ika#an J9!"iko%i5ik8Pa#i

#er5iri 5ari 5ua rak%i $an! 5apa# 5ipi%ahkan 5en!an air pana%8 )rak%i #er"aru#

5i%eu# a&i"o%a 5an rak%i #i5ak "aru# 5i%eu# a&i"opek#in *[email protected]

S#ruk#ur a&i"o%a &erupakan %#ruk#ur "uru% 5en!an ika#an J9*+6.09D9!"uko%a8

A&i"opek#in #er5iri 5ari %#ruk#ur er:aan! 5en!an ika#an J9*+6.09D9!"uko%a

5an #i#ik per:aan!an a&i"opek#in &erupakan ika#an J9*+6=08 Bera# &o"eku"

a&i"o%a 5ari eerapa riu hin!!a 4//8///6 e!i#u pu"a 5en!an a&i"opek#in*Tekni%i La DRP8 ,/+-0 *Lehnin!er6 +@,08

Ga&ar ,8+ S#ruk#ur A&i"o%a

2. Ki+*%)

Ki#o%an ia%an$a 5ipero"eh 5ari pro%e% 5ea%e#i"a%i ki#in 5a"a& kon5i%i

a%ah8 Ki#in &erupakan %a"ah %a#u ahan or!anik $an! pa"in! er"i&pah ke5ua

%e#e"ah %e"u"o%a8Ki#in &erupakan ahan pen$u%un pen#in! 5ari %#ruk#ur

:an!kan! pa5a he7an $an! er#u"an! e"akan!6 #eru#a&a 5i kru%#a%ea6 &o"u%ka

5an%eran!!a8*A";e%6 Mano8 ,//@08

Ki#o%an a5a"ah jeni% po"i&er ran#ai $an! #i5ak "inier $an! &e&pun$ai

ru&u% u&u& *>=H++O.0n a#au 5i%eu# %ea!ai *+6.09,9A&ino9,9Deok%i99D9

G"uko%a6 5i&ana %#ruk#urn$a 5apa# 5i"iha# %ea!ai eriku#

4


18/61

Ga&ar ,8, S#ruk#ur Ki#o%an *Tha#e6 ,//.0

Sea!ian e%ar po"i%akari5a $an! #er5apa# %e:ara a"a&i %eper#i

%e""u"o%a6 5ek%#ran6 pek#in6 a%a& a"!ina#6 a!ar6 karan!enan er%ia# ne#ra" a#au

a%a& 5i a"a&6 %e5an!kan ki#o%an &erupakan po"i%akari5a $an! er%ia# a%a

*Ku&ar6 ,///08Menuru# Ri%&ana *,//=0 %ia# a"a&i ki#o%an 5apa# 5ia!i

&enja5i 5ua %ia# e%ar $ai#u6 %ia# ki&ia 5an io"o!i8 Sia# ki&ia ki#o%an an#ara

"ain (

a8 Merupakan po"i&er po"ia&in eren#uk "inear8

8 Me&pun$ai !u!u% a&ino ak#i8:8 Me&pun$ai ke&a&puan &en!ika# eerapa "o!a&8

Ki#o%an 5en!an en#uk a&ino ea% #i5ak %e"a"u "aru# 5a"a& air pa5a

pH "eih 5ari =64 %ehin!!a &e&er"ukan a%a& un#uk &e"aru#kann$a8 Ki#o%an

"aru# 5a"a& a%a& a%e#a# 5a& a%a& or&ia# en:er8 A5an$a 5ua !u!u% hi5rok%i"

pa5a ki#in %e5an!kan ki#o%an 5en!an + !u!u% a&ino 5an , !u!u% hi5rok%i"

&erupakan #ar!e# 5a"a& &o5iika%i ki&ia7i *Hirano6 5kk86+@308

2.4 P(*+-i)

A8 I%#i"ah

I%#i"ah Pro#ein era%a" 5ari ka#a 2unano *ot&o)6 $an! erar#i $an!

u#a&a a#au $an! 5i5ahu"ukan8 Ka#a ini 5iperkena"kan o"eh %eoran! ah"i

ki&ia Be"an5a6 Gerar5u% Mu"5er *+@/,9+@@/06 karena ia erpen5apa#

ah7a pro#ein a5a"ah Fa# $an! pa"in! pe#in! 5a"a& %e#iap or!ani%&

*A"&a#%ier6,//+08Pro#ein a5a"ah %u&er a%a&9 a%a& a&ino $an! &en!an5un! un%ur

>6 H6 O 5an N $an! #i5ak 5i&i"iki o"eh "e&ak a#au karohi5ra#8 *Bu5ian#o6

A8K6 ,//08

B8 S#ruk#ur Mo"eku"

5


19/61

Mo"eku" pro#ein &erupakan ran#ai panjan! $an! #er%u%un o"eh &a#a

ran#ai a%a&9a%a& a&ino8Da"a& &o"eku" pro#ein6 a%a&9a%a& a&ino %a"in!

5iran!kaikan &e"a"ui reak%i !u!u%an karok%i" a%a& a&ino $an! %a#u

5en!an !u!u%an a&ino 5ari a%a& a&ino $an! "ain6 %ehin!!a #erja5i ika#an

$an! 5i%eu# ika#an pep#i5a8Ika#an pepe#i5a ini &erupakan ika#an #in!ka#

pri&er8 Dua &o"eku" a%a& a&ino $an! %a"in! 5iika#kan 5en!an :ara

5e&ikian 5i%eu# ika#an 5ipep#i5a8 Bi"a #i!a &o"eku" a%a& a&ino6 5i%eu#

#ripep#i5a 5an i"a "eih an$ak "a!i 5i%eu# po"ipep#i5a8Po"ipep#i5a $an!

han$a #er5iri 5ari %eju&"ah eerapa &o"eku" a%a& a&ino 5i%eu#

o"i!opep#i5a8 Mo"eku" pro#ein a5a"ah %ua#u po"$pep#i5a6 5i&ana %eju&"ah

e%ar a%a&9a%a& a&inon$a %a"in! 5iper#au#kan 5en!an ika#an pep#i5a#er%eu# *Ga&an6 P8M6 +,0

>8 A%a&9a%a& A&ino

A%a& a&ino ia"ah a%a& karok%i"a# $an! &e&pun$ai !u!u%

a&ino8A%a& a&ino $an! #er5apa# %ea!ai ko&ponen6 pro#ein &e&pun$ai

!u!u% NH, pa5a a#o& karon J 5ari po%i%i !u!u% >OOH8 Ru&u% u&u&

un#uk a%a& a&ino ia"ah (

Ga&ar ,8- Ru&u% A%a& A&ino

Pa5a u&u&n$a a%a& a&ino "aru# 5a"a& air 5an #i5ak "aru# 5a"a&

pe"aru# or!anik non po"ar %eper#i e#er6 a%e#on6 5an k"oroor&8Sia# a%a&

a&ino ini ere5a 5en!an a%a& karok%i"a# &aupun 5en!an %ia#

a&ina8A%a& karok%i"a# a"ia#ik &aupun aro&a#ik $an! #er5iri a#a%

eerapa a#o& karon u&u&n$a kuran! "aru# 5a"a& air #e#api "aru# 5a"a&

pe"aru# or!anik8De&ikian a&ina pu"a u&u&n$a #i5ak "aru# 5a"a& air6 #e#api

"aru# 5a"a& pe"aru# or!anik *Poejia5i8A6 +.08A%a& a&ino a5a"ah

%en$a7a $an! &e&i"iki %a#u a#au "eih !u!u% karok%i" *>OOH0 5an %a#u

6


20/61

a#au "eih !u!u% a&ino *NH,0 $an! %a"ah %a#un$a #er"e#ak pa5a a#o& >

#epa# 5i%ee"ah !u!u% karok%i" *a#o& > a"a08A%a&9a%a& a&ino

er!aun! &e"a"ui ika#an pep#i5a $ai#u ika#an an#ara !u!u% karok%i" 5ari

a%a& a&ino 5en!an !u!u% a&ino 5ari a%a& a&ino $an! 5i%a&pin!n$a

*Su5ar&a5ji8S6 +@08

D8 'u&"ah 5an 'eni% A%a& A&ino pa5a Pro#ein Ka:an! Ke5e"ai6 Ka:an! Tanah6

5an Pu#ih Te"ur

Beriku# ini a5a"ah Tae" S#ruk#ur 5an 'u&"ah A%a& A&ino pa5a Ke#i!a

Su&er Pro#ein #iap +// !ra&8

A%a&

A&ino

'eni% Pro#einS#ruk#ur A%a& A&inoKa:an!

Ke5e"ai

Ka:an!

Tanah

Pu#ih

Te"ur

Li%in ,8+ +8+ /8+.

Hi%#i5in + + 9

Ar!inin -8, -84 9

A%a&

A%par#a#.84 .8 +8-

Treonin +84 /83 9

Serin ,8, ,8, /83-

A%a&

G"u#a&a#38= 3 +8=3=

Pro"in +8 +8 9

G"i%in +8 +8@ 9

7


21/61

A"anin +83 +8, 9

Si%#ein /8. /8- 9

a"in +8= +8+ 9

Me#ionin /8= /8+ 9

I%o"eu%in ,8+ /8 9

Leu%in -8- +8@ +8/@@

Tiro%in +84 /8- 9

)eni"a"anin , +84 9

To#a"

A%a&

A&ino

-8+ -+8- 484+

E8 Ka:an! Ke5e"ai

Ke5e"ai $an! 5iu5i5a$akan %eenarn$a #er5iri 5ari pa"in! #i5ak

5ua %pe%ie%( G"$:ine &a *5i%eu# ke5e"ai pu#ih6 $an! ijin$a i%a

er7arna kunin!6 a!ak pu#ih6 a#au hijau0 5an G"$:ine %oja *ke5e"ai hi#a&6

eriji hi#a&08 G8 &a &erupakan #ana&an a%"i 5aerah A%ia %u#ropik

%eper#i RR> 5an 'epan! %e"a#an6 %e&en#ara G8 %oja &erupakan #ana&an a%"i

A%ia #ropi% 5i A%ia Ten!!ara8Tana&an ini #e"ah &en$ear ke 'epan!6

Korea6 A%ia Ten!!ara 5an In5one%ia8 Ka:an! ke5e"ai 5ian!!ap %ea!ai

%a"ah %a#u ahan &akanan %u&er pro#ein naa#i $an! pa"in! aik8 Se"ain

kan5un!an pro#einn$a $an! :ukup #in!!i *-4C0

)8 Ka:an! Tanah

8


22/61

Ka:an! #anah &erupakan %u&er pro#ein naa#i $an! ei%ien a"a&i

ar#i ah7a un#uk &e&pero"eh ju&"ah pro#ein $an! :ukup6 re"a#i

5iper"ukan ka:an! #anah 5a"a& ju&"ah ke:i"8 Ka:an! #anah erni"ai #in!!i

5en!an ka5ar pro#einn$a &en:apai ,49-/C8G8 Pu#ih Te"ur

Kin!ori *,/+,0 &enje"a%kan ah7a pu#ih #e"ur &erupakan %a"ah

%a#u a!ian 5ari %euah #e"ur u#uh $an! &e&pun$ai per%en#a%e %eki#ar 4@9

=/ C 5ari era# #e"ur i#u 5an &e&pun$ai 5ua "api%an6 $ai#u "api%an ken#a"

5an "api%an en:er8 Be"" an5 1ea;er *,//,0 &ena&ahkan ah7a "api%an

ken#a" #er5iri a#a% "api%an ken#a" 5a"a& 5an "api%an ken#a" "uar 5i&ana

"api%an ken#a" 5a"a& han$a ++ C 5ari ;o"u&e #o#a" pu#ih #e"ur 5an "api%an

ken#a" pu#ih #e"ur &en!an5un! pro#ein8

2.5 K%(%/-)%)

Sa"ah %a#u %u&er a"a& iopo"i&er a5a"ah kara!enan8Kara!enan

&erupakan po"i%akari5a %u"a#6 5iek%#rak 5ari eerapa %pe%ie% ru&pu# "au#

&erah *Rho5oph$:eae08 Ber5a%arkan kan5un!an %u"a#n$a6 kara!inan

5ik"a%iika%ikan &enja5i kappa * 06 io#a *0 5an "a&5a *05en!an ju&"ahҡ

%u"a#n$a er#uru#9#uru# ,/C6 --C 5an .,C *Her"ian$6 5kk8 ,//08 Kara!enan

5iua# 5ari ru&pu# "au# $an! 5ikerin!kan6 ru&pu# "au# 5ia$ak un#uk

&en!hi"an!kan ko#oran 9 ko#oran %eper#i pa%ir 5an ke&u5ian 5i:u:i8Se#e"ah

&e"a"ui per"akuan 5en!an "aru#an a%a pana% *:on#ohn$a 4 9 @C ka"iu&

hi5rok%i5a06 %e"u"o%an$a 5ihi"an!kan 5ari kara!enan 5en!an &en!!unakan

pro%e %en#riu!a%i 5an i"#ra%i8 *Ra#on an5 S&oo"e$6 +-0

9


23/61

Ga&ar ,8. S#ruk#ur Kara!enan

2." M%/)-i& S+-%(%+ Ma'n&)ium St&aat& a#au otad&anoi aid, ma'n&)ium )alt

&erupakan a%a& "e&ak jenuh $an! &u5ah 5ipero"eh 5ari "e&ak he7ani %er#a

&in$ak &a%ak8 1uju5n$a pa5a# pa5a %uhu ruan!6 5en!an ru&u% ki&ia

>H-*>H,0+=>OOH8 *Su%an6 +@0

A%a& %#eara# 5ipro%e% 5en!an &e&per"akukan "e&ak he7an 5en!an

air pa5a %uhu 5an #ekanan #in!!i8A%a& ini 5apa# pu"a 5ipero"eh 5ari

hi5ro!ena%i &in$ak naa#i8 Da"a& i5an! in5u%#ri a%a& %#eara# 5ipakai

%ea!ai ahan pe&ua#an "i"in6 %aun6 p"a%#ik 6ko%&e#ika6 5an un#uk

&e"unakkan kare#8 Ti#ik "eur a%a& %#eara# =8= > 5an #i#ik 5i5ihn$a

-=+ >8Re5uk%i a%a& %#eara# &en!ha%i"kan %#eari" a"koho"8 *Su%an6 +@0

Ga&ar ,84 S#ruk#ur Ma!ne%iu& S#eara#

2.$ G3i-(*3

G"i%ero" ia"ah %ua#u #rihi5rok%i a"koho" $an! #er5iri a#a% - a#o& karon8'a5i

#iap a#o& karon &e&pun$ai !u!u% ?OH8Sa#u &o"eku" !"i%ero" 5apa# &en!ika# %a#u6

10


24/61

5ua6 #i!a &o"eku" a%a& "e&ak 5a"a& en#uk e%#er6 $an! 5i%eu# &ono!"i%eri5a6

5i!"i%eri5a 5an #ri!"i%eri5a8A5apun ru&u% &o"eku" !"i%erin 5apa# 5i#unjukkan pa5a

!a&ar eriku#

Ga&ar ,8= S#ruk#ur G"i%ero"

Sia# i%ik 5ari !"i%ero" (

a0 Ti5ak erau

0 Merupakan :airan #i5ak er7arna

:0 >airan ken#a" 5en!an ra%a $an! &ani%

50 Den%i#a% +6,=+

e0 Ti#ik "eur +@6,>

0 Ti#ik 5i5ih ,/ >

G"i%ero" $an! 5ipero"eh 5ari ha%i" pen$aunan "e&ak a#au &in$ak

a5a"ah %ua#u Fa# :air $an! #i5ak er7arna 5an &e&pun$ai ra%a $an! a!ak

&ani%8 G"i%ero" "aru# aik 5a"a& air 5an #i5ak "aru# 5a"a& e#er8G"i%ero"

5i!unakan 5a"a& in5u%#ri ar&a%i 5an ko%&e#ika %ea!ai ahan 5a"a&

prepara# $an! 5iha%i"kan8 Di %a&pin! i#u pen!!unaan !"i%ero" pa5a

biod&'adabl& foam er!una %ea!ai *la)ti)i;& 8 *Poe5jia5i6 ,//=08

11

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_lemakhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karethttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stearil_alkohol&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_lemak_jenuhhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilinhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabunhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastikhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmetikahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karethttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stearil_alkohol&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_lemak


25/61

BAB III

METODE PERCOBAAN

.1 M-+*- P-(6*7%%)

Me#o5e $an! 5i!unakan pa5a pene"i#ian ka"i ini a5a"ah &e#o5e ba+in'

*o&))6 5i&ana %e&ua ahan aku 5an a5i#i 5i:a&pur ke&u5ian 5i#uan!

ke5a"a& :e#akan 5an 5ipan!!an! a#au 5ipana%kan8 Me&;aria%ikan or&u"a

5i"akukan un#uk &en5apa#kan ha%i" biod&'adabl& foam $an! pa"in! aik8

arae" $an! 5iuah pa5a pene"i#ian ka"i ini a5a"ah pena&ahan &a!ne%iu&

%#eara# 5an jeni% pro#ein $an! 5i!unakan Pene"i#ian ini er#ujuan

&en!ha%i"kan pro5uk biod&'adabl& foam $an! &a&pu #er5e!ra5a%i 5an

5i"akukan pa5a %ka"a "aora#oriu&8

.2 A3%+ %) B%,%)%. B%,%)8

+8 Pa#i Sin!kon!

,8 Ki#o%an

-8 Pro#ein Ka:an! Tanah.8 Pro#ein Ka:an! Ke5e"ai

48 Pro#ein Pu#ih Te"ur

=8 A%a& A%e#a#

38 Air @8 Ma!ne%iu& S#eara#

8 Kara!enan

+/8 G"i%ero"7. A3%+

+8 Nera:a Ana"i#ik

,8 Ka:a Ar"oji-8 Spa#u"a

.8 Ge"a% Ki&ia

48 Ba#an! pen!a5uk =8 Ge"a% ukur

38 Lo$an!

@8 Mier

8 De%ika#or

+/8 Ker#a% Sarin!++8 A"a# SEM

+,8 A"a# Uji Tarik+-8 Tanah

+.8 Bo Ka$u

. P(*-( P-(6*7%%)

13


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A. P-&7%+%) I*3%+ P(*+-i)

Ka:an! #anah a#au ka:an! ke5e"ai $an! 5ija5ikan %u&er pro#ein

5i#i&an! %ean$ak 4// !ra& 5an 5i"akukan peren5a&an 5i5a"a& air %e"a&a

= ja&8Tujuan u#a&a a5a"ah un#uk &e"unakkan ka:an! %upa$a &u5ah %aa#5i"akukan pen!!i"in!an8 Se#e"ah = ja&6 ka:an! #anah 5an ke5e"ai 5i#iri%kan

ke&u5ian 5i!i"in! un#uk &en5apa#kan en#uk uuk 5ari ka:an! #er%eu#8

Ta&ahkan air 5en!an peran5in!an ka:an! ( air %ean$ak +(-8 Se#e"ah

#eren#uk 5ua "api%an $ai#u en5apan *pa#i0 5an :airan *i"#ra#0 pi%ahkan ke5ua

"api%an #er%eu# hin!!a 5i5apa#kan"ah i"#ra#n$a8Pana%kan i"#ra# hin!!a %uhu

@/o>8Ta&ahkan a%a& a%e#a# hin!!a pH "aru#an &en:apai .848En5apan $an!

#eren#uk 5ari pena&ahan a%a& a%e#a# ke&u5ian 5ipi%ahkan 5an 5i%arin!

&en!!unakan ker#a% %arin!8

B. P-&7%+%) Biodegradable Foam

Per#a&a pa#i %in!kon! 5ikerin!kan 5i5a"a& o;en pa5a %uhu @/ o>

%e"a&a ,. ja& ke&u5ian 5i%i&pan 5a"a& 5e%ika#or8 Pa#i %in!kon! $an! #e"ah

5ikerin!kan 5an pro#ein 5i#i&an! 5en!an peran5in!an +(6 5an ki#o%an

%ean$ak +/ !ra&8 Laru#kan ki#o%an ke5a"a& +// !ra& A%a& a%e#a# +C

"akukan pen!a5ukan %e"a&a 4 &eni# a!ar ho&o!en 5an &e&en#uk !e"8 Pa#i

%in!kon! %ean$ak -= !ra& 5i"aru#kan ke5a"a& ./ !ra& air8 Ke&u5ian

:a&purkan "aru#an pa#i 5an ki#o%an6 #a&ahkan pro#ein 5an ahan a5i#i8

Bahan a5i#i $an! 5i#a&ahkan a5a"ah Ma!ne%iu& S#eara# + +6= ,6, ,6@

-6. .C *7


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Dipanaskan hingga 80 oC

Cairan (fltrat)Asam Asetat

n!apan (pati) Cairan (fltrat)

Diren!am selama 6 "am

#a$ang #e!elai % #a$ang &anahDitim'ang 250 gram

#a$ang tanah % ka$ang ke!elai

Dihalskan

Ditam'ahkan air !engan per'an!ingan ka$ang

n!apan +ang ter'entkDisaring

,rotein isolat

.4 S-&% K-(%

A. P-&7%+%)I*3%+P(*+-i)

15


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Dia!k hingga homogen

A!onan -oam.liserol

Dia!k hingga homogen

A!onan -oam

A!onan -oam !i$etak !an !io/en pa!a sh 100oC selama 1 "am

oam +ang !ihasilkan

oam +ang !ihasilkan

Diamkan selama 4

"i "i ater A'sor'tion "i &arik "i io!egra!a'ilit+

ampel

tim'ang ntk mengetahi penam'ahan 'erat +ang ter"a!i

Ditim'ang

ampel

en!am !alam air selama

ampel !engan kran 255 $mDinginkan !alam !esikator selama 20 meniterat aal sampel

Dihilangkan sisa air !i permkaan -oammenggnakan ti

B. P-&7%+%) Biodegradable Foam

C. Ui Water Absorption

16

Pa#i Sin!kon! 5ipana%kan

pa5a %uhu @/o> %e"a&a ,.

ja& Air A%a& A%e#a# +C

Ki#o%an

Dia5uk hin!!aho&o!en

Laru#an pa#i

%in!kon!Laru#an ki#o%an ?

a%a& a%e#a#Pro#ei

Dia5uk hin!!a

ho&o!enMa!ne%iu&S#eara# 5an

Kara!enanA5onan foam


29/61

ampel !ipen!am !i!alam tanahampel +ang s!ah !ip

Ditim'ang ntk menggetahi pengra

ampel aal

en!am hingga "enh !an !itim'ang se'agai 'erat aalDengan akt pemen!aman 2 mingg

D. Ui Biodegradability

17


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,otong spesimen sesai !engan kran :epit pa!a alat

pesimen &arik !engan 'e'an hingga spesimen pts

Catat 'e'an maksimm !an hitng kat tarikn+a

iapkan pesimen

;etakkan sampel !i hol!er mikroskop

askkan ke !alam mo!e optik

'ah ke mo!e ntk analisa< sesaikan per'esaran


31/61

.5 V%(i%73- P-(6*7%%)

A5apun ;ariae" $an! 5i!unakan pa5a pene"i#ian ka"i ini a5a"ah(

A8 ariae" Te#ap

'u&"ah Pa#i $an! 5i!unakan ( -= !ra&

'u&"ah Pro#ein $an! 5i!unakan ( . !ra&'u&"ah Ki#o%an $an! 5i!unakan ( +/ !ra&

'u&"ah Air $an! 5i!unakan ( ./ !ra&

'u&"ah A%a& A%e#a# $an! 5i!unakan ( +// !ra&'u&"ah Kara!enan $an! 5i!unakan ( /634 !ra&

'u&"ah G"i%ero" $an! 5i!unakan ( = !ra&

Suhu Pen!o;enan ( +// Q>B8 ariae" Beruah

'u&"ah pena&ahan Ma!ne%iu& S#eara# ( /64 !ra& /6@ !ra& +6+

!ra& +6. !ra& +63

!ra& , !ra&

'eni% Pro#ein $an! 5i!unakan ( Pro#ein Ka:an! Ke5e"ai

Pro#ein Ka:an! Tanah

Pro#ein Pu#ih Te"ur

." T-)i P-)/&'3%) D%+%

A. Ui Water AbsorptionPen!ujian .at& ab)obtion pa5a pro5uk biod&'adabl& foam

&en!a:u pa5a %#an5ar# ABNT NBR NM ISO 4-46 +8 Foam 5ipo#on!

5en!an ukuran ,64 4 :&6 5i"akukan peni&an!an 5an 5i:a#a# %ea!ai era#

foam a7a"8 Ke&u5ian foam 5iren5a& 5i5a"a& air %e"a&a =/ 5e#ik8 An!ka#

foam6 ke&u5ian kerin!kan &en!!unakan #i%u un#uk &en!hi"an!kan %i%a air

$an! &ene&pe" pa5a foam8Lakukan peni&an!an "a!i 5an :a#a# %ea!ai era#

akhir foam8Pere5aan era# foam a7a" 5an akhir 5i:a#a# %ea!ai an$akn$a air

$an! #er%erap o"eh biod&'adabl& foam8Perhi#un!an per#a&ahan era# <Per#a&ahan era#*C0 * 1/91+0 +//C

1/Ke#eran!an(1/ Bera# a7a" *!ra&0

1+ Bera# Akhir *!ra&0

19


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B. Ui Biodegradability

Biod&'adabl& foam $an! 5iha%i"kan 5ari pa#i %in!kon! 5iuji

ke&a&puan #er5e!ra5a%i 5en!an :ara &e&en5a&n$a 5i5a"a& #anah %e"a&a

+.hari8 Di"akukan peni&an!an a7a" un#uk &en!e#ahui era# foam %ee"u&

5ipen5a& 5i5a"a& #anah8Se#e"ah 5ipen5a& 5i5a"a& #anah6 5i#i&an! ke&a"i

un#uk &en!e#ahui biod&'adabl& foam $an! #er5e!ra5a%i8 *Ghorpa5e6

Genna5io%6 an5 Hanna8 ,//+0Perhi#un!an .&i'(t lo)) <.&i'(t lo)) @ 8 ? * 1/91+0 +//C

1/Ke#eran!an(1/ Bera# a7a"

1+ Bera# Akhir

20


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C. Ui T%(i

Ana"i%i% &en!a:u pa5a /&(nial A))oiation of t(& Pul* and Pa*&

Indu)ty *TAPPI0 No8 T./.8 Pa5a ap"ika%in$a6 foam 5ipo#on! %e%uai 5en!an

ukuran8 Ke&u5ian foam 5ijepi#kan pa5a a"a# uji #arik ha%i" &o5iika%i5an

5i#arik hin!!a pu#u%8 La"u 5i:a#a# ean %aa# penarikan *!08 Be%arn$a #e!an!an

&ak%i&u& $an! &a&pu 5i#ahan o"eh foam hin!!a #i#ik pu#u%n$a5ihi#un!

&en!!unakan per%a&aan %ea!ai eriku#(

F maks=m.a

*+0

Ke#eran!an(

F maks Te!an!an &ak%i&u& *N0

m Bean %aa# 5i#arik *K!0

a Per:epa#an !ra;i#a%i *&


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D. Ui SEM

Mikro%kop e"ek#ron 5i!unakan %ea!ai a"a# pen5e#ek%i ojek pa5a

%ka"a $an! a&a# ke:i"8 Ana"i%i% %ia# per&ukaan 5i"akukan &en!!unakan

Sannin' El&ton Mio)o*& *SEM0 un#uk &en!e#ahui &oro"o!i

biod&'adabl& foam $an! 5iha%i"kan8 Prin%ip kerja SEM a5a"ah 5e#ek%i

e"ek#ron $an! 5iha&urkan o"eh %ua#u %a&pe" pa5a#an ke#ika 5i#e&ak o"eh

erka% e"ek#ron erener!i #in!!i %e:ara kon#in$u $an! 5iper:epa# 5i 5a"a&

e"e:#ro&a!ne#i: :oi" $an! 5ihuun!kan 5en!an Cat(od& Ray /ub& *>RT0

%ehin!!a 5iha%i"kan %ua#u inor&a%i &en!enai kea5aan per&ukaan %ua#u

%a&pe" %en$a7a8 'eni% &ikro%kop SEM $an! 5i!unakan un#uk pen!ujian

%a&pe" a5a"ah Pheno& #$pe G, Pro8

22


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BAB IV

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

4.1 H%i3 P-)-3i+i%)

Tae" .8+ Ha%i" Biod&'adabl& Foam'eni%

Pro#ein

Pena&ahan Ma!ne%iu& S#eara# *C7


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'eni%

Pro#ein

Pena&ahan Ma!ne%iu& S#eara# *C7


37/61

Tae" .8. )or&u"a%i Biod&'adabl& FoamPro#ein Pu#ih Te"ur

S%&'-3 P%+i

Si)/*)/

9/

Ki+*%)

9/

P(*+-i)

9/

Ai(

9/

K%(%/-)%)

9/

G3i-(*3

9/

M/

S+-%(%+

9/

A%

A-

9/

1 -= +/ .8/+ ./8/, /834 = /84 +//

2 -=8/+ +/ .8/, ./8/+ /834 = /8@+ +//

-=8/+ +/ .8/+ ./ /834 = +8+ +/

4 -= +/ .8/+ ./8/+ /834 = +8. +//

5 -= +/8/+ . ./8/+ /834 =8/+ +83+ +//

" -= +/ .8/+ ./ /834 = , +//

Tae" .84 Ha%i" Uji Wat& Ab)o*tion Pro#ein Ka:an! Ke5e"ai

S%&'3- M/

S+-%(%+9:;


38/61

Tae" .83Ha%i" Uji Wat& Ab)o*tion Pro#ein Pu#ih Te"ur

S%&'3- M/

S+-%(%+

9:;


39/61

Tae" .8+/Ha%i" Uji Biod&'adability Pro#ein Pu#ih Te"ur Se"a&a +. Hari

S%&'3

-

M/ S+-%(%+

9:; &./

9N

? >

9&

1 + /8-.43 3 ,/ +./ -8-@3@= /8/,

2 +8= /8-4=+ 3 ,/ +./ -8.@3@ /8/,

,8, /8-=4@3 3 ,/ +./ -84@44,= /8/,

4 ,8@ /8-./3 3 ,/ +./ -8.,/@@= /8/,

5 -8. /8-=3++ 3 ,/ +./ -843=3@ /8/,

" . /8-44@ 3 ,/ +./ -8.@@=/. /8/,

Tae" .8+,Ha%i" Uji Tarik Pro#ein Ka:an! Tanah

S%&'-

3

M/ S+-%(%+

9:; &./

9N

? >

9&

1 + /8,@3 3 ,/ +./ ,8-@3,= /8/,

2 +8= /8-/.+ 3 ,/ +./ ,8@@++@ /8/,

,8, /8-/.+, 3 ,/ +./ ,8@/-3= /8/,

4 ,8@ /8,@3+ 3 ,/ +./ ,8,3-4@ /8/,

5 -8. /8-+//+ 3 ,/ +./ -8/-@/@ /8/,

" . /8-//= 3 ,/ +./ ,8../@ /8/,

27


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Tae" .8+-Ha%i" Uji Tarik Pro#ein Pu#ih Te"ur

S%&'-

3

M/ S+-%(%+

9:; &./

9N

? >

9&

1 + /8,3= 3 ,/ +./ ,83+.4/, /8/+

2 +8= /8,3./ 3 ,/ +./ ,8=@=/@, /8/+

,8, /8,34+, 3 ,/ +./ ,8==+3= /8/+

4 ,8@ /8,3@/+ 3 ,/ +./ ,83,..@ /8/+

5 -8. /8,3=+4 3 ,/ +./ ,83/=,3 /8/+

" . /8,33/+ 3 ,/ +./ ,83+.=@ /8/+

4.2 P-&7%,%%)

A. Water Absorption

Sa"ah %a#u uji kua"i#a% Biod&'adabl& Foam $ai#u 5en!an uji .at&

Ab)o*tion!Uji ini 5i"akukan un#uk &en!e#ahui ke#ahanan foam #erha5ap

air8Uji 7a#er a%orp#ion 5i"akukan 5en!an :ara &en!hi#un! peruahan era#

$an! #erja5i akia# an$akn$a air $an! 5i%erap oa&8 'u&"ah air $an! 5i%erap

5i#u"i%kan %ea!ai per%en air $an! #er%erap8Ha%i" ana"i%a 5a#a 5ari uji .at&

ab)o*tion 5io"ah 5a"a& en#uk !raik .8+ eriku#8

1 2 3 4 5 6

0=

15=

30=

45=

60=

75=

90=

Ka:an! Ke5e"ai

Ka:an! Tanah

Pu#ih Te"ur

P-)%&7%,%) M%/)- i& S-%(%+ 9: ;


41/61

Dari ha%i" pen!ujian .at& ab)o*tion 5ike#ahui ah7a pena&ahan

Ma!ne%iu& S#eara# erpen!aruh #erha5ap kua"i#a% biod&'adabl& foam!Pa5a

!raik .8+ #er"iha# ah7a %e&akin an$ak Ma!ne%iu& S#eara# $an!

5i#a&ahkan6 &aka ke#ahanan #erha5ap air %e&akin #in!!i8 Ma!ne%iu&

S#eara# er%ia# hi5rooik6 5i &ana %en$a7a ini akan &e&en#uk "api%an i"&

hi5rooik $an! #ipi% 5i%eke"i"in! foam $an! &en$eakan ke&a&puan .at&

ab)obtionfoam &en!a"a&i penurunan8 Ke:en5erun!an penurunan

ke&a&puan pen$erapan air ini #erja5i pa5a biod&'adabl& foam 5en!an #i!a

jeni% i%o"a# pro#ein $an! ere5a $ai#u ka:an! ke5e"ai6 ka:an! #anah6 &aupun

pu#ih #e"ur8Ha%i" .at& ab)o*tion pa5a foam 5en!an ke#i!a jeni% pro#ein $an!

ere5a &enunjukkan penurunan $an! :ukup %i!niikan8 Pa5a pro#ein ka:an!

ke5e"ai penurunan 5a$a %erap air 5ari %a&pe" 5en!an pena&ahan

Ma!ne%iu& S#eara# +C7


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43/61

5a"a& en#uk !raik .8, eriku#

1 2 3 4 5 6

0=

15=

30=

45=

Ka:an! Ke5e"aiKa:an! Tanah

Pu#ih Te"ur

P-)%&7%,%) M%/)-i& S+-%(%+ 9:;


44/61

&aka air $an! #er%erap o"eh foam akan %e&akin %e5iki#8 Foam $an! 5e&ikian

ini akan "eih "a&a #er5e!ra5a%i akia# #erha&a#n$a &e#ao"i%&e

&ikroor!ani%&e pen5e!ra5a%i8 Maka %e:ara #i5ak "an!%un! Ma!ne%iu&

S#eara# erpen!aruh #erha5ap ke&a&puan foam un#uk #er5e!ra5a%i8

Ke:en5erun!an penurunan per%en #er5e!ra5a%in$a foam akia#

pena&ahan Ma!ne%iu& S#eara# #er"iha# pa5a ke#i!a jeni% pro#ein8 Ha" ini

5apa# 5i"iha# pa5a Ga&ar ,8. $an! &enunjukkan penurunan per%en

#er5e!ra5a%i foam 5en!an pro#ein ka:an! ke5e"ai 5ari %a&pe" 5en!an

pena&ahan M! S#eara# +C7


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#erha5ap "ua% pena&pan! ahan &u"a ? &u"a8 *Su5ir&an6 5kk8 ,//,0 Tujuan

&e"akukan uji #arik a5a"ah un#uk &en!e#ahui kekua#an #arik biod&'adabl&

foam!Ha%i" uji #arik biod&'adabl& foam 5io"ah 5a"a& en#uk !raik .8.8

/

/8/+

/8/+

/8/,

/8/,

/8/-

/8/-

Ka:an! Ke5e"ai

Ka:an! Tanah

Pu#ih Te"ur

M/ S+-%(%+ 9:;0 5ari %a&pe" 5en!an pena&ahan

Ma!ne%iu& S#eara# + C7


46/61

&e&i"iki kua# #arik &ak%i&u& %ee%ar =643 MPa8 Ha" ini 5ikarenakan

pen!!unaan %era# %e"u"o%a pa5a biod&'adabl& foam $an! 5apa# &enin!ka#kan

kua# #arik 5ari oa& $an! 5iha%i"kan8

Sia# Po"i&er $an! #er&op"a%#ik u&u&n$a &e&pun$ai 5ua a%a6 $ai#u

a%a a&or 5an a%a kri%#a"in8Daerah kri%#a"in #er%u%un 5ari ran#ai &o"eku"

$an! #era#ur 5an rapa# %ehin!!a &e&pun$ai kua# #arik $an! "eih e%ar

5ian5in!kan 5aerah a&or8Se5an!kan 5aerah a&or &e&pun$ai ran#ai

&o"eku" $an! #i5ak #era#ur8 *Su5ir&an6 5kk8 ,//,0 Di"iha# 5ari ha%i" uji #arik

biod&'adabl& foam $an! ra#a ? ra#a erni"ai ke:i"6 &aka a%a a&or "eih

&en5o&ina%i 5aripa5a a%a kri%#a"in8

Kua# #arik ju!a 5ipen!aruhi o"eh pena&ahan ki#o%an 5an !"i%ero"8

Se&akin an$ak ki#o%an $an! 5i#a&ahkan &aka kua# #arik foam akan

%e&akin aik8 Sea"ikn$a %e&akin an$ak !"i%ero" $an! 5i#a&ahkan6 &aka

&enin!ka#kan e"a%#i%i#a% foamkarena un!%i 5ari !"i%ero" %ea!ai *la)ti)i;& 8

Ha" ini 5ikarenakan %e&akin an$ak ki#o%an $an! 5i#a&ahkan6 %e&akin

an$ak ika#an hi5ro!en pa5a foam6 %ehin!!a foam akan &e&i"iki ni"ai kua#

#arik $an! #in!!i8

D. SEM 9 Scanning Electron Microscophy)

Moro"o!i biod&'adabl& foam 5i"iha# 5en!an uji SEM @Sannin'

El&ton Mio)o*y?!Sa&pe" foam $an! 5iuji a5a"ah foam 5ari pro#ein

ka:an! ke5e"ai 5en!an pena&ahan Ma!ne%iu& S#eara# %ean$ak . C7


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Ga&ar .8. Moro"o!i Biod&'adabl& foam Pro#ein Ka:an! Ke5e"ai 5en!an

Pena&ahan Ma!ne%iu& S#eara# .C*7


48/61

ren5ahn$a rp& pu#aran pa5a %aa# pe&ua#an biod&'adabl& foam!Ter"iha# ju!a pa5a

Ga&ar .8= ah7a %#ruk#ur oa& $an! #era#ur6 5a"a& po"i&er 5i%eu# a%e kri%#a"in

5an %#ruk#ur $an! #i5ak #era#ur6 5a"a& po"i&er 5i%eu# a%e a&or8

Ga&ar .8=Moro"o!i Biod&'adabl& foam Pro#ein Ka:an! Ke5e"ai 5en!an



49/61

Ga&ar .83Moro"o!i Biod&'adabl& foam Pro#ein Ka:an! Ke5e"ai 5en!an



50/61

BAB V

PENUTUPAN

5.1 K-i&'3%)

Ke%i&pu"an 5ari pene"i#ian pe&ua#an biod&'adabl& foam a5a"ah %ea!ai eriku# (

+8 'eni% pro#ein $an! 5i#a&ahkan pa5a biod&'adabl& foam erpen!aruh

#erha5ap uji .at& ab)o*tion5an uji biod&'adability! Se&akin an$ak

ju&"ah a%a& a&ino ;a"in6 i%o"eu%in6 5an a%a& !"u#a&a# 5a"a& pro#ein &aka

foam $an! 5iha%i"kan &e&i"iki 5a$a #ahan #erha5ap air $an! #in!!i8 'eni%

pro#ein ju!a &e&pen!aruhi e%arn$a kua# #arik foam! Kua# #arik #ere%ar

5ipero"eh 5ari jeni% pro#ein ka:an! ke5e"ai 5en!an %ee%ar /6/,4=@ MPa8

,8 Pena&ahan Ma!ne%iu& S#eara# pa5a biod&'adabl& foam&enurunkan

.at& ab)o*tion 5an biod&'adability oa&6 na&un #i5ak erpen!aruh

%e:ara %i!niikan #erha5ap uji kua# #arik8 Pena&ahan Ma!ne%iu& S#eara#

.C *7


51/61

,8 Pa5a pro%e% pe&ua#an biod&'adabl& foam rp& pu#aran %eaikn$a

5i;ariae"kan6 Ha" ini 5apa# erpen!aruh pa5a Kua# Tarik io5e!ra5a"e

oa&8

-8 Uji #arik %eaikn$a era:uan pa5a %#an5ar#8

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

39


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A!u%#ina6 N86 Ro%$i5i6 D86 Thohari6 I8 ,/+-8 E2alua)i Sifat Puti( /&lu Ayam

Pa)t&ui)a)i Ditin0au dai *-, Kada Ai, Sifat Emul)i dan Daya K&mban'

An'&l Ca+&8 Ma"an!( )aku"#a% Pe#ernakan Uni;er%i#a% Bra7ija$a

>oni7an#i6 P86 Lai"a6 L86 A"ira6 M8R86 ,//=8 P&mbuatan Film Pla)ti+ Biod&'adabl&

dai Pati 1a'un' d&n'an P&namba(an Kito)an dan P&mla)ti)

Gli)&ol!In5ra"a$a( )aku"#a% Teknik Uni;er%i#a% Sri7ija$a

Hen5ri#o&o6 Henk$ I%na7an8 ,/+/8 P&n'au( P&tumbu(an Mi+oba t&(ada* Mutu

K&a* S&lama P&nyim*anan!'akar#a( Pu%a# Pen!kajian 5an Penerapan

Tekno"o!i Bioin5u%#ri8

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LAMPIRAN

+8 Perhi#un!an Pen!en:eran A%a& A%e#a#

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Dike#ahui (

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DAFTAR RI#A!AT HIDUP

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DAFTAR RI#A!AT HIDUP

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laporan akhir penamabahan magnesium stearat pada pembuatan biodegradable foam dengan metode baking...

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