kimia below 100 newewewe

7/27/2019 Kimia Below 100 Newewewe

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1

(a)

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM JOHOR 2009-KERTAS 2

Section ABahagian A

Answerall questios in this section.Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

Diagram 1.1 shows the arrangement of atoms in substance X and Y.Rajah 1.1 di bawah menunjukkan atom-atom untuk bahan X dan Y.

Based on Diagram 1.1, answer the following questions:Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, jawab soalan-soalan berikut:

(i) Identify which of the substance in Diagram 1.1 is a pure metal.

Tentukan bahan yang manakah dalam Rajah 1.1 adalah logamtulen.

Pure metal :Logam tulen [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) Explains your answers in (a) (i)Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (a) (i)

[2 marks]

[2 markah]


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(b)

(iii) Which of the substance is harder, X or Y?Give a reason for your answer.

Diantara bahan X dan Y, yang manakah lebih keras?Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda.

[2 marks][2 markah]

Diagram 1.2 below shows the structural formula of a polymer.Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi suatu polimer.

Based on Diagram 1.2, answer the following questions:Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2, jawab soalan-soalan berikut:

(i) State the meaning of polymer.Nyatakan maksud polimer.

[1 mark][1 markah]


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2

(a)

(ii) Draw and name the structural formula of its monomer.Lukiskan dan namakan formula struktur bagi monomernya.

[2 marks][2 markah]

(iii) State on use of the polymer in Diagram 1.2 in our daily life.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan polimer pada Rajah 1.2 dalamkehidupan seharian kita.

........................................................................................................................[1 mark]

[1 markah]

Diagram 2.1 shows the heating curve of solid naphtalene, C10H8.Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan lengkung pemanasan pepejal naftalena, C10H8.

(i) Name the process involved in this experiment.Namakan proses yang terlibat dalam eksperimen ini.

[1 mark]

[1 markah]


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(b)

(c)

(d)

(i) State the type of particle present in Naphtalene, C10H8.Nyatakan jenis zarah yang terdapat dalam Naftalena, C10H8.

Explain why there is no change in temperature from B to CTerangkan mengapa tida perubahan suhu dari B ke C

...

[2 marks][2 markah]

State how the movement of naphtalene particles changes from C to Dduring heating.

Nyatakan bagaimana pergerakan zarah-zarah naftalena berubahsemasa pemanasan dari C ke D.

...[1 marks]

[1 markah]

Diagram 2.2 shows the atomic model proposed by Neils Bohr.Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan model atom yang dicadangkan oleh Neils Bohr.

(i) Name X and Y.Namakan X dan Y.

X :.. Y :

[1 marks][1 markah]


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(e)

3

Table 2 shows the number of protons and neutrons of four differentatoms.Jadual 2 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan neutron bagi empat atomyang berlainan.

Atom Number of protonsBilangan proton

Number of neutronsBilangan neutron

w 16 17

x 16 16

y 3 4

z 19 20

Table 2Jadual 2

(i) Which atoms are isotopes?Atom-atom yang manakah adalah isotop?

[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (e) (i).Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda di (e) (i).

..

[2 marks][2 markah]

Table 3 shows pH values of different concentration of hydrochloric acid,HCl solutions.

Jadual 3 menunjukkan nilai-nilai pH bagi larutan asid hidroklorik, HClyang berbeza kepekatan.

Type of solution Solution ILarutan I

Solution IILarutan II

Solution IIILarutan III

ConcentrationKepekatan

0.1 mol dm- 0.01 mol dm- 0.001 mol dm-

pH valueNilai pH

1 2 3


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(b)

(iii) Name an indicator that can be used to measure the pHvalues of

the solutions I,II and III.

Namakan satu penunjuk yang boleh digunakan untuk mengukur

nilai pH larutan-larutan I,II dan III.

[1 mark]

[1 markah]

Solution I is used to neutralise 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 of sodiumhydroxide, NaOH solution.

Larutan I digunakan untuk meneutralkan 25 cm3 larutan natriumhidroksida,NaOH 0.1 mol dm-3.

(i) Calculate the number of moles of sodium hydoxide, NaOH inthe

solution.

Hitungkan bilangan mol natrium hidroksida, NaOH dalamlarutan.

[1 marks][1 markah]

(ii) Calculate the volume of Solution I used to neutralise sodiumhydroxide, NaOH solution in cm3.

Hitungkan isipadu Larutan I yang digunakan untuk meneutralkanlarutan natrium hidroksida, NaOH dalam cm3.

[3 marks][3 markah]

(iii) Draw an apparatus set-up for the titration of sodium

hydroxidesolution with solution I.

Lukis susunan radas untuk pentitratan larutan natriumhidroksida dengan Larutan I.

[2 marks][2 markah]


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1

Section BBahagian B

[20 marks][20 markah]

Answer any one question from this section.Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini.

(a) Diagram 7.1 shows an apparatus set-up to determine theempirical formula of magnesium oxide.

Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukanformula empirik magnesium oksida.

(i) During the experiment, we need to raise the lid a little atintervals. Why?

Ketika eksperimen dijalankan, kita perlu membukapenutup sekali sekala.Mengapa?

[2 marks][2 markah]

(ii) Table 7 shows the results for the experiment to determinethe empirical formula of magnesium oxide.

Jadual 7 menunjukkan keputusan bagi satu eksperimenuntuk menentukan formula empirik bagi magnesium

oksida.

Mass of crucible + lidJisim mangkuk pijar + penutup

28.24 g

Mass of crubicle + lid + magnesium ribbonJisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + pita magenesium

30.64 g

Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxideJisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + magnesium oxide

32.24 g

Based on the results in Table 7, determine the empirical formula ofMagnesium oxide.[Relative atomic mass : Mg = 24, O =16]Berdasarkan keputusan dalam Jadual 7, tentukan formula empirik


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Bagi magnesium oksida.[Jisim atom relatif : Mg = 24 , O =16]

[5 marks][5 markah]

(b) Diagram 7.2 shows an apparatus set-up to determine theempirical formula of copper oxide.

Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukanformula empirik oksida.

(i) Compare the method used in experiment in Diagram 7.2 withDiagram 7.1.Bandingkan kaedah melakukan eksperimen dalam Rajah 7.2dengan kaedah dalam Rajah 7.1.

[4 marks][4 markah]

(ii) State the reactants to produce hydrogen gas in Part A.Nyatakan bahan-bahan untuk menghasilkan gas hidrogen diBahagian A.

[2 marks][2 markah]

(iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in Part A.Tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas di Bahagian A.

[1 marks][1 markah]


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(1)

(a)

(iv) State three precautions that must be taken in Part B.Explain your answer.

Nyatakan tiga langkah berjaga-jaga yang mesti diambil dalam

bahagian B.Terangkan jawapan anda.

[6 marks][6 markah]

Section CBahagian C


Diagram 9 shows the atomic structure of three elements X,Y and Z.Rajah 9 menunjukkan struktur atom bagi tiga unsur X,Y dan Z.

Based on Diagram 9, two types of compounds can be formed.Explain the differences between the two compounds formed in terms of

Types of chemical bonds, and Boiling and melting points.

Berdasarkan Rajah 9, dua jenis sebatian boleh terbentuk.Terangkan perbezaan diantara dua sebatian tersebut dari segi

Jenis ikatan kimia yang terbentuk, dan Takat lebur dan takat didihnya.

[4 marks][4 markah]


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(b)

(c)

Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed between X andY, and explain the formation of the compund.

Lukiskan susunan elektron untuk pembentukan sebatian di antara X danY, dan terangkan pembentukan sebatian tersebut.

[6 marks][6 marks]

You are given two samples of chemical substances, P and Q.Both of them are white solids is a covalent compound and Q is an ioniccompound.

Describe a laboratory experiment to investigate the electricalconductivity of P and Q. Include the observations in your answer.Suggest a suitable example for each substance P and substance Q.

Anda diberi dua sampel bahan kimia, P dan Q.Kedua-duanya berwarna putih.P adalah sebatian kovalen dan Q adalahsebatian ion.Huraikan satu eksperimen makmal untuk mengkaji kekonduksian aruselektrik sebatian P dan Q.Sertakan pemerhatian yang diperolehi dalamjawapan anda.Cadangkan satu contoh yang sesuai bagi setiap bahan P dan bahan Q.



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(2)

(a)

(b)

Methane, CH4 is commonly used as a fuel and is the main component

liquefied gas.The heat of combustion of methane is -898 kJ mol-1Write the chemical equation for the complete combustion of methane.Calculate the amount of heat released when 1 g of methane iscompletely burnt in air.

[Relative atomic mass of C=12, H=1, O=16 ]

Metana, CH4 adalah bahan api yang biasa digunakan dan ianya adalahkomponen utama yang terdapat dalam gas asli cecair.Haba pembakaran metana adalah -898 kJ mol-1.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi pembakaran lengkap metana.Hitungkanjumlah haba yang dibebaskan apabila 1 gram metana terbakar denganlengkap dalam udara berlebihan.

[Jisim atom relatif : C =12, H=1, O=16]

[4 marks][4 markah]

Diagram 10.1 and diagram 10.2 show two energy level diagrams ofreactions.Rajah 10.1 dan 10.2 menunjukkan dua gambarajah aras tenaga tindakbalas kimia.

EnergyTenaga

A + B

C + D

Diagram 10.1

Rajah 10.1


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EnergyTenaga

R + S

P + Q

Diagram 10.2Rajah 10.2

Compare and contrast Diagram 10.1 and 10.2 in terms of changes ofenergy content, heat change and the temperature change for thereactions.

Bandingkan dan bezakan Rajah 10.1 dan 10.2 dari segi perubahankandungan tenaga, perubahan haba dan perubahan suhu tindak balasdalam tindak balas ini.

[6 marks][6 markah]


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(c) Table 10 shows the heat of combustion of four types of alcohol.

Jadual 10 di atas menunjukkan haba pembakaran bagi empat jenisalcohol.

Name ofalcohol

Nama alkohol

MolecularformulaFormulamolekul

Raltivemolecular mass

Jisim atomrelatif

Heat ofcombustion

Habapembakaran/kJ

mol-1

MethanolMetanol

CH3OH 32 -725

EthanolEtanol

C2H5OH 46 -1376

PropanolPropanol

C3H7OH 60 -2015

Butan-1-olButan-1-ol

C4H9OH 74 -2676

Table 10Jadual 10

Use data from Table 10, draw the graph of magnitude of heat ofcombustion against number of carbon atoms.

Based on the data from Table 10 and graph plotted,

(i) State the change in the heat of combustion for the given alcohols.(ii) Explain your answer in (c)(i).

Dengan menggunakan data dari Jadual 10, lukis graf magnitud habapembakaran melawan bilangan atom karbon.

Berdasarkan data dari Jadual 10 dan graf yang diplotkan,

(i) nyatakan perubahan haba pembakaran bagi alkohol yang diberikan.

(ii) terangkan jawapan anda dalam (c) (i)


[PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM JOHOR 2009-KERTAS 2]


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1

(a)

(b)

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM PAHANG 2009-KERTAS 2

Section ABahagian A


Diagram 1 shows the set-up of apparatus to determine the melting pointof substance X by heating solid X until it melts.Then the temperature ofsubstance X is recorded every half minutes when it is left to cool at roomtemperature.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan takat leburbagi asetamida dengan memanaskan pepejal asetamida sehinggalebur.Kemudian suhu asetamida direkodkan setiap setengah minitapabila dibiarkan menyejuk pada suhu bilik.

What Is the purpose of using water bath in the experiment?Apakah tujuan menggunakan kukus air dalam eksperimen ini?

[1 mark]

Name one substance which its melting point can be determined by usingwater bath.

Namakan satu bahan yang takat leburnya boleh ditentukanmenggunakan kukus air

[1 mark]


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(c)

(d)

(e)

Sodium nitrate has a melting point of 310 oC. Can the melting point ofsodium nitrate be determined by using water bath as shown in thediagram?

Explain your answer.

Natrium nitrat mempunyai takat lebur 310oC.Bolehkah takat leburnatrium nitrat ditentukan menggunakan kukus air seperti dalam rajah diatas?

Terangkan jawapan anda....[2 marks]

Why do we need to stir the molten substance X when it is left to cool toroom temperature?

Mengapakah kita perlu mengacau leburan asetamida semasa dibiarkansejuk ke suhu bilik?

.[1 mark]

The grapf of temperature against time for the cooling of moltensubstance X is shown below.Graf suhu melawan masa bagi penyejukan leburan bahan X ditunjukkandi bawah.

(i) State the melting point of substance X?Nyatakan takat lebur bahan X?

.[1 mark]

(ii) Explain why there is no change in temperature from Q to R.Terangkan mengapa suhu tidak berubah dari Q ke R.

[1 mark]


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(f)

(2)

(a)

(b)

What is the state of matter for substance X at RS?Apakah keadaan jirim bagi bahan X pada RS?

.....[1 mark]

Diagram 2 shows the symbols of atom for element U, V, W and X.Rajah 2 menunjukkan simbol-simbol atom bagi unsur U,V,W dan X.

Write the electron arrangement of atom W.Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom W.

[1 mark]

(i) Element U,V,W and X are placed in the same period in the

Periodic Table.State the period.

Unsur U,V,W dan X berada dalam kala yang sama dalam JadualBerkala.Nyatakan kala itu.

..[1 mark]

(ii) Compare the atomic size of element V and X.Bandingkan saiz atom unsur V dan X.

[1 mark]

(iii) Explain your answer in (b) (ii)Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (b)(ii)

[2 marks]

X


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(c)

(d)

Element V can react with element W to form a compound.Unsur V boleh bertindak balas dengan unsur W membentuk satusebatian.

(i) Write the chemical formula for the compound.Tuliskan formula kimia bagi sebatian itu.

[1 mark]

(ii) State one physical property for the compound formed.Nyatakan satu sifat fizikal bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.

[1 mark]

When element U react with element W, a compound is produced. Statethe type of compound that is produced.Apabila unsur U bertindak balas dengan unsur W, satu sebatian terhasil.Nyatakan jenis sebatian yang terhasil.

[1 mark]

Draw the electron arrangement for the compund in (d) (i).Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian dalam (d)(i)

[2 marks]


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(3) Diagram 3 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the reactionbetween potassium iodide solution and chlorine water through thetransfer of electrons at a distance.Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menyiasat tindak balas diantara larutan kalium iodide dan air klorin melalui pemindahan elektron

pada satu jarak.

(a) What is the function of dilute sulphuric acid?Apakah fungsi asid sulfurik cair?

..[1 mark]

(b) On the diagram 3, draw the direction of the flow of electrons.Pada Rajah 3, lukiskan arah pengaliran elektron.

(c) (i) What is the colour change in the solution around electrode P?Apakah perubahan warna dalam larutan di sekitar elektrod?

[1 mark]

(ii) Describe a chemical test to determine the product formed inthe solution at electrode P.

Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk menentukan hasil yangterbentuk dalam larutan di elektrod P.

[2 marks]


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(b) Compare and contrast cell A and B. Include in your answer theobservations and half equations for the reactions at the electrodes inboth cells.Banding dan bezakan sel A dan sel B.Sertakan dalam jawapan andapemerhatian dan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di elektrod-elektrod kedua-dua sel.

(c) A student intends to electroplate an iron ring with silver.Seorang pelajar ingin menyadur cincin besi dengan argentum.

(i) State two purposes of electroplatingNyatakan dua tujuan penyaduran.

[2 marks]

(ii) Design a laboratory equipment to electroplate the iron ring.Rancangkan satu eksperimen makmal untuk menyadur cincin

besi tersebut.

Your answer should consist of the followingProcedures of the experiment.A labeled diagram showing the set of apparatus.Half equation for the reactions at both electrodes.Observations at both electrodes.

Jawapan anda hendaklah termasuk perkara-perkara berikut:


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1(a)

(b)

Langkah-langkah eksperimen.Gambar rajah susunan radas berlabel.Sesetengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di kedua-dua elektrod.Pemerhatian di kedua-dua elektrod.

Section CBahagian C


(i) Explain by naming an example each, the meaning of saturatedhydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.Dengan menamakan setiap contoh, terangkan maksud hidrokarbon tepudan hidrokarbon tak tepu.

(ii) Unsaturated hydrocarbon can be converted into saturatedhydrocarbon.

State the process and the condition needed.Write the chemical equation involved.

Hidrokarbon tak tepu boleh ditukarkan kepada hidrokarbon tepu.

Nyatakan proses dan keadaan yang diperlukanTuliskan persamaan kimia yang terlibat

(i)

Alkohol Carboxylic acid Ester

Explain briefly how conversion of homologues series above can becarried out.Jelaskan dengan ringkas bagaimana pertukaran siri homolog diatasdapat dilakukan.

(ii) Simple carboxcylic with low molecular mass can dissolve inwater to produce acidic solutions.Asid karboksilik yang ringkas dengan jisim molekul yang kecilboleh larut dalam air untuk menghasilkan larutan berasid.

By using an example describe the properties of carboxylic acid.Include your answer with chemical equation.Dengan menggunakan contoh, terangkan sifat-sifatasid karboksilik. Sertakan persamaan kimia dalam jawapan anda.[ 8 marks]


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(1)

(a)

(c)

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM TERENGGANU 2009-KERTAS 2

Section ABahagian A


Table 1 shows atom the number of proton and the number of neutron inatom X, Y and Z.Jadual 1 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan bilangan neutron dalamatom X,Y dan Z.

AtomAtom

Number of protonBilangan proton

Number of neutronBilangan neutron

X 6 6

Y 6 8Z 8 8

Table / Jadual 1

State three subatomic particles of an atom.Nyatakan tiga zarah sub atom.

[1 mark]

(b) (i) What is meant by isotope?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop?

.

[1 mark]

(ii) Which atoms are isotopes?Atom-atom yang manakah merupakan isotop?

..[1 mark]

(iii) State the radioisotope that is used to treat thyroid diseases.Nyatakan radioisotop yang digunakan untuk merawat penyakittiroid.

.[1 mark]

(i) Write the electron arrangement of atom X.Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom X.

.[1 mark]

(ii) What is valence electron of atom X?Apakah elektron valens bagi atom X?


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(d)

(e)

Write the symbol for atom Y in the form of

Tuliskan simbol bagi atom Y dalam bentuk

..[1 mark]

(i) Draw the electron arrangement of atom Z.Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi atom Z.

[1 mark]

(ii) State the position of element of atom Z in the Periodic Table ofElement.Nyatakan kedudukan unsur bagi atom Z dalam Jadual BerkalaUnsur.

.

[1 mark]


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2

(a)

(b)

Diagram 2.1 shows two types of cell.Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan dua jenis sel.

State the name of cell X and cell Y.Namakan sel X dan sel Y.

Cell X :

Sel X :

Cell Y:Sel Y:..................................................................................................

[2 marks]

Write the formulae of all ions present in copper (II) sulphate solution.Tuliskan formula bagi semua ion yang hadir dalam larutan kuprum (II)sulfat.

..[1 mark]


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(c)

(d)

(e)

Based on the cell X ;Berdasarkan sel X ;

(i) What happen to intensity of blue colour of copper (II) sulphate

solution?Apakah yang berlaku kepada keamatan warna biru larutan kuprum(II) sulfat?

.[1 mark]

(ii) Write a half equation for the reaction that occurs at the copper plateQ.Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku dikepingan kuprum Q.

.[1 mark]

Based on the cell Y;Berdasarkan sel Y;

(i) State the energy change occurred in cell Y.Nyatakan perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam sel Y.

.[1 mark]

(ii) What is the expected observation at the zinc plate S?Apakah pemerhatian yang dijangkakan pada kepingan zink S?

.[1 mark]

(iii) If the zinc plate S is replaced by a magnesium strip, describe whatwill happen to the voltmeter reading.

Jika kepingan zink S digantikan dengan pita megnesium, nyatakan apayang berlaku kepada bacaan voltmeter.

.[1 mark]

Diagram 2.2 shows the set up of apparatus when cell X is combinedwith cell Y.Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan susunan radas apabila sel X digabungkandengan selY.


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3.

(i) On Diagram 2.2, draw arrows ( ) to show the direction of theelectrons flow.Pada Rajah 2.2, lukiskan anak panah untuk menunjukkan arahpengaliran elektron.

Diagram 3 shows the set-up of apparatus for titration of potassiumhydoxide solution with sulphuric acid.Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menjalankan pentitratanlarutan kalium hidroksida dengan asid sulfurik.


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(b) A student carried out two experiments to investigate the effect of

concentration on the rate of reaction.Diagram 7.1 shows the set-up ofapparatus of the expperiments.Seorang pelajar menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan

kepekatan ke atas kadar tindak balas.Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan susunanradas bagi eksperimen-eksperimen itu.

ExperimentEksperimen

Set-up of apparatusSusunan radas

I

II


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Table 7.2 shows the result of the experiments.Jadual 7.2 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen itu.

Time/s 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210

Volume ofgas ofexperimentI/cm3

Isipadu gasbagiEksperimenI/cm3

0.00 5.00 10.00 14.20 18.00 21.30 24.00 26.00

Volume of

gas ofexperimentII/cm3

Isipadu gasbagiEksperimenII/cm3

0.00 10.00 17.00 23.00 25.00 26.00 26.00 26.00

Table 7.2/ Jadual 7.2

(i) Plot the graph of the volume of carbon dioxide gas against time forExperiment I and II on the same axes on the graph paper provided atpage 17.Lukiskan graf isipadu gas karbon dioksida melawan masa bagiEksperimen I dan II pada paksi yang sama pada kertas graf yangdisediakan.

[4 marks]

(ii) Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I and II.

Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi Eksperimen I dan II.[ 4marks]

(iii) Compare the rate of reaction between Experiment I and Experiment II.Explain the differences in the rate of reaction with reference to thecollision theory.

Bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara Eksperimen I denganEksperimen II.Terangkan perbezaan itu dengan merujuk teori pelanggaran.

[5 marks]


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1(a)

Section C


Table 9 shows the electron arrangement for atoms W,X and Y.Theseletter are not the actual symbols of the elements.Jadual 9 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom W,X dan Y.Huruf-huruf ini bukanlah simbol sebenar bagi unsur-unsur tersebut.

Elementunsur

Electron arrangementSusunan elektron

W

X

Y


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(b)

(i) Compare the atomic size of element X and Y.Explain your answer.Bandingkan saiz atom unsur X dan Y.Terangkan jawapan anda.

[ 3 marks]

(ii) Based on the information in Table, explain why element Y exists asdiatomic molecules.Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 9, terangkan mengapa unsur Ywujud sebagai molekul dwiatom.

[3 marks]

(iii) Using the information in Table, explain how two compounds can beformed from these atom of elements based on their electronarrangements.The two compounds should have different bond type.Dengan menggunakan Jadual, terangkan bagaimana dua sebatianboleh terbentuk daripada atom-atom unsur itu berdasarkan susunan

elektronnya.Dua sebatian itu hendaklah mempunyai jenis ikatan yangberlainan.

[10 marks]

The following is a lsit of chemical substancesBerikut adalah senarai beberapa bahan kimia

Sodium chloride/ natrium klorida Napthalene / naftalena Carbon dioxide / karbon dioksida Zinc Nitrate / zink nitrat

Classify these substances into substance that have high melting point andlow melting point.Explain your answer.Kelaskan bahan-bahan ini kepada bahan yang mempunyai takat leburyang tinggi dan takat lebur yang rendah.Terangkan jawapan anda.

[4 marks]

[PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM TERENGGANU 2009]


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JAWAPAN PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN 2009-KIMIA (JOHOR)

QuestionNo.

Explanation

1 (a)(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(b)(i)

(ii)

(iii)

2(a)(i)

(ii)

(b)

(c)

SECTION APure metal : Substance XAlloy : Substance Y

-Pure metal has atoms of the same size / same typewhich are orderly arranged.

- Alloy has foreign atoms

Substance Y.The foreign atoms disrupt the orderly arrangement of the metal atoms andprevent the layers of metal atoms from sliding over each other.

Polymers are large molecules made up of identical repeating units calledmonomers which are joined together by covalent bonds.

H H

H C = C Cl

Name of monomer Chloroethane

To make drain pipes /artificial leather /water-proof clothes/shoes/bags/asinsulator for electric wiring

Melting

Molecule

The heat energy absorbed by the particles is used to overcome the forces ofattraction between the naphthalene molecules / particles.

The particles move faster


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1(a)

(i)

(ii)

(b)(i)

(ii)

Section B

-To allow the oxygen / air to enter the crucible

- for the complete combustion of magnesium

Element Magnesium,Mg Oxygen,O

Mass(g) 30.64-28.24=2.4 32.24-30.64=1.6

Number of moles of atoms 2.4 = 0.124

1.6 =0.116

Simplest ratio of moles 1 1

EmpiricalFormula

MgO MgO

Diagram 7.1 Diagram 7.2

Similarty It involves heating It involves heating

The reaction isbetween a gas and asolid

The reaction is betweena gas and a solid

Differences Metal oxide is formed Metal is formed

Metal is reacted withoxygen gas

Metal oxide is reactedwith hydrogen gas

The mass of the solidincreases

The mass of the soliddecreases


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(iii)

(iv)

1(a)

(i)

-Dilute hydrochloric acid // or any dilute acid

-Zinc // or any reactive metal

2 HCl + Zn = ZnCl2 + H2

Precaution Explanation

Dry hydrogen gas ispasses through thecombustion tube fora few minutes/throughout theexperiment toremove all the air inthe tube.

A mixture of hydrogen and air cancause an explosion when lighted.

During cooling, theflow of hydrogen iscontinued.

To ensure the oxygen from the airdoes not oxidise the hot copper tocopper (II) oxide.

The heating, coolingand weighingprocesses arerepeated until aconstant mass isobtained.

To ensure that all of the copper (II)oxide has been reduced into copper.

The combustion tubemust be slantedslightly towards thetiny hole.

To prevent the water formed duringthe reaction from flowing towardsthe hot porcelain dish.

SECTION C

Compund formedbetween X and Y

Molecule formed between Zand Y

Types ofchemical

Ionic bond is formedbecause X atom

Covalent bond is formedbecause Z and Y atoms share


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(ii)

bonds donates electronsand Y atom receiveselectrons to achieve

stable electronarrangement // X is

metal and Y is non-metal

the electrons to achieve stableelectron arrangement // Y and

Z are non metal

Boilingpointand

meltingpoint

High because a lot ofenergy needed to

overcome the strongelectrostatic forces

between ions

Low because less energy isneeded to overcome the weak

forces of attraction betweenmolecules

(b)

Correct electron arrangement of 2 ions.Correct charges and nucleas are shown

X atom with an electron arrangement of 2.8.2

donates 2 valence electrons to achieve the stable octet electron arrangement,2.8.X2+ ion is formed // X X2+ +2e-.

-Y atom with an electron arrangement of 2.6 accept 2electrons to achieve the stable octet electronarrangement, 2.8. Y2- ion is formed // Y + 2e = Y2-

-The oppossitely-charged ions, X2+ and Y2- are attractedto each other by a strong electrostatic force.

-A ionic compound XY is formed

(c)

1. A crucible is filled with solid P until it is half full.2. Two carbon electrodes are dipped in the solid P

and connected to the batteries.3.Switch is turned on and observation is recorded.4.The solid P is then heated until it melts completely.5.The switch is turned on again and observation is

recorded.6.Steps 1 to 5 are repeated using solid Q to replace solid

P.7.Observations;


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2(a)

(b)

(c)

P does not light up the bulb in both solid and molten states.Q light up the bulb in molten state only.

P: napthalene // any suitable answerQ: lead(II) bromide // any suitable answer

CH4+ + 2O2 = CO2 + 2H2O

RMM of methane, CH4 = 12+4 =16

16g of methane releases 898 kJ heat

Thus1 g of methane releases = 898 x 1/16 kJ g-1

= 56.125 kJ g-1(correct answer and unit)

Diagram 10.1 Diagram 10.2

Temperature Increase Decrease

Total Energycontent

A and B /reactants havehigher energycontent than its

products/(C and D)

R and S /Products havehigher energycontent than its

reactants /(P and Q)

Heat Released Absorbed

Plotted graph

1.Correct axis and labelled

2.All 4 points/values transferred correctly3.Straight line graph


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4.Consistent scale

Heat of combustion of alcohols (kJ mol -1)

Number of carbon

Heat of combustion increases frommethanol ethanol propanol butan-1-ol//

methanol,ethanol,propanol,butan-1-olHeat of combustion increases

Because:

1. Number of carbon atom per molecule / mole increasesfrom methanol to to butanol.

2. Number of hydrogen atoms per molecule / moleincreases from methanol to butanol.

3. More carbon dioxide / CO2 and water / H2O moleculeare formed.

4. More covalent bonds are formed in the products.

5. More heat is given out.

[JAWAPAN PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN 2009-KIMIA-JOHOR]


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JAWAPAN PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN 2009-KIMIA (PAHANG)


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1

SECTION B


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1

SECTION C

[JAWAPAN PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN 2009-PAHANG]


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1

2

(e)

JAWAPAN PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN 2009-KIMIA (TERENGGANU)

(a) proton, electron,neutron

(b) (i) Isotopes are atoms of the same element with thesame number of proton but different number ofneutron

(ii) X and Y(iii) Iodine-131

(c) (i) 2.4(ii) 4

(d) 14

Y6

(e) (i)

(ii) Group 16, Period 2

(a) Cell X : Electrolytic cell/ Electrolysis cellCell Y: Voltanic cell/ Chemical cell

(b) Cu2+, SO42-, H+, OH-

(c) (i) Remain unchanged

(ii) Cu2+ + 2e =Cu

(d) (i) Chemical to electrical(ii) Becomes thinner /Dissolved(iii) Increase

[ From S to P and Q to R]


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1

than in Experiment I

The collision frequency in Experiment II ismore than in Experiment I

The effective collision frequency in ExperimentII is more than in Experiment I

Section C(a)(i) Atomic size of atom Y is smaller

Proton number of atom Y is more than atom XAttraction of nucleus on the electrons stronger.

(ii) To achieve the stable/octet electron arrangementTwo Y atoms share a pair / 2 electronsingle covalent bond


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[JAWAPAN PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN 2009-TERENGGANU]

kimia below 100 newewewe

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